Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an electrode testing device, system and method, for testing electrodes, comprising at least one electrode mounting holder, for holding an electrode to be tested, at least one user mount for holding a limb or digit of a user, wherein the user mount is configured to enable the electrode to be in contact with the skin of the user, and, an electrical signal acquisition module, wherein the electrical signal acquisition module acquires biometric electrical signals from the user through the contact of the electrode with the skin of the user.

Abstract: Systems are provided for generating data representing electromagnetic states of a heart for medical, scientific, research, and/or engineering purposes. The systems generate the data based on source configurations such as dimensions of, and scar or fibrosis or pro-arrhythmic substrate location within, a heart and a computational model of the electromagnetic output of the heart. The systems may dynamically generate the source configurations to provide representative source configurations that may be found in a population. For each source configuration of the electromagnetic source, the systems run a simulation of the functioning of the heart to generate modeled electromagnetic output (e.g., an electromagnetic mesh for each simulation step with a voltage at each point of the electromagnetic mesh) for that source configuration.

Abstract: Various examples are provided related to synthetic echocardiography. In one example, a method includes receiving surface electrocardiography (ECG) signals obtained from a patient; synthesizing, through a machine learning model, a 3D model of a heart based upon the surface ECG signals; and generating a rendering of the heart based upon the synthesized model of the heart. In another example, a system includes a wearable monitoring device that can collect and transmit surface ECG signals; and a computing device that can receive the surface ECG signals obtained from a patient using the wearable monitoring device; synthesize, through a machine learning model, a 3D model of a heart based upon the surface ECG signals; and generate a rendering of the heart based upon the synthesized model of the heart. The rendering of the heart can be displayed locally (e.g., by the computing device) or transmitted to a user device for display.

Abstract: Conduction block across a lesion in tissue can be assessed by applying a pacing signal to tissue on one side of the lesion and sensing electrophysiological activity in the tissue on the opposite side of the lesion. A signal processor, such as may be incorporated into an electroanatomical mapping system, analyzes the sensed electrophysiological activity for a response evoked by the pacing signal and outputs an indicator of conduction block status. More particularly, when a preset number of consecutive pacing pulses do not yield an evoked response, an indicator of block can be output; conversely, when a preset number of consecutive pacing pulses do yield an evoked response, an indicator of no block can be output.

Abstract: Methods of generating, visualizing and comparing Markovian neural barcodes mesoscale cortical spatiotemporal data are provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing a neuroimaging system for neuroimaging and analysis of a subject's brain tissue, the neuroimaging system comprising a plurality of optical elements, wherein each optical element comprises one of: (i) a light source for emitting light towards the subject's brain tissue, or (ii) a light detector for detecting scattered light from the subject's brain tissue, the method comprising: placing optical elements on the subject's scalp to provide at least one source-detector pair where a light source on the subject's scalp is arranged to emit light towards the subject's brain tissue and a detector on the subject's scalp is arranged to detect scattered light from the subject's brain tissue which was emitted from that light source: wherein placing an optical element on the subject's scalp comprises: first, arranging said optical element at a selected location on the subject's scalp for providing at least one source-detector pair; and then, performing an iterative optical element arrangement adjustmen

Abstract: A current source estimation time determination method includes: determining an analysis interval in which a characteristic waveform is obtained with respect to one or more pieces of waveform data acquired by a sensor; estimating a current source with respect to a signal in the analysis interval determined at the determining; detecting a continuous movement interval in which the current source continuously moves in the analysis interval, using coordinates of the current source estimated at the estimating; and determining a single current source estimation time from the continuous movement interval detected at the detecting.

Abstract: A seizure detection system including one or more circuits, the one or more circuits configured to receive an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal generated based on electrical brain activity of a patient and determine different types of metrics based on the EEG signal, the different types of metrics indicating non-linear features of the EEG signal. The one or more circuits are configured to determine whether one or more of the different types of metrics exhibit changes over time that meet a predefined level of statistical significance, generate a user interface, the user interface including a real-time trend of the EEG signal and the one or more of the different types of metrics, and cause a user interface device to display the user interface.

Abstract: Patient personal output apparatuses and methods of making and using them. A patient personal output apparatus may be configured as tableside and/or bedside digital companion (e.g., ‘pet’) that, once paired with a patient health data, may display an indicator of the patient's risk of a decompensation event, such as sepsis.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a patient treatment plan to prevent or treat wrinkles using a neural network. The method includes receiving, by a computing device, patient data including at least a dynamic index and a static index for at least one muscle group of a patient. The method also includes determining, by the computing device, based on the patient data, a patient treatment plan including at least one dose of a treating compound to be administered to the patient at one or more application locations on the patient. The method further includes providing, by the computing device, the patient treatment plan for use in preventing or treating wrinkles on the patient.

Abstract: A method of treating obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome includes determining a patient is a candidate for treatment, wherein the determining includes (a) determining the patient has at least three respiratory events during one hour of sleep, the respiratory events selected from the following: apnea, hypopnea, gasping, choking, and (b) excluding non-respiratory sleep disorders and airway anomalies. The method includes performing submental liposuction on the patient, wherein the performing comprises removing at least 10 milliliters of fat.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for determining an arousal or arousal-associated event in a sleep study of a subject. The method includes obtaining data from one or more body signals, the one or more body signals being non-brain signals, and determining an arousal or arousal-associated event of the subject using the data from one or more body signals. In a preferred embodiment, the one or more body signals include data obtained from one or more RIP belts.

Abstract: A device applies standardized central and peripheral stimuli to a patient for assessment of consciousness. The device is hand-held and includes a first stimulus element for application of peripheral stimuli to a digit (e.g., a finger or a toe) of the patient and a second stimulus element for application of central stimuli to the patient, enabling practitioners to rapidly switch between peripheral and central stimulus application. The device can generate a standardized electrical stimulus, thermal stimulus, and/or mechanical stimulus for application for improved accuracy when assessing consciousness of the patient by methods such as the Glasgow Coma Scale. In another aspect, the device applies standardized stimuli at an appropriate intensity to elicit a response without causing tissue damage.

Abstract: A device may include a base configured to at least partially couple to skin of a patient. A device may include at least one module configured to removably couple to the base, the at least one module can include a first module. The first module can include a medication bladder, a medication pump configured to cause medication to flow from the medication bladder through a cannula configured to be inserted into a tissue site of the patient; and a cannula insertion device configured to insert the cannula into the tissue site of the patient by actuation of a spring released by a triggering component.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving a media bitstream comprising one or more media units and at least a first enhancement information message, wherein the first enhancement information message comprises or identifies a neural network, and wherein the received media bitstream comprises a third enhancement information message; decoding the one or more media units; and using the neural network to enhance or filter the decoded one or more media units within a temporal scope determined with the third enhancement information message, a spatial scope determined with the third enhancement information message, or a spatio-temporal scope determined with the third enhancement information message.

Abstract: An exacerbation prediction device that includes a control unit. The control unit is configured to acquire biological data of a target patient to be evaluated for exacerbation, measured by a device, specify feature amounts related to organ failure obtained by processing the acquired biological data, and input the biological data and the feature amounts to a prediction model for predicting exacerbation of a patient to predict exacerbation of the target patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods for artificial intelligence enable control of hemodynamics in an individual are provided. A number of embodiments use a phenotypic response surface (PRS) that describes a physiological response to a vasopressor and/or a vasodilator to guide administration of the vasopressor and/or vasodilator. Additional embodiments determine an individualized response to but not limited to a vasopressor and/or vasodilator based on the change in pressure to a dose based on a population-based average. Some embodiments continually update the PRS and/or individualized sensitivity based on changes in physiological response to the vasopressor and/or vasodilator.

Abstract: Systems and methods rely on feedback from an active medical device or devices (e.g., neurostimulator coupled to sensing and stimulation elements such as electrodes) to assess the effectiveness of a patient's drug regimen. Such reliance may include analyzing characteristics in physiological data acquired by the medical device(s), for example, in the form of responses evoked from the patient by electrical stimulation waveforms. Systems and methods further involved adjusting one or more parameters according to which a combination therapy consisting of at least a drug regimen and an electrical stimulation therapy are delivered to a patient, in an effort to optimize the therapeutic effect of the combination. The adjustments may be automatically by one or more implanted or external hosts working together or alone, and/or with the input of a physician.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for a human body includes a node network with at least one motion sensor and at least one acoustic sensor. A processor is coupled to the node network, and receives motion information and acoustic information from the node network. The processor determines from the motion information and the acoustic information a source of acoustic emissions within the human body by analyzing the acoustic information in the time domain to identify an event envelope representing an acoustic event, determining a feature vector related to the event envelope, calculating a distance between the feature vector and each of a set of predetermined event silhouettes, and identifying one of the predetermined event silhouettes for which the distance is a minimum.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method, performed in an accessory device, for monitoring the current operating state and the future operating state of a base plate of an ostomy appliance. The accessory device comprises an interface configured to communicate with one or more devices of an ostomy system. The interface comprises a display. The ostomy system comprises a monitor device, and/or the ostomy appliance configured to be placed on a skin surface of a user. The ostomy appliance comprises a base plate.

Abstract: A wearable health monitoring device removably attached to a smartwatch to be worn by a user in multiple configurations. The wearable health monitoring device can include a radio frequency (RF) sensing module with at least one transmit antenna and at least one receive antenna. A semiconductor chip is configured to convert low-power radio frequency signals received by at least one receive antenna into high-power radio frequency signals. A processor is communicatively coupled to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and configured to convert digital signals into output information. A wireless communication interface is communicatively coupled with the processor and configured to transmit the output information to the smartwatch to reflect the user's health parameters.

Abstract: A reconfigurable wearable health monitoring device detachably attached to a smartwatch to be worn by a user. The device includes a radio frequency (RF) sensing module having at least one transmitting antenna configured to transmit radio frequency signals underneath the skin surface of the user; at least one receiving antenna configured to receive reflected low-power radio frequency signals; and a semiconductor chip configured to convert the low power radio frequency signals into high power radio frequency signals. A processor is configured to convert the digital signals into output information. A wireless communication module coupled with the processor is configured to transmit the output information to the smartwatch to reflect the user's health parameters. An alignment feature is configured with a rotating disc, an array, or a slider array to align the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna over a target vein without moving the smartwatch.

Abstract: A wearable health monitoring device comprising a housing and an attachment device detachably coupled to the housing. The attachment device having one or more transmit and receive antennas configured to transmit radio waves and receive a responded portion of the transmitted radio waves over a three-dimensional (3D) space below the skin surface of a user. A processing unit is configured to isolate a signal from a particular location in the 3D space in response to the received radio waves on the one or more receive antennas and output a signal corresponding to the user's health parameters in response to the isolated signal.

Abstract: This application is applicable to the field of device control technologies, and provides a prompt method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes: obtaining first feature data of a user in response to a measurement operation, where the first feature data includes an activity intensity of the user and/or an air pressure value; determining an abnormality type of the wearable device and/or the user based on the first feature data, where the abnormality type indicates that the wearable device and/or the user are/is currently in a state in which a measurement condition is not met; and outputting prompt information associated with the abnormality type, where the prompt information is used to prompt the user to adjust the current state).

Abstract: A watch protection case for assisting in displaying an electrocardiogram is provided, including a case body and a knob component; an accommodating chamber for placing a watch body of a watch is arranged inside the case body; a notch where a detection portion protrudes out is arranged on a bottom wall of the accommodating chamber; a rotary hole is formed in a side wall of the accommodating chamber; the knob component is made of a conductive material, and the knob component is rotatably connected to the rotary hole and can move in an axial direction of the rotary hole; a head end of the knob component is arranged outside; and a tail end of the knob component is arranged in the accommodating chamber, sleeves a crown, and abuts against a titanium electrode, so as to form a signal loop.

Abstract: A vehicle equipped with a computer system capable of diagnosing a pulseless condition in the driver. The vehicle includes a steering wheel with photoplethysmography sensors positioned around its circumference to measure arteriolo-capillary pulse wave intervals when the driver grips the steering wheel. The computer system is connected to the steering wheel sensors, a proximity sensor system, rear tail lights, a navigation system, and an audio system. The computer system analyzes the time interval between consecutive arteriolo-capillary pulse waves and determines if it exceeds a predetermined time interval. If the predetermined time interval is exceeded, the computer system will perform steps for the safety of the driver.

Abstract: A method and system for training an EEG signal denoising model of an EEG collection device is provided. The method includes generating an analog EEG signal and obtaining a collected EEG signal by collecting the analog EEG signal through the EEG collection device. The collected EEG signal contains a noise caused by the EEG collection device. The method further includes obtaining the EEG signal denoising model of the EEG collection device by training a denoising model based on the collected EEG signal. The training includes obtaining a denoised EEG signal by processing the collected EEG signal through the denoising model; obtaining a discrimination result by processing the denoised EEG signal through a discriminant model; and adjusting a model parameter of the denoising model based on the discrimination result. The discrimination result reflects a probability that the discriminant model determines that the processed denoised EEG signal is a clean EEG signal.

Abstract: A movement detection method is calibrated for a magnetic resonance apparatus. An examination object is positioned on a movement apparatus. During a training phase, training data is recorded according to the movement detection method, wherein the examination object is simultaneously moved by the movement apparatus. The movement detection method is calibrated on the basis of the training data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for non-invasive blood pressure measurement are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system comprises a wearable member configured to generate first and second signals, and a blood pressure calculation system. The blood pressure calculation system a pre-processing module configured to filter noise from the signals, and a wave selection module configured to identify subsets of waves of the signals, a feature extraction module configured to generate sets of feature vectors form the subsets of waves, and a blood pressure processing module configured to calculate an arterial blood pressure value based on the sets of feature vectors and an empirical blood pressure calculation model, the empirical blood pressure calculation model configured to receive the sets of feature vectors as input values. The blood pressure calculation system further includes a communication module configured to provide a message including or being based on the arterial blood pressure value.

Abstract: A method for training a model to monitor the health parameters of a user. The method includes monitoring a blood pressure of a user using a control blood pressure monitoring system; receiving control data corresponding to the monitoring using the control blood pressure monitoring system; inputting a frequency range and a frequency-time event and calculating a randomized frequency range; incrementing the frequency-time event; transmitting the calculated randomized frequency and matching the frequency-time limit with the stored frequency-time limit; receiving the calculated randomized frequency range corresponding to radio waves that have reflected from blood in a blood vessel of the user; generating training data by combining the control data with the randomized frequency range in a time synchronous manner; and training a model using the training data. The trained model correlates frequency range to values indicative of the user's blood pressure.

Abstract: A method for training a model for monitoring health parameters of a user. The method includes inputting a standard waveform database, sending radio frequency transmit signals to one or more transmitting antennas, receiving a radio frequency range signal from one or more receiving antennas, extracting a radio frequency signal waveform from the radio frequency range signal using a randomized time slice from a randomized time window, generating training data by correlating radio frequency signal waveforms to the standard waveform database, by using a randomized time slices from a randomized time windows of the radio frequency signal waveforms, using a matching technique to determine a result, and training a model using the training data, wherein the trained model correlates radio frequency signal waveforms to the standard waveform database as well as determines the correlated data to associated user's health parameter.

Abstract: A method for generating training data for use in monitoring a health parameter of a person in which a waveform database of glucose waveforms and health parameters is created. The device receives a pulse wave signal that is generated from radio frequency scanning data that corresponds to radio waves that have responded from below the skin surface of a person, wherein the radio frequency scanning data is collected through a two-dimensional array of receive antennas over a range of radio frequencies. Then at least one of the pulse wave signals is extracted in response to using convolution matching to the waveform database to generate an extracted signal. Then the data is labeled corresponding to the extracted signal with a corresponding blood glucose level to generate training data.

Abstract: Radio frequency scanning data is generated by transmitting radio waves into a person and receiving radio waves, including a responded portion of the transmitted radio waves. Real-time features can be extracted from a pulse wave signal of the radio frequency scanning data. The extracted real-time features can be matched to waveforms of a standard extracted feature waveform database to generate matched data. Features can be extracted from at least one of the pulse-wave signals, and a mathematical model can be generated in response to the pulse-wave signal. A machine learning engine, including a trained model, can process the extracted features and the matched data and output a health parameter of the person.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems and processes for estimating blood pressure. Systems described herein comprise at least one sensor for measuring at least one waveform related to blood pressure from a patient; at least one processor; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having encoded thereon executable instructions to carry out a method comprising: receiving, from the at least one sensor, the at least one waveform and determining one or more features comprising at least one or more temporal features and one or more morphology features; and analyzing the one or more features using one or more trained models to determine one or more blood pressure (BP) value associated with the patient; and outputting the one or more BP value determined for the patient based on the received one or more features. The system allows for continuous and noninvasive calculations of a blood pressure to the patient or other users.

Abstract: The technologies discussed herein relate to a biometrics system comprising one or more processors, computer storage memory having computer-executable instructions, surgically implantable devices, and wearables (e.g., an apparel item configured for an upper torso, an apparel item configured for a lower torso, a sock, a headband, other types of wearables, or one or more combinations thereof) having one or more biometric sensors (e.g., a heart rate sensor, a sweat sensor, a glucose sensor, other types of biometric sensors, or one or more combinations thereof) and one or more sensation devices (e.g., a plurality of visible light sources, a haptic feedback device, other types of sensation devices, or one or more combinations thereof). The wearables may also include one or more environmental sensors. The wearables emulate, transmogrify, or enhance one or more human senses using the one or more sensation devices based on biometric data or environmental data received.

Abstract: An alarm system an alarm method for a medical emergency are provided. The alarm method includes: obtaining a physiological signal of a user by a sensor of a portable electronic device; receiving the physiological signal from the portable electronic device, determining whether an abnormal event has occurred according to the physiological signal, and transmitting first feedback information corresponding to the physiological signal to a server in response to the abnormal event by the terminal device; and outputting an alarm message according to the first feedback information by the server.

Abstract: A system for low-count quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (LC-QSPECT) is provided. The system is programmed to a) store a computer tomography (CT) scan of a subject being examining including a plurality of defined volumes of interest (VOIs) of the subject being examined; b) model a system matrix based on the stored CT, wherein the model describes the probability that photons emitted from each of the defined VOIs are detected in different projection bins, wherein a plurality of projection bins are defined around the subject and the defined VOIs; c) adjust the model with analysis of stray-radiation noise around the subject; d) detect, by the one or more sensors, one or more photons being emitted by an alpha-particle-emitting isotope; and e) execute the adjusted model with the one or more detected photons as inputs to determine a source VOI of the detected photons.

Abstract: A framework for predicting mechanical failure. The framework may acquire vibration data from the at least one vibration sensor in a medical device. The vibration data may be pre-processed to generated pre-processed data. An onset of failure of the medical device may then be predicted based on the pre-processed data.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for a flexible paddle which provides breast positioning assistance during mammography procedures. In one example, the flexible paddle comprises a paddle frame having a cutout at an end of each of a first arm and a second arm, the cutout extending into a width, perpendicular to a length, of each of the first arm and the second arm, and a paddle plate having a projection positioned in a mid-region of each of a first side and a second side, the projection extending into the respective cutout of the paddle frame and coupled to the paddle frame by a plurality of compliant mechanisms to form a compliant, non-sliding, rotationally-flexible hinge.

Abstract: A console device according to an embodiment includes an operation assembly, a display section, and processing circuitry. The operation assembly includes a plurality of operation sections configured to designate a position of each of four X-ray aperture blades included in an X-ray aperture that limits an irradiation range of an X-ray with which a subject is irradiated from an X-ray tube. The display section is configured to indicate a first irradiation range formed by the X-ray aperture. The processing circuitry is configured to control, according to an operation on the operation assembly, a position of a corresponding X-ray aperture blade and cause the X-ray aperture to form a second irradiation range.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging support apparatus includes a hardware processor. The hardware processor performs notification of information on imaging equipment to be used by a photographer at a destination. The imaging equipment is determined based on examination information on a subject to be subjected to radiographic imaging by a movable radiographic imaging apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a scanning cabin, a method implemented on a computing device including a storage device and at least one processor for identifying the scanning cabin, and an imaging system. The method for identifying the scanning cabin may include obtaining coding information of the scanning cabin and determining a specification parameter of the scanning cabin based on the coding information and preset coding information. The method for identifying the scanning cabin provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can accurately identify the scanning cabin in animal imaging, reduce the identification cost of the scanning cabin, and improve the identification efficiency of the scanning cabin.

Abstract: A medical image diagnostic apparatus of an embodiment has processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to acquire electrocardiographic waveform data of a subject, and set one imaging condition to be applied to electrocardiogram-gated imaging of the subject among a plurality of preset imaging conditions for electrocardiogram-gated imaging on the basis of the acquired electrocardiographic waveform data.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to systems, methods, and devices for medical image analysis, diagnosis, risk stratification, decision making and/or disease tracking. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are configured to analyze non-invasive medical images of a subject to automatically and/or dynamically identify one or more features, such as plaque and vessels, and/or derive one or more quantified plaque parameters, such as radiodensity, radiodensity composition, volume, radiodensity heterogeneity, geometry, location, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are further configured to generate one or more assessments of plaque-based diseases from raw medical images using one or more of the identified features and/or quantified parameters.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to systems, methods, and devices for medical image analysis, diagnosis, risk stratification, decision making and/or disease tracking. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are configured to analyze non-invasive medical images of a subject to automatically and/or dynamically identify one or more features, such as plaque and vessels, and/or derive one or more quantified plaque parameters, such as radiodensity, radiodensity composition, volume, radiodensity heterogeneity, geometry, location, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are further configured to generate one or more assessments of plaque-based diseases from raw medical images using one or more of the identified features and/or quantified parameters.

Abstract: Three dimensional X-ray imaging systems are described in this application. In particular, this application describes a 3D dental intra-oral imaging (3DIO) system that collects a series of 2D image projections. The X-ray imaging system comprises a housing, an X-ray source attached to a articulating or motion gantry configured to move the source within the housing to multiple positions, an X-ray detector array located on an opposite side of an object to be imaged from the X-ray source, where the detector array is synchronized with the X-ray source to capture 2D images of the object when the X-ray source is located in multiple imaging positions, and a processor configured to accept the 2D images and reconstruct a 3D image. The multiple imaging positions can be located on a plane substantially parallel to the X-ray detector array. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for improving image quality. The method comprises: acquiring, using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), a medical image of a subject, wherein the medical image is acquired with shortened acquisition time; and applying a deep learning network model to the medical image to generate an enhanced medical image.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for acquiring a captured target image of a target region. When it is determined that there is at least one to-be-optimized region of a bright region and/or a dark region in the target image, calculating, for each to-be-optimized region, a pixel average of the to-be-optimized region in the target image, and determining a to-be-optimized region received dose corresponding to the pixel average of the to-be-optimized region; adjusting an X-ray emission dose of an X-ray source according to a principle of making the to-be-optimized region received dose reach an X-ray reference received dose, and acquiring optimized images of the target region captured based on the X-ray emission dose adjusted to meet a requirement; and adding and synthesizing the optimized images, or adding and synthesizing the optimized images and the target image, to obtain an X-ray image of the target region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intraoral X-ray sensor for use with an intraoral X-ray system having an automatic exposure control (AEC) functionality, characterized in that the intraoral X-ray sensor includes an exposure analysis unit, an imaging X-ray detector, and a communication interface, wherein a scout shot or scout video stream received from the imaging X-ray detector is analyzed by the exposure analysis unit in the intraoral X-ray sensor in order to record information on the exposure level of the scout image or video stream and to forward this information by means of the communication interface to a decision unit of the intraoral X-ray system, which is arranged externally to the intraoral X-ray sensor, and adapted for evaluation and decision of further exposures.

Abstract: A new non-invasive tool for cartilage assessment, exercise and sports management, and prevention of osteoarthritis is provided. In various embodiments, cartilage condition is assessed using audible signals from joints. Assessment test results are used to provide feedback regarding joint stress and friction that is related to physiological or pathological loads. Data obtained from audible signals are processed to provide an index that can be interpreted by a user or third parties. The index is useful as a baseline for exercise practices, training routines, wellness programs, or rehabilitation protocols.