Abstract: In a terminator, a midpoint electrode is provided between a first signal electrode and a second signal electrode, a first resistor is connected between the first signal electrode and the midpoint electrode, a second resistor is connected between the second signal electrode and the midpoint electrode, a first GND electrode is provided on a side opposite to the side where the first resistor is provided with the first signal electrode interposed therebetween, a second GND electrode is provided on the side opposite to the side where the second resistor is provided with the second signal electrode interposed therebetween, and capacitances in the terminator are formed between the first signal electrode and the midpoint electrode, between the second signal electrode and the midpoint electrode, between the first signal electrode and the first GND electrode, and between the second signal electrode and the second GND electrode.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a Peltier module; an optical semiconductor element mounted on the Peltier module; and a driver that drives high-frequency lines of the optical semiconductor element. The optical semiconductor element includes: optical circuits providing a function of an optical interferometer and the high-frequency lines. Cooling performance of the Peltier module in a region in vicinity of the driver is higher than the cooling performance in other regions.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate W, a RF modulating unit, and a phase adjustment unit 220. The RF modulating unit is provided on the substrate W and modulates light in accordance with a RF signal. The phase adjustment unit 220 is provided on the substrate W and adjusts the phase of an optical signal modulated by the RF modulating unit. The phase adjustment unit 220 includes a heater 2200 and a to-be-heated optical waveguide 2201. The to-be-heated optical waveguide 2201 is provided between a thin film LN substrate 32 and a buffer layer 33 of the substrate W, and is formed of a material having a thermo-optical effect. The heater 2200 is provided at a position opposite the to-be-heated optical waveguide 2201, with the buffer layer 33 therebetween on the substrate W, and heats the to-be-heated optical waveguide 2201.

Abstract: A lens system may include a lens having a first electrode electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The lens may be divided into a plurality of lens segments that are concentrically arranged proceeding from a center to a radially outer periphery of the lens. An optical power of a first lens segment of the plurality of lens segments may be greater than an optical power of a second lens segment of the plurality of lens segments disposed radially outward relative to the first lens segment. Various other devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical scanner includes: a light source; a deflection element including a plurality of pixels arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally; a one-cycle diffraction grating including, among the pixels, continuous N pixels, where N is a natural number of two or more; the one-cycle diffraction grating having a length d in the alignment direction that is smaller than a wavelength ? of the light emitted from the light source; and a phase modulation controller configured to control a phase modulation amount of each of the pixels. Incident light is emitted from the light source obliquely from the reflecting surface at an incident angle ?1. Sin ?i+(?/d)>1 or sin ?i?(?/d)>1 is satisfied.

Abstract: A meta-optical device, which imparts a phase delay to incident light of a wavelength band, includes: a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other; a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; a meta-surface layer located within the liquid crystal layer and including a plurality of nanostructures each having a shape dimension smaller than a center wavelength of the wavelength band; and a voltage device configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. The meta-optical device may exhibit an electrically controlled variable focal length.

Abstract: A photonic AC-DC voltage and current equivalence converter includes: a photonic chip; a weak thermal link; an isothermal region; a resistive electrode; an isothermal region photonic nanoresonator; an isothermal region waveguide; a chip photonic nanoresonator; and a chip waveguide, such that an ac voltage is determined from matching a temperature rise of the isothermal region due to a primary elevated temperature of the isothermal region when ac voltage is received by the resistive electrode.

Abstract: A blocking mechanism of a privacy protection shutter for a camera is provided on an outer edge portion of a display of an electronic device. The privacy protection shutter includes a rotation pivot with which the privacy protection shutter is rotatable; a blocking portion that covers a lens of the camera to disable the camera to image at a block position; and an operation portion configured to cause the privacy protection shutter to rotate with the rotation pivot so as to move the blocking portion between the block position and an open position at which the lens is not covered by the blocking portion.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a method for focusing a camera. In one embodiment, the method includes: dividing the field of view of the camera in to at least two segments: assigning, in each case, at least one operating element or at least one position of an operating element to the at least two segments; recognizing and tracking at least one object in at least two segments; automatically assigning the recognized at least two objects to the respective operating element or position of the operating element depending on which segment the objects are assigned to; and focusing the camera on the object assigned to the operating element or the position of the operating element in response to the operating element being actuated or the operating element being brought into the corresponding position.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a lens driving device, a camera module and an optical device. The lens driving device comprising: a cover; a housing arranged inside the cover; a bobbin arranged inside the housing; a magnet arranged in the housing; a first coil arranged in the bobbin and facing the magnet; a first substrate arranged below the housing and including a second coil facing the magnet; a second substrate arranged below the first substrate; and a base arranged below the second substrate, wherein the base includes a body and a protrusion upwardly protruding from the body, the outer side of the second substrate is arranged to face the inner side of the protrusion, and the upper surface of the protrusion is in a location which is the same as or lower than that of the upper surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism includes a movable portion, a fixed portion, a driving assembly, a guiding assembly, and a metallic member. The movable portion is configured to connect an optical element. The optical element is configured to correspond to light reflected by a reflection element, and the reflection element is configured to change a traveling direction of the light from an incident direction to a first direction. The fixed portion includes a base, and the movable portion is movable relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly is configured to drive the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The guiding assembly includes a plurality of guiding elements. The metallic member is disposed in the base. When viewed from the incident direction, the metallic member is at least partially located between the guiding elements.

Abstract: An intelligent light supplement device, video apparatus, and an intelligent light supplement method are disclosed. The intelligent light supplement device includes a light source input module, a light source computing module, and a light source output module. The light source input module has a light sensing unit, which receives an ambient light source. The light source computing module is electrically connected to the light source input module, compares the ambient light source with a content of an illuminance comparison table to generate an illuminance control signal corresponding to an apparatus illuminance value, and/or compares the ambient light source with a content of a color temperature comparison table to generate a color temperature control signal corresponding to an apparatus color temperature value. The light source output module has a light emitting unit and drives the light emitting unit according to the illuminance control signal and/or the color temperature control signal.

Abstract: Digital cameras comprising a lens assembly comprising N lens elements L1-LN starting with L1 on an object side, wherein N is ?4, an image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD, and a pop-out mechanism that controls a largest air-gap d between two consecutive lens elements within lens elements L1 and LN to bring the camera to an operative pop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, wherein SD is in the range of 7-20 mm and wherein cTTL/SD<0.6.

Abstract: An image capture device is disclosed that includes a body defining a peripheral cavity and a removable door assembly that is configured to close and seal the peripheral cavity. The door assembly includes a door body; a locking mechanism; and a biasing member that is configured for engagement with the locking mechanism to resist unlocking of the locking mechanism until a threshold force is applied, at which time, the biasing member is moved from a normal position, in which the biasing member extends at a first angle in relation to the locking mechanism, to a deflected position, in which the biasing member extends at a second angle in relation to the locking mechanism. When locked, the door assembly is rotationally fixed in relation to the body of the image capture device, and when unlocked, the door assembly is rotatable in relation to the body of the image capture device.

Abstract: An image capture device is disclosed that includes a body defining a peripheral cavity and a door assembly that is movable between an open position and a closed position to close and seal the peripheral cavity. The door assembly includes a door body; a slider that is supported by the door body for axial movement between a first position and a second position; a biasing member that is configured for engagement (contact) with the slider; a door lock including a stop that is configured for engagement (contact) with the biasing member; and a sealing member that is fixedly connected to the door lock.

Abstract: A camera module and an electronic device are disclosed. The camera module is configured to be connected with a display device, and the display device is provided with a main board. The camera module includes: a mounting base configured to be fixedly connected with the display device; and a functional portion configured to be detachably connected with the mounting base. The functional portion includes a casing, a camera and a first adapter plate which are mounted in the casing. The first adapter plate and the camera are connected. The first adapter plate is configured to be connected to the main board in the display device when the functional portion is mounted on the mounting base.

Abstract: A shoe apparatus includes an engagement portion with an accessory shoe apparatus included in an electronic apparatus, a plurality of connection terminals, where a first direction is an attachment direction to the accessory shoe apparatus, which are arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and located on a front side of the engagement portion in the attachment direction, and a connector that includes protrusion portions that protrude in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions on both outer sides of the plurality of connection terminals in the second direction. The protrusion portion includes a slope portion on a side that does not face the plurality of connection terminals such that a width in the second direction at a position of a tip in the third direction is narrower than a width at a position away from the tip.

Abstract: A light-source device includes an excitation light source to emit first color light; an optical member having a reflecting surface to reflect the first color light; a wavelength conversion unit including a wavelength conversion member on which the first color light reflected by the optical member is incident, the wavelength conversion member to convert at least part of the first color light into second color light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the first color light and emit the second color light; and a light condensing element to condense the first color light emitted from the wavelength conversion unit. A straight line including a first optical path from a center of a flux of light rays emitted from the excitation light source, to the center of the first color light on the reflecting surface does not intersect with a light flux condensed by the light condensing element.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first laser light emitter that emits first light, a wavelength converter that converts the first light into second light, a base including a first support part that supports the first laser light emitter and a second support part that supports the wavelength converter, and a first optical element that guides the first light to the wavelength converter. The first optical element has a first light incident surface which faces the first laser light emitter, a first reflection surface that reflects the first light emitted from the first light incident surface and deflects the optical path of the first light, and a first light exiting surface which faces the wavelength converter and via which the first light reflected off the first reflection surface exits. The first light incident surface, the first reflection surface, and the first light exiting surface intersect with each other.

Abstract: A rotatable operation apparatus includes a rotatable operation member, a magnet having alternately magnetized magnetic poles, first and second magnetic members respectively including first and second teeth, a body frame, and a detector. A magnetized direction of each magnetic pole is parallel to a predetermined axis about which the rotatable operation member rotates. The magnet has a ring shape and is configured to rotate about the predetermined axis as the rotatable operation member rotates. The rotatable operation apparatus generates an operation force according to a change in positions of the magnetic poles, caused by the rotation of the magnet, relative to positions of the first tooth and the second tooth. The magnet, the first magnetic member, and the second magnetic member are housed inside the body frame. When viewed from a thrust direction of the magnet, the detector is disposed at a position that does not overlap with the magnet.

Abstract: A pellicle for a reflective photo mask includes a frame, a core layer having a front surface and a rear surface, and disposed over the frame, a first capping layer disposed on the front surface of the core layer, an anti-reflection layer disposed on the first capping layer, a barrier layer disposed on the anti-reflection layer, and a heat emissive layer disposed on the barrier layer.

Abstract: A method includes holding a mask using an electrostatic chuck. The mask includes a substrate having a first bump and a second bump separated from the first bump and a patterned layer. The first bump and the second bump face the electrostatic chuck. The substrate is between the patterned layer and the electrostatic chuck. The first bump and the second bump are spaced apart from the patterned layer. The first bump and the second bump are ring strips in a top view, and the first bump has a rectangular cross section and the second bump has a triangular cross section. The method further includes generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation using an EUV light source; and directing the EUV radiation toward the mask, such that the EUV radiation is reflected by the mask.

Abstract: A mask includes a reflective layer, an absorption layer and an absorption part. The absorption layer is disposed over the reflective multilayer. The absorption part is disposed in the reflective layer and the absorption layer, wherein an entire top surface of the absorption part is substantially flush with a top surface of the absorption layer.

Abstract: A pellicle suitable for use with a patterning device for a lithographic apparatus. The pellicle comprising at least one breakage region which is configured to preferentially break, during normal use in a lithographic apparatus, prior to breakage of remaining regions of the pellicle. At least one breakage region comprises a region of the pellicle which has a reduced thickness when compared to surrounding regions of the pellicle.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a holder configured to hold a lamp including a metal base having a cylindrical surface, a condensing mirror configured to condense light generated by the lamp, and a nozzle including an ejection hole configured to eject a gas to cool the metal base. A distance between a straight line including a center axis of the ejection hole and a center axis of the metal base ranges from not less than ½ of a radius of the cylindrical surface to not more than the radius.

Abstract: A reticle-masking structure is provided. The reticle-masking structure includes a magnetic substrate and a paramagnetic part disposed on the magnetic substrate. The paramagnetic part includes a plurality of fractions disposed on a plurality of protrusion structures. In some embodiments, the fractions are irregularly arranged. A method for forming a reticle-masking structure and an extreme ultraviolet apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: In a method of inspecting an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source, during an idle mode, a borescope mounted on a fixture is inserted through a first opening into a chamber of the EUV radiation source. The borescope includes a connection cable attached at a first end to a camera. The fixture includes an extendible section mounted from a first side on a lead screw, and the camera of the borescope is mounted on a second side, opposite to the first side, of the extendible section. The extendible section is extended to move the camera inside the chamber of the EUV radiation source. One or more images are acquired by the camera from inside the chamber of the EUV radiation source at one or more viewing positions. The one or more acquired images are analyzed to determine an amount of tin debris deposited inside the chamber of the EUV radiation source.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus includes a sensor chip, an illumination system, a first optical system, a second optical system, and a detector system. The illumination system is coupled to the sensor chip and transmits an illumination beam along an illumination path. The first optical system is coupled to the sensor chip and includes a first integrated optic to configure and transmit the illumination beam toward a diffraction target on a substrate, disposed adjacent to the sensor chip, and generate a signal beam including diffraction order sub-beams generated from the diffraction target. The second optical system is coupled to the sensor chip and includes a second integrated optic to collect and transmit the signal beam from a first side to a second side of the sensor chip. The detector system is configured to measure a characteristic of the diffraction target based on the signal beam transmitted by the second optical system.

Abstract: A characterization system for inspecting or performing metrology on a layer within a semiconductor stack is disclosed. The system includes an imaging sub-system configured to acquire image data from a semiconductor stack including one or more layers. The semiconductor stack includes a metal layer having a thickness between 0.5 and 10 nm deposited on a layer of the semiconductor stack to form a reflective surface on the layer. The system includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive image data of the reflective surface on the layer of the substrate stack and identify one or more defects or one or more structures within the layer based on illumination reflected from the reflective surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for obtaining a computationally determined interference electric field describing scattering of radiation by a pair of structures comprising a first structure and a second structure on a substrate. The method comprises determining a first electric field relating to first radiation scattered by the first structure; determining a second electric field relating to second radiation scattered by the second structure; and computationally determining the interference of the first electric field and second electric field, to obtain a computationally determined interference electric field.

Abstract: A method for preventing photomask contamination includes securing a photomask on a bottom surface of an electrostatic chuck; generating a first voltage at a peripheral area of the bottom surface of the electrostatic chuck to attract a particle onto the peripheral area of the bottom surface of the electrostatic chuck, wherein the peripheral area of the bottom surface of the electrostatic chuck is not directly above the photomask; after generating the first voltage, generating a second voltage at the peripheral area of the bottom surface of the electrostatic chuck to repulse the particle, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage have opposite electrical properties; and generating a third voltage, by using a collecting plate, near a sidewall of the photomask to attract the repulsed particle.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a rotatable photoconductor; an exposure portion including a substrate on which a plurality of chips each including a plurality of light emitting portions that emit light for exposing the photoconductor is mounted, and a support portion configured to support the substrate; a fan configured to generate an airflow for cooling the exposure portion; and a duct configured to communicate with the fan and to communicate with the support portion to guide the airflow generated by the fan to the substrate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a developer bearing member. A first period is from when rotational drive of the developer bearing member is started until increased to a speed at which the image forming apparatus performs image forming. A first absolute value of a difference between a developer bearing member surface potential Vdc and an image bearing member surface potential Vd, as determined when the image bearing member is facing the developer bearing member, is obtained during the first period. The value |Vdc?Vd| obtained during the first period is smaller than the value |Vdc?Vd| obtained after the first period. During the first period, the image bearing member surface potential Vd at the facing position is a first potential and, after the first period, the image bearing member surface potential Vd at the facing position becomes a second potential different from the first potential.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a main unit, a main unit memory, a drum cartridge, a toner cartridge, and a controller. The main unit memory stores printer identification information. The drum cartridge including a drum memory that stores drum identification information. The toner cartridge including a toner memory that stores toner identification information. The controller is configured to store in the main unit memory the drum identification information stored in the drum memory and store in the drum memory the printer identification information stored in the main unit memory, if it determines that the drum cartridge installed in the main unit is new, and store in the main unit memory the toner identification information stored in the toner memory and store in the toner memory the drum identification information stored in the drum memory, if it determines that the toner cartridge installed in the main unit is new.

Abstract: A toner container includes a toner storage unit, a container base portion including a discharge port provided on an outer surface of the container base portion, the outer surface extending in a first direction, the discharge port communicating with the toner storage unit, and a container shutter configured to be rotatable about a rotation axis extending in a direction along the first direction between a shielding position and an open position. The container base portion includes an engaging portion configured to be engaged with an engaged portion of the image forming apparatus so that rotation of the container base portion with respect to the image forming apparatus about the rotation axis is restricted. At least a part of the engaging portion of the container base portion is exposed from the container shutter in a case where the container shutter is in the shielding position.

Abstract: A developer container includes: a container body that stores developer; an agitating member that is rotatably disposed in the container body and rotates to agitate the developer; a first swing member that includes a first fixed end, a first free end, a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface, and that is swung by the agitating member coming into contact with the first surface when the agitating member rotates; and a projecting support that is disposed to face the second surface and project from a wall surface formed in the container body, and that abuts the second surface.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developing container to accommodate a developer and having first and second chambers divided by a partition wall for supplying the developer to a rotatable developing member and first and second communicating portions to allow the developer to move between first and second chambers by conveyance screws. A third communicating portion is disposed between the first and second communicating portions and above the conveyance screws to allow air inside the developing container to move between the first chamber and the second chamber. The developing container further includes a third chamber disposed above the second chamber in the vertical direction and accommodates initial developer in an unused state of the developing apparatus, and an opening portion for discharging the air inside the developing container to outside of the developing container is provided in the third chamber, with the opening being disposed above the third chamber.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, in a case that a relative position between an inner roller and an outer member with respect to a circumferential direction of the inner roller is changed in a period from a state in which the outer member is separated from a belt until first transfer in a job for forming and outputting an image on a recording material is started when the job is executed, a controller controls a position changing mechanism and a contact and separation mechanism so that a contact operation for bringing the outer member into contact with the belt is performed after changing the relative position.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt, a heating roller, a nip portion forming member, a pressing rotary member, a suspending roller, and an urging unit. The heating roller is in contact with an inner surface of the fixing belt and heats the fixing belt. The suspending roller has a center and both ends in an area where the fixing belt and the suspending roller are in contact with each other in a width direction of the suspending roller. Outside diameters at both ends are greater than an outside diameter at the suspending roller center by a value between 50 micrometer and 300 micrometer, inclusive. The urging unit urges the suspending roller from the inner surface of the fixing belt toward an outer circumference surface of the fixing belt. A force that the urging unit applies to the suspending roller ranges between 50 newtons and 100 newtons, inclusive.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless belt-shaped section; a supply section that supplies a lubricating material to an inner surface of the belt-shaped section; a heating section that supports and rotates the belt-shaped section and generates heat during energization to heat the belt-shaped section; a power feed section that is electrically connected to an end part of the heating section and feeds power to the heating section; and a regulating section that is disposed on an outer surface side of the heating section and inside the power feed section with respect to an axial direction of rotation of the heating section to regulate movement of the lubricating material to a power feed section side.

Abstract: Provided are methods of electrophotographically printing an image on a substrate, methods of transferring an image to a substrate, electrophotographic toner cartridge kits, and electrophotographic printing devices. A plurality of layers of toner particles may be electrophotographically printed, using toner cartridges, providing an imaged area that includes one or more colorant layers that include a colorant and a colorant-layer thermoplastic adhesive, and an adhesive layer that includes an adhesive-layer thermoplastic adhesive. The fusing temperature may be selected to heat the colorant-layer thermoplastic adhesive to a temperature greater than an activation temperature of the colorant-layer thermoplastic adhesive and/or an activation temperature of the adhesive-layer thermoplastic adhesive.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fixing device includes a cylindrical body that rotates about an axial direction and a heater that heats the cylindrical body. The heater includes a substrate with a length direction matching the axial direction. The substrate has a first portion with a width in a width direction that is greater than a width of a second portion in the width direction. A first heating element is on a central portion of the substrate overlapping with the second portion. A first temperature sensing element is at a position along the axial direction that does not overlap with the second portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a fixing device that thermally fixes an image based on a print job onto a sheet; and a hardware processor that changes a set temperature of the fixing device depending on a type of a printer driver that has generated the print job.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixation member, a fixing member that has an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface, is rotatably provided with respect to the fixation member, comes into contact with, of a recording material on which an image is formed, a surface on which the image is formed, and fixes the image to the recording material, a rotating member that includes a contact surface, which is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the fixing member, at an outer peripheral portion, includes a heat generating portion generating heat due to electric resistance, and is rotatable together with the heat generating portion with respect to the fixation member, and a power receiving member that includes a power receiving surface receiving power from the fixation member with a peripheral surface, has a spring characteristic of biasing the power receiving surface in a direction of the fixation member, and rotates together with the rotating member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless fixing rotator, a slide aid, a pressure rotator, a nip formation plate, a support, a heat source, and a reflector. The endless fixing rotator has flexibility. An inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator slides over the slide aid. The pressure rotator contacts an outer circumferential surface of the fixing rotator. The nip formation plate is disposed inside the fixing rotator to contact the pressure rotator via the fixing rotator and the slide aid to form a nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator. The nip formation plate has a thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 10 W/mK. The support supports the nip formation plate. The heat source is disposed inside the fixing rotator to heat the fixing rotator. The reflector reflects radiant heat from the heat source.

Abstract: A sheet transport device includes a pair of movable transport rollers capable of transporting a sheet while holding the sheet and moving in an axial direction crossing a transportation direction; pairs of first transport rollers upstream from the pair of movable transport rollers in the transportation direction while being spaced apart from each other to transport the sheet while holding the sheet; and pairs of transport guides to define sheet transport spaces between the pair of movable transport rollers and the pairs of first transport rollers and between the pairs of first transport rollers. When the pair of movable transport rollers is to be moved in the axial direction, at least one pair of first transport rollers transports the sheet while bending the sheet in the transport space by producing a difference in transport rate within a portion of a section upstream from the pair of movable transport rollers.

Abstract: An image forming system that is capable of forming an image onto a sheet on a basis of print image data including multiple image data items imposed in such a manner as to be suitable for middle-folding and saddle-stitching and outputting a booklet by performing middle-folding and saddle-stitching includes: a storing unit that stores beforehand, as an output-processing content table, an inclination direction of a compilation tray onto which a stack of sheets that is to be subjected to imposition processing for pages or a facing page of the booklet and the middle-folding and saddle-stitching is placed; and a processing unit that generates the print image data by acquiring information of the inclination direction of the compilation tray, referencing to the output-processing content table, and performing the imposition processing.

Abstract: A contact member comes into contact with a back surface of a recording material between a nip portion and a transfer portion in a conveyance direction of the recording material. The contact member is capable of being located at a first position, a second position, and a third position. A detection unit detects a position of the contact member so that the detection unit can detect the first position, the second position, and the third position. The contact member reaches the third position by being biased by the recording material from the second position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main housing, a drawer, and a cartridge. The drawer is movable between an inside position inside the main housing and an outside position outside the main housing. The cartridge is installable into and removable from the drawer. The cartridge includes a photosensitive drum configured to rotate about a drum axis. The drawer comprises a lock member movable between a lock position in which the drawer is locked to the main housing, and an unlock position in which the drawer is unlocked from the main housing. The cartridge installed in the drawer is rotatable about the drum axis between a first position and a second position. The lock member is positioned in the lock position when the cartridge is positioned in the first position, and positioned in the unlock position when the cartridge is positioned in the second position.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a photosensitive member, a developing member for depositing toner onto the photosensitive member, and a coupling member capable of receiving a driving force for rotating the developing member. The cartridge also includes a movable portion movable between a driving force transmitting position for permitting transmission of the driving force from the coupling member to the developing member and a driving force interrupting position for interrupting the transmission of the driving force from the coupling member to the developing member. A holding portion is provided for holding the movable portion in the driving force interrupting position when the movable portion is in the driving force interrupting position. The movable portion is capable of taking the driving force transmitting position and the driving force interrupting position in a state where the developing member is in a position where the toner is capable of being deposited on the photosensitive member.