Abstract: An electrical switching arrangement for an electrical power supply includes a live conductor. The live conductor includes electrodes for switching between first and second sides of the live conductor. The electrical switching arrangement also includes a ground conductor, an insulation block between the electrodes and the ground conductor, a first insulation member extending from the insulation block on the first side of the electrodes, and a second insulation member extending from the insulation block on the second side of the electrodes. The insulation block includes a first groove in which an edge of the first insulation member is located and a second groove in which an edge of the second insulation member is located.

Abstract: In an embodiment a device includes a first arrester unit with at least one first gas-filled surge arrester and a second arrester unit with at least one second gas-filled surge arrester, wherein the first and second arrester units are connected in series with one another between a first potential node and a reference potential node, wherein the first arrester unit and the second arrester unit are different from each other, wherein the first arrester unit includes a larger response voltage than the second arrester unit, and wherein the first arrester unit includes a smaller arc voltage than the second arrester unit.

Abstract: A winch column holds electric power conductors and static lines separate and distanced from an existing power line pole/structure during repair or replacement of the pole/structure. The winch column is temporarily anchored and stabilized to be vertical and adjacent to the existing pole/structure, and winch cables extend from the winch column height-adjustable frame to support the load of the disconnected conductors. Hoist lines also extend from the frame to support the disconnected static lines. After the repair or replacement of the pole/structure, the conductors and static lines are moved, and reconnected, to the new pole, and the winch column may be moved to another existing pole or power line or folded for storage. Whenever the winch cables handle the conductors, tension sensors provided on the frame are used to monitor and report conductor tension, for safe and effective handling and reinstallation on the new pole.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for driving a fish tape. In some embodiments, a portion of the fish tape is loaded into a driver device. Optionally, an actuator connected to the driver device moves the tape longitudinally with respect to the driver device. For example, a distal portion of the tape and/or a distal tip thereof is driven out from and/or into an exit opening of the driver device. Optionally by retaining exit opening of the driver device near an opening of a conduit, the driver drives the distal tip of the tape into or out of the conduit. In some embodiment the tape is driven by a friction wheel. In some embodiment, power is supplied by a power tool (e.g. a power screwdriver) that is reversibly attached to the driver.

Abstract: This invention has to do with a gripping cable hanger assembly system for the solar, mining, and electrical industry. The gripping cable hanger is comprised of a support wire gripping mechanism, cable carrier supports/receptacles, data carrier wire capability, space between said wire carriers with said wire comprising a shape retention material that may have a high dielectric, UV resistant coating thereon.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a conduit or pipe retention assembly for a vehicle. A vehicle fluid conduit outer perimeter surface includes one or more protrusions mechanically printed on the outer perimeter surface of the conduit or pipe. A mounting clip is mounted to the fluid conduit adjacent to one of the protrusions. The mounting clip includes retention devices for attaching the conduit to a vehicular structure.

Abstract: An embodiment describes a method for installing a single power cable span in a tunnel having an entrance and an exit. The method includes positioning a head portion of the single power cable span near the entrance and laying the single power cable span in the tunnel past the exit. The laying of the single power cable span comprises repeating a plurality of sub-steps until the head portion reaches an endpoint outside the tunnel. The plurality of sub-steps includes connecting a trolley at the entrance in a slidable manner on a rail longitudinally extending along the tunnel between the entrance and the exit, joining the trolley to a pulling rope and to the single power cable span, and moving the trolley along the rail by pulling the pulling rope by a predetermined length. Another embodiment relates to an equipment for installing a single cable span in a tunnel.

Abstract: A wiring device including an interrupting device and a controller. The interrupting device electrically connecting one or more line terminals to one or more load terminals when the interrupting device is in a reset condition and disconnecting the line terminals from the load terminals when the interrupting device is in a tripped condition. The controller has an electronic processor and a memory. The controller is configured to monitor a current of the one or more line terminals, identify a presence of an in-rush condition, wherein an in-rush of the current exists when the one or more cycles of current conform with a decay progression envelope, and prevent the tripped condition upon identifying the in-rush condition.

Abstract: A power source control device that includes: a make-and-break relay configured to either make or break conduction between a first terminal of a load and a first electrode of a direct current power source; a dark current generation circuit configured to generate a dark current by lowering a voltage of the direct current power source, in a state in which a first terminal is connected to the first electrode of the direct current power source and a second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the load so as to be parallel to the make-and-break relay; and a bypass circuit configured to dissipate some of power supplied from an external charger by making conduction between a second electrode of the direct current power source and the first terminal of the load in response to the direct current power source being charged by the external charger.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a photodetector configured to generate an electrical current based on received illumination. The apparatus also includes an integration capacitor configured to integrate the electrical current and generate an integrator voltage. The apparatus further includes an amplifier configured to control a transistor switch coupled in series between the photodetector and the integration capacitor. The apparatus also includes an event detector configured to sense a high-energy event affecting the photodetector. In addition, the apparatus includes a switchable clamp coupled across inputs of the amplifier, where the event detector is configured to close the switchable clamp in response to sensing the high-energy event.

Abstract: An electrical over stress protection device is provided. A detection circuit detects an input voltage from a pad, provides a first discharge path when the input voltage is higher than a preset voltage, and provides a turn-on voltage to a discharge protection circuit to control the discharge protection circuit to provide at least one second discharge path.

Abstract: A system for a wind turbine that includes a protection system interfaced to a circuit breaker system and a sensing system. The protection system is configured to determine an operational mode of the wind turbine by monitoring at least two parameters determine a parameter set comprising a plurality of operational parameters based on a determined operational mode, and an associated set of expected values corresponding to the parameter set, determine actual values corresponding to the determined parameter set, identify a fault condition in the event that the determined set of actual values of the operational parameters do not correspond to the determined set of expected values of the operational parameters, and implement a protection action based on the identified fault condition.

Abstract: A circuit includes input terminals adapted to be coupled to a battery; a ground terminal; and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit coupled to the input terminals. The ESD protection circuit includes: a switch coupled between the ground terminal and the input terminals; and a control circuit coupled to the input terminals and to the switch. The control circuit is configured to: detect an ESD event at one of the input terminals; detect a transient voltage at one of the input terminals, in which the transient voltage is caused by an initial coupling of that input terminal to the battery; detect a condition in which the switch has been closed for longer than a threshold amount of time; close the switch responsive to the detected ESD event; and open the switch responsive to the detected transient voltage or the detected condition.

Abstract: A power detection circuit is provided. The protection circuit is coupled to a pad and includes a trigger circuit and a discharge circuit. The trigger circuit includes a first transistor of a first conductivity type and a second transistor, also of the first conductivity type, which are coupled in series between the pad and a ground terminal. The trigger circuit detects whether a transient even occurs on the pad. The discharge circuit is coupled between the bonding pad and the ground terminal and controlled by the trigger circuit. In response to the transient event occurring on the bonding pad, the trigger circuit generates a trigger voltage to trigger the discharge circuit to provide a discharge path between the pad and the ground terminal.

Abstract: A DC voltage grid includes an electrical conductor electrically interconnecting electrical components, with a DC voltage applied between parts of the electrical conductor. An actuator is configured to vary the DC voltage such that a value of the DC voltage depends on at least one state of the DC voltage grid. Information about the at least one state is transmitted to the electrical components of the DC voltage grid by way of the DC voltage. A wind farm having wind turbines connected to such a DC voltage grid and a method for operating such a DC voltage grid or such a wind farm are also disclosed. The DC voltage of the DC voltage grid is controlled or regulated depending on a state of the DC voltage grid.

Abstract: A building energy management system includes building equipment, a data collector, an analytics service, a timeseries database, and an energy management application. The building equipment monitor and control one or more variables in the building energy management system and provide data samples of the one or more variables. The data collector collects the data samples from the building equipment and generates a data timeseries including a plurality of the data samples. The analytics service performs one or more analytics using the data timeseries and generates a results timeseries including a plurality of result samples indicating results of the analytics. The timeseries database stores the data timeseries and the results timeseries. The energy management application retrieves the data timeseries and the results timeseries from the timeseries database in response to a request for timeseries data associated with the one or more variables.

Abstract: A system and method for data collection and aggregation using a distributed network of communications enabled sensors connected to another primary network to achieve a secondary out-of-band monitoring perspective, for example, in power grids. The data collection system includes an aggregation and processing server configured to collect data from a variety of sensors adjacent to the monitored network each sensor includes secondary power such that it can continue data transmission even during power grid outages. The data collection system includes a method for secure real-time data ingest, machine learning enabled analysis, risk assessment, and anomaly detection on a broad geographic scale irrespective of isolated network boundaries.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for performing load reduction optimization. In one aspect, a method includes accessing load reduction parameters for a load reduction event, accessing energy consumption models for multiple systems involved in the load reduction event, and performing, based on the load reduction parameters and the energy consumption models, a plurality of simulations of load reduction events that simulate variations in control parameters used to control the multiple systems. The method also includes optimizing, against a load reduction curve, the load reduction event by iteratively modifying the control parameters used in the plurality of simulations of load reduction events, and outputting the optimal load reduction event with optimized control parameters.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for detecting an anomaly in a power network are described. A method for detecting an anomaly in a power network includes determining a baseline power usage in the power network, receiving data indicative of an active power usage in the power network, detecting an anomaly based on a difference between the baseline power usage and the active power usage, isolating a fault for an element in the power network, responsive to detecting the anomaly, and transmitting fault isolation information indicating the fault to a user device. Related devices and systems may perform operations of the method described herein.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for solving Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problems, such as Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problems used by power grid authorities to perform day-ahead market clearing. In certain examples, a plurality of threads of a software tool implementing a concurrent optimizer can be executed concurrently and sequentially to generate new solutions to a SCUC problem for an upcoming planning horizon. Data can be shared among the concurrently executing threads, such as intermediate/incumbent solutions and hints regarding the fixing of variables and constraints to reduce the size of the SCUC problem. In some examples, the threads are seeded with historical solutions from prior planning horizons. The software tool can select a best solution from the solutions generated by the threads, and determine dispatch instructions for a device coupled to the power grid for the upcoming planning horizon based at least in part on the selected solution.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for damping power system oscillations in a power system network having one or more local inverter-based generators within a plant, the plant connected to a grid at a point of intersection (POI). The system and method include a plant-level controller or local controller that receives one or more grid signals having a characteristic indicative of a power system oscillation. The plant-level controller or local controller generates an auxiliary signal from the grid signals that is used by the local controller of the inverter-based generators. At the local controller, the auxiliary signal is used to modulate reactive power output from the inverter-based generator to change a voltage at the POI, the voltage change damping the power system oscillations.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for off-grid load stabilization. For instance, the method may include: receiving generator data from at least one generator and energy storage data from at least one energy store; determining, based on the generator data and/or the energy storage data, a moving average of a system load of the at least one generator; and determining, based on the generator data and/or the energy storage data, an instantaneous load value of the at least one generator. The method may further include: determining a first electronic storage dispatch (ESD) based on the moving average of the system load and the instantaneous load value of the at least one generator; and providing the first ESD to the at least one energy store.

Abstract: A microgrid system is described. The microgrid system includes a Hodrick-Prescott filter configured to generate a filtered power based on an electrical power that is generated from an renewable energy. The microgrid system further includes a battery configured to output a battery power based on the electrical power and the filtered power. Also, the microgrid system includes a state of charge (SoC) control module configured to control charging and discharging of the battery by applying a feedback control on the output battery power.

Abstract: A voltage source converter (VSC) system of a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system is disclosed. The system includes a number of line-commutated converter (LCC) transformers. Each LCC transformer is operable to transform alternate current (AC) voltage. A number of VSC converter units are connected in series and coupled to the plurality of LCC transformers. Each VSC converter unit is operable to convert between the AC voltage and direct current (DC) voltage. A bypass breaker is connected in parallel with at least one of the VSC converter units and operable to be closed to bypass the at least one VSC converter unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are unique systems and processes to transport water or fluids within pipelines by generating electricity along various portions of the water pipeline route using micro hydroelectric turbines (also referred to herein as mini-turbines) placed in-line inside of (or adjacent to/parallel with) the pipeline at one or more distances. The mini-turbines are connected via wiring systems to the pump stations at the bottom of declines in the pipeline to generate electricity via gravity flow of the water through the pipeline, and then provide such electricity to a pump to propel or pump the water up inclined portions of the pipeline route. In this manner, water or fluids can be transported from a first location to a second location along significant distances through a pipeline while reducing the electrical consumption from a third-party electrical power grid.

Abstract: A power control method comprises: obtaining voltage information of each input circuit; generating a first control signal based on the voltage information and a bus voltage value; converting a voltage of each input circuit into a bus voltage based on the first control signal; obtaining load information; generating a second control signal based on the load information and the bus voltage value; converting the bus voltage into a load voltage based on the second control signal; and outputting the load voltage.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system, a method for locating devices in a photovoltaic string, a MLPE apparatus, and a method for ranking MLPE apparatuses. Each MLPE apparatus sends, actively according to a predetermine rule, an initial message to the other MLPE apparatuses. The initial message includes a serial number corresponding to said MLPE apparatus and an accumulated operation duration of said MLPE apparatus. The MLPE apparatuses determine the rank of the accumulated operation duration of each MLPE apparatus according to the initial messages sent from all MLPE apparatuses. After each MLPE apparatus communicates with a communication host, the MLPE apparatuses reports the rank of the accumulated operation duration of each MLPE apparatus to the communication host. Thereby, the communication host may determine a physical location of each device in the photovoltaic string according to the ranks of the accumulated operation durations and a sequence of installing positions of the devices in the photovoltaic string.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for charging a DC voltage source from an AC voltage network. The circuit includes an input that is able to receive an AC voltage from the voltage network, and a first output able to be connected to the DC voltage source. An insulating stage formed using a plurality of capacitors is arranged so as to electrically insulate the input from the first output of the circuit. A frequency-raising stage is arranged between the input of the circuit and the insulating stage so that the capacitors of the insulating stage are in a circuit portion that has flowing through it an AC current at a frequency that is greater than that of the AC network.

Abstract: The power supply system of the present invention includes a wireless electricity transmitter and a wireless electricity receiver transmitting electricity by electromagnetic coupling. The wireless electricity receiver is further connected to a vibrator of a vibrating processing apparatus to transmit electricity thereto. The wireless electricity transmitter has a controller to monitor the operating voltage and the operating current of the transmitter, and alternates the oscillation frequency of the operating voltage according to the phase difference between the operating voltage and the operating current. Thereby, the oscillation frequency may approach the resonance frequency of the vibrator in order to improve the efficiency of electricity transmission. Also, the distance between the wireless electricity transmitter and the wireless electricity receiver can be increased.

Abstract: The vehicle includes a first communication device for directly or indirectly communicating with the ground power supplying apparatus by wide area wireless communication with a communication distance of greater than or equal to 10 meters, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to request the ground power supplying apparatus cancel supply of power to the vehicle by the wide area wireless communication when a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A contactless power feeding system includes: a power converter which converts DC power from a DC power supply, to AC power; a power transmission electrode to which AC power converted by the power converter is applied; a power reception device having a power reception electrode, receiving power through capacitive coupling between the power transmission and reception electrodes, and feeding power to a load; a voltage detection unit which detects voltage of the power transmission electrode; and a control unit which controls the DC power supply or the power converter using voltage detected by the voltage detection unit. The voltage detection unit has a voltage detection electrode and detects voltage of the power transmission electrode through capacitive coupling between the power transmission electrode and the voltage detection electrode.

Abstract: A wireless power receiving device, according to the disclosure, comprises: at least one power receiving antenna for sequentially receiving a plurality of different RF waves formed by a wireless power transmitting device; a communication circuit; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to confirm a plurality of pieces of strength information that indicates the strength of each of the plurality of different RF waves, confirm a plurality of pieces of phase information corresponding to each of the plurality of different RF waves, confirm, on the basis of the plurality of pieces of strength information and the plurality of pieces of phase information, an optimum phase value such that a received RF wave has a maximum strength, and transmit a communication signal including information about the optimum phase value to the wireless power transmitting device through the communication circuit. Additional various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for implementing a power harvesting protocol at a network entity and a channel engineering device (CED) of a wireless communication network. In some aspects, the network entity and the CED may implement a power harvesting protocol that includes power harvesting capabilities and configuration signaling to support power harvesting at the CED. The CED may provide a power harvesting capabilities message to the network entity that includes a parameter that indicates capabilities for power harvesting at the CED. The network entity may respond with a power harvesting configuration message to configure the CED for power harvesting. After configuration of the CED, the network entity may transmit dedicated and non-dedicated (or opportunistic) power harvesting signals to the CED for use by the CED for power harvesting.

Abstract: A wireless charging device (20) and a to-be-charged device (10) are provided, to support two or more wireless charging technologies, so as to optimize a circuit design and improve power transmission efficiency. The to-be-charged device (10) includes: a first receiving coil, configured to receive an electromagnetic signal based on a first wireless charging technology, and convert the electromagnetic signal into an alternating current signal; and a second receiving coil, configured to receive an electromagnetic signal based on a second wireless charging technology, and convert the electromagnetic signal into an alternating current signal, where the first wireless charging technology and the second wireless charging technology support different resonance frequency ranges.

Abstract: A repeater for a wireless power transfer system is disclosed. The repeaters includes an elongated strip of material arranged in a substantially circular configuration with opposing ends of the elongated strip disposed in close proximity to each other, an inductive element associated with the elongated strip and arranged to provide a coupling with an adjacent resonator through flux directed outward from a first surface of the elongated strip, and a capacitive element associated with the elongated strip and arranged to resonate electromagnetic energy with the inductive element when the electromagnetic energy is transferred from the adjacent resonator through the coupling provided by the inductive element.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for detecting electrically conductive foreign bodies during inductive energy transmission between a primary coil (1) and a secondary coil (2), at least one sensor coil (5) is arranged between the primary coil (1) and the secondary coil (2), and a current flowing in the sensor coil (5) due to the induced voltage during the energy transmission is detected and evaluated. In this case, the sensor coil (5) is connected to at least one capacitor to form a resonant circuit which is matched to the excitation frequency of the primary coil (1). The phase position of the current in the resonant circuit in relation to a reference signal is then used to determine whether there are electrically conductive foreign bodies (4) between the primary coil (1) and the secondary coil (2). A high degree of sensitivity, also in relation to small electrically conductive foreign bodies within the energy transmission path, is achieved by means of the method and the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an autonomous wireless charging system, and more specifically, to a tray-type case and a high-precision autonomous wireless charging system based on power loss tracking, whereby, in terms of performance, the center position of a power receiving coil of a wireless device having a battery mounted therein, the wireless device being placed on top of a charger pad, is precisely tracked through a controller in the system by periodically tracking a difference in the increase/decrease of a power loss value generated in the process of foreign object detection of a power transmitter, and even when the position of the wireless device shifts, a power transmitting coil mounted in a moving device unit is accurately repositioned to the changed position through threshold value identification or, when necessary, by the selective use of a sensor matrix, thereby enabling the centers of the power transmitting coil and the power receiving coil to always coincide, and thus a maximum level of wirele

Abstract: A wireless power receiver system includes a receiver antenna including a plurality of receiver coils, each of the plurality of receiver coils configured to receive alternating current (AC) wireless power signals from a wireless power transmission system. The system further includes a receiver controller configured to generate communications signals. The system further includes a plurality of modulation circuits, each of the plurality of modulation circuits operatively associated with one of the plurality of receiver coils and the receiver controller, each of the plurality of modulation circuits configured to partially dampen a magnetic field, coupling the wireless power receiver system with the wireless power transmission system, based on the communication signals provided to each of the plurality of modulation circuits by the receiver controller.

Abstract: A means for determining a place and a time at which maintenance is carried out by enabling objective measurement of the status of an object. A power receiving-type information transmission device that is provided in a long body, which is a measurement object, the power receiving-type information transmission device including power receiver for wirelessly receiving power supply from a moving body configured to be movable along a track, information acquisition receiver for acquiring information regarding a physical change occurring in the long body by consuming power obtained by the power receiving receiver, and transmitter for wirelessly transmitting the information to the moving body by consuming the power obtained by the power receiver.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for providing a wireless charging device are disclosed. A method for operating the wireless charging device includes transmitting a first pulse through each of a plurality of charging circuits, determining peak voltage at nodes in the plurality of charging circuits, each node coupling a transmitting coil to a capacitor in one charging circuit in the plurality of charging circuits, the peak voltage at each node being responsive to the first pulse and indicative of a coupling coefficient with a receiving coil in a chargeable device, determining that a minimum peak voltage responsive to the first pulse is associated with a first charging circuit in the plurality of charging circuits, and providing a first charging current to the first charging circuit.

Abstract: A battery management system may include a plurality of balancing resistors respectively forming balancing discharging paths of cells connected in series to each other, a plurality of balancing switches respectively connected between the cells and the balancing resistors, and configured to control cell-balancing of each of the cells, a voltage-detecting circuit for detecting respective cell voltages of the cells, and a battery controller for acquiring respective balancing capacities of the cells based on the cell voltages, for obtaining duty cycles of the balancing switches according to the balancing capacities, and for scaling the duty cycles of the balancing switches according to a sum of duty cycles of two adjacent cells from among the cells.

Abstract: The controller controls a cell selection circuit to electrically connect both ends of a cell to be discharged among n cells connected in series and both ends of the inductor for a predetermined time. Next, the controller controls the cell selection circuit to electrically cut off the n cells and the inductor, and turn on the clamp switch. Next, the controller turns off the clamp switch, and controls the cell selection circuit to electrically connect both ends of a cell to be charged among the n cells and both ends of the inductor for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A jump starter device can include sensors to measure data of a vehicle coupled to the jump starter device. The jump starter device can include a controller configured to process the load data to determine the status of the load, such as the conditions of the vehicle connected to the jump starter.

Abstract: A smart ring charging system comprises a charging source integrated into an object, the object configured to be held by a user wearing a smart ring. The smart ring may include a ring-shaped housing and a power source disposed within or at the ring-shaped housing and configured to receive energy from the charging source while the user is wearing the smart ring and holding the object. A controller may be disposed within or at the ring-shaped housing, or at the object with the charger and configured to estimate a charging rate at which the power source receives the energy from the charging source. The system may further include one or more indicators configured to indicate the charging rate.

Abstract: Charging/recharging systems and charge status indicators are provided. In one implementation, a charge status indicator includes a charge sensing device configured to sense the charge of a rechargeable power supply. The charge status indicator further includes a detection device configured to compare the sensed charge with a plurality of predetermined levels in order to determine one of a plurality of capacity ranges of the rechargeable power supply. The charge status indicator also includes a first light emitting diode (LED), a second LED, and a switching circuit configured to switch the first and second LEDs on and off using a plurality of predefined illumination patterns to indicate the capacity range of the rechargeable power supply.

Abstract: A sterile battery charging device and assembly for charging within a sterile field. The battery charging assembly includes a base unit having a first interface and a second interface. The assembly additionally includes a high capacity battery connectable to the first interface and a low capacity battery connectable to the second interface. The base unit retrieves power from the high capacity battery and transmits power to the low capacity battery. The high capacity battery and the low capacity battery are interchangeably connectable to the base unit.

Abstract: Battery pack for use with a portable device, including colored LEDs for presenting a high granularity battery charge state, are disclosed. One embodiment includes a red and a green LED, wherein solid and blinking patterns are presented by the LEDs to correspond to a relative battery charge state. Other battery state indications, such as failure states, may also be presented on the colored LEDs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for adjusting a maximum charge amount of a battery. Batteries have preferred usage parameters, such as charging rates, maximum charge amounts, heat, etc. Throughout a battery's lifespan, it is used in different ways that are outside of these parameters. This slowly degrades the quality of the battery. According to the present disclosure, this usage is monitored and accounted for so as to increase the lifespan of the battery and prevent or reduce further degradation. Specifically, the usage is separated into bins, such as temperature and voltage bins. Each bin is associated with a different weighting factors. The amount of time the battery has spent in each bin is multiplied by the corresponding weighting factors, and these values are summed to provide an overall degradation value of the battery. Charging or other aspects of the battery are then controlled according to this degradation value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for determining, applying, and/or managing the state-of-health of fuel cell to control the lifespan of the fuel cell in a vehicle and/or powertrain.

Abstract: A battery pack in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first cell, a memory device, a target current calculator, and an information notifier. The memory device stores a maximum variation of a charging current value. The maximum variation is determined depending on a characteristic of the battery pack. The target current calculator calculates a newest value of a target current value based on (i) a previous value of the target current value and (ii) the maximum variation. The information notifier transmits a charge condition information including the newest value.