Abstract: A lamp for an automobile and an automobile including the lamp. According to one aspect, the lamp is for an automobile and includes a light source and an anti-reflection coating layer attached to a portion of a surface of a lens. The anti-reflection coating layer preventing deterioration in quality of the image captured by the camera due to the light emitted from the light source in the lamp.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: a lamp body assembly, including a support base, a lampshade mounted on the support base, and a light-emitting body, a power supply module and a first connector that are connected to the support base, wherein the light-emitting body is electrically connected to the power supply module; a display assembly, including a carrier, a second connector connected to the carrier and facing the support base, and a display screen connected to the carrier, wherein the display screen is electrically connected to the power supply module; and a support assembly, connected to the first connector and the second connector.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion member includes a support and a wavelength conversion layer including a first phosphor having a composition represented by Formula (1) and having an emission peak wavelength in a range from 550 nm to 620 nm, and a second phosphor having a different emission peak wavelength and/or a full width at half maximum from the first phosphor. An amount of the first phosphor in the wavelength conversion layer is in a range from 20 mass % to 80 mass % relative to a total amount of the phosphors In Formula (1), M1 represents at least one of rare earth elements other than La and Ce, a total molar content percentage of Y, Gd, and Lu in M1 is 90% or more, and p, q, r, and s satisfy 2.7?(p+q+r)?3.3, 0?r?1.2, 10?s?12, and 0<q?1.2.

Abstract: Provided is a controller and a luminaire having the controller. The controller is provided in the luminaire, and may include a switch assembly provided on a side where a light outlet of the luminaire is located and configured to receive a selecting signal that is input from the outside, and a control board connected with the switch assembly and configured to generate a corresponding control signal on the basis of the selecting signal, so as to control a plurality of light sources of the luminaire to form at least two types of Correlated Color Temperatures (CCT), brightness and/or colors respectively. By the disclosure, the problem that it is hard for a user to adjust the CCT, the brightness and/or the color of the luminaire in the prior art is solved, and operating convenience of the user is improved.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, a lighting device is provided. The lighting device comprises a circuit board, a light emitting diode (LED) mounted to the circuit board and configured to emit light, a lens disposed over the LED having a bottom surface facing the circuit board, a top surface opposite the bottom surface, and a lateral surface between the top and bottom surfaces, and an elastomer encapsulating at least part of the circuit board. The elastomer may not be in contact with at least part of the lateral surface of the lens so as to form a gap between the elastomer and the lateral surface of the lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is an outdoor light fixture assembly having a housing and a lens module. The lens module is removable from the housing for servicing. The removable lens module includes a socket for one or more light sources and a lens. The outdoor light fixture further includes engagement structures for installing and removing the lens module from the housing without the use of tools.

Abstract: A linear light fixture assembly for supporting a light fixture in a ceiling structure, comprises a light fixture mounting structure having a pair of opposed boundary regions configured to fit within a designated light fixture receiving region in the ceiling structure, and a plurality of spring elements configured to spaced outwardly from at least one of the boundary regions, each spring element having a mounting region configured to be anchored to the mounting structure and a free end region to extend therefrom and to be laterally outwardly biased in a first position to form a path of contact with a support surface region on the ceiling structure to anchor the structure in the receiving region, each of the spring elements configured to be movable toward the corresponding boundary region in a second position to release the path of contact to release the light fixture from the receiving region.

Abstract: A COB LED lighting lamp cooled by a liquid agent, in particular water, used for year-round illumination of the LED light of this lamp in a greenhouse of plants and includes a load-bearing and lighting component, having a cooling plate with three threaded mounting openings arranged transversely, the inner surface of which with channels for the cooling liquid flowing through it is permanently and tightly connected with a cover equipped with neodymium magnets magnetically connected to contacting neodymium magnets of holders fixing COB LED modules equipped with COB LED diodes and lenses, and a cooling subassembly situated above it, including a cooling fan and a water radiator placed thereon and detachably connected thereto. Both components being connected to each other by two connecting pipe sets, such that the upper connector of the pipe set is screwed into the threaded opening of the water chamber of this water radiator.

Abstract: This document describes techniques directed to active thermal-control of a floodlight and associated floodlights. As described, an example floodlight includes a first heat-transfer subsystem that uses a fully enclosed heat sink to transfer heat from an array of LEDs to a first housing component of the floodlight. The floodlight further includes a second heat-transfer subsystem to transfer heat from one or more PSUs to a second housing component of the floodlight. Described techniques include using thermistors located throughout the floodlight to actively monitor a temperature profile within the floodlight and, if one or more operating-temperature thresholds are violated, reducing power consumption within the floodlight.

Abstract: Helmets and helmet lighting systems for use in demanding environments, such as fire, rescue, police and military applications. The helmets and systems provide one or more of high levels of light emission, long operational life, waterproofing/ability to operate in wet or submerged environments and relatively low weight. In some configurations, a helmet comprises a lighting system including an exterior layer and an interior layer applied to a shell of the helmet. In some configurations, a lighting module having an internal layer and an exterior layer is attached to an underlying helmet. In some configurations, a lighting system includes pods and/or strips containing a source of light. The pods or strips can be attached to an underlying helmet.

Abstract: A lamp includes at least two illumination parts and a lamp body. The lamp body has an upper portion, a lower portion corresponding to the upper portion and at least two optical cavities extended between the upper portion and the lower portion. The illumination parts are respectively arranged in the optical cavities. The lamp has a surrounding lighting state and a side lighting state. The lighting states of the lamp may be switched between the surrounding lighting state and the side lighting state through controlling the operating modes of the illumination parts in the optical cavities respectively.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source, a base plate, a light passing plate and a control module. The base plate has a lateral wall, a bottom plate and a top rim. The lateral wall and the bottom plate form a concave container. The light source is disposed on the bottom plate. A bottom edge of the lateral wall is connected to the bottom plate. A top edge of the lateral wall is connected to the top rim. The light passing plate is attached to the top edge of the lateral wall. a control module. The control module has a sensor and a control circuit. The sensor and the control circuit are placed on two sides of the top rim. The control circuit is connected to the sensor via a through hole of the top rim.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a plurality of independently operable light emitting devices; a first lens facing the light emitting devices; and a second lens facing the first lens. A lower face of the first lens facing the light emitting devices includes: an entrance part located in a center where light from the light emitting devices enters, and a light guide part located outward of the entrance part and configured to guide light entering the entrance part. A lower face of the second lens facing the first lens includes a Fresnel lens face including a plurality of annular protruding portions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for modulating a solid-fuel-based combustion process. A current instantaneous heat release for a solid-fuel-based heat generator is determined at a virtual sensor. The current instantaneous heat release is compared to a current firing rate demand. When the current instantaneous heat release does not correspond to the current firing rate demand, an underfire air flow of the heat generator is adjusted.

Abstract: A combustor includes a liner defining a combustion chamber, and receiving an air and fuel mixing body. The mixing body includes a forward face facing into the combustion chamber. A plurality of circumferentially spaced columns about a central axis of the combustor each have at least two fuel supply passages and two air supply passages extending to the forward face. At least one of the two air supply passages and one of the fuel supply passages extending along a direction with a circumferentially extending component in a first circumferential direction. The other of the two air supply passages and the fuel supply passages extend with a circumferential component in a second opposed circumferential direction. A gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: An example Smart Candle Platform is configured to includes a candle fixture that comprises an outer shell having an opening, a mid-frame, and a base, and a fuel bottle configured to hold a fuel material and is removably coupled to the candle fixture. The fuel bottle is positioned at least partially within a hollow interior of the mid-frame of the candle fixture and accommodated by the base. The fuel bottle further comprises a wick that extends through an opening of the outer shell, and the candle fixture includes an ignitor configured to ignite the fuel material via the wick to produce a living flame. The candle fixture further includes an inner cover having one or more reinforcement ribs configured to provide structural support for the one or more ignitors.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon management system comprises a flare boom configured to connect to a drilling or production rig. The flare boom is configured to combust at least a portion of hydrocarbon fluids flowed from the rig to the flare boom. A catcher is configured to be spatially positioned relative to the end of the flare boom. The catcher comprises a diverter positioned to divert a flow of uncombusted hydrocarbon liquids from the flare boom, and a container configured to receive the uncombusted hydrocarbon liquids diverted by the diverter.

Abstract: A system and method for remote monitoring and control of landfill and recycling operations provide an intelligent centralized platform for remote, real-time industrial data gathering and process control for management of landfill and recycling operations such as leachate, gas, water and other liquids. The system and method can directly upload machine data (such as liquid volumes, flows, level, equipment runtime, sorter data, status, etc) into a centralized platform. This data can be used for analytics and automation of processes and equipment control.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to create a device for indicating the status of a gas burner, which device functions independently of the circumstances of the specific gas burner design and arrangement.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions stored thereon, the instructions executable by one or more processors for selecting infrequent or frequent autotuning of a combustor; and determining the health of a combustor. Also, a method of monitoring a combustor within a gas turbine engine system, comprising providing a gas turbine engine system, wherein the gas turbine engine includes an autotuning system; selecting infrequent or frequent autotuning of the combustor; and determining the health of the combustor; wherein said determining the health of a combustor comprises receiving real-time fuel gas temperature data from at least one thermocouple.

Abstract: A combustor includes an inner liner and an outer liner defining a combustion chamber. The inner liner includes an inner mesh structure, and a plurality of inner planks mounted to the inner mesh structure. The outer liner includes an outer mesh structure, and a plurality of outer planks mounted to the outer mesh structure. Each of the plurality of inner planks and outer planks includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and lateral walls defining a cavity to allow circulation of airflow within the cavity to cool down the inner wall.

Abstract: A micro-mixer capable of effectively mixing compressed air supplied from a compressor to a combustor and fuel supplied from a fuel nozzle, and a combustor including the same are provided. The micro-mixer includes a mixing passage including an inlet and an outlet, a fuel supply passage extending from one inner wall to the other inner wall of the mixing passage, and a fuel supply port formed in the fuel supply passage to supply fuel to the mixing passage.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine includes a liner surrounding a fuel and air mixing body. A gaseous fuel supply passage delivers gaseous fuel into the mixing body. A wall of the mixing body has air openings to communicate air into mixing passages. At least one fuel opening in each of the mixing passages allows fuel to flow into the mixing passages and mix with the air. There are passage sections downstream of a location of the fuel openings, such that the mixed air and fuel travel downstream of the location and into a combustion chamber. The passage sections have baffles that create a tortuous path. A gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pre-vaporizing pipe (5) for a combustion chamber of a turbomachine, comprising a generally elongate main body (50), comprising a first end portion (51) delimiting an inlet duct (52) in which a fuel injector is to be mounted, the body (50) having an external surface (500) having a first length (L1) that extends from the portion (51) to at least one first fuel outlet end piece (53), and a second length (L2) that extends the first length (L1) from the end piece (53) and that extends from the end piece (53) to a second fuel outlet end piece (54). According to the invention, inside the body (50) there is a first channel (55) connecting the duct (52) to the end piece (53) and a second channel (56) which is distinct from the first channel (55) and which connects the duct (52) to the end piece (54).

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, a combustor liner includes a first portion extending in a substantially axial direction and a second portion that extending in the substantially axial direction. A step connects the first portion and the second portion. The step is arranged at an angle to the second portion that is less than 90°. The step has a step height defined as a distance between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion, second portion, and step are formed as a unitary ceramic component. A slot extends through the step, and a ratio of a height of the slot to a height of the step is greater than 0.66.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stove having a top portion including a spark arrestor which includes a base assembly comprising a base ring, a base crown, a mesh side screen connecting the base ring and the base crown, and at least one handle, and a top assembly comprising a top crown, a mesh top screen extending from the top crown, and at least one handle, wherein the base assembly is sized to fit removably onto the top portion of the stove such that the base assembly is configured to block sparks or embers produced by the stove, and wherein the top assembly fits removably onto the base crown such that the top assembly is configured to block sparks or embers produced by the stove.

Abstract: A fire pit comprising a body having a side wall structure. The body further comprises a base plate located adjacent a lower end portion of the side wall structure, and an opening defined by a perimeter of an upper end portion of the side wall structure. Together, the side wall structure and the base plate form a fire pit chamber. The lower end portion of the side walls and the base plate form a collection sump for collecting and retaining ash that is generated during use. The lower portion of two opposite side walls and and the base plate are tapered downwards towards the center of the base plate to facilitate collection of ash.

Abstract: A bracket for a cooking appliance includes first and second mounting members that are spaced-apart to define a gap therebetween. First and second connecting members span the gap between the first and second mounting members, and each include a first portion coupled to the first mounting member, a second portion coupled to the second mounting member and an intermediate portion disposed therebetween. The first and second portions of the first connecting member are coupled to opposite ends of the intermediate portion of the first connecting member at first and second deflection creases, respectively. The first and second portions of the second connecting member are coupled to opposite ends of the intermediate portion of the second connecting member at first and second deflection creases, respectively. The first and second connecting members are configured to flex between at-rest and loaded conditions as the bracket moves between at-rest and contracted positions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a range hood, including: a case provided with a smoke inlet; and a fan provided inside the case. An air inlet area is formed between an air inlet of the fan and a side wall of the case, the air inlet area is provided with a spacer, and the spacer is configured to divide the air inlet area into at least two air inlet sub-areas. The air inlet sub-areas are located at different positions of the air inlet area. The airflow entering the case from the smoke inlet flows to the air inlet of the fan, and the airflow flows to the sub-air inlet area in different directions. The space blocks airflows in different directions, to prevent turbulence at the intersection of airflows in different directions.

Abstract: A range hood for collecting oil scattered from a rotating disk filter, capable of improving the cleaning workability is provided. The range hood includes a fan configured to generate an air flow, a disk filter provided on a flow path of the air flow and having a slit, a motor configured to rotate the disk filter, a rectifying plate provided upstream of the disk filter on the flow path of the air flow, and a disk cover configured to surround an outer periphery portion of the disc filter and having an outlet portion that allows oil from the disk filter to flow out to a predetermined portion of the rectifying plate.

Abstract: A firebox for an outdoor cooking system has a gas burner positioned inside the firebox housing. The gas burner has a built-in altitude adjustment mechanism that allows for adjustment of proper air/gas mixture for cooking at different altitudes. An air deflector configured as an enclosing wall encloses the gas burner so as to greatly reduce the flow of unwanted air/wind disruptions to the flame/heat output of the gas burner.

Abstract: An electric fireplace (410) includes a fireplace housing (412) and a heater assembly (426) that is configured to generate heated air. The heater assembly (426) is configured to be installed substantially within the fireplace housing (412). The heater assembly (426) includes a heater body (445), a first grill cover (448) that is selectively couplable to the heater body (445), and a second grill cover (548) that is alternatively selectively couplable to the heater body (445). The first grill cover (448) has a first cover length (468), and the second grill cover (548) has a second cover length (568) that is different than the first cover length (468). The heater assembly (426) is selectively positionable within a cabinet (311) having a structural opening (311A), and a center shelf (360) that defines at least a portion of an upper side (311U) of the structural opening (311A). The heater assembly (426) is installed substantially adjacent to the center shelf (360).

Abstract: An electric heater includes a substrate; a first plane heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a second plane heating element disposed on the surface of the substrate so as to be located outside the first plane heating element. The first plane heating element includes a first pattern portion having a start point and an end point, and a pair of first electrode portions connected to the first pattern portion. The second plane heating element includes a second pattern portion that surrounds a portion of an outer circumference of the first pattern portion, has a start point and an end point, and has an opening portion at one side thereof; and a pair of second electrode portions connected to the second pattern portion.

Abstract: A method of cooking a food item in a cooking appliance having a cooking chamber and a user interface with a selector that allows a user to set a target degree of browning includes imaging, by an imaging device for capturing a real-time image, the food item inside the cooking chamber. A computing device in communication with the imaging device, and having a software module that receives the captured image, receives the captured real-time image from the imaging device.

Abstract: Photovoltaics and an MPPT DC/DC converter powers a DC bus of a controller. It uses an electric heat pump to heat a mass like water, and also has a resistive heating element to heat the mass. A microcontroller controls a variable frequency (VFD) motor drive to power the electric heat pump when sufficient solar power is available to run the heat pump and uses the resistive element to heat the thermal mass when insufficient solar power exists for the heat pump or when excess solar power is available. A controller has an MPPT input for solar power and a VFD to provide power through an output to a heat pump-based water heater and an output to power a resistive water heating element. A microcontroller determines solar power available and runs the heat pump when possible and the resistive element when insufficient power is available or when excess power is available.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes a single compressor, a pair of condensers, a reheat heat exchanger, an evaporator, and an expansion device. Within the system, the refrigerant exiting the compressor is separated into two portions. In the cooling mode, the first and second portions of the refrigerant are directed from the compressor through the two condensers in parallel. In the reheat mode, the first portion of the refrigerant is directed through the first condenser, while the second portion of the refrigerant is directed through the reheat heat exchanger. The system also may include a head pressure control device that is designed to maintain the compressor discharge pressure within a desired range by adjusting the condenser fan speed.

Abstract: A system for air-conditioning and hot-water supply selectively performs cooling and heating operations. The system includes: an outdoor unit having a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger; indoor units each of which is connected to the outdoor unit and includes an indoor heat exchanger; a hot-water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit and arranged in parallel to the indoor units and including a refrigerant-water heat exchanger; and a controller monitoring an occurrence of a hot water request for hot-water supply from the hot-water supply unit during the cooling operation performed at at least one of the indoor units, and then to start the heating operation in accordance with the hot-water request. The controller also monitors an occurrence of an indoor-unit request from any one of the indoor units and resumes the cooling operation where the request is an increase request for an increase of load of the cooling operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system that includes a refrigerant circuit and a sensor configured to measure a refrigerant concentration external to the refrigeration circuit. The HVAC system also includes a controller that is communicatively coupled to the sensor and to an economizer. The controller is configured to control a flow of environmental air into the HVAC system. The controller is further configured to increase a ratio of the flow of environmental air relative to a flow of return air from a conditioned interior space of a building when the sensor measures the refrigerant concentration above a predetermined threshold concentration.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system with a vibration sensor coupled to a component of the HVAC system includes a data analyzer with a processor configured to receive an input from the vibration sensor coupled to the component of the HVAC system. The processor is configured to determine a remaining useful life (RUL) indication for the component of the HVAC system based on applying an analytical model using the input from the vibration sensor and to output the RUL indication.

Abstract: An on-site controller for an HVAC system is operated to maintain temperature and humidity set points inside an enclosed facility. A weather station inside the facility records microclimate data pertinent to environmental conditions inside the facility, and a weather station outside the facility records microclimate data pertinent to meteorological conditions outside the facility. A summing network compares the inside microclimate data with the outside meteorological data to establish an actuating signal. A throttle, responsive to the actuating signal, varies the power demand for the HVAC system to maintain the predetermined set points for environmental conditions inside the facility.

Abstract: An air conditioning system having an auxiliary heat source is provided and that may include an outdoor unit, an indoor heat exchanger connected to the outdoor unit, the indoor heat exchanger including a temperature sensor, an auxiliary heat source arranged as an auxiliary to the outdoor unit and operated by an energy source different from an energy source of the outdoor unit, a thermostat configured to control a temperature of an installation space supplied with cold air or warm air by the outdoor unit and the auxiliary heat source, and a communicator. The communicator may include an input unit connected to the thermostat, a first output unit connected to the auxiliary heat source, a second output unit connected to the outdoor unit, and a controller configured to process signals between the input unit, the first output unit, and the second output unit.

Abstract: A controller for a plurality of interconnected devices in a system is shown. The controller includes a processing circuit configured to detect that a first device of the plurality of interconnected devices is unavailable and identify a second device of the plurality of interconnected devices schematically dependent upon the first device by conducting a graph theory analysis on schematic relationships indicating connections among the plurality of interconnected devices. The processing circuit is further configured to, in response to identifying the second device schematically dependent upon the first device, generate a reduced subset of the plurality of interconnected devices that excludes the second device. The processing circuit is further configured to operate the reduced subset to transfer one or more resources among the reduced subset via the connections.

Abstract: A method in a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes retrieving a control input from a remote computing system via a cellular network responsive to determining that a connection to a local wireless network cannot be established and generating a control signal for HVAC equipment based on the control input or generating a control signal for HVAC equipment by executing a backup control algorithm responsive to determining that a connection to a local wireless network cannot be established.

Abstract: An air conditioner and control method therefor to solve the problem that an existing air conditioner stops operation upon detection of an operation parameter abnormality situation, causing the user experience to be significantly influenced. For this reason, the air conditioner includes a compressor. The control method includes: obtaining an outdoor ambient temperature; determining a first preset time period according to the outdoor ambient temperature; obtaining operation parameters of the compressor after the first preset time period; and selectively stopping operation of the air conditioner according to the operation parameters of the compressor, so that the air conditioner can be automatically repaired within the first preset time period. If the air conditioner can be automatically repaired within the first preset time period, the air conditioner does not need to stop operation, so as to guarantee a continuous heat exchange capability of the air conditioner and not to cause an operation failure.

Abstract: A method for distributing a set of air purification devices in a target space comprising: accessing a void volume representing the target space; accessing a set of observed parameter data streams recorded by a set of air sensors with the target space during an observation period, the set of observed parameter data streams comprising a set of pollutant concentration data streams of a pollutant, a set of air speed data streams, and a set of air direction data streams; simulating a distribution of the pollutant in the void volume reproducing the set of observed parameter data streams based on the set of observed parameter data streams; accessing a set of device characteristics for a set of air purification devices to be deployed within the target space; and calculating a set of device positions in the void volume based on the distribution of the pollutant and the set of device characteristics.

Abstract: A heat pump and a method for operating a heat pump are provided. The heat pump may include an outdoor unit including a compressor that compresses a refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a hybrid unit including at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant supplied from the outdoor unit and a fluid, such as water, and at least one refrigerant control valve that controls an amount of refrigerant flowing through the at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger, a plurality of indoor units each including an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the fluid supplied from the hybrid unit and indoor air, and a controller. The controller may calculate operation loads of the plurality of indoor units and control an opening degree of the at least one refrigerant control value based on the operation loads of the plurality of indoor units.

Abstract: A thermal control system includes a housing defining an intake flow path for travel of intake airflow and an exhaust flow path for travel of exhaust airflow. An intake door is disposed along the intake flow path and has first and second positions blocking and allowing intake airflow through the intake door. An exhaust door is disposed along the exhaust flow path and has first and second positions blocking and allowing exhaust airflow through the exhaust door. A mode door is disposed in the housing between the intake flow path and the exhaust flow path with a first position blocking the intake airflow and allowing the exhaust airflow to pass through a heat exchanger, a second position blocking the exhaust airflow and allowing the intake airflow to pass through the heat exchanger, and a third position allowing the intake airflow and the exhaust airflow to pass through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner including a main body, a panel assembly configured to cover a front surface of the main body and coupled to the main body, and a cam assembly including a cam and disposed below the panel assembly, wherein the cam includes a cam contact surface formed along a rotation direction of the cam, the cam contact surface includes a first contact portion and a second contact portion formed to be in contact with the panel assembly at different heights, and the panel assembly is configured to be detachable from the main body by moving up and down with the rotation of the cam.

Abstract: The cooling systems and methods of the present disclosure involve modular fluid coolers and chillers configured for optimal power and water use based on environmental conditions and client requirements. The fluid coolers include wet media, a first fluid circuit for distributing fluid across wet media, an air to fluid heat exchanger, and an air to refrigerant heat exchanger. The chillers, which are fluidly coupled to the fluid coolers via pipe cages, include a second fluid circuit in fluid communication with the air to fluid heat exchanger and a refrigerant circuit in thermal communication with the second fluid circuit and in fluid communication with the air to refrigerant heat exchanger. Pipe cages are coupled together to allow for expansion of the cooling system when additional cooling capacity is needed. The fluid coolers and chillers are configured to selectively operate in wet or dry free cooling mode, partial free cooling mode, or mechanical cooling mode.

Abstract: A fluid heating system for heating a production fluid using a thermal transfer fluid, the production fluid being contained in a vessel includes an electric blower configured to receive ambient air and electrical input power and to provide output source air, a combustion system configured to receive the source air from the electric blower and to receive fuel and to provide the thermal transfer fluid, a heat exchanger configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the combustion system and configured to provide heat exchange from the thermal transfer fluid to the production fluid, and to provide output exhaust gas, and wherein the electric fan provides a predetermined volume flow rate of the output source air at a predetermined blower efficiency such that the fluid heating system has a Bulk Heat Flux of at least about 14.7 kBTU/Hr/ft2 and a Pressure Drop of at least about 0.7 psi.