Abstract: A method and system for reducing triggering of throughput penalties imposed on a group of users by a software-as-a-service (SaaS) server due to Application Programming Interface (API) calls exceeding limits of the SaaS server. The approaches include intercepting requests to the SaaS server from a user group and monitoring both a rate of API calls for the requests and a rate of API events generated by forwarding the API calls to the SaaS server, intercepting the SaaS server's responses, where some of the responses indicate a throughput penalty imposed by the server, identifying one or more power users from the user group based on the rate of generated notifications, and throttling the rate of the API calls for the requests submitted by the identified power users of the user group to the SaaS server in accordance with an API call throttle limit, thus reducing triggering of the throughput penalty.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a novel method for load balancing data messages that are sent by a source compute node (SCN) to one or more different groups of destination compute nodes (DCNs). In some embodiments, the method deploys a load balancer in the source compute node's egress datapath. This load balancer receives each data message sent from the source compute node, and determines whether the data message is addressed to one of the DCN groups for which the load balancer spreads the data traffic to balance the load across (e.g., data traffic directed to) the DCNs in the group. When the received data message is not addressed to one of the load balanced DCN groups, the load balancer forwards the received data message to its addressed destination. On the other hand, when the received data message is addressed to one of load balancer's DCN groups, the load balancer identifies a DCN in the addressed DCN group that should receive the data message, and directs the data message to the identified DCN.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for service offloading. In some examples, a processing circuitry of an electronic device detects that received information associated with a service flow satisfies a preset rule, and generates an offloading strategy that uses a first network address in the received information associated with the service flow as an offloading address. Then, the processing circuitry offloads a first uplink data packet associated with the service flow from a terminal device to an edge network according to the offloading strategy in response to a destination address of the first uplink data packet matching the offloading address. Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium counterpart embodiments are also contemplated.

Abstract: A method of load balancing in a communications network includes transmitting, by a source node, to a destination node, a first plurality of packets of a “flowlet” of a flow of packets. Each of the first flowlet of packets includes a plurality of header fields and a randomizer. The header fields and the randomizer are used by a networking device located between the source node and the destination node to select an output port of the networking device for the packets of the first flowlet. Further methods include selecting, by the source node, based on a criteria, a second randomizer for inclusion in a plurality of packets of a second flowlet of packets, waiting a time delay after transmitting the first flowlet of packets, then, inserting the second randomizer into the sequential second flowlet of packets, and transmitting the second flowlet of packets.

Abstract: Systems and methods include receiving an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal; segmenting the OTN signal into one or more flows of packets; and transmitting the one or more flows of packets spread over one or more Ethernet links. The one or more flows can be transmitted over a Leaf/Spine network, and the one or more flows can be elephant and/or mice flows.

Abstract: Techniques for obtaining application network metadata from a service registry so that a network routing policy may be derived for traffic associated with the application are described herein. The techniques may include receiving, at a service registry, network metadata associated with traffic of an application hosted by a scalable application service platform. The techniques may also include obtaining, by a controller of a network and from the service registry, the network metadata associated with the traffic of the application. Based at least in part on the network metadata, the controller may determine a routing policy that is optimized for sending the traffic through the network. Additionally, the controller may send an indication of the routing policy to a node of the network or otherwise provision the network such that the traffic of the application is sent through the network according to the routing policy.

Abstract: A system and method for autonomous data and signalling traffic management in a distributed infrastructure is disclosed. The method includes a distributed multi-cloud computing system with machine learning based intelligence across heterogenous computing platforms hosting mobile network functions, capable of leveraging AI based distribution across all the resources to creates autonomous network operations and intelligently work around any impairments. The method includes determining one or more service nodes by using a trained traffic management based ML model and establishing one or more cloud mesh links between the one or more service nodes at multiple levels of hierarchy based on the system, environment and network parameters and the current network demand. Further, the method includes processing the request by providing access of the one or more services hosted on the one or more external devices to the one or more electronic devices via the one or more cloud mesh links.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods to filter and classify multicast network traffic. In one example, a first computing node may receive a multicast communication from a second computing node and register a for a flow associated with the multicast communication, wherein the context includes at least the multicast port associated with the multicast communication. The first computing node further identifies an outbound communication destined for the second computing node and determines that addressing attributes in the outbound communication match the context for the flow. Once it is determined that the attributes match the context for the flow, the first computing node associates the outbound communication with the flow.

Abstract: In one embodiments, data communication system include a communication apparatus, which is configured to receive data from different user equipment devices a schedule of time periods, and packetize the data from respective ones of the user equipment devices for respective ones of the time periods into packets, a memory including a plurality of buffers, and a network interface controller configured to receive the packets from the communication apparatus, and scatter respective portions of the data belonging to respective groups of successive ones of the time periods to the buffers, responsively to a static set of steering rules, and timing information of respective ones of the packets, and wherein each respective portion of the data is scattered to the buffers a same scatter pattern.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for link state flooding between a network node and a receiving node includes determining a current transmit rate that Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs) are being transmitted from the network node to the receiving node. The method further includes determining an LSP acknowledgment rate that indicates a rate at which a plurality of LSP acknowledgments are received at the network node from the receiving node. The method further includes determining a new transmit rate based on the current transmit rate and the LSP acknowledgment rate. The method further includes transmitting a plurality of LSPs from the network node to the receiving node using the new transmit rate.

Abstract: An industrial system for controlling backplane communication including a cluster manager linked to Input/Output modules via a multipoint low voltage differential signaling, MLVDS, bus through passive base plates. The MLVDS bus contains a transmission line and a reception line for the cluster manager. The transmission line of the MLVDS bus is shared by the Input/Output modules for receiving data transmitted by the cluster manager. The reception line of the MLVDS bus is shared by the Input/Output modules for transmitting data to the cluster manager. The Input/Output modules are synchronized in time with the cluster manager and configured to send data on the reception line of the MLVDS bus at respective scheduled time windows.

Abstract: Systems and method for routing data packets in an interconnection network. The data packets transmitted across the interconnection network each include age data. Routers positioned throughout the interconnection network may control the flow of the data packets through the use of aging first-in, first-out (FIFO) queues and age-based arbiters. The age-based arbiters within the routers are configured to prioritize older data packets over newer data packets being pushed from the FIFO queues. Each data packet inserted into the FIFO queues may be updated such that the age data of the data packet is converted from an age to an injection time. When the data packet is read from the FIFO, the age data of the data packet is converted back to an age.

Abstract: A traffic manager is shared amongst two or more egress blocks of a network device, thereby allowing traffic management resources to be shared between the egress blocks. Schedulers within a traffic manager may generate and queue read instructions for reading buffered portions of data units that are ready to be sent to the egress blocks. The traffic manager may be configured to select a read instruction for a given buffer bank from the read instruction queues based on a scoring mechanism or other selection logic. To avoid sending too much data to an egress block during a given time slot, once a data unit portion has been read from the buffer, it may be temporarily stored in a shallow read data cache. Alternatively, a single, non-bank specific controller may determine all of the read instructions and write operations that should be executed in a given time slot.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein support compartment quotas in a cloud infrastructure environment. Cloud administrators do not generally have the ability to restrict resource usage in existing clouds. Granting a user permission to create resources allows them to create any number of resources up to a predefined account limit. Compartment quotas allow admins to restrict a user's resource usage to the appropriate level allowing fine-tuned cost control.

Abstract: Methods and systems are for a content delivery management platform that organizes and monitors content delivery networks by the applications, features, or functions that they serve. The content delivery management platform is agnostic to the content delivery network. To provide this functionality, the content delivery management platform uses an abstraction layer to interface between the content delivery networks and the needs of the content provider (e.g., the owner of the content delivery management platform) as it serves users (e.g., provides the applications, features, or functions).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and provides a resource scheduling method including: acquiring utilization rates of resources of a plurality of proxy servers, the plurality of proxy servers being deployed on a virtual machine; and using at least one first proxy server to share a utilization of resources of at least one second proxy server, where the utilization rate of resources of each of the at least one first proxy server is smaller than a first threshold, the utilization rate of resources of each of the at least one second proxy server is greater than a second threshold, and the first threshold is smaller than the second threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). A method disclosed herein includes sending message requests, identifying at least one of a size of each of the messages associated with the message requests or a priority of each of the messages associated with the message requests, determining to aggregate the message requests, when at least one of the size of each of the messages associated with the message requests is less than a threshold segment size or the priority of each of the messages associated with the message requests is one of the low priority or the medium priority, aggregating the message requests into a single message request, and sending the single message request.

Abstract: A data migration method and an apparatus are applied to a scenario in which a user plane gateway communicating with a terminal is changed from a source user plane gateway to a target user plane gateway. The target user plane gateway receives an address of the terminal from a control plane gateway, obtains an Ethernet data packet based on the address of the terminal, and sends the Ethernet data packet to an Ethernet interface, so that a switch obtains the Ethernet data packet through the Ethernet interface, and updates a MAC address table based on the Ethernet data packet.

Abstract: In one embodiment, edge devices can be configured to be coupled to a multi-stage switch fabric and peripheral processing devices. The edge devices and the multi-stage switch fabric can collectively define a single logical entity. A first edge device from the edge devices can be configured to be coupled to a first peripheral processing device from the peripheral processing devices. The second edge device from the edge devices can be configured to be coupled to a second peripheral processing device from the peripheral processing devices. The first edge device can be configured such that virtual resources including a first virtual resource can be defined at the first peripheral processing device. A network management module coupled to the edge devices and configured to provision the virtual resources such that the first virtual resource can be migrated from the first peripheral processing device to the second peripheral processing device.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for dividing a physical Ethernet port is provided. The method may include dividing, by a computing device, a first physical Ethernet port of a plurality of physical Ethernet ports into a plurality of partitions. A first partition of the plurality of partitions for the first Ethernet port may be assigned to a N-virtual distributed switch. A second partition of the plurality of partitions for the first Ethernet port may be assigned with a plurality of functions. Ethernet packets may be switched between the plurality of functions in the second partition.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes determining a first SSB burst set information corresponding to a first PCI; determining a second SSB burst set information corresponding to a second PCI, the second PCI different from the first PCI; and monitoring at least a first SSB from the first SSB burst set and at least a second SSB from the second SSB burst set. In another aspect, a method includes determining a number of RSRP reports to send based a CSI report request; transmitting a first RSRP report for a first beam of a plurality of beams, the first beam associated with a first group of beams of a plurality of groups; and transmitting a second RSRP report for a second beam of the plurality of beams, the second beam associated with a second group of beams of the plurality of groups.

Abstract: Supporting high speed train (HST) schemes at a user equipment (UE) may include, in response to being within range of a transmission and reception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs associated with an HST, decoding a communication received from a network. The communication may include an HST scheme configuration. The HST scheme configuration may include an HST-single frequency network (HST-SFN) without network pre-compensation scheme and an HST-SFN with network pre-compensation scheme. At least one of a channel restriction and an environmental restriction associated with the HST scheme configuration may be identified. Based on the at least one of the channel restriction and the environmental restriction, the HST scheme configuration may be applied.

Abstract: Provided in the present invention are a method performed by user equipment, and user equipment, which can reliably perform processing related to a beam failure recovery request/beam failure report (BFR) and/or scheduling request (SR). The method comprises: detecting a measurement result of a measurement reference signal corresponding to a serving cell; if the measurement result indicates that a beam failure has occurred, utilizing a counter to count the number of beam failures; and when the count value of the counter is above a given threshold, performing processing related to a beam failure recovery request/beam failure report (BFR) and/or scheduling request (SR).

Abstract: One example according to the present specification relates to a method for identifying the format of a PPDU in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system. A receiving STA may receive a first PPDU. The receiving STA may check at least one extra tone of at least one symbol of the first PPDU. The receiving STA may determine, on the basis of the at least one extra tone, the format of the first PPDU as a repeated PPDU format. Thereafter, the receiving STA may receive a second PPDU including the same data as the first PPDU.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus relating to rate matching for new radio (NR) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In certain aspects, a method includes receiving a rate matching resource (RMR) configuration from a serving cell. The method also includes identifying one or more first resource elements (REs) to be rate matched around at least in part based on a transmission numerology associated with the RMR configuration, wherein the one or more first REs are used for reference signal (RS) transmission in the serving cell or a neighboring cell. The method further includes mapping a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) to one or more second REs not including the first REs.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (HE) may support beam management to determine beams for communicating with a base station, measure characteristics of the beams, and periodically report the measurements to the base station. The beam management may include a beam failure recovery procedure, where the UE detects and resolves a beam failure with the base station. Additionally, the UE may perform radio link monitoring (RLM) on a set of reference signals configured by the base station to determine if a radio link (e.g, beamformed transmission) is synchronized or not between the UE and base station. In some cases, these RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) may be reconfigured, where the reconfiguration may be based on the periodic beam measurement reports for beam management, a beam monitoring event trigger, a beam failure recovery, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An example according to the present specification relates to a method for transmitting an NGV PPDU. A transmission STA may generate an NGV PPDU, and may transmit the NGV PPDU. The NGV PPDU may include a plurality of fields. The NGV PPDU may be transmitted according to various bandwidths and frequency spacings. The NGV PPDU may be transmitted on the basis of a guard region having a first subcarrier index range, a direct current (DC) region having a second subcarrier index range, and a data and pilot area having a third subcarrier index range.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first wireless device such as a user equipment (UE) may determine to transition from a first duplexing mode to a second duplexing mode, where a first communication associated with the first duplexing mode at least partially overlaps in time with a second communication associated with the second duplexing mode. Based on the overlap, the UE may identify transition information for coordinating the transition between the first duplexing mode and the second duplexing mode. Using the transition information, the UE may transition from the first duplexing mode to the second duplexing mode, and may communicate with a second wireless device, such as a base station, using the second duplexing mode.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating control information are provided. A method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE) may include transmitting, to a second UE in a first time period, a resource reservation indicating resources associated with at least one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), transmitting, to the second UE, the at least one CSI-RS in a second time period, wherein the second time period is at least K time periods after the first time period, and receiving, from the second UE, a CSI report based on the at least one CSI-RS.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments relate to signaling between a user equipment (UE) and a cell over the unlicensed spectrum. The UE may receive a signal broadcast by a cell of the network over a channel in the unlicensed spectrum. The signal includes a set of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) each corresponding to a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSB) and is transmitted during a discovery reference signal (DRS) window. The UE may then determine a location of the set of CSI-RS within the DRS window and perform an operation based on the set of CSI-RS.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is configured to perform rate matching for reference signals under certain conditions. The UE receives information associated with a downlink reference signal for a first radio access technology (RAT), wherein the first RAT is different than a currently camped second RAT, identifies reference signal occasions for the downlink reference signal and receives downlink control information from the second RAT via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

Abstract: In a method for user equipment in a wireless communication system according to an aspect of the present disclosure, a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) is received from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs) on a plurality of subchannels, wherein each of the plurality of subchannels comprises at least one resource block, and, on the basis of the PSCCH, a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRSs) are received from the plurality of ANs, a subchannel identification (ID) is allocated to each of the plurality of subchannels, and the PRS pattern of each of the plurality of PRSs is mapped to the subchannel ID.

Abstract: Example demodulation reference signal (DMRS) A DMRS port indication methods and apparatus are provided, to meet NC JT transmission. In one example method, a network device determines DMRS port indication information and quasi-co-location (QCL) indication information, and sends the DMRS port indication information and the QCL indication information. The DMRS port indication information is used to indicate a DMRS port set, the DMRS port set is one of a plurality of DMRS port sets.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for physical downlink data channel (PDCCH) and reference signal (RS) based paging in a wireless communication system. A method includes receiving: a first configuration for a search space set in common search space (CSS), wherein the search space set is for a downlink control information (DCI) format that includes a tracking RS (TRS) availability indication field, wherein the TRS availability indication field in the DCI format provides a bitmap; and a second configuration for a number of TRS resources sets. The method further includes determining a TRS resources set from the number of TRS resources sets associated with a bit from the bitmap, wherein TRS resources from the TRS resources set are present for a time duration based on an associated bit for the TRS resources set in the bitmap; and receiving TRS resources from the number of TRS resources sets that are present.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and device used in UE and a base station for wireless communications. The UE receives a first signaling; and operates a first radio signal. The first radio signal comprises K first-type sub-signals and K first-type reference signals; the first signaling is used for determining time-frequency resources occupied by the first radio signal; time-domain resources occupied by the K first-type sub-signals are non-orthogonal, and frequency-domain resources occupied by each two of the K first-type reference signals are mutually orthogonal; the K first-type reference signals are respectively used for channel estimation of the K first-type sub-signals, and a reference signal port of each of the K first-type reference signals is associated with a target reference signal port. The above method is advantageous in improving efficiency of PTRSs in multi-TRP/panel transmissions.

Abstract: A method for processing an uplink reference signal includes determining a current baseband processing payload, and processing each of N received uplink reference signals according to a preset first condition in response to the baseband processing payload being less than a first preset value or processing each uplink reference signal in a signal set according to a preset second condition in response to the baseband processing payload being greater than a second preset value. The second preset value is greater than or equal to the first preset value. The signal set includes one or more of the N uplink reference signals. A baseband processing payload corresponding to processing an uplink reference signal according to the preset second condition is less than a baseband processing payload corresponding to processing an uplink reference signal according to the preset first condition. N is a positive integer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus, and computer programs, for providing uplink control information to an access node. In one aspect, the method can include actions of determining, by a UE, a time-domain orthogonal cover code (OCC) for a PUCCH message of a UE to multiplex the PUCCH transmission with one or more PUCCH messages from one or more other UEs, and encoding, by the UE, the PUCCH message for transmission by the UE using the OCC.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A non-terrestrial network (NTN) device (e.g., a satellite, base station) may transmit, to a user equipment (UE), at a first frequency a synchronization signal block (SSB) that indicates a second frequency of a control resource set (CORESET) relative to the SSB, where the second frequency is based on one or more of: a CORESET bandwidth, a combination of a first parameter associated with a first portion of the SSB and a second parameter associated with a second portion of the SSB, or both. The UE may monitor the CORESET at the indicated second frequency for a downlink control channel transmission. The NTN device may transmit, to the UE, a downlink control channel transmission over the CORESET. The NTN device may transmit, to the UE, system information based on the downlink control channel transmission.

Abstract: An example method for transmitting a random access preamble comprises selecting (502) a random access preamble configuration from a plurality of predetermined random access preamble configurations. The method further includes determining (504) a time interval in which to transmit the random access preamble. The method further comprises transmitting (506) the random access preamble according to the selected random access preamble configuration. Each of the plurality of random access preamble configurations comprises a combination of (a) a single root sequence from a predetermined set of one or more root sequences, (b) a single cyclic shift of a predetermined plurality of cyclic shifts for the root sequence, and (c) a single starting position of two or more predetermined starting positions within time intervals allocated for random access preamble transmission.

Abstract: Example channel state information (CSI) transmitting methods and apparatus are described. The CSI is a part of uplink control information (UCI) and it includes a first quantity of bits. One example method includes determining a threshold code rate according to a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index when the CSI is to be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink data. A second quantity of bits is determined according to the threshold code rate and the first quantity of bits, where the second quantity of bits is less than or equal to the first quantity of bits. The second quantity of bits of the CSI is transmitted on the PUSCH.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatic frequency coordination are provided. In one embodiment, an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) system for authorizing unlicensed operator utilization of a shared spectrum band comprising channels licensed to incumbent operators comprises: a processor coupled to a memory; and an exclusion zone calculator executed by the processor, the exclusion zone calculator configured to construct an exclusion zone for an incumbent receiver antenna operating on a licensed channel of the shared band, wherein the calculator is configured to construct the exclusion zone by: calculating a set of exclusion zone radiuses along a plurality of radials of a radial grid based on applying a moving average filter to interference power values calculated for a plurality of locations along a length of each of the radials; and applying an averaging filter to the exclusion zone radiuses to define the exclusion zone between the exclusion zone radiuses and the receiver antenna.

Abstract: Selecting a control channel set in a communication system involves monitoring received signals to identify a plurality of nodes of interest (NOI) and determining Eb/N0 values for a plurality of control channels. For this purpose, a data metric and spectral data can be provided to the communication device by the respective NOI for which Eb/N0 values are being determined. A comparison is made of the Eb/N0 values for all NOI to select an optimal control channel set. The optimal control channel set is then used by the communication device to transmit the control channel information to the plurality of NOI.

Abstract: A method executed by a UE comprises: receiving DCI for scheduling a PDSCH transmission; determining, according to an FDRA field in the DCI, a RIV; if a frequency domain resource assignment scaling condition is not satisfied, determining, according to the RIV, a first starting resource block index and a first length of continuous resource blocks; if the frequency domain resource assignment scaling condition is satisfied, determining, according to the RIV, a second starting resource block index and a second length of continuous resource blocks, determining the first starting resource block index by multiplying the second starting resource block index by a scaling factor, and determining the first length of continuous resource blocks by multiplying the second length of continuous resource blocks by the scaling factor; and determining an allocated frequency resource based on the first starting resource block index and the first length of continuous resource blocks.

Abstract: A user terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a receiving section that receives downlink control information using a certain downlink control information format; and a control section that determines activation or deactivation of a secondary cell, based on the downlink control information. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to control activation at higher speed.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising instructing a sender to transmit a first packet data unit to a receiver on a first active bandwidth part of a carrier at a first transmission time; determining a delay and a second bandwidth part of the carrier based on a switching rule; wherein the switching rule defines that the second bandwidth part is different from the first bandwidth part; and the method further comprises instructing, if the sender is instructed to transmit the first packet data unit, the sender to transmit a second packet data unit to the receiver on the second active bandwidth part at a second transmission time after the delay after the instructing to transmit the first packet data unit has elapsed.

Abstract: A communication method includes transmitting resource assignment information including bits that indicate activation or deactivation statuses of respective downlink component carriers, which are secondary downlink component carriers added to a primary component carrier which is always activated, each of the downlink component carriers corresponding to one bit included in bits, and the one bit indicating that a corresponding downlink component carrier is to be activated or deactivated. When any one bit of the bits indicates that its corresponding downlink component carrier is to be activated, the bits jointly indicate the activation or deactivation statuses, a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission request and a channel quality information (CQI) reporting request. The method also includes receiving a SRS and a CQI that are transmitted, in response to the SRS transmission request and the CQI reporting request, on an uplink component carrier linked to an activated downlink component carrier(s).

Abstract: Systems and methods for time division duplex (TDD) synchronizing in distributed communication systems (DCSs) synchronize remote units operating with 5G signals by initially connecting these remote units to a 4G TDD source, and once the remote units are synchronized, switching back to a 5G TDD source. By using the downlink synchronization process of 4G instead of the normal synchronization process of 5G, the synchronization of the remote units using 5G is expedited. Further, the 5G receiver is not compressed or otherwise negatively impacted.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems, devices and methods for improving the performance and range of wireless communication systems. In various embodiments, a wireless and wireline architecture is implemented to allow a channel to more efficiently span physical barriers within the channel. The wireline portion of the channel may leverage pre-existing copper deployed within a building by interfacing copper with north and south transceiver nodes that allow the signal to propagate through a physical structure on the wire itself resulting in significantly less signal degradation compared to the signal having to traverse the physical structure wirelessly.

Abstract: An apparatus and mechanism to subscribe to a single address and or session management service from multiple devices (such as e.g. tablets, smart phones, netbooks or other types of communication terminals or client devices) with a single account and password through the automatic assignment of a dynamic opaque service profile to each device a user uses to sign in to the service. After sign-in transparent call management services are provided to the user and allow the user to control sessions on any signed-in device from any signed-in device without revealing the distinct dynamic opaque service profiles to the user.

Abstract: Techniques for digital messaging with rule-driven attachments are disclosed, including: obtaining a message assembly rule including a set of one or more message attachment criteria; encountering an instance of a set of one or more message transmission triggers being satisfied; responsive to encountering the instance of the set of one or more message transmission triggers being satisfied: querying a data repository to identify multiple attachable data items that satisfy the set of one or more message attachment criteria; generating a message including the attachable data items; transmitting the message to a recipient.