Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical ranging device capable of reducing or eliminating pile up effect in DToF ranging method. The optical ranging device comprises a light source; a sensor module comprising a SPAD array, wherein the SPAD array comprises a first SPAD group without aperture and a second SPAD group with a first aperture, and the sensor module separately outputs a photon detection value corresponding to a number of photons received by each SPAD group; and a processing module for calculating a distance between the object to be measured and the ranging device using the photon detection value based on DToF. In response to light intensity received by the SPAD array in a first pulse window being greater than a first threshold, the distance is calculated using the photon detection value of the second SPAD group in the first pulse window.

Abstract: A method for determining a distance to a target comprises: receiving a bitstream of binary digits corresponding to a time-varying signal based on light transmitted by a light source being reflected by the target, wherein each binary digit in the bitstream is defined based on the time-varying signal at a time instance represented by the binary digit being above or below a threshold; comparing the bitstream to a set of stored reference bitstreams, wherein the set comprises pairs comprising a first reference bitstream and a second reference bitstream representing a common distance to the target, wherein the first reference bitstream is phase-shifted in relation to the second reference bitstream; and determining the distance to the target based on selection of a pair of reference bitstreams based on said comparing.

Abstract: A method for determining a distance to a target comprises: receiving a bitstream of binary digits corresponding to a variation in time of a time-varying signal based on light transmitted by a light source being reflected by the target, wherein each binary digit in the bitstream is defined based on the time-varying signal at a time instance represented by the binary digit being above or below a threshold; comparing the bitstream of binary digits to a set of stored reference bitstreams of binary digits, wherein each reference bitstream represents a distance to the target, and determining the distance to the target based on selection of a reference bitstream in the set of stored reference bitstreams based on said comparing.

Abstract: This application provides a LiDAR including a laser beam emission module and a beam adjustment module. The laser beam emission module includes at least two emitters arranged at intervals, where the emitter is configured to emit the laser beam. The beam adjustment module is configured to adjust the laser beam. A diameter of a light spot formed by the laser beam within a first preset distance is greater than a first preset value, and an angle interval between emission channels of two adjacent emitters that simultaneously emit laser beams is greater than a preset angle.

Abstract: LiDARs and distance measuring methods are provided. In one aspect, a LiDAR includes: a laser emitting device, a control device, a detection device, and a data processing device. The control device is configured to generate a trigger signal based on a time sequence random number. The laser emitting device includes at least one laser and at least one driver coupled with the at least one laser, and a driver is configured to drive a laser coupled to the driver to emit a laser pulse signal according to the trigger signal. The detection device is configured to receive an echo signal of the laser pulse signal reflected by an object and convert the echo signal into an electrical signal. The data processing device is configured to determine distance information of the object based on an emission time of the laser pulse signal and a reception time of the echo signal.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a trajectory dataset including a plurality of geospatial points forming a point cloud and acquired along a trajectory wherein for each of the plurality of geospatial points there is a defined an x-coordinate, a y-coordinate and a z-coordinate and at least one mapping device orientation attribute, segmenting the trajectory dataset into a plurality of segments, determining at least one relative constraint for each of the plurality of segments and utilizing, for each of the plurality of segments, at least one of the determined relative constraints to determine a relative position of at least two of the plurality of segments.

Abstract: There is provided a mobile robot that performs the obstacle avoidance and visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) according to image frames captured by the same optical sensor. The mobile robot includes a pixel array and a processor. An upper part of the pixel array is not coated with any filter and a lower part of the pixel array is coated with an IR filter. The processor performs range estimation using pixel data corresponding to the lower part of the pixel array, and perform the VSLAM using pixel data corresponding to the upper part of the pixel array.

Abstract: This application discloses a point cloud densification method and apparatus, a storage medium, and a LiDAR. The method is applied to the LiDAR, the LiDAR includes an emitter group and a scanning apparatus, and the method includes: obtaining a point cloud densification multiple of a detection field of view at each level; obtaining an interval between scanning lines corresponding to two adjacent emissions based on the point cloud densification multiple of the detection field of view at each level; and performing scanning based on the interval between the scanning lines corresponding to the two adjacent emissions.

Abstract: A method of operating a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) device includes obtaining receiving signals corresponding to reference laser pulses generated from a reference signal; obtaining a main receiving signal having a maximum value among the receiving signals with respect to a time point; correcting a value of a sub-receiving signal included in the receiving signals at the time point based on the maximum value of the main receiving signal; and obtaining a time of flight (ToF) of a laser pulse corresponding to the sub-receiving signal based on a correlation between the corrected value of the sub-receiving signal and the reference signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improved simultaneous localization and mapping based on 3-D LIDAR image data are presented herein. In one aspect, LIDAR image frames are segmented and clustered before feature detection to improve computational efficiency while maintaining both mapping and localization accuracy. Segmentation involves removing redundant data before feature extraction. Clustering involves grouping pixels associated with similar objects together before feature extraction. In another aspect, features are extracted from LIDAR image frames based on a measured optical property associated with each measured point. The pools of feature points comprise a low resolution feature map associated with each image frame. Low resolution feature maps are aggregated over time to generate high resolution feature maps.

Abstract: An embodiment method for operating a device includes determining, based on data collected by a first sensor, first information between the first sensor and an object; determining, based on data collected by a second sensor, second information between the second sensor and the object; and determining a distance between the device and the object based on comparing the first information and the second information.

Abstract: There is provided an optical sensor including a light source, a first pixel, a second pixel and a processor. The first pixel generates a first output signal by receiving reflected light from an external object illuminated by the light source. The second pixel generates a second output signal by receiving reflected light from an inner surface of a package illuminated by the light source. The processor generates a random code according to the second output signal to modulate the light source, identifies whether to change an emission pattern of the light source according to a distance calculated according to the first output signal, and changes exposure intervals of the first pixel and the second pixel.

Abstract: A laser radar system and a spatial measurement method are provided. The laser radar system comprises: a light-emitting unit array, comprising at least one light-emitting unit that is provided at a preset light-emitting position and can control the charactristics-information of emitted light; an optical scanning unit, configured to generate a scanning angle for transmitting light M intended for scanning a target scenario, and determine a first control scanning angle; a light-receiving unit array, comprising at least one light-receiving unit configured to receive the charactristics-information of reflected light after the emitted light passes through the target scenario; and a processor for determining at least one of the scanning angle and a distance between the target scenario and the light-receiving unit according to the preset light-emitting position, the first control scanning angle, the charactristics-information of the emitted light, and the charactristics-information of the reflected light.

Abstract: This application discloses a LiDAR, where the LiDAR includes: an emission apparatus, configured to emit a detection laser beam; a scanning apparatus, configured to receive the detection laser beam and emit the detection laser beam to a detection field of view, and to receive an echo laser beam and deflect the echo laser beam to the receiving apparatus; and a receiving apparatus, configured to receive the echo laser beam.

Abstract: A vehicle comprises: a vehicle body; a sub-short range active light sensor mounted to the vehicle body and configured to detect a lane boundary of a surface on which the vehicle is traveling; and an advanced driver-assistance system configured to register a lane boundary detection by the sub-short range active light sensor and perform an action in response to the lane boundary detection.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a first sensor mounted inside a body of the electronic device; a second sensor configured to sense a posture of the body; an optical device configured to: reflect light output from the first sensor by using a mirror, and output the reflected light to an outside of the electronic device through a transparent region in the electronic device; a processor configured to: obtain information on the posture of the body through the second sensor, obtain information on a tilting angle of the mirror based on the obtained posture of the body and a refractive index of the transparent region, and control the mirror based on the obtained information on the tilting angle.

Abstract: A method for detecting a probe signal at an estimated code delay and an estimated doppler frequency includes: (i) dividing a period of the probe signal into sections each of a predetermined duration; (ii) assigning to each section one of a multiple code categories, each code category being indicative of a signal pattern of the probe signal within the section; and (iii) selecting multiple phase categories for a sinusoidal signal, each phase category being indicative of a range of phases in the sinusoidal signal.

Abstract: A method and circuit for frequency compensation, a storage medium, and an electronic device, the method including: determining speed information of a terminal device relative to a predetermined device, where the speed information includes acceleration information and vector information; converting the speed information into a first acceleration value corresponding to a Global Positioning System (GPS) device; and compensating a frequency of a crystal oscillator in the terminal device based on the first acceleration value and a second acceleration value, where the second acceleration value is an actual acceleration value of the GPS device determined by the terminal device.

Abstract: A system for estimating a receiver position with high integrity can include a reference station observation monitor configured to: receive a set of reference station observations associated with a set of reference stations, detect a predetermined event, and mitigate an effect of the predetermined event; a modeling engine configured to generate corrections; a reliability engine configured to validate the corrections; an observation monitor configured to: receive a set of satellite observations from a set of global navigation satellites corresponding to at least one satellite constellation; detect a predetermined event; and mitigate an effect of the predetermined event; a carrier phase determination module configured to determine a carrier phase ambiguity of the set of satellite observations; and a position filter configured to estimate a position of the receiver.

Abstract: Methods and systems to process and assure integrity of DME and/or VOR measurements, detect the effects of GNSS jamming and/or spoofing events, identify GNSS measurements affected by the GNSS jamming and/or spoofing events, and assure the integrity of the GNSS measurements unaffected by jamming and/or spoofing events in a vehicle navigation system are disclosed. The methods are implemented to integrate inertial measurements, GNSS measurements, and DME/VOR measurements for the vehicle, and apply solution separation techniques to all of the measurements. The solution separation techniques use a main filter for hybridization of the inertial measurements, the GNSS measurements, and the DME/VOR measurements, with additional sub-solution filters and sub-sub-solution filters that use combinations of these measurements. This provides common processing of the GNSS and DME/VOR sensors in a single hybridization and solution separation framework.

Abstract: A front-end electronic circuitry for a photon counting application includes an input node to receive an input signal, an output node to provide an output signal, a charge sensitive amplifier, and a feedback element having a variable resistance. The charge sensitive amplifier includes an amplifier circuit having an input side being coupled to the input node and an output side to provide the output signal, and a capacitor being arranged in a first feedback path between the input side and the output side of the amplifier circuit. The feedback element is arranged in a second feedback path in parallel to the capacitor. The variable resistance of the feedback element is dependent on a level of the output signal.

Abstract: An electric circuitry for baseline extraction in a photon counting system includes an input signal integrity detector to determine an integrity of an input signal for baseline extraction, a sampling circuit to sample the input signal during a sampling time, and to provide a sampled version of the input signal, a signal processing circuit to process the sampled version of the input signal, and a signal processing controller to control the signal processing circuit. The input signal integrity detector is configured to determine the integrity of the input signal for baseline extraction by evaluating the input signal or the sampled version of the input signal. The signal processing controller is configured to control the signal processing circuit so that the sampled version of the input signal is processed, when the integrity of the input signal for baseline extraction is determined by the input signal integrity detector at least during the sampling time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for detecting radiation and methods of making them. The method comprises forming a recess into a semiconductor substrate, wherein a portion of the semiconductor substrate extends into the recess and is surrounded by the recess; depositing semiconductor nanocrystals into the recess, the semiconductor nanocrystals having a different composition from the semiconductor substrate; forming a first doped semiconductor region in the semiconductor substrate; forming a second doped semiconductor region in the semiconductor substrate; wherein the first doped semiconductor region and the second doped semiconductor region form a p-n junction that separates the portion from the rest of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A setting method for setting at least a part of a region in which a structure of a specimen exists as a target region, for an evaluation of an internal structure of the specimen includes setting an arbitrary position from the region in which the structure of the specimen exists, and setting the target region based on the set position.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for data masking. The method includes obtaining data associated with coincidence events related to intrinsic background radiations of a plurality of crystals of the PET device. Each of the coincidence events may be detected by two crystals of the plurality of crystals of the PET device. The data associated with the each coincidence event may include first time information and second time information. The method includes determining a first time of fight (TOF) difference corresponding to the each coincidence event based on the first time information and the second time information. The method includes determining a second TOF difference corresponding to the each coincidence event based on locations of the two crystals that detect the each coincidence event. The method includes correcting the PET device based on the first TOF difference and the second TOF difference.

Abstract: Provided is a calibration method for a detector including a plurality of detecting elements each of which generates an electrical pulse signal with a peak value corresponding to an energy value of incident X-ray photons and counts a photon count for each peak value, including: applying a predetermined tube voltage to an X-ray tube for irradiating the detector with X-rays; acquiring the photon count for each peak value from each of the detecting elements; estimating a maximum peak value H within a range in which X-ray photons are detected and at which the peak value is maximum; and calculating, for each of the detecting elements, a calibration value that associates the tube voltage with the maximum peak value H.

Abstract: An ultrasonic receiver encompasses a resin horn, a piezoelectric element provided at a tip of the resin horn exposed to outside, a stealth amplifier disposed at a predetermined minimum distance from the piezoelectric element, embedded in the resin horn and arranged in a behind space to which a shape of the piezoelectric element is projected, configured to change reflection characteristic of a reflection wave reflected by the stealth amplifier, and an input connection member electrically connecting between the piezoelectric element and the stealth amplifier. The predetermined minimum distance is a distance determined by design as a theoretical minimum value of an input stray-capacitance.

Abstract: Modeling basin geology in a subsurface region includes receiving seismic data representing acoustic signals that are reflected from regions of the subsurface; receiving potential fields data comprising potential field values that are mapped to locations in the subsurface; determining a relationship between the seismic data and the potential field values for each of the locations in the subsurface; generating, based on the relationship for each location, a three-dimensional (3D) map of thermal conductivity in the subsurface region; and based on the 3D map of thermal conductivity, identifying at least one area comprising source rock having a threshold maturity, the threshold maturity indicative of potential hydrocarbons in the subsurface.

Abstract: Fluid detection systems and methods using the same are disclosed. In embodiments the fluid detection systems include a sensor module and an electronics module. The sensor module includes a sensor housing that includes a liquid flow path and a sensor element disposed around at least part of the liquid flow path. The sensor element can detect a capacitance of the liquid flow path and provide a sensor signal to a controller in the electronics module. The electronics module can determine a detected capacitance in the liquid flow path based at least in part on the sensor signal, and can determine whether a wet event has occurred based on a comparison of the detected capacitance to a threshold capacitance. Methods using the fluid detection systems and fluid supply systems including the fluid detection systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A capture device which captures propagation path information communicated between the two or more wireless devices and transmits the propagation path information to a first detection device and a second detection device; and a learning model generation device which generates a learning model for object detection using supervised machine learning are provided. The first detection device performs object detection between the wireless devices using a learning model generated by the learning model generation device, the second detection device performs object detection with higher accuracy than the first detection device, and the learning model generation device generates and updates a learning model which is used by the first detection device as teacher data using determination data including object detection results of the second detection device. This makes it possible to easily generate a learning model using supervised machine learning without spending time or manpower.

Abstract: Processes utilize collected resistivity data from an ultra-deep resistivity tool located downhole a borehole. A machine learning system (MLS) can be utilized to analyze and process the resistivity data. Directions can be generated using the resistivity data that is communicated to other systems, such as a geo-steering, an evaluation, or other borehole systems. In some aspects, a recommendation can be generated that includes subterranean formation characteristics with the directions. The recommendation can be used by a user system to approve or reject the directions prior to being communicated to a borehole system or geo-steering system. In some aspects, a confidence level can be generated with the directions or recommendation, and the confidence level can be evaluated whether it satisfies a confidence level threshold. In some aspects, when the confidence level threshold is satisfied, the directions can be automatically communicated to the geo-steering system without user review.

Abstract: A system comprising one or more autonomous vehicles equipped with sensors to perform continuous multi-domain gravity gradiometry measurements to better understand density variation of an object, surface and/or subsurface. The autonomous vehicles may be equipped with modular customizable sensor packages having a plurality of gravity gradiometry sensors with differing sensitivities. Each sensor may be tethered to the autonomous vehicle by a tether which can be lengthened or shortened to vary the distance between the sensor and the ground. The autonomous vehicles may include an onboard data processing and visualization system configured for generating a survey model of a scanned area and/or volume based on the data received sensors on one or more autonomous vehicles. The data system may be configured to implement data-driven processes in a feedback loop to optimize positioning of the autonomous vehicle system to record measurements with less noise to refine the survey model.

Abstract: A method of millimeter-wave human body security checking based on double standing postures is provided, including: scanning and checking a body of a checked person in a first standing posture by using a millimeter-wave human body security detector, so as to obtain a first millimeter-wave human body image; scanning and checking the body of the same checked person in a second standing posture by using the millimeter-wave human body security detector, so as to obtain a second millimeter-wave human body image, wherein the second standing posture is different from the first standing posture (S10); and determining whether the checked person carries contraband based on at least the first millimeter-wave human body image and the second millimeter-wave human body image (S20).

Abstract: Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for developing a reservoir. In one implementation, observed data points in a volume along a well trajectory and well logs corresponding to observed data points are received at a neural network. Feature vectors are generated using the neural network. The feature vectors are defined based on a distance between each of the observed data points and randomly generated points in the volume. A 3D populated log is generated by propagating well log values of the feature vectors across the volume. Uncertainty is quantified by generating a plurality of realizations including the 3D populated log. Each of the realizations is different and equally probable. core values are generated from the realizations, and a static model of the reservoir is generated by clustering the volume into one or more clusters of rock types based on the core values.

Abstract: An optical system for a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the invention includes first to fourth lenses sequentially stacked along an optical axis in an image direction from an object side, and an aperture stop is disposed on an outer circumference between the second lens and the third lens, first lens includes an object-side first surface and an image-side second surface, the second lens includes an object-side third surface and an image-side fourth surface, and the third lens includes an object-side fifth surface and an image-side sixth surface, the third lens disposed on the image side with respect to the aperture stop have a convex object-side fifth surface and a convex image-side sixth surface on the optical axis, the first surface of the first lens on the optical axis is convex toward the object side, the third lens has a positive refractive power, and one of the first to fourth lenses is made of glass, and at least one other is made of plastic.

Abstract: An anti-reflective structural body includes a main body constituted of a raw material that contains a color material of black color and an anti-reflective structure formed on an outer surface of the main body, the anti-reflective structure includes a plurality of recesses each being formed to be recessed with respect to the outer surface and a base portion forming boundary portions of the recesses that are mutually adjacent and having a top portion on the outer surface, a profile curve of the base portion in a depth direction of the recesses includes the top portion formed to a curved shape, and virtual circles respectively including portions of the top portion of the curved shape as circular arcs each have a diameter ? of not more than 50 ?m.

Abstract: A lens includes: an optical layer containing a resin; a member; and an antireflection layer, the antireflection layer is provided at an outermost surface, in an optical axis direction, of the lens, and a transmittance of the antireflection layer has a maximal value and a minimal value in order from a short wavelength side of a wavelength of light.

Abstract: An optical film (100) includes a plurality of polymeric layers (40) disposed between opposing first (11) and second (12) outer layers, a thinnest polymeric layer in the plurality of polymeric layers disposed closer to the first outer layer (11) and a thickest polymeric layer disposed closer to the second outer layer (12). A layer thickness gradient of the optical film (100) includes first (43) and second (45) portions joined by a step portion (20), a change in thickness across the step portion (20) at least 5 times greater than a change in thickness across each of the first (43) and second (45) portions, wherein the optical film (100) has a first average transmission percentage, TA1, in a first wavelength range, a peak transmission percentage, Tp, in a different, second wavelength range. The first wavelength range and the second wavelength range are separated by a third wavelength range with a third average transmission percentage, TA3, such that TA1>Tp>30(TA3).

Abstract: A cover glass article is described herein that includes: a substrate comprising an outer primary surface with an outer optical film structure disposed thereon and an inner primary surface with an inner optical film structure disposed thereon. The outer film structure comprises a first plurality of alternating high index and low index layers with an outermost low index layer. The inner film structure comprises a second plurality of alternating high index and low index layers with a low or high index layer disposed on the inner primary surface, and an innermost low or high index layer. Each high index layer of the first and the second plurality comprises a nitride or an oxynitride, and an oxide or a nitride, respectively. Further, the cover glass article exhibits an average photopic transmittance of greater than 95% and a maximum hardness of greater than 10 GPa.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging element includes a semiconductor substrate having photoelectric conversion elements, a color filter layer formed on the semiconductor substrate and having types of color filters positioned corresponding to the photoelectric conversion elements, and a microlens array including microlenses positioned corresponding to the color filters. The microlens array includes a PDAF pixel microlens positioned in a PDAF pixel of a pixel array unit and imaging pixel microlenses positioned in imaging pixels of the pixel array unit. The PDAF pixel microlens includes a lens part and a pedestal part adjoining the lens part and has a greater height than the imaging pixel microlenses.

Abstract: A privacy film may have a light-blocking layer that is interposed between first and second transparent substrates. The light-blocking layer may have a plurality of opaque portions and a plurality of transparent portions. The opaque portions may be shaped to ensure light from the display is directed only to the primary viewer of the display. Each opaque portion of the light-blocking layer may extend along a respective longitudinal axis between the first and second transparent substrates. Privacy films used to cover curved displays may have opaque portions that extend along longitudinal axes that have different angles relative to the transparent substrates. Opaque portions in the edge of the privacy film may have longitudinal axes that are at non-perpendicular angles with respect to the transparent substrates. A privacy film for a curved display may also include a light-redirecting layer such as a prism layer or a liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An optical film and a display device are provided. The optical film includes: multiple optical structures, wherein one side of each optical structure away from a display surface is provided with multiple arced surfaces for reflecting at least a portion of environment light, and each optical structure has a first refractive index; and a filling part being filled between the optical structures and having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index. Adjusting curvatures of the arced surfaces can implement the adjustment of the angle of reflection to the environment light.

Abstract: An angular filter for an image acquisition device including a stack, includes: a first array of first openings delimited by first walls opaque to a visible and/or infrared radiation; an array of microlenses; and a second array of second openings delimited by second walls opaque to the visible and/or infrared radiation.

Abstract: Provided is a wire grid polarizing element excellent in heat dissipation and excellent in transmissivity and polarization splitting properties for oblique incident light at wide-range incident angles. A wire grid polarizing element 1 of a hybrid type made of an inorganic material and an organic material includes a substrate 10 made of the inorganic material, a grid structural body 20 made of the organic material and including a base part 21 provided on the substrate 10 and a plurality of ridge portions 22, the base part and the ridge portions being integrally formed, and a functional film 30 made of a metal material and covering part of the ridge portion 22. The ridge portion 22 has an upward narrowing shape that narrows in width with distance from the base part 21. The functional film 30 covers and wraps the top of the ridge portion 22, and does not cover a bottom side of the ridge portion 22 and the base part 21.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display board and at least one image generating device. The display board has at least one display region, which includes a substrate, a decorative film, and a holographic optical element film. The decorative film is disposed on one side of the substrate. The holographic optical element film is disposed in at least one of the at least one display region, and disposed on another side of the substrate relative to the decorative film. The substrate is disposed between the decorative film and the holographic optical element film. The at least one image generating device is configured to project image light toward the holographic optical element film. The holographic optical element film is disposed between the substrate and the image generating device. The holographic optical element film converts the image light into display light, and transmits the display light toward the substrate.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a plurality of light sources or a light emitting surface, and a light guide plate which light from the light sources or the light emitting surface enters from an end surface thereof. One surface of the light guide plate in its thickness direction is provided with reflection portions, which reflect the light entering from the end surface, and an observation window. A first ratio of a provided area of the reflection portions in the observation window to an entire area of the observation window is more than 2%, and a second ratio of a provided area of the reflection portions in an other part of the light guide plate to an entire area of an other area is more than 1.2 times larger than the first ratio, the other part being a part other than the observation window in the one surface.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a panel and a backlight module arranged corresponding to the panel. The backlight module includes a light guide plate, a first optical light module and a second optical module. The first optical element is arranged on the light guide plate, and has a first prism structure. The second optical element is arranged on the first optical element, and has a second prism structure. The first prism structure has a first vertex angle, and the second prism structure has a second vertex angle greater than the first vertex angle.

Abstract: A backlight module is applied to providing light to a plurality of keyswitches of a keyboard. Each keyswitch has a keycap and an elastic member abutting against the keycap. The backlight module includes a membrane circuit board and a light guide plate. The membrane circuit board has a light emitting diode corresponding to the keyswitch. The light emitting diode is located at a side of the elastic member and emits light to the keycap. The light guide plate is disposed on the membrane circuit board. The light guide plate has a slot hole for containing the light emitting diode and has a hole corresponding to the elastic member. An optical microstructure is formed on the light guide plate for guiding light of the light emitting diode to be incident to the keycap. The elastic member passes through the hole to be disposed on the membrane circuit board.

Abstract: A multi-layer planar waveguide may be used in providing an interconnect for inter-chip and/or intra-chip signal transmission. Various embodiments to transmit optical signals are disclosed, along with designs of microLED optical assemblies, photodetector optical assemblies, waveguides, and multi-layer planar waveguides.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display panel are provided. The display panel includes a main body and a backlight module. The backlight module includes a light source and a light guide plate. By accommodating a light-emitting chip of the light source into a groove of the light guide plate, misalignment of the light source and the light guide plate is prevented so that a relative positional relationship between the light source and the light guide plate is always consistent, thereby improving the consistency and stability of the light effect of a lamp port of the backlight module.