Abstract: The present invention discloses a high-precision and miniaturized on-orbit calibration device for a six-dimensional force sensor of a space station manipulator and a calibration method thereof, which include an inverted ? shape fixing bracket, three force applying devices, and a cubic stress block. Each force applying device includes a force applying head, a single axis force sensor, a force source part and a fastening part. The force source part includes an upper support plate, a second electrode plate, piezoelectric ceramic plates, a first electrode plate and a lower support plate, which are coaxially arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The single axis force sensor is mounted on the top of the upper support plate, and the hemispherical force applying head is mounted on the top of the single axis force sensor. The cubic stress block is mounted on the top of the six-dimensional force sensor.

Abstract: A method for detecting an error state when aspirating a liquid to identify whether a pre-determined volume of liquid was aspirated. The method including: immersing a tip of an aspiration needle in the liquid, aspirating a predetermined partial volume of the liquid in the aspiration needle, continuously acquiring a sensor signal curve, which indicates a pressure in the aspiration needle, during an overall time period, detecting the error state in the case that the sensor signal falls below a first threshold value during the predetermined time period, characterized by providing a reference signal curve, determining a deviation measure, which indicates a deviation of the sensor signal curve from the reference signal curve during the further time period, providing a predetermined second threshold value, detecting the error state as a function of the deviation measure and the second threshold value.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: an exterior body; a pressure-sensitive sensor having a sensing face; and a support supporting the pressure-sensitive sensor such that inner faces the exterior body is opposed to the sensing face.

Abstract: A specification of a honeycomb based crash barrier including a cell is received in a computer system. The cell contains trapped air. A model representing the honeycomb based crash barrier is generated. The trapped air in the cell is represented as a compressible element, which is characterized by a force-deflection relationship between an air pressure in the cell and a crush-distance of a compression of the cell. Physical behaviors of the honeycomb based crash barrier are simulated using the model. The physical behaviors include numerical behaviors of the trapped air based on the force-deflection relationship.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solution for how to measure the strain in a washer mounted in a bolt assembly comprising a bolt, nut and washer. The invention concerns a strain measuring washer assembly comprising a plate shaped washer body, sound emitting means and sound detecting means, and a method for using such.

Abstract: Disclosed are pressure sensors including a die and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mounted on a top surface of a substrate. The pressure sensor can define an inner volume and a bottom opening configured to abut the substrate. The die and ASIC are mounted on the top surface of the substrate within the inner volume. The substrate defines a first aperture therethrough and the die defines a second aperture therethrough in a direction along an axis perpendicular to the substrate, the first aperture and the second aperture being aligned. Metallic barrier(s) disposed on a bottom surface of the substrate, circumferentially about the first aperture, can be at least partially coated with solder mask to reduce or prevent flow of unwanted materials past the metallic barriers and through the first aperture. The substrate can include electrical connection pads on the bottom surface configured to be in communication with a daughter board.

Abstract: Methods and devices to mitigate time varying impairments in sensors are described. The application of such methods and devices to pressure sensors facing time varying parasitic capacitances due to water droplets is detailed. Benefits of auto-zeroing technique as adopted in disclosed devices is also described.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the operation of vibrating equipment, such as a vibrating screen unit or vibrating feeder. The vibrating equipment includes a series of mounting springs that support the body on a stationary support structure. The system includes a plurality of sensors that are positioned to detect vibrating forces on one or more of the mounting springs. Each of the sensors generates a monitoring signal that is received by a control unit. The monitoring signals are a measure of the resonance frequency of the mounting springs. The control unit is operable to compare the monitoring signals from the sensors to expected, normal values such that the control unit is able to determine whether the mounting springs are functioning in a normal manner or whether a problem exists. The control unit is further able to monitor the operation of the vibrating equipment through the analysis of the monitoring signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for, and wearing parts to be used in a method for, condition based preventive maintenance (PM) or predictive maintenance (Pd M) based on detecting excessive wear of a wearing part which wearing part either consists primarily of, or is covered at least partially by a sliding layer consisting primarily of, a polymer material and which wearing part comprises one or more optical fibers which in the proximal end is connected to a proximal light detecting device and in the distal to a distal end light detecting device.

Abstract: A system for vibration inspection of a vehicle for inspecting a quality of the vehicle assembled in a vehicle factory's in-line may include an inspection table for guiding and fixing the vehicle to a predetermined inspection position, a sensor detachable robot configured for attaching or detaching vibration sensors to various parts of the vehicle, a vibrating robot configured of generating vibration for the vibration inspection of the vehicle, and an inspection server that analyzes the vibration signal received from the vibration sensor during the vibration inspection of the vehicle, and determines the vehicle to be in inspection pass if the vibration signal matches the normal signal set according to a natural vibration frequency characteristic of each part of the vehicle, and determines the vehicle to be in inspection fail if the vibration signal does not match the normal signal.

Abstract: A tire testing device includes a carriage configured to rotatably hold a test wheel provided with a test tire and being capable of travelling on a base along a road surface in a state where the test wheel is made to contact the road surface, and a driving system configured to drive the test wheel and the carriage. The driving system includes a carriage driving part configured to drive the carriage with respect to the road surface in a predetermined speed, a test wheel driving part configured to drive the test wheel in a rotating speed corresponding to the predetermined speed, a driving part configured to generate power to be used to drive the carriage and the test wheel, and a power distributing part configured to distribute power generated by the driving part to the carriage driving part and the test wheel driving part.

Abstract: In an exemplary method of monitoring performance of a fluid driven actuator for a valve, pressurized fluid is supplied through an actuator supply line to an inlet port of the actuator during a first time period to operate the actuator from a normal position to an actuated position. Pressure changes corresponding to a fluid flow condition in the actuator supply line are measured during the first time period, with the measured pressure changes defining a valve cycle pressure profile including a first inflection point corresponding to movement of the actuator from the normal position to the actuated position. The valve cycle pressure profile is analyzed to identify a non-compliant condition in at least one of the valve and the actuator. An output communicating the identified non-compliant condition is then generated.

Abstract: Device for testing the sealing of at least one system for insulating two mediums in a sealed manner, the system including a flange and a sealed door mounted in the flange, the test device including a casing including an inflatable seal intended to contact, in the inflated state, with the system and to ensure a sealing enabling the definition of a test volume between the system and the casing, a pneumatic pump and a pneumatic circuit configured to connect, in a first step, the pump to the inflatable seal such that the pump inflates the inflatable seal, and in a second step the pump to the test volume such that the pump generates in the test volume a pressure at a given value, and sensor for measuring the pressure in the test volume.

Abstract: In one embodiment, systems and methods include using a pressure measurement and leak test tool to measure the internal pressure of a container. A pressure measurement and leak test tool comprises a first side, a second side, a top end, a bottom end, and a front surface. The first and second side are disposed along the same plane opposite from each other, wherein the top and bottom end are coupled to the first and second side, wherein the top and bottom end are disposed opposite from each other, wherein the front surface is disposed on an edge defined by the first side, the top end, the second side, and the bottom end. The pressure measurement and leak test tool further comprises an electrical connector disposed on the top end, a power switch disposed on the front surface, and an information handling system comprising a display disposed in the front surface.

Abstract: A structure displacement amount measurement apparatus includes: an acquiring unit configured to acquire a displacement amount caused on a structure by a weight of a vehicle traveling on the structure along a time series; an estimating unit configured to estimate a section in which displacement is caused based on time-series data of the displacement amount; a detecting unit configured to detect a feature value of change in displacement amount within the estimated section; a determining unit configured to determine whether or not the estimated section is a section of displacement due to a weight of a single vehicle based on the detected feature value; and an extracting unit configured to extract a displacement amount from the time-series data within a section of displacement due to a weight of a single vehicle based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for detecting anomalies in a plurality of sensor recordings of a technical system. The method includes: ascertaining a first anomalous value which, with regard to all sensor recordings of the plurality of sensor recordings, characterizes whether or not an anomaly is present; ascertaining a plurality of second anomalous values, each second anomalous value corresponding to a sensor recording of the plurality of sensor recordings, and with regard to the sensor recording characterizing whether or not an anomaly is present in other sensor recordings of the plurality of sensor recordings; detecting an anomaly in a sensor recording if the first anomalous value characterizes the presence of an anomaly, and the second anomalous value corresponding to the sensor recording characterizes no anomaly, and the second anomalous value differs beyond a predefined extent from other second anomalous values of the plurality of second anomalous values.

Abstract: An evaluation method and an evaluation device for evaluating a health state of well site equipment, and a storage medium are provided. The evaluation method for evaluating the health state of the well site equipment includes: obtaining operating parameters of a component to be tested of equipment to be tested in at least one dimension, the at least one dimension including an operating data dimension, an environmental data dimension, and a maintenance data dimension; obtaining evaluation values of a health state of the component to be tested in various dimensions based on the operating parameters of the various dimensions; obtaining a comprehensive evaluation value of the health state of the component to be tested based on the evaluation values of the health state of the component to be tested in the various dimensions.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an apparatus and methods for applying X-ray reflectometry (XRR) in characterizing three dimensional nanostructures supported on a flat substrate with a miniscule sampling area and a thickness in nanometers. In particular, this disclosure is targeted for addressing the difficulties encountered when XRR is applied to samples with intricate nanostructures along all three directions, e.g. arrays of nanostructured poles or shafts. Convergent X-ray with long wavelength, greater than that from a copper anode of 0.154 nm and less than twice of the characteristic dimensions along the film thickness direction, is preferably used with appropriate collimations on both incident and detection arms to enable the XRR for measurements of samples with limited sample area and scattering volumes. In one embodiment, the incident angle of the long-wavelength focused X-ray is ?24°, and the sample area is ?25 ?m×25 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments include chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is provided. The medical device can include a graphene varactor, including a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through electrostatic interactions between a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms of one or more hydrocarbons of the self-assembled monolayer and a ?-electron system of graphene. The self-assembled monolayer can include one or more substituted porphyrins or substituted metalloporphyrins, or derivatives thereof. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: A method for making a plasmonic mushroom array includes: forming a plurality of metal nano-islands each having nanometer-range dimensions on a surface of a glass substrate; and subjecting to the glass substrate having the plurality of metal nano-islands formed thereon to reactive ion etching such that the plurality of metal nano-islands are converted to a plurality of mushroom-shaped structures each having a metal cap supported by a pillar made of a material of the glass substrate and each having dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the nano-islands, the plurality of mushroom-shaped structures being arranged in a substantially regular pattern with intervals smaller than average intervals between the nano-islands, thereby forming the plurality of nano-scale mushroom-shaped structures on the glass substrate that can exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract: An automatic sampling system (100) and an automated sampling method take samples of a rubber strip after shaping and while scrolling in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: An automated control system including an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an input device. The UAV includes: a sensor, a receiver; and memory. The memory includes a task association data including one or more tasks for execution by the UAV. The input device includes a tagging block. The tagging block allows an operator to tag an object of interest and send a tag regarding the object of interest to the UAV, via the receiver, wherein the object of interest is located within a visual field of the UAV. The sensor processes data within the visual field and the input device is configured to communicate the object of interest from the visual field tagged by the operator. The task is selected from the task association data and the UAV executes the task with respect to the object of interest from the visual field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for evaluating an injection physical property of a plastic resin, and a polyethylene resin suitable for an injection molding process and, more particularly, to a novel method for evaluating an injection physical property of a plastic resin, which, when a particular plastic resin is processed by an injection process, can accurately derive injection suitability of the plastic resin and injection pressure in the injection process through a physical property value measured by using a resin specimen, and a polyethylene resin suitable for injection molding.

Abstract: A method of liquid characterisation using an optical characterisation system. The optical characterisation system comprises an optical element comprising a light source and light detector, and defining a light path extending between the light source and light detector. The detector resolves light intensities at varying wavelengths. The system also comprises a liquid container and a photonic crystal attached to the first container surface and facing the interior. The method comprises: recording a first transmission spectrum, wherein at least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path, and the interior intercepts the light path before the photonic crystal, and recording a second transmission spectrum. At least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path. The photonic crystal intercepts the light path before the interior.

Abstract: A device, system and method for the detection and screening of plastic microparticles in a sample is disclosed. A nanoporous silicon nitride membrane is used to entrap plastic microparticles contained in the sample. The sample may be a water sample, an air sample, or other liquid or gas sample. The entrapped plastic microparticles are then heated or otherwise processed on the nanoporous silicon nitride membrane. An imaging system observes the nanoporous silicon nitride membrane with the entrapped plastic microparticles to determine the type and quantity of the various plastic microparticles that are entrapped on the membrane.

Abstract: A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes an optical sensor that is configured to measure optical properties in the enclosed chamber. A controller operates the optical sensor and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber based on the optical properties measured by the optical sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a method for generating a real-time permeability log. Historical mud gas-permeability data is received from previously-drilled and logged wells. The historical mud gas-permeability data identifies relationships between gas measurements obtained during drilling and permeability determined after drilling. A formation hydrocarbon mobility model is trained using machine learning and the historical mud gas data. Real-time gas measurements are obtained during drilling of a new well. A real-time permeability log is generated for the new well using the formation hydrocarbon mobility model and real-time gas measurements.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a particle sorter with a droplet deflector configured to apply a known offset deflection force to a droplet stream. Particle sorters according to certain embodiments include a flow cell, a light source, e.g., laser, for irradiating an interrogation point of the flow cell, a detector for detecting light from the interrogation point, a droplet generator for producing a droplet stream from fluid exiting the flow cell and a droplet deflector configured to apply a known offset deflection force to the droplet stream. In some cases, the droplet deflector comprises first and second plates configured to be offset from one another. Methods and particle sorting modules for applying a known offset deflection force are also provided.

Abstract: An air quality sensor system is disclosed comprising a housing defining a sidewall means. An air input is located on a first sidewall of the sidewall means with an air output located on a second sidewall of the sidewall means angularly disposed relative to the first sidewall of the sidewall means. A particle sensor including a fan is located within the housing and interposed between the air input and the output for sensing the number of particles passing between the air input and the air output. Preferably, a temperature and humidity sensor, a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor and a carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor are provided for sensing the ambient air. A transmitter may be included for transmitting data from the particle sensor.

Abstract: An electro-optical device for taking flow measurements includes a measurement tank through which a flow of fluid to be characterized flows, at least first and second guns for emitting light having separate spectra, a triggering gun allowing diffraction to be measured at small angles and a receiving gun allowing a measurement of attenuation and at least one fluorescence to be taken. The first emitting gun includes a light source defining a main optical axis perpendicular to the fluid flow, and the second emitting gun includes a second light source defining a secondary optical axis substantially orthogonal to the main optical axis and fluid flow. The first and second emitting guns are placed on one side of the measurement tank, the receiving gun is placed on the other side of the measurement tank along the main optical axis and the triggering gun is placed on the other side of the tank.

Abstract: Techniques for processing ore include the steps of causing an imaging capture system to record a plurality of images of a stream of ore fragments en route from a first location in an ore processing facility to a second location in the ore processing facility; correlating the plurality of images of the stream of ore fragments with at least one or more characteristics of the ore fragments using a machine learning model that includes a plurality of ore parameter measurements associated with the one or more characteristics of the ore fragments; determining, based on the correlation, at least one of the one or more characteristics of the ore fragments; and generating, for display on a user computing device, data indicating the one or more characteristics of the ore fragments or data indicating an action or decision based on the one or more characteristics of the ore fragments.

Abstract: An accelerated corrosion test apparatus includes: a moisture sensor disposed near the reinforcing steel exposed from a cracked portion of concrete; a weight measuring instrument that measures a weight of the reinforced concrete specimen; and a control terminal that is connected both to the moisture sensor and to the weight measuring instrument and controls a temperature and humidity control device, thereby alternately and repeatedly performing a wetting step of supplying moisture to the inside of a crack in the cracked concrete, and a drying step of removing moisture in the inside of the crack and moisture on the exposed surface of the reinforcing steel, wherein the control terminal terminates the wetting step and starts the drying step when moisture is detected in the moisture sensor, or when change in slope of weight change of the reinforced concrete specimen is detected, after the start of the wetting step.

Abstract: Any one or both of an optical system with a structured lighting pattern and a structured detecting system having a plurality of regions with different optical characteristics are used. In addition, optical signals from an object to be observed through one or a small number of pixel detectors are detected while changing relative positions between the object to be observed and any one of the optical system and the detecting system, time series signal information of the optical signals are obtained, and an image associated with an object to be observed from the time series signal information is reconstructed.

Abstract: A system is used to excite an object at a vibration frequency, in order to induce stationary or travelling waves having the vibration frequency on the surface of the object. An optical interferometer is configured to use optical interference to determine vibration amplitude and phase data of the stationary or travelling wave at each of a plurality of points on the surface, relative to a reference phase. A processing system is used to apply a spatial derivative filter to the vibration phase data, and the resulting spatial-derivative-of-phase data is processed to determine a property of the object, and is further processed to generate graphical-representation data for outputting on a display device.

Abstract: An optical inspection apparatus includes a stage that supports a target substrate, the target substrate including a plurality of light emitting elements, a jig that applies an electrical signal to the target substrate, the jig including a regulation resistor, a microscope that generates magnified image data of the target substrate, a camera that captures the magnified image data to generate a color image of the target substrate, and an optical measurement unit that captures the magnified image data of the target substrate to generate a spectrum image and measure optical characteristics of the target substrate.

Abstract: A blood sample collector can be used to collect a blood sample from a subject. The blood sample collector can be placed in a receptacle of a spectrometer to measure spectral data from the blood sample while the blood sample separates. The container may comprise a window to allow light such as infrared light to pass through the container, with the blood sample at least partially separating within the container between spectral measurements, which can provide improved accuracy of the measurements and additional information regarding the sample. The container may comprise an elongate axis and the container configured for placement in the spectrometer receptacle with the elongate axis extending toward a vertical direction in order to improve gravimetric separation of the blood sample. The spectrometer can be configured to measure the blood sample at a plurality of heights along the sample as the sample separates.

Abstract: A method is for determining the quality of an animal's semen. The method includes the steps of collecting at least one fresh or frozen semen sample, and measuring at least one absorption spectrum Xj of at least one sample of the semen. The sample is collected to a straw for artificial insemination with animal semen obtained by implementing the method. A computer and software are used for the implementation of the method.

Abstract: A system includes a tunable Fabry-Perot etalon, a detector, and a processor. The tunable Fabry-Perot etalon has a settable gap. The detector measures light intensity transmitted through the tunable Fabry-Perot etalon. The processor is configured to determine the calibrated spectral measurement, wherein the calibrated spectral measurement is based at least in part on a measurement set of detected light intensities for a selected set of settable gaps and a reconstruction matrix. The reconstruction matrix is based at least in part on calibration measurements using one or more field material targets, prior stored full calibrations for each of the one or more field material targets, and the selected set of settable gaps.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical detection system for detecting a decomposition product of a high-voltage device, including: a measurement gas chamber and a measurement host. The measurement gas chamber is disposed on the high-voltage device and is in communication with a gas chamber of the high-voltage device, a collimator and a reflector are disposed on two sides of the measurement gas chamber respectively, and the measurement host is connected to the collimator. The collimator is used for emitting measurement laser to the measurement gas chamber according to a laser signal sent by the measurement host, and receiving reflected laser from the reflector and transmitting the reflected laser to the measurement host. In the present invention, data collection and backhaul between a measurement host and a measurement gas chamber are implemented through a laser signal, thus avoiding electromagnetic interference and improving the safety of measurement for a high-voltage device.

Abstract: In an embodiment a beam-guiding cavity structure includes at least one first curved surface, one second curved surface and one third curved surface spanning a cavity, the first-third curved surfaces respectively having at least one first focal point and one second focal point, wherein the cavity is configured such that substantially no distance is laterally formed between the first focal point of the first curved surface and the second focal point of the second curved surface, wherein the cavity is further configured such that substantially no distance is laterally formed between the first focal point of the second curved surface and the second focal point of the third curved surface, wherein the first focal point of the second curved surface is arranged next to a connecting line of the first and second focal points of the first curved surface, wherein the first focal point of the third curved surface is arranged next to a connecting line of the first and second focal points of the second curved surface, and

Abstract: Active FTIR spectroscopy systems and methods for quantitative measurements of concentrations of chemical targets, such as gas, liquid and solid chemical targets, in an open-path measuring arrangement and a method of extracting an effective illumination spectrum of IR light illuminating chemical targets arranged in an open-path measuring arrangement.

Abstract: In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting photothermal effect in a sample are described herein. In these systems and methods, a pump source is configured to generate a pump pulse train, a probe source is configured to generate a probe pulse train and is synchronized with the pump pulse train, and a camera collects the resulting data. The camera is configured to collect a first signal corresponding to a hot frame, wherein the hot frame includes visible probe beam as modified by a pump beam and a second signal corresponding to a cold frame, wherein the cold frame includes visible probe beam that has not been modified by a pump beam. A processor can subtract the second signal from the first signal to detect the photothermal effect.

Abstract: A terahertz light detector includes: a light reception unit that receives terahertz light from a measured object; a pulse laser that generates pulse light; an optical member which the pulse light enters; and a control unit that controls the energy of the pulse light which enters the optical member, wherein the optical member has anomalous dispersion, and the light reception unit outputs a signal that is dependent on an intensity of terahertz light when the pulse light emitted from the optical member enters the light reception unit.

Abstract: A process analyzer adapter includes: a first part connectable to a process analyzer, the first part being rotatable about a first axis; a second part; and a third part. The first part is rotationally connected to the second part. The second part is rotationally connected to the third part. The second part is rotatable about a second axis, rotation of the second part about the second axis tilting the first axis. The third part is connectable to a flange of an industrial process equipment.

Abstract: A cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) system is provided that utilizes collimators the incorporate gradient index (GRIN) lenses in lieu of conventional spherical or aspheric refractive lenses. The use of smaller diameter GRIN lenses facilitates a reduced initial beam size entering the sample cavity, which reduces self-interference noise and increases a signal to noise ratio of the measurements. Further, a reduced size and mass of the GRIN lens can reduce a size of the mounting hardware utilized to mount the optical components, which enables more laser beams to be coupled to a single gas cell compared to a similar gas cell integrated with conventional refractive collimators. A larger number of lasers enables more gas peaks to be measured substantially simultaneously using the CEAS system.

Abstract: A refractive index distribution estimating system includes an illumination optical system configured to illuminate a sample, an imaging optical system configured to form an optical sample image, an image sensor configured to capture optical images of the sample, and a processor configured to reconstruct a refractive index distribution of the sample from images.

Abstract: A system for use in imaging through diffusive media is presented. The system comprising: an imaging unit comprising light source unit comprising light source(s) providing coherent illumination with selected wavelength range, and a spatial light modulator configured for selectively varying spatial pattern of wavefront of light generated by the light source(s); a collection unit comprising detector array(s) and located next to said light source unit for collecting light reflected from a sample illuminated by said light source unit. And a control system comprising processing unit(s) and connected to said light source unit and said collection unit, said control system is configured for selectively varying spatial pattern of wavefront of light generated by the light source(s) in accordance with spatial pattern of light collected by said detector array(s) of the collection unit to satisfy a reflectance condition indicative of relation between wavefront spatial pattern and collected light spatial pattern.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for complex imaging reflectometry and refractometry using at least partially coherent light. Quantitative images yield spatially-dependent, local material information about a sample of interest. These images may provide material properties such as chemical composition, the thickness of chemical layers, dopant concentrations, mixing between layers of a sample, reactions at interfaces, etc. An incident beam of VUV wavelength or shorter is scattered off of a sample and imaged at various angles, wavelengths, and/or polarizations. The power of beam is also measured. This data is used to obtain images of a sample's absolute, spatially varying, complex reflectance or transmittance, which is then used to determine spatially-resolved, depth-dependent sample material properties.

Abstract: A compact diffuse optical tomography system for generating a functional image of a lesion region is provided. The system includes a source subsystem, a probe, a detection subsystem, and a computing device. The source subsystem includes laser diodes and a laser diode driver board. The probe is configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region. The detection subsystem includes a miniaturized detection board and a miniaturized data acquisition board. The miniaturized detection board includes a photomultiplier tube configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to electrical signals. The miniaturized data acquisition board is configured to convert electrical signals outputted by the miniaturized detection board to digital signals. The computing device is configured to receive the digital signals, reconstruct the functional image, and display the functional image.