Abstract: A split cylindrical superconducting magnet system including two half magnets, each half magnet comprising superconducting magnet coils retained in an outer vacuum chamber, having a thermal radiation shield located between the magnet coils and the outer vacuum chamber, wherein the thermal radiation shield is shaped such that the axial spacing between thermal radiation shields of respective half magnets is greater at their internal diameter than at their outer diameter.

Abstract: A method for generating an MRI sequence (1) which is characterized in that a first time segment type and a second time segment type differing therefrom are predefined and the MRI sequence (1) is constructed by time segments (5, 6) of the first time segment type and time segments (5, 6) of the second time segment type being strung together alternately.

Abstract: A gradient coil unit including a first conductor structure arranged within a first form and a second conductor structure arranged within a second form, wherein the first conductor structure and the second conductor structure are designed together to generate a magnetic field gradient in a first direction, the first form and the second form are arranged separately, opposite each other, and divided by a hollow space, and the first form has a segment of a circle as a cross section.

Abstract: Techniques of prospectively compensating for motion of a subject being imaged by an MRI system, the MRI system comprising a plurality of magnetics components including at least one gradient coil and at least one radio-frequency (RF) coil, the techniques comprising: obtaining first spatial frequency data and second spatial frequency data by operating the MRI system in accordance with a pulse sequence, wherein the pulse sequence is associated with a sampling path that includes at least two non-contiguous portions each for sampling a central region of k-space; determining a transformation using a first image obtained using the first spatial frequency data and a second image obtained using the second spatial frequency data; correcting the pulse sequence using the determined transformation to obtain a corrected pulse sequence; and obtaining additional spatial frequency data in accordance with the corrected pulse sequence.

Abstract: Images are reconstructed from undersampled k-space data using a residual machine learning algorithm (e.g., a ResNet architecture) to estimate missing k-space lines from acquired k-space data with improved noise resilience. Using a residual machine learning algorithm provides for combining the advantages of both linear and nonlinear k-space reconstructions. The linear residual connection can implement a convolution that estimates most of the energy in k-space, and the multi-layer machine learning algorithm can be implemented with nonlinear activation functions to estimate imperfections, such as noise amplification due to coil geometry, that arise from the linear component.

Abstract: A path finding system using a series of networked receiver beacons is disclosed. The system includes receiver beacons placed on a path. Each of the receiver beacons include a transceiver receiving and sending signals and a location indicator such as a LED, that when activated indicates the location of the receiver beacon. Each of the receiver beacons include a controller coupled to the indicator and the transceiver. The controller is operable to receive an activation signal to activate the indicator. A transmitter is paired with each of the receiver beacons. The transmitter includes a transceiver to send an activation signal to at least one of the receiver beacons. The receiver beacon receives the activation signal and activates the indicator. The receiver beacon also relays the activation signal to at least another receiver beacon.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a location of a client device using recursive phase vector subspace estimation are described. One technique includes receiving a plurality of angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements from a plurality of access points (APs). Each AoA measurement includes a plurality of entries for phase values measured from a signal received from a client device at the plurality of APs. At least one AoA measurement of the plurality of AoA measurements that includes at least one of: (i) one or more entries with missing phase values and (ii) one or more entries with erroneous phase values is identified, based on a recursive phase estimation. The plurality of AoA measurements are updated based on the identified at least one AoA measurement. The location of the client device is determined, based on the updated plurality of AoA measurements.

Abstract: Methods directed to finding algorithms designed to estimate the angle of arrival of signals incoming to a communication device by using a modal antenna having multiple radiation patterns are provided. In particular, a method can include obtaining a gain variation between adjacent modes of a plurality of antenna modes at each of a plurality of angles. The method can include obtaining a signal strength variation between the adjacent modes at each of the plurality of angles. The method can include determining a difference value based, at least in part, on the gain variation and the signal strength variation. The method can include determining an angle of arrival of the signal based, at least in part, on the difference value.

Abstract: A tracking device broadcasts beacon signals that are separated in time by broadcast intervals. The tracking device determines the broadcast intervals based on a behavior model. The behavior model specifies one or more conditions, such as times of day within a 24-hour day, and associates a usage probability with each condition. A higher usage probability causes the tracking device to broadcast beacon signals at shorter broadcast intervals. A mobile device in communication with the tracking device can reconfigure the behavior model, either by modifying portions of the behavior model or by replacing the behavior model with a different behavior model. This allows the behavior model to adapt to different circumstances, such as different usage patterns during weekdays, weekends, and vacations.

Abstract: A device has a microphone array that acquires sound data and a camera that acquires image data. A portion of the device may be moveable by one or more actuators. Responsive to the user, the portion of the device is moved toward an estimated direction of the user. The estimated direction is based on sensor data including the sound data and the image data. First variance values for individual sound direction values are calculated. Data derived from the image data or data from other sensors may be used to modify the first variance values and determine second data comprising second variances. The second data may be processed to determine the estimated direction of the user. For example, the second data may be processed by both a forward and a backward Kalman filter, and the output combined to determine an estimated direction toward the user.

Abstract: Examples of systems and methods described herein may be used to track a tagged object through a scene. Techniques are described herein to calculate a position of the tag using wireless communication with multiple anchor devices. In some examples, the anchor devices may be self-localizing, e.g., they may dynamically determine their position and relationship to one another. In some examples, position of a tag may be calculated by calculating multiple candidate positions using different localization techniques—such as geometric localization techniques and/or optimization-based techniques. An error may also be identified associated with each candidate position. A final position may be determined for the tag based on the errors associated with the candidate positions (e.g., the candidate position with the smallest error may be utilized as the position, e.g., the determined position, of the tag).

Abstract: A system provides a way to determine angle of bearing to a target receiver/transmitter relative to plural beacon stations with rotating directional radiation patterns. The target is “cooperative” in that it transmits a “report” message when the target receives maximum signal strength from a beacon station. Triangulation from multiple beacon transmitter sites can be used to determine the target's position.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes associating an identifying information indicative of an item to be tracked from a first device to a second device. The method also includes assigning a master/slave information indicative of a responsibility that the first device and/or the second device is in charge of tracking the item from the first device to the second device. The method further includes determining a position estimate indicative of a position of the item to be tracked based at least partially on the identifying information and the master/slave information. The first device is directly related to the item to be tracked, and the second device is not directly to the item to be tracked. An apparatus, a tangible computer-readable medium and a system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A positioning system has an initiator device configured for emitting a high-speed wireless signal, at least one reference device configured for receiving the high-speed wireless signal and emitting a low-speed wireless signal after receiving the high-speed wireless signal, at least one target device each having one or more components for receiving the low-speed wireless signals, and at least one engine configured for determining the position of each of the at-least-one target device by calculating the distance between the target device and each of the at-least-one reference device based on at least the times-of-arrival of the low-speed wireless signals, each time-of-arrival being the time that the corresponding low-speed wireless signal being received by the target device, and determining the position of the target device based on the calculated distances.

Abstract: An optical tracking system includes optical source devices. The optical source devices are configured to emitting optical signals. A control method, suitable for the optical tracking system, includes following operations. A dimensional scale to be covered by the optical tracking system is obtained. Signal strength of the optical signals provided by the optical source devices is adjusted according to the dimensional scale. The signal strength of the optical signals is positively correlated with the dimensional scale.

Abstract: A method of collision localization on a robotic device includes obtaining audio signals from a plurality of acoustic sensors spaced apart along the robotic device; identifying, based on a collision being detected, a strongest audio signal; identifying a primary onset time for an acoustic sensor producing the strongest audio signal, the primary onset time being a time at which waves propagating from the collision reach the acoustic sensor producing the strongest audio signal; generating a virtual onset time set, by shifting a calibration manifold, based on the identified primary onset time, the calibration manifold representing relative onset times from evenly spaced marker locations on the robotic device to the plurality of acoustic sensors; determining scores for the marker locations based a standard deviation of elements in the virtual onset time set; and estimating a location of the collision based on a highest score of the determined scores.

Abstract: A vehicular radar sensing system includes a radar sensor configured to be disposed at a vehicle. The radar sensor includes a plurality of antennas that include a plurality of transmitting antennas that transmit radio signals and a plurality of receiving antennas that receive radio signals. The radar sensor provides radar data to a processor that processes the provided radar data to detect an object present in the field of sensing of the radar sensor. At least some antennas of the plurality of antennas include waveguides having T-shaped slots, with each T-shaped slot having a longitudinal portion and a transverse portion that extends transverse from the longitudinal portion, and with a width of the transverse portion being less than a length of the longitudinal portion.

Abstract: A method for determining presence of an object via a vehicular radar sensing system includes providing a radar sensor having a plurality of antennas, which includes a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas. The plurality of antennas includes a plurality of sets of antennas, each set having a V shape or an X shape, and with each of the shaped sets of antennas having an apex. A signal feed is provided to the apex of each of the shaped sets of antennas. A radar beam is transmitted via the plurality of transmitting antennas and side lobes of the transmitted radar beam are reduced via the plurality of shaped sets of antennas. An output of the receiving antennas is communicated to a processor, and the processor determines presence of one or more objects exterior the vehicle and within the field of sensing of the radar sensor.

Abstract: A system for localizing an ultra-wide band (UWB) apparatus comprises a UWB transceiver that identifies and extracts features of at least one channel impulse response (CIR); and a special-purpose processor that applies a machine learning classification process to the extracted CIR features to localize the UWB apparatus in a vehicle.

Abstract: A LIDAR system includes a LIDAR chip configured that outputs a LIDAR output signal. The LIDAR system also includes a LIDAR adapter that receives the LIDAR output signal from the LIDAR chip and also outputs the LIDAR output signal from the LIDAR system and toward a sample region in a field of view. The LIDAR adapter also receives a LIDAR return signal that includes light from the LIDAR output signal after the LIDAR output signal is reflected by an object located in the sample region. The LIDAR output signal and the LIDAR return signal travel the same optical pathway between the LIDAR adapter and the object. The LIDAR adapter is also configured to output a LIDAR input signal that is received by the LIDAR chip and includes or consists of light from the LIDAR return signal. The LIDAR input signal and the LIDAR output signal travel different optical pathways between the LIDAR adapter and the LIDAR chip.

Abstract: Various forms of optical circulator are disclosed. The optical circulators act on polarisation of the light to direct light between its ports. Also disclosed are systems and methods for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment based on a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) based technique. The systems and method may include or use one or more of the various forms of optical circulator. In one arrangement, the present disclosure facilitates spatial profile estimation based on directing light over one dimension, such as along the vertical direction. In another arrangement, by further directing the one-dimensionally directed light in another dimension, such as along the horizontal direction, the present disclosure facilitates spatial profile estimation based on directing light in two dimensions.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system including a tunable laser beam source that generates a modulated laser beam over a frequency modulation range; a spiral phase plate resonator (SPPR) device responsive to the modulated laser beam and providing a transmitted beam; and a mirror responsive to the transmitted beam and directing the transmitted beam at a certain angle therefrom depending on the frequency of the laser beam.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed toward measuring a three dimensional range to a target. A transmitter emits light toward the target. An aperture may receive light reflections from the target. The aperture may direct the reflections toward a sensor that comprises rows of pixels that have columns. The sensor is offset a predetermined distance from the transmitter. Anticipated arrival times of the reflections on the sensor are based on the departure times and the predetermined offset distance. A portion of the pixels are sequentially activated based on the anticipated arrival times. The target's three dimensional range measurement is based on the reflections detected by the portion of the pixels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to limitation of noise on light detectors using an aperture. One example implementation includes a system. The system includes a lens that focuses light from a scene toward a focal plane. The system also includes an aperture defined within an opaque material. The system also includes a plurality of waveguides. A given waveguide of the plurality has an input end that receives a portion of light transmitted through the aperture, and guides the received portion toward an output end of the given waveguide. A cross-sectional area of the guided portion at the output end is greater than a cross-sectional area of the received portion at the input end. The system also includes an array of light detectors that detects the guided light transmitted through the output end.

Abstract: A light reception device comprises a pixel array including a plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels including a photosensitive element configured to generate a signal in response to detection of a photon by the photosensitive element, wherein the plurality of pixels include a first pixel having a first sensitivity to detect a first photon incident on the first pixel and a second pixel having a second sensitivity to detect a second photon incident on the second pixel, wherein the second sensitivity is lower than the first sensitivity.

Abstract: A method is presented for optimizing a scan pattern of a LIDAR system on an autonomous vehicle. The method includes receiving first SNR values based on values of a range of the target, where the first SNR values are for a respective scan rate. The method further includes receiving second SNR values based on values of the range of the target, where the second SNR values are for a respective integration time. The method further includes receiving a maximum design range of the target at each angle in the angle range. The method further includes determining, for each angle in the angle range, a maximum scan rate and a minimum integration time. The method further includes defining a scan pattern of the LIDAR system based on the maximum scan rate and the minimum integration time at each angle and operating the LIDAR system according to the scan pattern.

Abstract: The method comprises: creating a 3D scenario model of a calibration scenario, based on data of the calibration scenario collected by an already-calibrated 3D scanner; obtaining point cloud data collected by a to-be-calibrated multi-line laser radar at a plurality of position points in the calibration scenario respectively; aligning the point cloud data collected by the multi-line laser radar at the respective point points and point cloud data in the 3D scenario model into the same coordinate system on a principle that the respective position points are aligned with corresponding position points in the 3D scenario model; building a target function between data of points collected by the multi-line laser radar and data of matching points nearest to the points in the 3D scenario model, under the same coordinate system; calibrating the parameters of the multi-line laser radar according to the target function.

Abstract: A calibration device includes a base, a support column coupled to the base and extending in a first direction, and a crossbar coupled to the support column. The crossbar includes a positioning base and a carrier. The positioning base is fixed to the support column. The carrier is coupled to the positioning base and rotatable about a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The carrier includes a distance sensor and a calibration platform. The calibration platform mounts a depth camera. The carrier is configured to rotate about the second direction to rotate an optical axis of the depth camera in a first calibration plane defined by the first direction and a third direction. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sensor detects a level of a fluid. A first probe has a first transducer element to transmit an ultrasonic signal through the first probe. A second probe of a helix shape has a second transducer element coiled around the first probe to receive the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the first probe through the fluid. A stabilizing rod and a plurality of stabilizing collets are disposed between the rod and the second probe parallel to both the first probe and the second probe.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a system for identifying a vertical height of a user equipment using network-side components, instead of device-side components, is described. The system may include a fixed antenna of a node and a processor. The antenna sends a first beam having a first set of beam characteristics and receives a first signal strength indication from the user equipment based upon the first beam. The antenna then sends a second beam having a second set of beam characteristic and receives a second signal strength indication from the user equipment based upon the second beam. The processor may then analyze the first signal strength and the second signal strength to determine the vertical height of the user equipment, such as by a trigonometric calculation based upon an inclination of the beams and various known distances.

Abstract: A method is provided of aligning a first alienable element with a second alignable element. A first article comprises the first alignable element and a second article comprises the second alignable element. A first antenna is coupled to the first alignable element and a second antenna is coupled to the second alignable element. The first antenna is identical to the second antenna. The method comprises: moving a first article relative to a second article; determining, during movement of the first article, at least one S-parameter of the first antenna and at least one corresponding S-parameter of the second antenna; and ceasing the movement of the first article when the at least one S-parameter of the first antenna matches the at least one corresponding S-parameter of the second antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device that includes a display, a communication module, at least one microphone, at least one speaker, a processor operatively coupled to the display, the communication module, the microphone, and the speaker, and a memory operatively coupled to the processor. The memory may store instructions, when executed, causing the processor to transmit, through the speaker, a first audio sound including first information, receive, through the microphone, a second audio sound including second information responding to the first information from a first external electronic device, transmit, through the speaker, a third audio sound including third information for acquiring a distance to the first external electronic device after receiving the second audio sound, and receive, through the microphone, a fourth audio sound including fourth information responding to the third information from the first external electronic device.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems to enable a radar system to detect angles in bistatic and monostatic scenarios. In some examples, an automotive radar system includes one or more processors. The processors can obtain electromagnetic (EM) energy reflected by objects and generate, based on the reflected EM energy, a two-dimensional (2D) data matrix. The 2D data matrix has a number of rows corresponding to the number of antenna elements in a transmitter array and a number of columns corresponding to the number of antenna elements in a receiver array. Using the 2D data matrix, the processors can determine DoA estimates and DoD estimates in monostatic and bistatic scenarios. By comparing the DoA estimates to the DoD estimates, the processors can determine an angle associated with the objects. In this way, the described techniques and systems can enable angle detection in monostatic and bistatic conditions with improved angular resolution and reduced cost.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described to identify motion events on a sloped surface, such as a mountainside, using transmitted and received radio frequency (RF) chirps. A one-dimensional array of receive antennas can be digitally beamformed to determine azimuth information of received reflected chirps. Elevation information can be determined based on time-of-flight measurements of received reflected chirps and known distances to locations on the sloped surface. Motion events may be characterized by deviations in return power levels and/or return phase shifts. The systems and methods may, for example, be used to provide real-time detection of avalanches and/or landslides.

Abstract: A component-based system and method for rapidly generating artificial intelligence-enhanced real-time, multi-dimensional gridded aerial object classification and trajectory (state and orbital state vector) forecasts utilizing digital radar signals data collected at high rates of volume and velocity. The system performs data storage, retrieval, manipulation, communication, processing, and end user application tasks for accurate aerial object classification and vector forecasts. The data component serves as a data cache to store, retrieve, and manipulate data utilizing a plurality of functions under conditions of variable internet connectivity. The processing component includes an artificial intelligence machine learning component and logic for manipulating the data to generate gridded projections that are arrayed spatially and temporally.

Abstract: An apparatus including a transmitter including a pulsed Radio Frequency (RF) source coupled to an antenna. A receiver includes an amplifier coupled to the antenna. A controller is configured to adjust one or more durations of a ranging cycle of the apparatus, wherein the ranging cycle includes a first duration of a gated mode and a second duration of a non-gated mode. The gated mode blinds the amplifier during a transmission of the transmitter. The non-gated mode reduces a gain of the amplifier during the transmission.

Abstract: An access system for a vehicle includes a receiver and an access module. The receiver is configured to receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The access module is configured to: generate a differentiated signal based on the received signal; up-sample the differentiated signal to generate a first up-sampled signal; obtain or generate an expected signal; up-sample the expected signal to generate a second up-sampled signal; cross-correlate the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal to generate a cross-correlation signal; based on the cross-correlation signal, determine a phase difference between the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal; determine a round trip time of the signal received by the receiver; and permit access to the vehicle based on the round trip time.

Abstract: A sensor-cluster apparatus, in which a sensor configured to detect and collect external environment information is mounted in a case. The sensor-cluster apparatus includes a body member on which one kind or more of sensors are mounted on one surface thereof, a case in which an inner space is provided, and one surface thereof is opened to define an opening and on which the body member is mounted so that each of the sensors is exposed to the opening, and a position control device mounted inside the case to adjust a mounting position or a mounting angle of the body member.

Abstract: Provided herein is a system and method to determine a heading of a target. The system includes a radar sensor that obtains a snapshot of radar data comprising Doppler velocities and spatial positions of a plurality of detection points of a target, one or more processors, and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the system to perform conducting a first estimation of a heading of the target based on the spatial positions; conducting a second estimation of the heading of the target based on the Doppler velocities; and obtaining a combined estimation of the heading of the target based on a weighted sum of the first estimation and the second estimation.

Abstract: A method of implementing frequency division multiple access (FDMA) in a radar system of a vehicle includes transmitting a chirp signal from each of a plurality of transmit elements of the radar system simultaneously. The chirp signal transmitted by each of the plurality of transmit elements increases or decreases linearly in frequency over a frequency range over a duration of time and the frequency range of the chirp signal transmitted by adjacent ones of the plurality of transmit elements partially overlapping. The method also includes processing a reflection received based on reflection of the chirp signal transmitted by the plurality of transmit elements by one or more objects and controlling an operation of the vehicle based on locating the one or more objects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dual detector comprising a detection head having: an inductive sensor which is mounted on the platform (11) and includes a transmitter coil (12) and a separate receiver coil (13), the transmitter coil (12) and the receiver coil (13) each forming a loop, a soil penetrating radar (60) comprising a transmitter antenna (61) and a receiver antenna (62), the transmitter antenna (61) and the receiver antenna (62) each being accommodated in the center of one of the loops of the transmitter and receiver coils (12) (13), the transmitter antenna (61) and the receiver antenna (62) having a maximum thickness (e) of one micron in order to limit interference with the inductive sensor (12).

Abstract: An aerial vehicle system for mapping an object buried in a subterranean surface, the aerial vehicle system including an aerial vehicle, an electronic sensor, a processor, and a memory. The memory includes instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the system to receive a first input data set by the electronic sensor, the first input data set based on an electromagnetic signal and geographic location data, generate a raw image based on the first input data set, and compare the raw image to a calibration data set, the calibration data set based on material calibration data. The material calibration data is based on unique spectral reflection patterns of an object in a controlled environment at predefined heights and subterranean conditions.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to techniques for hardware-in-the-loop testing with continuous integration for radar testing and development. A computing device may receive a target output for radar operation parameters undergoing development tests and determine whether a first output produced by a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based on the radar operation parameters differs from the target output less than a first threshold difference. When the output from the FPGA passes the comparison, the computing device may then cause a radar unit to transmit radar signals toward a target according to the radar operation parameters, which produces a second output that can also be compared to the target output. The FPGA may process signals for the radar unit. In some cases when the second output differs from the target output less than a second threshold difference, the computing device may provide the radar operation parameters as a radar software update to vehicles.

Abstract: Embodiments for a terrain following (TF) radar configured for use in an airborne system are generally described herein. In some embodiments, a radar return comprising dual polarimetry radar data is processed to determine a Correlation Coefficient (CC), a Differential Reflectivity (ZDR), and a Specific Differential Phase (KDP). Discriminator logic is applied to the CC, the ZDR and the KDP to determine whether the radar return comprises solely rain. Further signal processing may be performed on the radar return when the radar return does not comprise solely rain. When the radar signal comprises solely rain, the radar return is tagged as a rain return. Applying the discriminator logic may include applying linear and/or quadratic functions to the CC, the ZDR and the KDP to determine whether the radar return comprises solely rain.

Abstract: The angle of a trailer with respect to a tow vehicle is an important parameter to the stability of the vehicle and trailer. A tow vehicle pulling a trailer in a straight line is generally more stable than when the vehicle is turning. While turning, the angle between the tow vehicle and the trailer is not a straight line but is another angle depending on how sharply the tow vehicle is turning. To safely operate a vehicle towing a trailer, for a given steering input and speed, there is a maximum angle between the tow vehicle and trailer whereby exceeding the angle causes instability and may cause the trailer or tow vehicle to roll over or jackknife. Accordingly, the angle between the trailer and tow vehicle must be determined to ensure the vehicle and trailer will continue to be in control.

Abstract: One variation of a method for registering distance scan data includes: accessing a first distance scan recorded, at a first time, by a first depth sensor defining a first field of view; accessing a second distance scan recorded, at approximately the first time, by a second depth sensor defining a second field of view overlapping a portion of the first field of view; calculating a first set of lines represented by points in a first portion of the first distance scan overlapping a second portion of the second distance scan; calculating a second set of lines represented by points in the second portion of the second distance scan; calculating skew distances between each pair of corresponding lines in the first and second sets of lines; and calculating an alignment transformation that aligns the first distance scan and the second distance scan to minimize skew distances between corresponding pairs of lines.

Abstract: A LIDAR system has a transmitter that outputs a system output signal from the LIDAR system. The LIDAR system also includes electronics that control a frequency of the system output signal over a series of cycles. The cycles include multiple data periods. The electronics change the frequency of the system output signal at a first rate during a first one of the data periods. The electronics change the frequency of the system output signal at a second rate during a second one of the data periods. The second rate is different from the first rate.

Abstract: An optical probe includes an optical housing, a transmitting lens and a receiving lens. The optical housing extends from a proximate end to an opposing distal end. The transmitting lens is disposed at the distal end and is configured to output a first transmitted signal beams having a first transmission axis and a second transmitted beam having a second transmission axis that is different from the first transmission axis. The receiving lens is disposed at the distal end and configured to receive the first and second reflected signal beams corresponding respectively to the first and second transmitted signal beams. The optical housing has formed therein a transmitting optical channel configured to communicate an input optical signal from the proximate end to the transmitting lens. A receiving optical channel separated from the transmitting optical channel communicates the first and second reflected signal beams to the proximate end.

Abstract: A system for generating satellite positioning corrections includes a global correction module that generates a set of global pre-corrections based on modeling of global positioning error, a set of local correction modules that, for each local correction module of the set, takes input from a unique reference source and generates a set of local pre-corrections based on modeling of local positioning error; and a correction generator that generates a positioning correction from the set of global pre-corrections and the sets of local pre-corrections to correct a position of the mobile receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, and methods for tracking patients that suffer from dementia. The disclosed apparatus is a wearable device capable of micro-tracking through Bluetooth Low Energy technology and capable of macro-tracking through GPS technology. The device may additionally include sensors to monitor other information such as the health of the patient or the patient's surrounding environment. The disclosed systems utilize the disclosed device in an overall system for tracking patients. These systems teach how the device interacts with the other components of the system (e.g., signal beacons, wireless transmitters, a central processing unit, mobile computing devices) to provide an integrated system to tracking the location and monitoring the well being of the patient. Finally, methods for tracking patients that use the disclosed devices and systems are disclosed.