Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchanger and a water heating apparatus. The heat exchange pipe comprises: a pipe body and a plurality of fins fixedly disposed to sleeve the pipe body; a flow guiding structure is provided at a partial outer edge of the fin; and a flow guiding flue is formed between the flow guiding structure and an outer wall of the pipe body. The heat exchange pipe, the heat exchanger and the water heating apparatus provided by the present disclosure can improve the flue gas flow path and the heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: Various implementations include a water heater system. The system includes a variable speed pump. The variable speed pump has having an inlet and an outlet. The system includes a heat exchanger, having an inlet and an outlet. The heat exchanger outlet is fluidically connected to the variable speed pump inlet. The system includes an output temperature sensor disposed downstream of the heat exchanger outlet. The system includes a controller configured to receive a first temperature reading from the output temperature sensor. The controller is configured to control operation of the variable speed pump to adjust an output flow rate in response to the first temperature reading. The controller is further configured to receive a second temperature reading from a recovery temperature sensor on a storage tank. The controller is configured to turn off the variable speed pump upon a determination that the second temperature reading has reached a maximum temperature.

Abstract: A heater system includes a heater bundle. The heater bundle includes a plurality of heater assemblies. Each heater assembly includes a plurality of heater units and an insulating material, and each heater unit defines at least one independently controlled heating zone. The heater bundle includes power conductors electrically connected to each of the independently controlled heating zones in each of the heater units. The heater bundle includes a power supply device configured to modulate power to each of the independently controlled heater zones of the heater units through the power conductors. A voltage is selectively supplied to each of the independently controlled heating zones such that a reduced number of independently controlled heating zones receives the voltage at a time or at least a subset of the independently controlled heating zones receive a reduced voltage at all times.

Abstract: Solar photovoltaic window blind slats for power generation from internal and external light sources are provided are provided. A plurality of solar cells are attached to at least two sides of a slat core. Distributed maximum power point tracking optimizer components are associated with each solar cell. The solar cells and corresponding distributed maximum power point tracking optimizer components on each slat side are connected in electrical series.

Abstract: A geothermal heat utilization system includes a first well having a first upper opening and a first lower opening, and a second well having a second upper opening and a second lower opening. The geothermal heat utilization system further includes a first pipe, a second pipe, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger. The geothermal heat utilization system is capable of supplying underground water of an upper aquifer from the first upper opening to the second upper opening via the first pipe, and the geothermal heat utilization system is capable of supplying underground water of a lower aquifer from the second lower opening to the first lower opening via the second pipe.

Abstract: A temperature regulation device includes: a first temperature regulation unit that regulates a temperature of a liquid; and a second temperature regulation unit that regulates a temperature of the liquid supplied from the first temperature regulation unit. The first temperature regulation unit includes: a first flow path module having a first flow path of the liquid; and a base module that regulates a temperature of the liquid of the first flow path. The second temperature regulation unit includes: a second flow path module having a second flow path in which the liquid from the first flow path flows; and a Peltier module that regulates a temperature of the liquid of the second flow path. The base module regulates a temperature of the Peltier module.

Abstract: A radiative cooling film and a product thereof are provided. The radiative cooling film includes a carrier layer, a reflective layer and an emissive layer stacked together. A light shines on the radiative cooling film from the emissive layer. The emissive layer includes a polymer containing a C—F bond. The carrier layer includes a polymer containing at least one of a C—C bond and a C—O bond. After disposing at 120 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes, a transverse direction heat-shrinkage rate of the carrier layer is less than or equal to 2%, and a machine direction heat-shrinkage rate of the carrier layer is less than or equal to 3%. A thickness of the radiative cooling film is in a range of 50 m to 170 ?m, and a thickness of the emissive layer accounts for 20% to 90% of the thickness of the radiative cooling film.

Abstract: A reversible thermal management device for a motor vehicle includes a refrigerant fluid circuit containing a main loop which has, successively, a compressor, an internal condenser, a first expansion device and an external evaporator/condenser. The device also has a three bypass branches. The third bypass branch has a heat exchanger. The device further includes a device for redirecting the refrigerant fluid coming from the internal condenser towards the first expansion device or the first bypass branch, a stop valve for the refrigerant fluid, arranged on the main loop, a first check valve arranged on the second bypass branch to block the refrigerant fluid coming from the internal condenser, a second check valve arranged on the main loop to block the refrigerant fluid coming from the evaporator/condenser, and a device for redirecting fluid coming from the first expansion device towards the heat exchanger of the third bypass branch or the evaporator/condenser.

Abstract: A multi-step method is disclosed for exchanging heat in a vapor compression heat transfer system having a working fluid circulating therethrough. The method includes the step of circulating a working fluid comprising a fluoroolefin to an inlet of a first tube of an internal heat exchanger, through the internal heat exchanger and to an outlet thereof. Also disclosed are vapor compression heat transfer systems for exchanging heat. The systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a dual-row condenser and an intermediate heat exchanger having a first tube and a second tube. A disclosed system involves a dual-row condenser connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes. Another disclosed system involves a dual-row evaporator connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes.

Abstract: A dual reclaim coil with a smart control application is provided that allows the refrigerant inlet to the HVAC unit switch between the two sides of the condenser for heat reclaim for refrigerants such as CO2 which have a relatively low critical temperature compared to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants. Heat reclaim after the exit of gas from the condenser utilizes the high temperature and pressure of the condenser/gas cooler outlet while a CO2 refrigerant system is operating above critical point. This occurs in hot ambient conditions, when the need for heating in the space is not as great as in the wintertime and the available heat at the condenser/gas cooler's outlet is sufficient to satisfy the heating load. When the CO2 refrigerant system is operating below the critical point, heat reclaim is carried out at the compressor discharge.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor. A first refrigerant path flows through a first expansion valve, first evaporator inlet, within the evaporator, and out of the evaporator through a first evaporator outlet. A second refrigerant path flows through a second expansion valve, a second evaporator inlet, within the evaporator, and out of the evaporator through a second evaporator outlet. Refrigerant flows from the condenser to the first refrigerant path and the second refrigerant path, and from the first refrigerant path and the second refrigerant path to the compressor.

Abstract: A stator assembly, an electronic expansion valve, and a refrigeration device are provided. The stator assembly has a housing, a coil assembly and a fixing member. An outer surface of the housing is provided with an installation opening. The coil assembly is provided in the housing, and has a shell for mounting a coil. The fixing member is inserted through the installation opening to be fixedly connected with the shell, and the is configured to connect with the conducting tube of the electronic expansion valve to electrically conduct the shell and the conducting tube.

Abstract: An oil separator is provided and includes an exterior shell defining a first interior and first and second openings fluidly communicative with the first interior, a distributor and first and second filter media cartridges. The distributor is integrated within the exterior shell to define a second interior within the first interior, has a length, which is slightly less than that of the exterior shell, being disposed to define opposite spaces between opposites ends thereof and opposite ends of the exterior shell and is sealed to the exterior shell along the length to form first and second passageways from the first opening to the opposite spaces. The first and second filter media cartridges are disposed within the first interior between the opposite spaces and the second opening.

Abstract: A non-stop defrosting multi-connected hot water system and a control method. Heat is recovered by utilizing the characteristic of a phase-change heat storage module that can store heat, and then the heat is released during defrosting. In a defrosting process, modes of a hydraulic module and an indoor unit are not changed, and a four-way valve is not reversed, so as to avoid the influence of the defrosting process on an indoor ambient temperature and a water temperature of the hydraulic module, and avoid the condition where a liquid refrigerant generated in the defrosting process does not evaporate and directly flows back into a compressor which causes liquid return of the compressor, thus improving the reliability of the overall operation of the system.

Abstract: An adiabatic cooling system includes a condenser coil and one or more adiabatic pads positioned such that intake air for the adiabatic cooling system passes through the pads prior to contacting the condenser coil. The adiabatic cooling system includes a vibration device attached to each adiabatic pad. A controller is communicatively coupled to the vibration device for each of the adiabatic pads. The controller determines that cleaning of the adiabatic pads is needed. In response to detecting cleaning is needed, the controller causes the vibration device attached to each adiabatic pad to vibrate, thereby causing debris in the one or more adiabatic pads to become loosened and/or removed from the adiabatic pads.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a thermal management device comprising an indirect air-conditioning circuit (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising: a first refrigerant loop (A) comprising, in the direction of flow of the refrigerant, a compressor (3), a two-fluid heat exchanger (5), a first expansion device (7), a first heat exchanger (9) arranged inside a first heating, ventilation and air-conditioning device (X), a second expansion device (11), a second heat exchanger (13), and a first bypass duct (30) comprising a first stop valve (33), a first inner heat exchanger (19), a second inner heat exchanger (19?), a second bypass duct (40) comprising a third expansion device (17) arranged upstream from a first cooler (15), a third bypass duct (80) comprising a first additional heat exchanger (9?) arranged in a second heating, ventilation and air-conditioning device (Y), a second heat transfer fluid loop (B).

Abstract: An icemaker appliance includes a first reservoir, a second reservoir, a first circulation system associated with the first reservoir, and a second circulation system associated with the second reservoir. Liquid in the first reservoir is directed toward a first set of ice molds and liquid from the second reservoir is directed toward a second set of ice molds. Liquid in the first reservoir is selectively supplied to the second reservoir.

Abstract: In a method for controlling an ice maker, a motor rotates an ejector finger relative to an ice tray in a first direction and in a second direction opposite the first direction to discharge ice from the ice tray. When an error condition occurs, the ice maker enters a first error mode, during which an ice maker heater is turned on until the temperature of the ice tray reaches a predetermined temperature or until an ice maker heater error correction time elapses. When the ejector finger is at a home position, the motor rotates in the second direction until the ejector finger is not at the home position or for a first predetermined number of steps, whichever occurs first, and then rotates in the first direction until the ejector finger is at the home position.

Abstract: A low-temperature storage device includes an inner vessel, an outer vessel about the inner vessel, a thermal insulation layer between the inner vessel and the outer vessel, and a single heat exchanger in thermal communication with an interior of the inner vessel and adapted to be connected to at least one of an evaporator in a closed-loop refrigeration circuit and an open-loop evaporator for an externally-supplied cryogen. The inner vessel can be a vacuum-insulated vessel, and the heat exchanger can be an internal heat exchanger including at least two fluid circuits: a first circuit with one external connection and one internal connection into the inner vessel and the second circuit with two external connections.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a compressor that is configured to compress a refrigerant, a condenser that is configured to condense the refrigerant compressed in the compressor, an expander that is configured to depressurize the refrigerant condensed in the condenser, a first evaporator provided at one side of a refrigerator compartment, and that is configured to evaporate the refrigerant depressurized in the expander, a second evaporator provided at one side of a freezer compartment, and that is configured to evaporate the refrigerant depressurized in the expander, a valve unit provided at an outlet pipe of the condenser, and that is configured to introduce the refrigerant into at least one of the first or second evaporators, and a hot gas path that connects the valve unit to the second evaporator, and that is configured to guide flow of the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser.

Abstract: A method for controlling a refrigerator includes operating, for a set duration, a heating element of a sensor which responds to changes in air flow; sensing the temperature of the heating element in on or off state; and sensing residual frost on an evaporator on the basis of the difference in value of the temperature between a first sensed temperature, which is the lowest value, and a second sensed temperature, which is the highest value, from among the sensed temperatures of the heating element.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet configured to define a storage space, a door configured to open and close the storage space. The door includes an outer plate configured to define an outer appearance of a front surface of the door, a door liner configured to define a rear surface of the door, and a decor member configured to connect the outer plate to the door liner. The decor member includes an inorganic antibacterial agent including a metal component having antibacterial properties and a carrier on which the metal component is supported.

Abstract: A refrigerator including a main body forming a storage compartment, and a door configured to open and close the storage compartment. The door includes a door body rotatably coupled to the main body and including an insulator therein, a panel body positioned in a front of the door body, a first trim disposed at a first edge of the panel body and configured to be coupled to the door body while being rotated with respect to the door body, and a second trim disposed at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the panel body and configured to be coupled to the door body when the first trim is coupled to the door body.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes an insulated cabinet having a sidewall with a passthrough opening through the sidewall. A resilient insulating member is disposed in the passthrough opening. The resilient insulating member includes flaps that form an airtight seal between the resilient insulating member and the passthrough opening. At least one utility line extends through an aperture in the resilient insulating member. The utility line may comprise fluid conduit, electrical line, or the like that operably connect one or more components through the sidewall of the cabinet.

Abstract: A method of making a liner for an appliance is provided that includes: mixing a polymeric capping layer precursor and a pigment additive; forming the capping layer precursor and the pigment additive into a capping layer at a capping layer formation temperature; and rolling the capping layer, a barrier layer and a polymeric base layer together to form a liner, each of the capping layer, the barrier layer and the base layer at about the capping layer formation temperature. Further, the liner comprises a capping region, a barrier region and a base region, the capping region comprising the pigment additive.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet, a front panel door part, a drawer part located rearward of the front panel door part, and a connection device that is located at the front panel door part, that is configured to couple the front panel door part with the drawer part, and that is configured to transmit power from the front panel door part to the drawer part. The connection device includes an exposed portion that is exposed through the rear surface of the front panel door part and that allows a user to manipulate the connection device, and the connection device is configured to, based on a manipulation of the exposed portion of the connection device by the user, decouple the front panel door part from the drawer part.

Abstract: A refrigerator with a slide rail wiring mechanism, comprising a compartment configured to open forward, and a drawer-type door, wherein the compartment comprises a bottom wall, a rear wall and two side walls, and the drawer-type door is provided with an electrical component; the slide rail wiring mechanism comprises a cable for supplying power to the electrical component and a first wiring box fixed in the compartment; the first wiring box is formed with a first receiving portion and a second receiving portion; the cable comprises a fixed section fixed in the first receiving portion and a movable section that may be at least partially received in the second receiving portion; the second receiving portion is disposed apart from the bottom wall, the second receiving portion comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is provided with drainage holes.

Abstract: A refrigerator drawer comprises: a bracket, a first storage box disposed movably relative to the bracket a second storage box; a first door body fixedly connected to the first storage box; a second door body fixedly connected to the second storage box, both the first door body and the second door body being disposed on the same side of the first storage box, and the first door body and the second door body being engaged to open the second storage box; a lifting mechanism disposed between the first storage box and the bracket or between the first door body and the bracket, an assisting mechanism being disposed between the lifting mechanism and the bracket, the first door body driving the first storage box to move relative to the bracket, the assisting mechanism driving the lifting mechanism to bring the first storage box to rise up relative to the bracket.

Abstract: A low-temperature storage system 100 is provided, which can, with a simple structure, minimize heat transfer into the low-temperature storage chamber, reduce the operation noise, allow easy positioning of a reciprocating part inside the low-temperature storage chamber, and preclude device bulkiness outside the low-temperature storage chamber. The low-temperature storage system 100 includes a low-temperature storage chamber 110, and a transfer mechanism 120. The transfer mechanism 120 includes an in-storage unit 121 and an external unit 140. The in-storage unit 121 includes a reciprocating part 122 that holds the storage objects C, a turn guide 126 that guides the reciprocating part 122, and a lift member 131 that causes the reciprocating part 122. The external unit 140 includes a torque transmission part 141, a lift transmission part 147, and a detachable moving part 150 that drives the torque transmission part 141 and lift transmission part 147.

Abstract: A hybrid shellfish cooling system employs DC and AC cooling units using both solar power and AC electrical supply as energy sources. As temperature control and uniform temperature distribution in the cooling system are critical factors in reducing vibrio growth on raw oysters and reducing energy consumption, the system is equipped with a divider that optimizes airflow through the cooling system interior cabinet to achieve uniform temperature distribution in six individual internal compartments. Tests indicated that an average of 130 min. cooling was required to reach the suggested oyster temperatures of 7.2° C. and meet the cooling time requirement (i.e., 10 h or less). Airflow is further optimized via fan location and airflow direction, whereby configuration of a circulation fan on a lower part of the 12-volt DC section with an air supply from the 12-volt DC section to the 110-volt AC section achieves relatively uniform temperature distribution.

Abstract: A temperature sensor, a temperature measuring device comprising the temperature sensor, and a temperature measuring method using the temperature sensor are disclosed. The temperature sensor is disposed at a measurement target having an extremely low temperature and transmits temperature measurement data to a temperature measurement output unit through a lead wire. The temperature sensor includes a housing, an electric resistor disposed in the housing, and a thermal anchor portion disposed inside or outside the housing and connected to the lead wire. Further, the lead wire extending from the thermal anchor portion is connected to the temperature measurement output unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet including a storage space, a drawer door located in the storage space, the drawer door including a door part and a drawer part connected to the door part, a control panel located on an upper surface of the door part, the control panel being configured to display or manipulate a setting of the storage space, and an electric wire guide module connected to the cabinet and a rear surface of the door part to connect an electric wire in the cabinet to the control panel. The electric wire guide module includes a mounting plate, a rotation connection member rotatably mounted to the mounting plate, a guide head coupled to the rear surface of the door part, and at least one connecting member connecting the rotation connection member and the guide head, the electric wire extending through the at least one connecting member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for freezing a liquid droplet includes dispensing, by a liquid dispenser (14), a droplet (13) of liquid into a fluid chamber (10) containing a freezing fluid (12). The droplet of liquid is allowed to dwell in the freezing fluid for at least a predetermined dwell time so that the droplet of liquid freezes to a frozen droplet. The method and apparatus further includes injecting, by a gas injector (17), a stream (16) of gas transversely to a surface of the freezing fluid at about where the frozen droplet is located along the surface of the freezing fluid contained in the fluid chamber so that the frozen droplet sinks in the freezing fluid.

Abstract: Machines, systems and methods for curing materials, including organic and nonorganic materials, are described. In particular, machines, systems and methods for machines, systems and methods for materials, such as organic plant materials or inorganic materials, including cannabis materials. In particular, the present invention relates to machines, systems and methods for an automated drying and curing chamber machine for both personal and commercial applications, wherein the machine uses customized variable settings and laminar air flow dynamics via negative pressure to ensure the optimal curing and drying environment for plant materials are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding and preheating a metal charge toward a melting furnace of a melting plant, comprising at least one conveyor channel for said metal charge, at least one hood disposed above said conveyor channel and scrap detection means able to identify the profile of the metal charge entering said conveyor channel. The present invention also concerns a plant for melting metal comprising said apparatus, and a method to feed and preheat a metal charge.

Abstract: A roller for a roller hearth furnace, the roller including a water-cooled, rotatably mounted carrying axle on which a plurality of support rings are arranged at a spacing from one another. In the axial region between and next to the support rings, the carrying axle is provided with insulation composed of a fiber material and configured with protection of the outer circumference of the fiber material from the environment. In the case of insulation constructed from ring-shaped punched parts, the insulation arranged in the axial region between and next to the support rings is composed of circular or ring-shaped punched fiber parts. The protection is configured as ring-shaped insulating disks composed of a more resistant material than that of the punched fiber parts, and at least one punched fiber part is provided in each case between two insulating disks.

Abstract: Portage storage containers including controlled evaporative cooling systems are described herein. In some embodiments, a portable container including an integral controlled evaporative cooling system includes: a storage region, an evaporative region adjacent to the storage region, a desiccant region adjacent to the outside of the container, and an insulation region positioned between the evaporative region and the desiccant region. A vapor conduit with an attached vapor control unit has a first end within the evaporative region and a second end within the desiccant region. In some embodiments, the controlled evaporative cooling systems are positioned in a radial configuration within the portable container.

Abstract: A heater, especially an oilseed heater (15) comprising an insulated jacket (2) which contains a material inlet (3), a material outlet (4), a heating medium inlet (5) and an air outlet (6) and where at least one exchanger (7) for condensation of evaporation residues is arranged inside the insulated jacket (2) and connected with the source (1) of the evaporation residues.

Abstract: A compact heat exchanger assembly for a refrigeration system includes a heat rejection heat exchanger assembly and a heat absorption heat exchanger assembly. The heat rejection heat exchanger assembly includes a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger. The primary heat exchanger has a tube bank extending between a first manifold and a second manifold. The tube bank being provided with at least one bend such that the primary heat exchanger has a generally curvilinear shape. The secondary heat exchanger is disposed between the first manifold and the second manifold.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a heat-radiating fin group having a plurality of heat-radiating fins that are arranged parallel to each other in a first direction; first heat pipes, one end of each first heat pipe being configured to be thermally connected to a first heat-generating element, another end of each first heat pipe being thermally connected to the heat-radiating fin group; and second heat pipes, one end of each second heat pipe being configured to be thermally connected to a second heat-generating element, another end of each second heat pipe being thermally connected to the heat-radiating fin group, wherein respective inserted another ends of the first and second heat pipes are disposed on a plane parallel to the first direction and defined in the heat-radiating fin group and have portions parallel to the first direction.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger arrangement includes a plate pack and an outer casing surrounding the plate pack. At least one partition plate is arranged between the heat exchange plates of the plate pack, which divides the plate pack to the separate plate pack parts. The plate heat exchanger arrangement is provided with inlet and outlet connections for each plate pack part which are arranged to connect the inner parts of the plate pairs of said plate pack part. A connection pipe is arranged inside a flow passage of the plate pack part between the end plate of the outer casing and the partition plate such that a first end of the connection pipe is attached to the partition plate to form a connection to the flow passage of the plate pack part and a second end thereof extends through an end plate of the outer casing.

Abstract: A brazed plate heat exchanger (100) for exchanging heat between at least two fluids comprises several elongate heat exchanger plates (110) provided with a pressed pattern comprising depressions and elevations adapted to keep the plates on a distance from one another by contact points between the elevations and depressions of neighboring plates under formation of interplate flow channels for media to exchange heat. At least four port openings are placed in corner regions of the elongate heat exchanger plates and have selective fluid communication with the interplate flow channels such that the fluids to exchange heat will flow between port openings parallel to long sides of the elongate heat exchanger plates. A circumferential seal sealing off the interplate flow channels from communication with the surroundings is provided, and the heat exchanger plates are joined by brazing.

Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a bag-like outer packaging material. A heat medium flows into an inside of the outer packaging material via the heat medium inlet, passes through the inside, and flows out of the outer packaging material via the heat medium outlet. An inner core material is arranged in the inside of the outer packaging material. The outer packaging material has an outer packaging laminate material including a metal heat transfer layer and a resin thermal fusion layer on a surface side of the heat transfer layer. The outer packaging laminate materials form a bag shape by integrally joining the thermal fusion layers along the peripheral edge portions. The inner core material includes the inner core laminate material with a metal heat transfer layer and resin thermal fusion layers on surface sides of the heat transfer layer.

Abstract: A heat exchanger header includes a first inlet, a first passageway that fluidically connects the first inlet to a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second passageway. The second passageway fluidically connects the second inlet to a second outlet. The first inlet, the first passageway, and the first outlet are fluidically isolated from the second inlet, the second passageway, and the second outlet.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for a bipod having pivot and cant functionality built into a unified cant/pivot assembly, housing, and pivot block. Rotation of a locking knob under the housing can gradually increase or decrease friction of the cant and pivoting degrees of freedom. Sufficient loosening of the locking knob can allow a pivot block to be lifted from the housing and rotated 180°, and then retightened to lock in a given pivot position. Before this 180 rotation of the pivot block, the pivot block and hence the firearm is free to pivot up to 10°, or up to 20°, or up to 30°.

Abstract: A pistol with buffer has a frame defining an upper horizontal slide plane, having a forward muzzle end, and defining a receptacle, a slide rail module removably received in a rear portion of the frame receptacle and having a front face, a cross pin engaging the slide rail module to the frame, a buffer received in the frame receptacle and having a rear face abutting the front face of the slide rail module, and a retention portion of the slide rail module configured to contact the buffer to prevent extraction of the buffer when the slide rail module is received in the frame receptacle. The retention portion may be positioned above a selected portion of the buffer to prevent removal of the buffer from the frame when the slide rail module is engaged to the frame by the cross pin. The slide rail module may define a vertical front surface.

Abstract: An accessory facilitates loading and unloading of cartridges into a firearm magazine and includes a main body having a top end with a top opening, a bottom end with a bottom opening, a wall portions extending between the top and bottom ends and defining therebetween a body cavity in communication with the top and lower openings and also defining a front opening in communication with the body cavity. A first portion of the body cavity can receive a cartridge from the front opening and a second portion of the body cavity can receive an open end of a portion of a firearm magazine from the bottom opening. A thruster is movably coupled to the main body and mounted to the main body above the top end, and includes a plunger which is movable into and out of the first portion of the body cavity through the top opening.

Abstract: A pneumatic assembly for a projectile launching system including a body defining a continuous bore. A nozzle is positioned within the bore adjacent the forward end of the body and is moveable between a rearward position wherein the nozzle facilitates passage of a projectile through a projectile port and a forward position wherein the nozzle blocks the projectile port to prevent passage of a projectile therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an Assault Rifle Conversion Kit, which is characterized by being an alternative for modernization, updating and tactical adaptation to existing and new assault rifles through adjustments that involve minor changes in the weapon and that provide a tactical character for its use in special operations and of great demand. The present conversion kit mainly comprises six selected sets of stock set, tactical grip set, second grip set, cover set, reload handle set and forearm set which can be attached to different types of assault rifles, due to the versatility of adaptation they have.