Abstract: A server includes a communication device and a controller. The communication device receives information about whether a destination is set from a vehicle. The controller sets a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether the destination is set, determines whether a recommended radio signal recommended in a set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmits a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result. A vehicle receives the radio signal recommendation list from the server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compares a strength of at least one radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determines whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on the comparison result.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for serving cell identification includes: receiving inputs that include geo-located data collected over a period for a plurality of cells in RAN; determining each cell included in each grid of a predetermined size based on the geo-located data; determining Received Signal Received Power (RSRP) values for each cell having the predetermined size; determining a median cell RSRP for each cell of a grid; determining from the geo-located data a number of data samples per cell for each grid having the predetermined size; determining a cell ranking for each of the cell in the grids having the predetermined size based on the number of data samples and the median cell RSRP; determining a highest-ranking cell in each grid based on the cell ranking; labeling the highest-ranking cell as a Main Server (MS); and labeling all other cells in a corresponding grid as a Non-Main Server (NS).

Abstract: A broadcast order placed by a requestor is received at a first processing device configured to implement an automated media scheduling system. The broadcast order includes a request to prohibit placement of at least one media item within a threshold proximity of a restricted media show. In response to receiving the broadcast order, the automated media scheduling system modifies at least one record associated with the requestor to indicate the request. During automated schedule generation, the automated media scheduling system prevents the at least one media item from being scheduled within the threshold proximity of the restricted media show.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to radio stations. More particularly, this disclosure describes a radio tuner system using metadata that filters broadcasts based on metadata. Through this, the system may automatically identify those radio stations playing current content for a specific user. In one illustrative embodiment, a third-party server which provides on-demand music streaming services may provide the metadata. The metadata may be accessed and used to filter out those incoming broadcasts from the radio stations. Formats or other topics of the radio stations may be identified that fit user preferences identified within the metadata received from the third-party server and those broadcasts from the radio stations would be provided to the user. These identified broadcasts may then be output to an audio system.

Abstract: A digital front end processor is proposed that includes a transmit channel and/or a receive channel. The digital front end processor may be a part of a multi-antenna wireless communication system or any other system including multiple data channels for which data output is to be in synchronization. The digital front end processor includes a data buffer to receive input data in synchronization with a first strobe signal and generate output data based in the input data. The digital front end processor is to synchronize the output data of transmit channels or receive channels of a plurality of digital front end processors based on a data delay applied to the input data.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device in which a processing system receives an electromagnetic signal including a plurality of packets, stores a copy of the packets in a memory, converts the signal to an optical signal, and splits the optical signal into first and second optical signals each including the packets. A first converter and second converter then convert the optical signals to electromagnetic signals. A timing coordinator sends a timing signal to the memory and to the first and second converters, resulting in simultaneous release of a copied packet from the memory and first and second packets from the first and second converters. The system compares the copied packet with the first and second packets; if those packets are identical to the copied packet, the system outputs the first and second packets in outgoing signals. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A dual antiphase read-head arranged card reader is provided. The card reader includes a first read-head arrangement and a second read-head arrangement. Electromagnetic noise is applied to both the first and second arrangements. Waves associated with the electromagnetic noise on the second arrangement is transformed and applied to the first arrangement canceling the noise on a first read head of the first arrangement. The first read head reads magnetically encoded information on a magnetic strip of a card inserted into a card slot of the card reader free of noise. However, the noise remains present such that any skimmer read head of a skimmer inserted into the card slot is unable to read the magnetically encoded information off the magnetic strip of the card.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for downlink and uplink transmissions in full-duplex systems. A method for operating a user equipment (UE) for receiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) includes receiving: first information for a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table associated with a first frequency-domain subband in a reception bandwidth on a cell, second information for a second MCS table associated with a second frequency-domain subband in the reception bandwidth, and third information for a condition. At least one of the first and second frequency-domain subbands is one of a subband full-duplex (SBFD) downlink (DL) subband, an SBFD flexible subband, or an SBFD uplink (UL) subband. The method further includes determining whether the condition is valid for reception in a slot or symbol and receiving the PDSCH in the slot or symbol based on the first MCS table when valid and the second MCS table when not valid.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for enhanced negative acknowledgment control (NAC) frame are described. A device may generate and communicate an enhanced NAC frame that includes additional error information to indicate to the device a cause for the error. The device may receive a data frame and determine an error condition associated with a set of layers of a protocol stack. The device may generate feedback indicating a cause for the determined error condition and transmit the feedback indicating the error cause. The feedback may be a NAC that includes a first quantity of bits configured for indicating an existence of an error and a second quantity of bits configured for indicating the error cause. A format of the NAC frame may include bits configured to identify multiple types of error causes associated with the different layers of the protocol stack.

Abstract: A method is provided for decompressing wide word data compressed in parallel. The method includes creating an instance of memory structure for a wide word in the wide word data, where the instance of memory structure is an inverse of a compression dictionary for the wide word; retrieving multiple compressed codes iteratively from a gap-free compressed output stream of the wide word data using the instance of memory structure, where each compressed code includes at least one character code and a reverse-pointer, and where at least one compressed code includes a multi-symbol string having a multiple character codes; forming an intermediate decompressed output stream by iteratively following the reverse-pointers for the multiple compressed codes, respectively; and forming decompressed output stream by reversing an order of the character codes in the multi-symbol string of the at least one compressed code.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to techniques for performing long term evolution cell specific reference signal rate matching for new radio physical downlink shared channel resource mapping in a wireless communication system. A wireless device may establish a wireless link with a fifth generation new radio cell. Information indicating to perform long term evolution cell specific reference signal rate matching for a physical downlink shared channel for the cell for a long term evolution carrier may be received by the wireless device. A set of rate matching patterns may be selected by the wireless device. Long term evolution cell specific reference signal rate matching for the physical downlink shared channel for the cell may be performed by the wireless device for the long term evolution carrier using the selected set of rate matching patterns.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The method includes transmitting, to a base station, a capability parameter indicating one or more predictive retransmission feedback capabilities of the UE, receiving, from the base station, an activation indicator that indicates a predictive retransmission feedback procedure is enabled, receiving data from the base station, and transmitting a predictive retransmission feedback associated with the data to the base station, the predictive retransmission feedback being computed, in accordance with the activation indicator, prior to completing a decoding of the data.

Abstract: A Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK) codebook construction method and transmission method, and a device, are provided. The HARQ-ACK codebook construction method includes: obtaining a time domain feedback record set, where each time domain feedback record in the time domain feedback record set includes a time domain resource assignment record and an equivalent feedback time offset corresponding to the time domain resource assignment record, and the equivalent feedback time offset is a feedback time offset value actually applied when a HARQ-ACK for the time domain resource assignment record corresponding to the equivalent feedback time offset is fed back in an uplink slot; dividing the time domain feedback record set into subsets based on equivalent feedback time offset(s), where each equivalent feedback time offset corresponds to one subset; and constructing a HARQ-ACK codebook based on the subsets obtained through division, to perform feedback in the uplink slot.

Abstract: A wireless device receives downlink control information (DCI) comprising a first HARQ process identifier and a resource assignment. The first HARQ process identifier indicates a first HARQ process of HARQ processes. The wireless device transmits, using the resource assignment and based on a second HARQ process identifier, a transport block associated with a second HARQ process, of the HARQ processes. The second HARQ process identifier indicates the second HARQ process and is based on the first HARQ process identifier and a HARQ process identifier offset.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method implemented by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device transmits data to a radio node of a wireless communication network. The wireless communication device monitors for a positive acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement of the data from the radio node. The wireless communication device retransmits the data to the radio node when said monitoring indicates reception of a negative acknowledgement of the data. The wireless communication device refrains from retransmitting the data to the radio node when said monitoring indicates reception of a positive acknowledgement of the data. The wireless communication device also refrains from retransmitting the data to the radio node when said monitoring indicates neither reception of a positive acknowledgement of the data nor reception of a negative acknowledgement of the data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for streaming content to multiple devices from a shared sliding window buffer in kernel space, thereby reducing memory resource use and minimizing context/mode switching between kernel space and user space. For example, concurrent streaming sessions may be seen, e.g., as a live multimedia stream. If a live video is being transmitted as a multicast stream to many devices, rather than each device having a corresponding sliding window buffer in kernel space, each device will share a shared sliding buffer in kernel space. The sliding window buffer size will be at least large enough to stream the slowest connection speed and can be, e.g., multiple times as large as necessary, in case of the issues beyond the worst-case scenario. The system then transmits chunks of the content from the shared sliding window buffer to each of the plurality of client devices.

Abstract: Example implementations include a method of determining, by a wireless communication device, a number of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request-Acknowledge (HARQ-ACK) bits for each of a plurality of Start and Length Indicator (SLIV) groups, wherein each of the SLIV groups comprises one or more Physical Downlink Shared Channels (PDSCHs) configured for the wireless communication device by a wireless communication node, and sending, by the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node, a signaling that includes a type 1 HARQ-ACK codebook generated based on the determined number of HARQ-ACK bits. Example implementations also include a method of generating, by a wireless communication device, a type 1 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request-Acknowledge (HARQ-ACK) codebook, and sending, by the wireless communication device to a wireless communication node, the type 1 HARQ-ACK codebook on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention discloses a terminal of a wireless communication system. The terminal comprises a communication module and a processor for controlling the communication module, wherein the processor generates a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-ACK codebook including one or more bits indicating whether reception of a channel or signal is successful, and transmits the HARQ-ACK codebook to a base station of the wireless communication system, wherein the HARQ-ACK codebook is generated on the basis of a slot corresponding to a value of an HARQ-ACK feedback timing parameter (K1) set in a sub-slot level, and each of bits configuring the HARQ-ACK codebook corresponds to at least one sub-slot form among a plurality of sub-slots included in the slot.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a network interface circuit and a control circuit. The network interface circuit communicates with a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, where there is a peer-to-peer link established between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device. The control circuit generates a first frame, and sends the first frame to the second wireless communication device through the network interface circuit, where the first frame is arranged to inform the second wireless communication device of a subband transition at the first wireless communication device.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication of a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource for SRS precoding that is based at least in part on a downlink measurement, where a total quantity of configured SRS ports for transmission is less than or equal to a quantity of receive antennas configured at the UE. The UE may transmit an SRS with SRS precoding based at least in part on the SRS resource. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) pattern. The method includes: A terminal device receives first scheduled bandwidth threshold information from a network device, where a first scheduled bandwidth threshold indicated by the first scheduled bandwidth threshold information meets a first condition, and the first condition is that a ratio of a total quantity of modulation symbols in a PTRS pattern determined based on the first scheduled bandwidth threshold to a quantity of subcarriers in scheduled bandwidth is less than or equal to a first threshold; and determines a PTRS pattern on one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in an OFDM signal based on the scheduled bandwidth threshold. In this application, the network device configures, for the terminal device, the scheduled bandwidth threshold that meets the first condition, to ensure demodulation performance of the device.

Abstract: There is provided a method, comprising: determining a presence indicator configuration defining how a presence indicator is to be interpreted, wherein, based on the configuration, the presence indicator indicates whether a set of one or more configured reference signal occasions of a cell carries reference signals; obtaining from a base station the presence indicator; obtaining from the base station at least one reference signal configuration, each indicating at least one configured reference signal occasion; and determining, based on the presence indicator and the obtained presence indicator configuration, whether a given reference signal occasion indicated by the at least one reference signal configuration carries a reference signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a network entity, control signaling that includes sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration information associated with an increased quantity of SRS ports. The SRS configuration information may include a quantity of symbols via which to transmit SRSs, a frequency resource comb for each respective symbol, and a threshold quantity of cyclic shifts. The UE may map a first subset of SRS ports to a first symbol and map a second subset of SRS ports to a second symbol. The UE may transmit, and the network entity receive, the SRSs using the first subset of SRS ports via the first symbol according to a first frequency resource comb and respective cyclic shifts and using the second subset of SRS ports via the second symbol according to a second frequency resource comb and respective cyclic shifts.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and apparatuses for adaptive PDSCH and DMRS pattern are provided. An example method may include receiving, from a UE, a frequency shift estimate including one or more frequency offsets, each of the one or more frequency offsets corresponding to each of one or more TRPs. The example method may further include selecting at least one DMRS pattern of a plurality of DMRS patterns based on the frequency shift estimate, the at least one DMRS pattern including a plurality of DMRS symbols, the at least one DMRS pattern associated with at least one frame structure including a plurality of slots in a subframe. The example method may further include transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the at least one DMRS pattern selected based on the frequency shift estimate.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication for a reference signal to be transmitted on a first carrier, wherein the UE is configured for reference signal carrier switching between the first carrier and a second carrier associated with uplink data channel or control channel transmission. The UE may receive an indication for uplink transmission switching between the second carrier and a third carrier. The UE may transmit, or suspend transmission, on the third carrier during a time associated with transmission of the reference signal on the first carrier based at least in part on the UE being configured for reference signal carrier switching and uplink transmission switching. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for network energy saving. In one embodiment the method includes: receiving, by a User Equipment (UE), a Channel State Information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted through a first plurality of antenna ports; generating, by the UE, a first channel property indicator for a first subset of the first plurality of antenna ports, based on the CSI-RS; and generating, by the UE, a second channel property indicator for a second subset of the first plurality of antenna ports, based on the CSI-RS, wherein the second subset is different from the first subset.

Abstract: Method and device in nodes for wireless communications. A node firstly receives a first signaling in a first time-frequency resource set, the first signaling indicating a target reference signal resource; and receives a first signal in a second time-frequency resource set; a DMRS of a channel occupied by the first signal is QCL with the target reference signal resource; a target reference signal resource set comprises K1 candidate reference signal resources, with the first signaling indicating the target reference signal resource among the K1 candidate reference signal resources; at least either of frequency-domain resources occupied by the second time-frequency resource set or time-domain resources occupied by the second time-frequency resource set are used to determine the target reference signal resource set.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and procedures to manage a multicast communication to a multicast group implemented by a respective wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) of WTRUs in the multicast group are disclosed. One representative method includes receiving, by the respective WTRU of the multicast group, a configuration, the configuration indicating a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble to use for a negative acknowledgement (NACK) response to a multicast transmission to the respective WTRU, monitoring, by the respective WTRU, for data of the multicast transmission, determining, by the respective WTRU, whether the monitored for data was successfully received; and on condition that the monitored for data was not successfully received, sending, by the respective WTRU, the RACH preamble indicated by the received configuration.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for subband full-duplex. In some embodiments, a method includes: conducting a measurement, by a User Equipment (UE), using a CSI resource, the CSI resource being a Channel State Information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a Channel State Information Interference Measurement (CSI-IM); and performing channel estimation or beam measurement, by the UE, the channel estimation or beam measurement being based on a set of resources of the CSI resource, the resources of the set of resources being non-contiguous in a symbol of the CSI resource.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of operating a network node, the network node operating according to a first radio access technology, RAT. The method includes transmitting signaling having communication signaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, in a transmission resource pattern. The DMRS is arranged in the transmission resource pattern according to a DMRS pattern, in which the DMRS pattern is selected from a set of DMRS patterns based on a coexistence indication indicating the presence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication that support improved spectrum utilization, such as per band configuration of a maximum quantity of resource elements. In a first aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to receive scheduling information in accordance with a first maximum quantity of resources, wherein the first maximum quantity is based on a first channel bandwidth, first frequency band information, and a first subcarrier spacing (SCS), wherein the first frequency band information is indicative of a first type of frequency band or a first frequency band. The at least one processor is further configured to transmit or receive a first transmission in accordance with the scheduling information. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may use a resource configuration to determine whether to transmit or receive on a particular sub-band during a given communication period (e.g., a time slot or a symbol duration). In some examples, a network entity provides a bit map to a UE where the bit map indicates how sub-bands for a given communication period are allocated for full-duplex transmissions. The UE may then determine, based on the bit map, whether to transmit or receive on a particular sub-band. In some examples, a network entity provides a resource configuration to a UE where the resource configuration indicates how half-duplex transmissions and full-duplex transmissions are configured over a period of time. In this case, the UE may be configured by a defined rule to determine, based on the resource configuration, whether to transmit or receive on a particular sub-band.

Abstract: Transmitter of a (type a) user equipment, UE, wherein the transmitter is configured for a sidelink transmission without sidelink reception; wherein the transmitter is configured to perform random resource selection for the sidelink transmission in a resource pool with random resource selection enabled, wherein the random resource selection is limited to a resource pool with disabled physical sidelink feedback channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are a communication scheme and a system thereof for converging IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a high data transmission rate beyond that of a 4G system. The disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, services related to a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. The disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for efficiently operating a dormant BWP.

Abstract: A master node (MN) communicating with a UE using resources of a first band of unlicensed spectrum sends an addition request to a selected secondary node, to request resources for supporting the UE in a second band of unlicensed spectrum. The addition request includes timing information including one or more of: i) information indicating a start time for the MN time division duplexing (TDD) timing structure with respect to the UE, or ii) information indicating a reference clock being used by the MN. The secondary node uses the received timing information from the MN to perform timing alignment at the secondary node. The adjusted timing alignment of the secondary node allows the UE to achieve slot-boundary and/or symbol boundary alignment with regard to MN communications using the first unlicensed spectrum and SN communications using the second unlicensed spectrum. Due to the achieved synchronization, an in-device coexistence (IDC) problem is avoided.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. One method includes identifying a traffic condition associated with data to be transmitted between a network access device and at least one user equipment (UE); selecting, based at least in part on the traffic condition, a dynamic subframe type of a time-division duplex (TDD) subframe; and indicating the dynamic subframe type in a TDD header of the TDD subframe. Another method includes identifying, in a TDD header of a subframe, an indication of a dynamic subframe type of the TDD subframe; and transmitting data or receiving data in a data region of the TDD subframe based at least in part on the dynamic subframe type.

Abstract: A user equipment is configured to operate in a wireless communications network being operated in a TDD scheme, the TDD scheme including a plurality of TDD-frames, each TDD-frame including a guard period arranged between a downlink symbol and an uplink symbol of the TDD-frame. The user equipment is configured to receive a first number of symbols during the guard period or is configured to transmit the uplink symbol and to transmit a second number of symbols previous to transmitting the uplink symbol.

Abstract: A time synchronization subdevice includes a periodic data receiver that receives periodic data transmitted periodically from a time synchronization reference device, an acquirer that acquires first priority information indicating a first priority assigned to the time synchronization reference device, a first priority transmitter that transmits the first priority information to another time synchronization subdevice, a second priority information transmitter that transmits, when the periodic data is interrupted, transmission information indicating a second priority assigned to the time synchronization subdevice, a second priority information receiver that receives reception information indicating a second priority assigned to a device different from the time synchronization subdevice, and a distributor that distributes, when the periodic data is interrupted and the second priority indicated with the transmission information is higher than the second priority indicated with the reception information, time measu

Abstract: A method for monitoring an RF receiver includes generating of a digital test signal based on a signal, wherein the digital test signal includes a stream of digital test samples having a digital test sample; generating a monitoring signal based on the digital test signal; and coupling of the monitoring signal into a receiver path. The monitoring signal is processed in the receiver path to generate a processed monitoring signal and a stream of digital monitoring samples representing the processed monitoring signal. Information is determined indicating at least one property related to the receiver path based on a processing of a set of digital monitoring samples of the stream of digital monitoring samples. The set of digital monitoring samples includes a digital monitoring sample. The method further includes controlling the RF receiver such that the digital monitoring sample is generated a predetermined time duration after generating the digital test sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to an interface between a host processor device and a peripheral device, such as a camera or sensor, and, more particularly, to improving the generation of data signals with embedded clock information to be more rate-flexible and power efficient. Improved techniques are described herein to embed a clock signal into a data signal (e.g., to minimize the number of channels needed)—while allowing for a variable link rate and avoiding the need for a phase lock loop (PLL) and/or long link training times at the receiver, which can consume large amounts of power and on-chip area. In some embodiments, a modified Manchester encoding scheme, e.g., using a fixed delay for its mid-bit transitions (and wherein the delay is independent of link rate), is used to achieve the dual aims of rate flexibility and power efficiency for an improved data signal interface with embedded clock information.

Abstract: A signal generation device includes m transceivers, a usage amount determination unit that executes a usage amount determination process that determines the usage amount of the FIFO of each transceiver, and a phase adjustment unit that adjusts the phase of the read clock signal for the FIFO. The signal generation device performs the second usage amount determination process on the condition that the count that the usage amount of the FIFO of each transceiver is determined to be less than the usage amount threshold by the first usage amount determination process consecutively reaches the first determination count, and terminates the adjustment of the phase of the read clock signal on the condition that the count that the usage amount of the FIFO of each transceiver is determined by the second usage amount determination process to be greater than the usage amount threshold consecutively reaches the second determination count.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a retimer device includes a receiver to receive data from a first device via a data link, retimer circuitry to recover a clock phase from the received data, and prepare a new copy of the received data sampled by a clean clock based on the recovered clock phase, a transmitter to transmit the new copy to a second device via the data link, wherein the receiver is configured to receive an in-band standby signal from the first device having a given pattern in a physical layer of the signal, activate a power saving mode of the retimer device responsively to the standby signal having the given pattern in the physical layer of the standby signal, receive an in-band wakeup signal from the first device, and initiate an exit from the power saving mode to power up the retimer device responsively to the wakeup signal.

Abstract: A device includes a receiver to receive a packet over a channel at a first frequency and generate a sampled stream of data at a first sample rate corresponding to the first frequency. A data resampler circuit includes a re-timer engine to determine, using a fractional rate between the first sample rate and a crystal oscillator (XO)-divided sample rate, re-timer values including a difference between pulses of a pseudo clock corresponding to the XO-integer-divided sample rate and closest corresponding pulses of a clock corresponding to the first sample rate. The data resampler circuit includes a time shifting circuit to re-sample data values of the sampled stream of data associated with locations of the plurality of re-timer values. A correlation circuit uses the re-sampled data values, pseudo clock, and the re-timer values to match an expected data pattern to a corresponding data pattern detected in a frame delimiter of the packet.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method including, in a fully-homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme that employs ciphertext rescaling at different levels of a modulus chain of prime numbers: initializing a scale of the highest level of the modulus chain to a value that equals a weighted geometric mean of all the prime numbers, wherein, in the weighted geometric mean, the weight for each of the prime numbers is two to the power of: a location of the respective prime number in the modulus chain, minus one.

Abstract: A second set of data identifiers, comprising identifiers of data usable in federated model training by a second data owner, is received at a first data owner from the second data owner. An intersection set of data identifiers is determined at the first data owner. At the first data owner according to the intersection set of data identifiers, the data usable in federated model training is rearranged by the first data owner to result in a first training dataset. At the first data owner using the intersection set of data identifiers, the first training dataset, and a previous iteration of an aggregated set of model weights, a first partial set of model weights is computed. An updated aggregated set of model weights, comprising the first partial set of model weights and a second partial set of model weights from the second data owner, is received from an aggregator.

Abstract: To speed up an operation by a full adder that achieves full homomorphic encryption, a ciphertext processed by an encryption processing device has two values as a plaintext and is a ciphertext of fully homomorphic encryption that allows various operations to be performed by performing a logical operation without performing decryption. The encryption processing device includes an operation unit that performs a logical operation for a ciphertext received by a receiving unit and an output unit that outputs a result of the operation by the operation unit. The operation unit reduces the number of logical operations (homomorphic operations) by temporarily using a specific ciphertext that can have multiple values as a plaintext.

Abstract: There is provided a device for processing homomorphically encrypted data.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus for generating a homomorphic encrypted message includes: a processor configured to generate a mask homomorphic encrypted message by homomorphically comparing the homomorphic encrypted message with the index data in case that a calculation command of the predetermined function for the homomorphic encrypted message is input, generate an intermediate homomorphic encrypted message by homomorphically multiplying the generated mask homomorphic encrypted message by the function result data, generate a function-result encrypted message for the homomorphic encrypted message by computing sum of values in a plurality of slots of the intermediate homomorphic encrypted message.

Abstract: A method of processing an encrypted message is provided. The method of processing an encrypted message includes dividing text data into sentence units, calculating a vector value of a predetermined size corresponding to each sentence by using a predetermined encoding algorithm for each sentence unit, and generating a homomorphic encrypted message by performing homomorphic encryption on the calculated vector value.

Abstract: Embodiments of this specification disclose secure multi-party computation for privacy protection. In an implementation, a method includes obtaining a fragment of first gradient data and a fragment of noise data, where the first gradient data is gradient data of a loss function. Based on the fragment of first gradient data by performing secure multi-party computation with another participant, obtaining a fragment of second gradient data, where the second gradient data is gradient data obtained after the first gradient data is clipped. Based on the fragment of second gradient data and the fragment of noise data, determining a fragment of third gradient data, where the third gradient data is the second gradient data with the noise data added. A fragment of a model parameter is determined based on the fragment of third gradient data.