Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging system (1) comprising an infrared camera system for monitoring a subject when undergoing an examination while positioned in an examination zone (11) of the magnetic resonance imaging system. The infrared camera system comprises an infrared camera (21). The magnetic resonance imaging system further comprises a coating (2) on at least one wall of a room housing the magnetic resonance imaging system, and/or on an interior wall of a magnet assembly (10) around the examination zone and/or on auxiliary equipment of the magnetic resonance system for use inside the examination zone, in which the is adapted to absorb and/or diffusely reflect infrared light, so as to avoid spurious reflections and/or to provide diffuse auxiliary lighting.

Abstract: Diagnostic systems and methods including temperature-sensing vascular devices. A diagnostic system can include a catheter assembly for establishing vascular or other access within a body of a patient. The catheter assembly can be equipped with one or more sensors such as temperature sensors that enable monitoring of one or more physiological aspects of the patient, such as temperature, when a portion of the catheter assembly is disposed within the patient. The catheter assembly can be configured to transmit or otherwise forward data relating to the physiological aspects to another location, such as a console, a smartphone or another mobile device, a nurse station, a patient electronic medical record, etc. A method of the diagnostic system can include an instantiating step of instantiating in memory of the console a diagnostic process having one or more functions for at least processing temperature data from the catheter assembly.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of evaluating a risk assessment of cerebrovascular disease are disclosed. The method includes the following. A first cerebrovascular flow signal and a respiration signal are obtained. The first cerebrovascular flow signal is decomposed to obtain a first decomposed signal. Multiple first sampled signals are sampled from the first decomposed signal according to the respiration signal. A first characteristic signal is generated according to an average of the first sampled signals. It is determined whether to output a warning message according to the first characteristic signal.

Abstract: Some implementations of the disclosure describe a blood pressure measurement apparatus and method that enable continuous, non-invasive blood pressure measurement using sound and ultrasound transducers. In one implementation, a blood pressure measurement device includes: a first transducer configured to emit multiple soundwaves having multiple frequencies, the soundwaves configured to cause a blood vessel of a subject to vibrate; a second transducer configured to capture one or more ultrasound images of the blood vessel; and a processing device configured to: determine, based on the one or more ultrasound images, a wall thickness, a radius, and a resonant frequency of the blood vessel; and calculate, based on the wall thickness, the radius, and the resonant frequency, a blood pressure of the subject.

Abstract: A method for predicting fractional flow reserve on the basis of machine learning is disclosed. The disclosed method for predicting fractional flow reserve comprises the steps of: receiving a class of a target cardiac blood vessel and a feature value for the target cardiac blood vessel extracted from an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of a lumen of the target cardiac blood vessel; and predicting an FFR value for the target cardiac blood vessel using at least one pretrained predictive model, the class of the target cardiac blood vessel, and the feature value, wherein the feature value includes at least one of a proximal lumen area (PLA) value, a minimal lumen area (MLA) value, a percent area stenosis value, a distal lumen area (DLA) value, a lesion length value, a rupture presence/absence value, a plaque area value, and a lipid rich value.

Abstract: A computer system receives a plurality of signals corresponding to first time-series magnetic data generated from a plurality of unshielded magnetometers proximate to the human subject. The first time-series magnetic data corresponds to magnetic fields generated from the human subject. The plurality of signals includes contributions from a biomagnetic field from at least a portion of the subject's organ and a background magnetic field. The computer system synchronizes the first time-series magnetic data to a common clock to generate synchronized time-series magnetic data. The computer system applies one or more filters to the synchronized time-series magnetic data to obtain filtered data. The computer system applies one or more noise reduction techniques to the filtered data to generate updated time-series magnetic data.

Abstract: The invention provides a bed that enables non-invasive functional MRI for general purposes. The invention provides a functional MRI bed system equipped with a helmet to immobilize the head of the animal with a U-shaped fixture.

Abstract: Method of determining whether a balloon of a balloon catheter is positioned in the stomach of a person. The balloon catheter comprises a catheter and a balloon. The method comprises the steps of: a) inflating (1401) the balloon and determining (1402) a pressure inside the balloon, until at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) a predefined target volume is inserted in the balloon, and (ii) the determined pressure is larger than a threshold: b) testing (1403) whether the determined pressure (p) is or was larger than the threshold, and if so, deflating (1405) the balloon; and if not, providing (1406) a signal indicative of correct positioning of the balloon catheter. A system comprising a balloon catheter (130), and an inflation device (113), and a pressure sensor, and a control unit (110) for performing such a method, and optionally a food pump (112).

Abstract: A medical probe includes a flexible spline assembly coupled to a distal end of an elongated shaft and including spline conductors. The spline conductors are electrically coupled to each other at a common distal termination, and each spline conductor extends proximally in an arcuate shape. The medical probe includes elongated conductors extending through the elongated shaft and being electrically coupled to a respective spline conductor. A computational system is configured to provide an output to a plurality of radiators to thereby generate alternating magnetic fields, measure electrical signals across pairs of spline conductors induced by the alternating magnetic fiels, and calculate a position and an orientation of an ellipsoid volume encompassed by the spline conductors based on the electrical signals.

Abstract: One or more devices, systems, methods and storage mediums for performing medical procedure (e.g., needle guidance, ablation, biopsy, etc.) planning and/or performance, and/or for performing registration using at least one mask, are provided. Examples of applications for such devices, systems, methods and storage mediums include imaging, evaluating and diagnosing biological objects, such as, but not limited to, lesions and tumors, and such devices, systems, methods and storage mediums may be used for radiotherapy applications (e.g., to determine whether to place seed(s) for radiotherapy). The devices, systems, methods and storage mediums provide improved registration results by utilizing at least one mask to suppress one or more artifacts or objects (which may or may not include, but is not limited to, at least one medical instrument or tool) in an image including a portion of the medical guidance device and/or to enhance a region or target of interest in the image.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for registering electromagnetic navigation data of a luminal network to a 3D model of the luminal network includes accessing a 3D model of a luminal network based on computed tomographic (CT) images of the luminal network, the 3D model corresponding to a CT coordinate space, selecting a plurality of reference points within the 3D model of the luminal network, accessing a plurality of survey points within the luminal network, the plurality of survey points being based on electromagnetic navigation data and corresponding to a body coordinate space, correlating the plurality of reference points and the plurality of survey points to determine pairs of correlated reference points and survey points; and deriving a transformation that maps the body coordinate space to the CT coordinate space based on the pairs of correlated reference points and survey points.

Abstract: Methods and systems with 129Xe dynamic spectroscopy with a fitting function that includes one or more non-Lorentzians, optionally with a barrier Voigt, and signal processing for identifying cardiogenic oscillations for evaluating disease states, use in drug discovery or monitoring disease status.

Abstract: Systems for monitoring respiration are described. One system receives spatiotemporal data from a sensor array worn by a patient. The spatiotemporal data includes spatial and temporal components. The system feeds the spatiotemporal data into a machine learning model. The system characterizes the respiration based on an output of the machine learning model. Another system identifies one or more edges on a wearable article, and tracks a frequency of motion of the one or more edges on the wearable device to determine the respiration rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring levels of specific biomarkers in exhaled breath. Specific compounds such as nitric oxide and isoprene can be monitored from a subject's breath. The resultant measurements can provide indications of the subject's medical condition, or response to an applied stress.

Abstract: Airborne transmission of exhaled virus can rapidly spread by increasing disease progression from local incidents to pandemics. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, states and local governments have enforced the use of protective masks in common and work areas to minimize disease spread. Here, the function of protective face coverings is leveraged towards COVID-19 diagnosis. A user-friendly, affordable, and wearable adhesive collector was developed. This non-invasive platform is integrated into protective masks towards collecting airborne virus exhaled from individuals' breath over the wearing period. After sampling or collecting, the enriched pathogen can be extracted from the collector for further analytical evaluation. To validate this design, qualitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and antibody-based dot blot assays were performed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices are disclosed for monitoring sobriety using a hand-held breath testing device. The hand-held breath testing device comprises a sample pump which utilizes a bellows assembly to draw an air sample through an inlet port and into the sample pump. The sample pump comprises a bi-stable spring and nitinol-based structures which cause the pump to actuate and allow the bellows to expand and compress. The sample pump can be utilized with other sampling devices, including but not limited to medical devices, wherein a sampling of a measured volume of gas is desired.

Abstract: A nasal/oral cannula for collecting a flow of exhaled gases and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The cannula comprises an elongated tubular body having a first and a second end portion, a surface and an internal volume; a wall internally disposed within said tubular body, said wall defining a first subvolume of said internal volume in the lengthwise direction of the tubular body; and an inlet through said surface, for introducing exhaled gases into said first subvolume. The first end portion defines an exit port for exhaled gases from said subvolume, and said wall is arranged directly adjacent to said inlet.

Abstract: A method of determining a characteristic of a cardiac condition of an individual, the method including a) measuring at least one signal representative of a cardiac activity of the individual repeatedly; c) processing at least part of the at least one measured signal; d) analyzing a time evolution of at least part of the at least one processed signal; e) providing a characteristic of the signal representative of the cardiac activity, based on procedures a) to d).

Abstract: A method for evaluating a daily walk of an user includes measuring walking data of the user with a measuring device wherein the walking data contains step counts, walking speeds, or walking cycles, and all values of the walking data are segmented in sections as a minimum unit, determining stable walking sections among the walking data wherein the stable walking sections are defined as values of the walking data sections are continuously sustained within a certain range for a reference period, determining a representative value of the stable walking sections wherein the representative value is in a most frequently observed band among the stable walking sections, and evaluating user's health using the representative value and its change over time as evaluation indicators.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces and more specifically to techniques for displaying user interfaces associated with physical activities. Exemplary user interfaces related to activity competitions are described. Exemplary user interfaces related to a friends list for activity sharing are described. Exemplary user interfaces associated with alerts presented to a user in response to automatically determining a boundary of a workout are described. Exemplary user interfaces associated with configuring a pace alert for a workout application are described.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for enhancing motor skill ability of a user comprising: a display unit to provide the user with visual images; any, or any combination of a plurality of movement sensing devices for sensing a user's movement response; and a control unit that provides the images to the display unit, records the user's movement responses, and analyses the responses. In use, the visual display unit presents an image of the human body or part thereof to the user and the user is instructed to mentally determine a particular feature of the image and make a corresponding movement in accordance with the feature identified. A sensing device senses the user's movement response. A control unit assesses the response and provides feedback to the user, or alternatively calculates a score for comparison with normative data or to track an individual's progress.

Abstract: Provided is a human movement intelligent measurement and digital training system, which comprises N inertial navigation wearable devices, M cameras, a data comprehensive analysis device, and a terminal.

Abstract: A test jig has a contact surface that is brought into contact with an imaging surface of a skin pattern input device, and a groove portion that is provided on the contact surface and connected to the outer edge of the contact surface.

Abstract: During a first set of loudness or intensity level scaling tests, a first set of response options are provided to a user of a sensory prosthesis, and the first set of response options are used to receive indications of the user's perceived loudness of the delivered stimulation signals. The indications of a perceived loudness of the stimulation signals, received via the first set of response options, are used to adapt the first set of response options to a second set of response options for use during a second set of loudness or intensity level scaling tests. The first set of response options are associated with a first response precision level, while second set of response options are associated with a second response precision level that is different from the first response precision level.

Abstract: Acoustic immittance and other characteristics of ears may be determined by measuring eardrum displacements resulting from application of pressure to the eardrum. For example, optical coherence tomography may be applied to monitor eardrum displacements responsive to a sound. The pressure corresponding to the sound is measured by a suitable instrument such as a microphone. The measured displacements and pressures may be processed to obtain a measure of immitance.

Abstract: An applicator, according to the present invention, for inserting, into the skin of a user, a sensor for measuring biological information comprises: an applicator body having, detachably coupled thereto, a base unit including a base unit housing and an adhesive part, which is provided on the base unit housing so as to be attachable to the skin of the user; a locking hook provided at the applicator body so as to engage with the base unit in order to maintain the base unit in a state of being coupled to the applicator body; an insertion unit provided at the applicator body and moving, from a first position at which a sensor unit is spaced from the base unit to a second position at which the sensor unit is coupled to the base unit, the sensor unit including the sensor and a sensor unit housing in which the sensor is mounted, in order to insert the sensor into the skin of the user; and a moving member which is provided at the applicator body so as to be movable from a third position to a fourth position, and which

Abstract: A flexible, multi-layered device for automatically sensing sweat biomarkers, storing and transmitting sensed data via wireless network to a computing device having software applications operable thereon for receiving and analyzing the sensed data. The device is functional in extreme conditions, including extremely hot temperatures, extremely cold temperatures, high salinity, high altitude, extreme pHs, and/or extreme pressures.

Abstract: Digital and graphical user interfaces for multi-analyte monitoring systems are provided. For example, disclosed herein are various embodiments of methods, systems, and interfaces for alarm interfaces, alarm settings interfaces, alarm unavailability interfaces and features, and sensor results interfaces. Various embodiments of interfaces relating to glucose and ketone sensing are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a signal that corresponds to blood glucose level. The method includes transmitting by one or more transmitting (TX) antennas, active RF radio waves below the skin surface of a user, and receiving radio waves on one or more receiving (RX) antennas. The received radio waves include a response portion of the transmitted radio waves. Further, the method includes collecting signals in response to receiving the radio waves on one or more RX antennas; modifying the signals to filter out certain frequencies bands not associated with glucose waveforms; sending the signals to a network processing module; and receiving a blood glucose level from the network processing module in response to the signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for monitoring a health parameter of a person in which a system receives data that corresponds to a digital pulse wave signal that is generated from radio frequency data that corresponds to radio waves that have responded from below the skin surface of a person, wherein the radio frequency data is collected through a three-dimensional array of receive antennas, the receive antennas are located at various locations to the transmit antennas, and determines a value that corresponds to a blood glucose level in the person in response to the data that corresponds to the digital pulse wave signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a health parameter is disclosed. The system comprises a device having one or more transmit antennas configured to transmit Activated RF Range radio waves over a space below the skin surface of a user and one or more receive antennas configured to receive a responded portion of the transmitted Activated RF Range radio waves. A network base module is configured to transmit or receive Activated RF Range radio waves from the device base module over the cloud network. The network base module comprises a create transfer function module configured to obtain an output signal of the device base module and a known output ground truth data. The create transfer function module generates an artificial intelligence (AI) correction algorithm between the output signal of the device base module and the known output ground truth data, and an execute transfer function module configured to execute the AI correction algorithm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a continuous blood sugar measuring device, and provides a continuous blood sugar measuring device which is capable of minimizing additional work of a user in order to attach a body attachment unit, by manufacturing the body attachment unit to be assembled inside an applicator so that the body attachment unit can be attached to the body simply by operating the applicator and, particularly: communicating with an external terminal by providing a wireless communication chip in the body attachment unit so that simple and convenient use is possible and maintenance can easily be performed without the additional work of connecting a separate transmitter; initiating operation by a manipulation of the user, after attaching the body attachment unit to the body, so that an operation initiation time can be adjusted to a suitable time according to the need of the user; and initiating operation in a stabilized state to enable a more accurate measurement of blood sugar.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a continuous blood sugar measuring device, and provides a continuous blood sugar measuring device which is capable of minimizing additional work of a user in order to attach a body attachment unit, by manufacturing the body attachment unit to be assembled inside an applicator so that the body attachment unit can be attached to the body simply by operating the applicator and, particularly: communicating with an external terminal by providing a wireless communication chip in the body attachment unit so that simple and convenient use is possible and maintenance can easily be performed without the additional work of connecting a separate transmitter; initiating operation by a manipulation of the user, after attaching the body attachment unit to the body, so that an operation initiation time can be adjusted to a suitable time according to the need of the user; and initiating operation in a stabilized state to enable a more accurate measurement of blood sugar.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a continuous blood sugar measuring device, and provides a continuous blood sugar measuring device which is capable of minimizing additional work of a user in order to attach a body attachment unit, by manufacturing the body attachment unit to be assembled inside an applicator so that the body attachment unit can be attached to the body simply by operating the applicator and, particularly: communicating with an external terminal by providing a wireless communication chip in the body attachment unit so that simple and convenient use is possible and maintenance can easily be performed without the additional work of connecting a separate transmitter; initiating operation by a manipulation of the user, after attaching the body attachment unit to the body, so that an operation initiation time can be adjusted to a suitable time according to the need of the user; and initiating operation in a stabilized state to enable a more accurate measurement of blood sugar.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to analyte sensor configurations. The present disclosure can include planar analyte sensors or coaxial analyte sensors. The planar analyte sensors can include one or more insulating and conductive layers and a substrate layered on each other. The coaxial analyte sensors can include one or more co-extruded wire electrodes with a substrate. The continuous analyte monitoring systems discussed herein can be configured to monitor one or more analytes to provide predictive and real-time health data and benefits.

Abstract: A system that includes an apparatus for generating radio frequency scanning data which includes a transmitter for transmitting radio waves below the skin surface of a person and a two-dimensional array of receive antennas for receiving the radio waves, including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves that is reflected from a blood vessel of the person. The wave signal is compared to known standard waveforms, and similar waveforms are input into a machine learning algorithm to determine one or more health parameters of the person. The system then notifies the person and/or health professionals of the person's health status. The apparatus may be activated by any number of modules when data is needed. The apparatus may be activated based on the requirements of medical staff, the requirements of other measurement devices, the requirements of an operating device or robot, a set schedule, etc.

Abstract: An optical measurement system includes a detector configured to detect signal photons included in a light pulse after the signal photons enter a body of a user and are scattered by a target within the body and reference photons included in the light pulse, the reference photons being diverted to the detector without entering the body. The optical measurement system further includes a processing unit configured to determine a temporal distribution of the signal photons detected by the detector, determine a temporal distribution of the reference photons detected by the detector, and generate measurement data based on the temporal distribution of the signal photons and the temporal distribution of the reference photons.

Abstract: Analysis of a transabdominally-obtained composite non-pulsatile, or DC signal, for a pregnant mammal and her fetus may provide an indication of a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level for the fetus' non-pulsatile, or venous, blood. This analysis of the composite DC signal may allow for the determination of a relative and/or absolute indication of fetal hemoglobin saturation level for non-pulsatile, or venous, blood without requiring analysis of a fetal pulsatile, or AC, signal.

Abstract: An applicator for inserting a sensor for biometric information measurement into a user's skin according to the present disclosure comprises: an applicator body; an insertion unit which is installed in the applicator body in order to move a sensor unit from a first position spaced apart from the user's skin to a second position where the sensor is inserted into the user's skin, wherein the sensor unit includes the sensor, a sensor unit housing to which the sensor is mounted, an adhesive layer provided on the sensor unit housing, and a protective sheet covering the adhesive layer; a removing member to which a portion of the protective sheet is coupled and which is rotatably installed in the applicator body in order to remove the protective sheet from the adhesive layer; and an operation member which is installed in the applicator body such that the operation member can be manipulated by a user to operate the removing member.

Abstract: A device for obtaining a blood sample may include a holder for receiving a sample source. the holder having an actuation portion and a port: a blood collector attachment removably connected to the holder; and a collection container removably connectable to the blood collector attachment. the container defining a collection cavity, and the collection container comprising at least one fill line provided on a surface of the collection container.

Abstract: A system for collecting a physiological sample from a subject includes a lancet configured to draw a physiological sample and a cartridge configured to be affixed to the subject's skin. The cartridge includes a physiological sample well, a sloped physiological sample channel in open communication with the physiological sample well and a sample collection pad in in open communication with the sloped physiological channel and configured to absorb the drawn physiological sample. The physiological sample well is configured to retain the drawn physiological sample and the sloped physiological channel is configured to carry the drawn physiological sample from the physiological sample to the sample collection pad.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing, a fluid reservoir, a flow control mechanism, and an actuator. The housing defines an inner volume and has an inlet port that can be fluidically coupled to a patient and an outlet port. The fluid reservoir is disposed in the inner volume to receive and isolate a first volume of a bodily-fluid. The flow control mechanism is rotatable in the housing from a first configuration, in which a first lumen places the inlet port is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, and a second configuration, in which a second lumen places the inlet port in fluid communication with the outlet port. The actuator is configured to create a negative pressure in the fluid reservoir and is configured to rotate the flow control mechanism from the first configuration to the second configuration after the first volume of bodily-fluid is received in the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing, a fluid reservoir, a flow control mechanism, and an actuator. The housing defines an inner volume and has an inlet port that can be fluidically coupled to a patient and an outlet port. The fluid reservoir is disposed in the inner volume to receive and isolate a first volume of a bodily-fluid. The flow control mechanism is rotatable in the housing from a first configuration, in which a first lumen places the inlet port is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, and a second configuration, in which a second lumen places the inlet port in fluid communication with the outlet port. The actuator is configured to create a negative pressure in the fluid reservoir and is configured to rotate the flow control mechanism from the first configuration to the second configuration after the first volume of bodily-fluid is received in the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: A blood draw device for performing arterial blood collection includes a catheter tube, a housing configured to movably receive the catheter tube, and an advancement member movably coupled to the housing to move the catheter tube between first and second positions, with a distal end of the catheter tube disposed beyond a distal end of the housing and past a distal tip of the indwelling arterial catheter when in the second position. A secondary catheter is coupled to the advancement member and extends out proximally therefrom, with a collection device coupled to the secondary catheter so as to be in fluid communication with the catheter tube. The blood draw device is configured such that a fluid path formed by the catheter tube and secondary catheter has a controlled geometric factor, defined as a ratio of a length of the fluid path to an inner diameter of the fluid path.

Abstract: An arterial access system includes a catheter assembly having an arterial catheter and an access port. A blood draw device is coupled to the access port, with the blood draw device including a catheter tube, a housing that movably receives the catheter tube and has a distal end portion coupleable to the catheter assembly, and an advancement member configured to move relative to the housing to move the catheter tube between first and second positions to enable a distal end of the catheter tube to be disposed past a distal of the arterial catheter. A collection device is positioned proximal to the housing and in fluid communication with the catheter tube such that, with the catheter tube in the second position, the collection device directly collects a sample of arterial blood through the catheter tube.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a signal processing apparatus and a method that enable improvement in the robustness of emotion estimation against noise. A signal processing apparatus extracts, on the basis of a measured biological signal, a physiological measure contributing to an emotion as a feature amount, outputs, with respect to time-series data about the feature amount, time-series data about a prediction label of an emotion status by a discriminative model built in advance, and outputs an emotion estimation result on the basis of a result of performing weighted summation of the prediction label with prediction label reliability that is reliability of the prediction label. The present technology can be applied to an emotion estimation processing system.

Abstract: A system for integrating a plurality of biosensor devices includes one or more communication interfaces adapted to communicate with each of the plurality of biosensor devices connected to a subject, and a processor executing software on a non-transitory memory to: establish a communication link with each of the plurality of biosensor devices, receive biodata from each of the plurality of biosensor devices through the one or more communication interfaces at a sampling rate, assign a timestamp to the received biodata such that the received data from the plurality of biosensor devices are synchronized, receive environmental data via one or more environmental sensors, store received biodata along with the assigned timestamp into a database and the environmental data, analyze stored data along with the assigned timestamp to predict an evoked response to one or more stimuli and the environmental data and provide a feedback based on the analysis.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring magnetic fields from a subject's organ comprises a plurality of unshielded magnetometers in a three-dimensional arrangement. A respective pair of magnetometers, in the plurality of magnetometers, has a respective known separation. Each magnetometer in the plurality of magnetometers is configured to simultaneously detect a biomagnetic field from at least a portion of the subject's organ and a background magnetic field and output a signal indicative of the detected biomagnetic field and the background magnetic field.

Abstract: A bio-signal skin contact apparatus comprises a first layer, a second layer with adhesive for a skin contact, and a middle layer that is elastic and located between and in contact with the first layer and the second layer. Each of one or more hole structures comprise a first hole through the first layer, a second hole through the second layer and a third hole through the middle layer. The first, second and third holes of a single hole structure of the at least one hole structure are overlapping. A connector structure is partly within the hole, the connector structure comprising an extension, which extends above the level of the first layer, and a cavity for a sensor within the connector structure. The extension performs a bayonet connection with a counter-connector. The connector structure comprises an aperture through the extension in a level of the middle layer.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.