Abstract: A battery pack and a vehicle, wherein the battery pack includes a box assembly, a battery unit, a constraint component and an outer cover, the box assembly includes a box body and a fixed beam, the fixed beam is fixed in the box body; the battery unit is arranged in the box body; the constraint component covers the battery unit and is fixed with the fixed beam; and the outer cover is arranged on one side of the constraint component away from the box body to seal an open end of the box body.

Abstract: A cylindrical battery includes a metal can, an electrode assembly mounted in the metal can, a top cap closing an upper end of the metal can, the top cap having an exhaust hole, a safety vent located at an upper end of the electrode assembly, and a gas discharge member provided in the safety vent, in which the gas discharge member includes a thin film part having at least two thin films.

Abstract: A energy storage device for cycling between a charged state and a discharged state, the energy storage device including an enclosure, an electrode assembly and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte within the enclosure, and a constraint that maintains a pressure on the electrode assembly as the energy storage device is cycled between the charged and the discharged states.

Abstract: A solid ion conductor, a solid electrolyte and electrochemical device including the same, and a method of preparing the solid ion conductor are disclosed. The solid ion conductor includes a compound represented by Formula 1: LiaMbM?cXdOe??Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, M is one or more metals selected from Lu, Ho, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Ga, In, Ce, Pr, Ti, Zr, or Hf, each having an oxidation number of +3 or +4, M? is one or more metals selected from Na, K, Cs, Cu, or Ag, each having an oxidation number of +1, X is one or more halogens, 0<a<4, 0.5<b<1.5, 0?c<1.5, 0<d<6.5, and 0<e<1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid-state battery that is based on a phthalocyanine solid-state electrolyte/anode connection that is chemically obtained. Such chemical connection process yields a solid electrolyte interphase that connects the solid-state battery's phthalocyanine solid-state electrolyte and anode. Unlike other processes for forming solid-state electrolyte/anode connections, the present chemical process does not require that solid-state electrolyte be ductile and flow under high pressure.

Abstract: Gel polymer electrolyte compositions including a cross-linked three-dimensional polymer network and an electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte and water are disclosed. The gel polymer electrolyte compositions can be included in an aqueous electrochemical cell, in which a gel polymer electrolyte can be positioned between an anode and a cathode. Methods of forming a gel polymer electrolyte in the form of a film, and methods of forming an aqueous electrochemical cell including a gel polymer electrolyte, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermosetting electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery, a gel polymer electrolyte prepared therefrom, and a lithium secondary battery including the gel polymer electrolyte, and particularly, to a thermosetting electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery, which includes LiPF6 as a first lithium salt, a second lithium salt excluding the LiPF6, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a polymer or oligomer containing a unit represented by Formula 1, a gel polymer electrolyte prepared therefrom, and a lithium secondary battery including the gel polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: Methods of reducing acid stratification with an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight are disclosed herein. Electrolytes and separators for an energy storage device are disclosed herein. The separator includes a coating containing an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. The electrolyte includes sulfuric acid and an acid-soluble and acid-stable polymer with a high molecular weight. Methods of making the separators disclosed herein and methods of making batteries are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Electrolytes are described with additives that provide good shelf life with improved cycling stability properties. The electrolytes can provide appropriate high voltage stability for high capacity positive electrode active materials. The core electrolyte generally can comprise from about 1.1M to about 2.5M lithium electrolyte salt and a solvent that consists essentially of fluoroethylene carbonate and/or ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and optionally no more than about 40 volume percent methyl ethyl carbonate, and wherein the lithium electrolyte salt is selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4 and combinations thereof. Desirable stabilizing additives include, for example, dimethyl methylphosphonate, thiophene or thiophene derivatives, and/or LiF with an anion complexing agent.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising linear carbonate compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a non-aqueous electrolyte including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a compound represented by Formula 1 as a first additive, and a polymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 2-1, Formula 2-2, and Formula 2-3 as a second additive: all the variables are described herein.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a negative electrode containing a lithium silicate phase and silicon particles dispersed in the lithium silicate phase and an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine-containing linear carboxylic acid ester represented by R1—(CO)O—CH2—R2 (wherein R1 is an alkyl group and R2 is an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with fluorine).

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a laminated power storage device disclosed herein includes a step A of preparing an electrode body to which an electrode terminal is connected, a step B of preparing a laminated film, a step C of building a power storage device assembly in which the electrode body is covered with the laminated film and is sealed, and a step D of placing the power storage device assembly in a predetermined reduced-pressure atmosphere. The power storage device assembly has a welding portion in which the laminated films are stacked and welded together in a state in which part of the electrode terminal is protruded to the outside from between the laminated films around the electrode body. A pressure of the reduced-pressure atmosphere in the step D is set so as to guarantee that a weld strength of the welding portion is not less than a predetermined strength.

Abstract: A wearable device needs to have a design corresponding to complicated surfaces of human bodies. Thus, an electronic device that can fit the characteristics of each individual human body after being purchased and can be worn naturally and comfortably is provided. The electronic device includes a secondary battery which can be transformed. By using a secondary battery which can be transformed, for example, a secondary battery can be efficiently placed in a narrow and elongated space in the electronic device, and the elongated secondary battery can be bent together with the electronic device. Furthermore, the weight balance of the electronic device can be easily adjusted.

Abstract: This application provides a positive electrode plate and an electrochemical apparatus and device associated therewith. The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and a safety layer disposed between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector. The safety layer includes a binding substance, a conductive substance, and a special sensitive substance, where the special sensitive substance is at least one product of esterification of polysaccharide in which a degree of esterification of monosaccharide units is 35% to 98%. The electrochemical apparatus prepared by using the positive electrode plate of this application has significantly improved safety and electrical performance (such as cycling performance).

Abstract: This application relates to the battery field, and discloses a battery module and an electric vehicle using the battery module. The battery module includes a battery, a plugging member, and a temperature collection assembly. The battery includes a housing and a cover plate connected to the housing, where the cover plate is provided with a temperature collection hole. The plugging member includes an insertion portion that is installed in the temperature collection hole, and the insertion portion is provided with an accommodating cavity extending into an interior of the housing. The temperature collection assembly includes a temperature collection portion installed inside the accommodating cavity. According to this application, the temperature collection assembly collects a temperature inside the housing via the plugging member in the temperature collection hole. In this way, temperature collection is more accurate, a thermal conductive path is short, and a temperature collection response speed is fast.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a smart battery. The smart battery includes a battery shell, layered cells, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an embedded multi-source sensor group and an intelligent chip. The smart battery can detect the temperature and the pressure of the core of the battery and the current of the battery in real time by using the intelligent chip and the embedded multi-source sensor group, thereby realizing a real-time monitoring of the working state and safety state of the battery, and improving a safety and the reliability of the battery on the basis of realizing the self-sensing function of the battery. The modification to the conventional battery structure by adding the intelligent chip and the embedded multi-source sensor group makes up the gap in research and development, manufacturing and production of the smart battery on the premise of ensuring that the battery volume remains unchanged.

Abstract: Disclosed are a battery cell self-discharge current detection method, apparatus, and device, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: controlling a constant voltage source to start charging a battery cell at a first moment, and acquiring a first rate of change of a target current over time in a first preset duration after the first moment; controlling, in the case where the first rate of change is greater than a first threshold value, a constant current source and the constant voltage source to charge the battery cell; acquiring, in the case of reaching a second moment, a second rate of change of the target current over time in a second preset duration after the second moment, wherein the second moment is a moment when the time for charging the battery cell using the constant current source and the constant voltage source reaches a third preset duration; and determining.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a battery pack including a housing, a plurality of battery cells supported by the housing, and a terminal block. The terminal block is configured to be coupled to a power tool to provide operating power from the plurality of battery cells to the power tool. The terminal block has a positive power terminal, a charging terminal, and a ground terminal. The battery pack also includes a charging circuit provided between the charging terminal and the plurality of battery cells. The charging circuit is configured to receive and transfer charging current above 12 Amperes to the plurality of battery cells during charging. The charging circuit includes a charging switch and a fuse coupled between the charging terminal and the charging switch.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a system operating a method of controlling a temperature at a battery cell of the vehicle. The system includes the battery cell, a temperature sensor and a processor. The battery cell has a tab for flow of current to and from the battery cell. The temperature sensor is configured to measure a cell temperature of the battery cell at a location away from the tab. The processor is configured to predict a tab temperature from the cell temperature, and control a power supplied to a load from the battery cell based on the tab temperature.

Abstract: A method includes processing at least one battery into a plurality of core sections. Each core section in the plurality of core sections includes an anode section, a cathode section including a cathode material, a separator section disposed between the anode section and the cathode section, and an electrolyte. The method also includes disposing the plurality of core sections into a solvent so as to produce a mixture of cathode materials from the plurality of core sections. The solvent and the electrolyte form an ionic conductive medium, and the mixture of the cathode materials is characterized by a substantially homogeneous distribution of an active element in the cathode material.

Abstract: A method for recovering lithium battery slurry, the method comprising: pretreating lithium battery slurry, and then subjecting the pretreated lithium battery slurry to centrifugal spray drying to separate a solid phase and a solvent. A device for the recovery of lithium battery slurry is a centrifugal spray drying system, and comprises a spray chamber (100), a cyclone separator (200), a condenser (400), a condensate storage tank (500), and a rectification tower (600); the system improves upon original centrifugal spray drying devices, and is designed to combine the processes of centrifugal spray drying and NMP condensation recovery, such that NMP can be directly recovered after separation of positive electrode material and the NMP.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery module including: a battery group including a plurality of battery cells stacked with each other; a cooling plate which is located in contact with one side of the battery group to cool the plurality of battery cells; and a case which is located on the other side of the battery group so as to surround the battery group, wherein the case comprises an upper cover located on the other side of the battery group; and side covers which vertically extend from the upper cover so as to surround side portions of the plurality of battery cells from which electrode tabs protrude.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a drive unit fitted to a rear axle of the electric vehicle to transmit drive power generated by a motor to rear wheels of the electric vehicle, an auxiliary electric device group including a plurality of auxiliary electric devices disposed in a cab area which is disposed under a cab of the electric vehicle and between side rails which constitute a ladder frame of the electric vehicle, a battery pack disposed between the drive unit and the auxiliary electric device group and between the side rails, a power distribution device disposed on an auxiliary electric device group side of the battery pack and between the side rails to distribute power from the battery pack to the auxiliary electric devices, and a drive power supply device disposed on a drive unit side of the battery pack to supply power from the battery pack to the motor.

Abstract: A battery unit equipped in a vehicle includes a battery, a case accommodating the battery, an upper surface covering material covering an upper surface of the battery in the case, an intake portion provided on the upper surface covering material and configured to take in air from an outside of the case to above the battery, a lower surface covering material covering a lower surface of the battery in the case, an exhaust portion provided on the lower surface covering material and configured to discharge air that has cooled or heated the battery, a fan disposed below the lower surface covering material, configured to take in air discharged from the exhaust portion, and discharge the air between the lower surface covering material and a bottom surface of the case.

Abstract: A battery management support device that is configured to acquire information on an electric vehicle including a battery that is rechargeable with electric power received from an external power supply. The information includes at least information when the electric vehicle is parked indicating a temperature of the battery, information when the electric vehicle is parked indicating an electrical connection state between the electric vehicle and the external power supply, and information when the electric vehicle is parked indicating an operation state of a cooling device for the battery.

Abstract: A battery module includes a battery cell assembly having a plurality of battery cells, a sensing assembly which covers a front and rear of the battery cell assembly when mounted thereto, a module case which receives the battery cell assembly and the mounted sensing assembly, and a thermally conductive adhesive interposed between an upper inner surface of the module case and an upper side of the battery cell assembly. The sensing assembly includes a first busbar frame assembly positioned at the front of the battery cell assembly, a second busbar frame assembly positioned at the rear of the battery cell assembly, and a sensing wire which connects the first and second busbar frame assemblies and runs across the upper side of the battery cell assembly in a diagonal direction. The thermally conductive adhesive is disposed on two sides of the sensing wire.

Abstract: The battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a battery cell stack, in which a plurality of battery cells comprising electrode leads, are stacked; busbars connecting the electrode leads; and a temperature control unit that makes contact with the electrode leads. The temperature control unit comprises a heat transfer member that makes contact with the electrode leads and a thermoelectric element capable of being heated and cooled, wherein the heat transfer member comprises a metal layer and a metal oxide layer, the metal oxide layer being located between the metal layer and the electrode leads.

Abstract: A fuel cell-battery system includes: a battery module including a battery that stores electric power and a coolant line through which coolant circulates to cool the battery; a fuel cell module including a hydrogen tank that stores hydrogen, a fuel cell that produces the electric power using the hydrogen, and a hydrogen line that connects the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell to deliver the hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the fuel cell; and a heat exchange module through which the coolant line and the hydrogen line pass such that the coolant is cooled by heat exchange with the hydrogen and the hydrogen is heated by heat exchange with the coolant.

Abstract: An apparatus for powering trucks including a power module skid and supporting structure for fitting on a truck. The skid housing hydrogen fuel cell modules, battery sub packs, cooling means and cooling management, and integrated power electronics, to provide an electrical drive train of the truck with a constant high voltage DC power supply. An integrated system using renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gases using one or more trucks, in which an integrated system includes: means for providing renewable energy; means for using the renewable energy to synthesise hydrogen; means for storing the synthesised hydrogen; The integrated system includes hybrid hydrogen power modules fitted to each truck including hydrogen fuel cell modules and battery sub packs so that the battery sub packs and the battery sub packs are recharged by the hydrogen fuel cells.

Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery, in which a reduction in the permeability of an electrolyte solution and an increase in resistance even when the density of the electrode is increased, can be suppressed. In the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, a layer in which the diffusion rate of an electrolyte solution is greater than in an active material layer is disposed between a current collector and an active material layer. Specifically, the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a current collector, and an electrode active material layer containing an electrode active material, the electrode active material layer being formed on at least one side of the current collector, in which an electroconductive layer containing solid electrolyte particles and electroconductive particles is disposed between the current collector and the electrode active material layer.

Abstract: To lower electrical resistance by increasing the interfacial surface area and the adhesion between a current collector and an active material or an electrolyte, or between the active material and the electrolyte in an all-solid-state battery. In addition, to improve battery performance by eliminating or minimizing residual carbon originating from a binder. A slurry, composed of an electrode active material and a solvent, and a slurry, composed of electrolyte particles and a solvent, can be impacted against a target and thereby attached thereto to form a high-density layer and improve adhesion. Moreover, residual carbon is eliminated or minimized by eliminating or minimizing the content of binders, thereby improving battery performance.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compositions for the solution-phase deposition of thin films comprising one or more artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. The thin films can be coated onto the surface of porous components of electrochemical devices, such as solid-state electrolytes employed in rechargeable batteries. The methods and systems provided herein involve exposing the component to be coated to different liquid reagents in sequential processing steps, with optional intervening rinsing and drying steps. Processing may occur in a single reaction chamber or multiple reaction chambers.

Abstract: A method for renovation of a consumed anode in a metal-air cell without dismantling the cell according to embodiments of the present invention comprising circulating electrolyte through the cell to evacuate used slurry from the cell, circulating electrolyte with fresh slurry into the cell and allowing sedimentation of the fresh slurry inside the cell to form an anode and compacting the slurry to reduce the gaps between its particles.

Abstract: An electrode structure and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The disclosed electrode structures may be manufactured by depositing a first release layer on a first carrier substrate. A first protective layer may be deposited on a surface of the first release layer and a first electroactive material layer may then be deposited on the first protective layer.

Abstract: A coated cathode material includes a cathode active material and an interfacial layer coating the cathode active material. The interfacial layer includes a lithium-containing fluoride which includes at least one additional metal different from lithium.

Abstract: An engineered particle for an energy storage device, the engineered particle includes an active material particle, capable of storing alkali ions, comprising an outer surface, a conductive coating disposed on the outer surface of the active material particle, the conductive coating comprising a MxAlySizOw film; and at least one carbon particle disposed within the conductive coating. For the MxAlySizOw film, M is an alkali selected from the group consisting of Na and Li, and 1?x?4, 0?y?1, 1?z?2, and 3?w?6.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material which includes a core including artificial graphite, and a carbon coating layer disposed on the surface of the core, wherein an edge plane of the negative electrode active material has a specific surface area of 1.0 m2/g to 1.9 m2/g, a negative electrode including the same, and a secondary battery including the negative electrode.

Abstract: A three-dimensional porous silicon/carbon composite material includes a three-dimensional porous skeleton, a filler layer, and a coating layer. The three-dimensional porous skeleton is a three-dimensional porous carbon skeleton; the filler layer includes silicon particles and conductive carbon; the filler layer is formed by scattering the silicon particles evenly and dispersively in the conductive carbon; and the coating layer is a carbon coating layer. The present invention provides the three-dimensional porous silicon/carbon composite material with long cycle and low expansion, a method for preparing the same, and a use thereof.

Abstract: An electrode comprising a space group Pna21 VOPO4 lattice, capable of electrochemical insertion and release of alkali metal ions, e.g., sodium ions. The VOPO4 lattice may be formed by solid phase synthesis of KVOPO4, milled with carbon particles to increase conductivity. A method of forming an electrode is provided, comprising milling a mixture of ammonium metavanadate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, and potassium carbonate; heating the milled mixture to a reaction temperature, and holding the reaction temperature until a solid phase synthesis of KVOPO4 occurs; milling the KVOPO4 together with conductive particles to form a conductive mixture of fine particles; and adding binder material to form a conductive cathode. A sodium ion battery is provided having a conductive NaVOPO4 cathode derived by replacement of potassium in KVOPO4, a sodium ion donor anode, and a sodium ion transport electrolyte. The VOPO4, preferably has a volume greater than 90 ?3 per VOPO4.

Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an active material wherein a volume variation due to charge/discharge is small. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an active material comprising at least Si and Al, including a silicon clathrate type crystal phase, and a proportion of the Al to a total of the Si and the Al is 0.1 atm % or more and 1 atm % or less.

Abstract: An alloy anode for a seawater based aqueous battery and a universal strategy for preparing anodes for use in seawater based aqueous batteries. Zn-M alloys (where M can be manganese or other transition metal) were prepared by co-electrodeposition in the presence of hydrogen bubble formation to produce a porous nanostructured alloy that can serve as an anode for a seawater based aqueous battery. Exemplary Zn—Mn alloy anodes achieved stability over thousands of cycles even under harsh electrochemical conditions, including testing in seawater-based aqueous electrolytes and using a high current density of 80 mA cm?2. The anode design strategy allows for the production of durable electrodes for aqueous batteries and other applications.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes a current collector, and an active material-containing layer which is formed on a surface of the current collector and includes a plurality of niobium titanium composite oxide particles. A X-ray diffraction pattern using a Cu-K? ray source with respect to a surface of the active material-containing layer includes a peak A with a highest intensity in a range of 2?=26°±0.2° and a peak B with a highest intensity in a range of 2?=23.9°±0.2°. An intensity ratio (Ia/Ib) between an intensity Ia of the peak A and an intensity Ib of the peak B is in a range of 1.80 or more to 2.60 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method for preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprises: a lithium metal compound; and a lithium compound disposed on the surface of the lithium metal compound, wherein the content of lithium contained in the lithium compound is 0.25 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the lithium metal compound, wherein the specific surface area of the lithium compound is between 0.5 m2/g and 2.0 m2/g, and the pH of the lithium compound is between 11.5 and 12.3.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery containing lithium nickel manganese complex oxide particles, wherein the lithium nickel manganese complex oxide particles are composed of secondary particles in which primary particles of a lithium nickel manganese complex oxide represented by a general formula LidNi1?a?b?cMnaMbZrcO2+? (where M is at least one element selected from Co, W, Mo, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, Cr, and Ta, and is 0.05?a<0.60, 0?b<0.60, 0.00003?c?0.03, 0.05?a+b+c?0.60, 0.95?d?1.20, and ?0.2???0.2), wherein at least a portion of zirconium is dispersed in the primary particle, and wherein an amount of a positive active material for a lithium ion secondary battery in which an amount of excessive lithium determined by a neutralization titration method is 0.02 mass % or more and 0.09 mass % or less.

Abstract: An anode material for a secondary battery is provided. The anode material for the secondary battery includes a metal oxide containing four or more than four elements, or an oxide mixture containing four or more than four elements. The metal oxide includes cobalt-copper-tin oxide, silicon-tin-iron oxide, copper-manganese-silicon oxide, tin-manganese-nickel oxide, manganese-copper-nickel oxide, or nickel-copper-tin oxide. The oxide mixture includes the oxide mixture containing cobalt, copper and tin, the oxide mixture containing silicon, tin and iron, the oxide mixture containing copper, manganese and silicon, the oxide mixture containing tin, manganese and nickel, the oxide mixture containing manganese, copper and nickel, or the oxide mixture containing nickel, copper and tin.

Abstract: A positive active material includes a secondary particle in which a plurality of primary particles is agglomerated. The positive active material is composed of, in which a compound containing nickel, lithium, and oxygen. An average angle between a reference line connecting a center portion of the secondary particle and a center portion of the primary particle provided at the outermost portion of the secondary particle and a particle orientation line penetrating the center portion of the primary particle provided at the outermost portion of the secondary particle and extending in parallel to an orientation direction of the primary particles is 12.2° or less. A concentration of the nickel in the compound is 59 mol % or more. The compound further includes an added metal composed of a different element from the nickel and the lithium. The added metal includes one or more of boron (B) and tungsten (W).

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a core and a coating layer disposed on the core, wherein the core includes Li1+xMO2+y, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu), and 1?x?5 and 0?y?2, and the coating layer includes carbon-based particles, wherein the carbon-based particle includes a structure in which a plurality of graphene sheets are connected, the carbon-based particle has an oxygen content of 1 wt % or more in the carbon-based particle, and the carbon-based particle has a D/G peak ratio of 1.55 or less during Raman spectrum measurement. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a secondary battery including the positive electrode are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersant composition for carbon nanotubes, containing: a copolymer that includes a structural unit A represented by the following general formula (1) and a structural unit B represented by the following general formula (2); and a solvent, wherein the content of the structural unit B in all structural units of the copolymer is 20 mass % or more. In the following formulae, R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, and R7 are the same or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, R4 is a hydrocarbon group having 16 to 30 carbon atoms, R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X1 is on oxygen atom or NH, X2 is an oxygen atom, p is the number of 1 to 8, and R9 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.