Abstract: Described herein, are methods for providing a protective coating to a storage container for storing nuclear material, the method comprising depositing nickel particles on at least one surface of the substrate to produce the protective coating, wherein the nickel particles are deposited by cold spraying a composition comprising nickel particles and a carrier gas comprising nitrogen. In one aspect, the carrier gas consists essentially or consists only of nitrogen. The methods do not require pretreatment or modification of the nickel particles prior to cold spraying, which makes the methods described herein economically practical. The coatings produced by the methods described herein possess several advantageous properties including, but not limited to, high adhesion strength to the storage system and low porosity. The coatings produced by the methods described herein are effective against chemical attack such as, for example, CISCC.

Abstract: The present injection apparatus is designed for replenishing embedded foundation preservation wraps with preservative whilst avoiding spillage. The injection apparatus comprises an injection bayonet having a lumen fluidly interfacing a plurality of preservative outlet nozzles along the injection bayonet and a preservative inlet fluidly interfacing the lumen. A portable preservative containing tank may be attached to the inlet via a flexible hose. The apparatus further comprises a syringe operating between the preservative inlet and the lumen. When replenishing the preservation wrap, the injection bayonet is inserted between the preservation wrap and the foundation so that preservative is configured to be supplied via the preservative inlet to flow out from the nozzles via the lumen to replenish the preservation wrap with the preservative. After replenishment, the lumen is purged of residual preservative using the syringe.

Abstract: A production method including: a step of forming, on a substrate layer containing a polypropylene resin or a polyester resin, a metal oxide layer by a vacuum film forming process; a step of applying a gas barrier coating layer-forming composition on the metal oxide layer to form a coating film; a step of preheating the coating film by infrared radiation; and a step of heating and thereby curing the coating film preheated by infrared radiation in an atmosphere at 50 to 120° C. to form a gas barrier coating layer, in which the gas barrier coating layer-forming composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silicon alkoxide and its hydrolysate, and a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phaco driver system for controlling operation of an ophthalmic surgical phacoemulsification device. The phaco driver system comprises a resonant output circuit for generating a transducer voltage for driving an ultrasonic transducer of the ophthalmic surgical phacoemulsification device. Further, the phaco driver system includes a bridge unit for generating a bridge output signal for feeding the resonant output circuit, the bridge output signal being based on a composition of the first and second phase signals having a fixed mutual phase difference.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the device that includes a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). The CMUT includes an integrated circuit substrate, and a sensing electrode positioned on the integrated substrate. The sensing electrode includes a sidewall that forms a wall of an isolation trench adjacent to the sensing electrode, and is patterned before covering dielectric layers are deposited. After patterning of the sensing electrode, one or more dielectric layers are patterned, with one dielectric layer patterned on the sensing electrode and sidewall, and which has a thickness corresponding to the surface roughness of the sensing electrode. The CMUT further includes a membrane positioned above the sensing electrode forming a cavity therein.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a first cover member, a second cover member, and a first vibration part and a second vibration part between the first cover member and the second cover member. The first vibration part and the second vibration part are arranged in different directions.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus for unsorted nuggets includes a frame, a first sieve including a mesh, the unsorted nuggets being charged into the first sieve, a trimming unit configured to cut the wire-shaped conductors sticking out from the mesh of the first sieve, a shredding unit configured to shred the unsorted nuggets remaining in the first sieve, a second sieve including a mesh that is finer than the mesh of the first sieve, the unsorted nuggets shredded by the shredding unit being charged into the second sieve, a collecting unit configured to collect the wire-shaped conductors having passed through and sieved off with the mesh of the first sieve, the wire-shaped conductors having passed through and sieved off with the mesh of the second sieve, and the wire-shaped conductors having been cut by the trimming unit, and a control unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to devices, systems, and methods for automating parcel handling.

Abstract: A system and method for sorting copper-bearing ore to select portions having a target copper content. The system includes an analysis and selection station including first magnetic resonance analyzer measuring the input ore copper content and a controlled diverter to divert portions of the input ore to a collection path when the copper content meets or exceeds a predetermined cut-off value. The predetermined cut-off is adjusted by a controller in response to the first magnetic resonance analyzer. A second magnetic resonance analyzer measures the copper content of ore in a product path. That measurement is fed back to the controller to fine tune the adjusted cut-off value above, up or down, to optimize the yield of ore having the targeted copper content. The system may include a station for sizing the input ore, a station for sizing the output ore, and a station for sizing waste produced by the system.

Abstract: A sorting method automatically sorts workpieces arranged in a removal area of a flatbed machine tool, in particular a laser cutting machine or a punching machine, into a deposit area after a sorting process. The method includes: creating at least one actual image that depicts an actual state of the removal area; and analyzing the actual image to identify process disruptions. A measure to adjust the sorting process is automatically initiated upon identifying a process disruption.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning device (31) includes a roll cleaning member (61) and a rotation holding portion (100). The rotation holding portion (100) includes a non-contact sealing portion (140) that is disposed between a bearing portion (130) and the roll cleaning member (61) to seal a gap between a shaft portion (110) and a housing portion (120).

Abstract: Disclosed are cleaning apparatuses, semiconductor fabrication systems, and semiconductor fabrication methods. The cleaning apparatus comprises a housing that provides an inner space and a cleaning unit combined with the housing. The housing includes a slit that is upwardly recessed from a bottom surface of the housing and is connected to the inner space and a plurality of placement holes that upwardly extend from the bottom surface of the housing. The cleaning unit includes an intake device in the inner space and an intake pipe one end of which is connected to the intake device and another end of which is connected to the slit.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning particles from a tool includes a nozzle structure having a spray opening to spray a cleaning liquid in a first direction to the tool, a cleaning pad disposed around the nozzle structure, and a support disposed around the cleaning pad. The cleaning pad exposes the spray opening and includes a front surface facing in the first direction to clean the tool. The support includes multiple gas openings to blow a pressurized gas in the first direction to the tool, and multiple vacuum openings to suck residual gas, liquid and particles around the tool. An air wall around the tool is thus generated by a combination of operations performed by the multiple gas openings and the multiple vacuum openings to reduce or prevent contamination that might be caused by the cleaning device in the chamber.

Abstract: Methods of cleaning glass comprise mixing the glass with a peroxide-containing aqueous solution and heating the glass at a temperature of about 100°° C. or more. In aspects, 50 wt % of the peroxide-containing aqueous solution based on an amount of the glass is mixed with the glass. The peroxide-containing aqueous solution can be removed from the glass before the heating. Alternatively, in aspects, from 10 wt % to 50 wt % of the peroxide-containing aqueous solution based on an amount of the glass can be mixed with the glass.

Abstract: A substrate processing module of a substrate processing device includes a first tank and a second tank and that are arranged in a first direction and in which a substrate can be disposed, and two first transport units and that transport the substrate. One first transport unit includes a second chuck that is movable up and down and is disposed in the second tank in a state of holding the substrate, and the other first transport unit includes a first chuck that is movable up and down and is disposed in the first tank in a state of holding the substrate. At least one of the second chuck and the first chuck is movable between a position above the second tank and a position above the first tank. The second chuck and the first chuck are configured to be able to transfer the substrate therebetween.

Abstract: A pool filter cleaning system is disclosed. The pool filter system allows for an efficient cleaning of contaminated pool filters without disposing contaminants into the ground or drain while also preserving water used. The system includes a container body having an interior volume divided into an upper wash compartment and a lower catch chamber. A system filter is disposed between the upper wash compartment and the lower catch chamber. A cleaning platform is disposed above the system filter and is configured to support a contaminated pool filter. The system further includes one or more pressure differential ports disposed on the container body. The one or more pressure differential ports are configured to receive a corresponding pressure generator apparatus for creating a pressure differential between the upper wash compartment and the lower catch chamber.

Abstract: A method for conditioning a component of a wafer processing chamber is provided. The component is placed in an ultrasonic conditioning solution in an ultrasonic solution tank. Ultrasonic energy is applied through the ultrasonic conditioning solution to the component to clean the component. The component is submerged in a megasonic conditioning solution in a tank. Megasonic energy is applied through the megasonic conditioning solution to the component to clean the component.

Abstract: A drain cleaning device is configured to be used in a pipe defining a pipe diameter. The drain cleaning device includes a frame, a reservoir supported by the frame, a drum assembly supported by the frame, and a flexible hose positioned at least partially within the drum assembly. The flexible hose is configured to be extended from and retracted into the drum assembly. The flexible hose defines a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The first end is coupled to the reservoir. The drain cleaning device further includes a flexible scrubber adjacent the second end of the flexible hose. The flexible hose includes a first nozzle angled in a direction away from the flexible scrubber and a second nozzle angled in a direction toward the flexible scrubber.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a flushing process for removing polymer fouling from a reactor including a gas distributor proximal to the bottom thereof and an internal condenser proximal to the top thereof, the method including, for a first flushing time period, injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the internal condenser to induce an upward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a first polymer content. After the first flushing time period is complete, for a second flushing time period, the process includes injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the gas distributor to induce a downward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a second polymer content.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for attracting and/or repelling byproducts in a build chamber of a powder-bed fusion system by one or more electrostatically charged plates. The method and apparatus may deliver material to the build chamber of the powder-bed fusion system by a material depositor. An energy beam source may generate an energy beam and apply the energy beam to the material such that the energy beam generates byproducts in the build chamber when applied to the material. One or more electrostatically charged plates are associated with one or more walls of the build chamber to attract and/or repel at least a portion of the byproducts in the build chamber such that the byproducts attached to the surface of the electrostatically charged plates and/or exit the build chamber without damaging a build piece or components of the powder-bed fusion system.

Abstract: A tufted geotextile for covering and closing land surfaces with shear resistance to hydraulic and dry-flow displacement of infill, having a backing sheet tufted with first yarns to form a plurality of first tufts that extend a first length as simulated grass blades and tufted with second yarns different from the first yarn for a plurality of second tufts extend a second length as simulated understory grass blades, said second tufts having distal ends that splay to form nexts of discrete fibers extending into interstices between the first and second tufts, and an infill received within the interstices, which next restrict hydraulic and dry-flow displacement of the infill. A method of tufting a geotextile for understory tufts and nests is disclosed. A method of covering outdoor land sites for increased resistance to high shear hydraulic and dry-flow events is disclosed.

Abstract: Glass may be recovered from a used solar module through heating and the application of stress (such as mechanical stress). One or more of ?junction box removal, ?cable removal, and/or ?deframing may result in a used solar module comprising glass adhered to a laminate including polymer and a photovoltaic (PV) material such as crystalline silicon. Heat can be applied via conduction, convection and/or radiation to achieve removal of glass. Applied radiation of specific wavelengths may be absorbed by material(s) of interest (e.g., polymer encapsulant) but not by others (e.g., the glass). Following and/or concurrent with the heating, the module may be subject to stress to allow the glass to detach (e.g., in the form of cullets) from the laminate. One approach may be to bend the glass-laminate combination. This bending effectively creates enough stress for the cullets to detach and separate (e.g., fall under the force of gravity).

Abstract: A method of feeding a contaminated soil to a remediation apparatus to generate a clean soil and mixing the contaminated soil with an aqueous cleaning solution to generate a soil solution. The method also includes subjecting the soil solution to vortical flow in a first direction and subjecting the soil solution to vortical flow in a second direction in an opposite lateral direction from the first direction. The clean soil can then be separated from a dirty aqueous solution. A remediation apparatus used to clean the contaminated soil that includes a chamber having a soil inlet for receiving a contaminated soil and a soil outlet. The chamber is angled downward from the soil inlet to the soil outlet to facilitate the flow of the soil solution through the chamber.

Abstract: A deep cleaning method for highly contaminated soil comprises a feeding step, a washing step, a first separation step, a second separation step, a countercurrent washing step, and a wastewater treatment step. The countercurrent washing step is to receive the sand water that completed the second separation step. The sand water is introduced into a countercurrent washing tank from the top, and the clean water is injected into the bottom of the countercurrent washing tank to form a countercurrent washing state. The washed sand is discharged from the bottom of the countercurrent washing tank, and the mud washed from the sand is overflowed by the rising water flow and collected to a wastewater treatment unit. Through the backwashing step, the highly oil-contaminated soil with low mud content can also be applied to the water washing method, thereby expanding the treatable range of oil-contaminated soil.

Abstract: Provided is a forged steel roll for cold rolling with a Vickers hardness Hy at 400° C. of 400 or more.

Abstract: A sliding machine includes: at least one slide fixed to side parts on an upper surface of a main chassis, a second form roller unit positioned to move horizontally on the slide and located between a first form roller unit and a third form roller unit, a servo motor, two spindles of motion that transmit the motion drive to the rollers in a first form roller group, a second form roller group and a third form roller group through the wedge channel formed from one end to the other, at least one motion spindle gear fixed to the end of the spindle of motion, a motor which gives the driving power to the spindle of motion, a reducer positioned on the output shaft of the motor, at least one reducer gear sequentially fixed on the output shaft of the reducer and two sheet metal moving rails.

Abstract: An evaluation device that determines, based on data acquired by an acquisition device, an error value (PF) relating to the flatness of a strip of a rolling material exiting a roll stand, and supplies the determined error values (PF) to a control device, which takes the error values (PF) into account when determining adjustment variables(S) for flatness control elements of the roll stand. The interaction of the acquisition device, the evaluation device, the control device and the roll stand results in a closed control loop working in real time. In order to determine the particular error value (PF) of the strip, the evaluation device performs a local frequency analysis of the data and determines the particular error value (PF) on the basis of the local frequency analysis.

Abstract: A method for bending profiles, wherein the profiles have a profile web and bent or angled profile legs at lateral ends of the profile web, wherein the profile is bent or formed parallel to and in the plane of the profile web and the height of the profile web between the profile legs varies over the length of the profile. The profile is formed with a roll arrangement that has at least one supporting roll, one bending roll, and one forming roll positioned one after the other in the movement direction, wherein the supporting roll, the bending roll, and the forming roll rest against the profile or profile legs in lateral edge regions, and through the adjustment of the distance between the bending roll and the forming roll perpendicular to the movement direction of the profile, it is possible to adjust the bending radius of a profile.

Abstract: Longitudinal-wire guide for advancing a number of parallel steel wires in a predetermined X direction, having a multiplicity of fittings, consisting of a lower longitudinal-wire-guiding lever (LW-guiding lever), an upper longitudinal-wire-guiding lever (LW-guiding lever), and a compression spring acting between the two, and having a lateral longitudinal-wire guide (LW guide), wherein the fittings are arranged so as to be steplessly displaceable in relation to one another in a Y direction, which is perpendicular to the X direction, and wherein the multiplicity of fittings are arranged on a carriage which can be driven in the X direction.

Abstract: A ring-rolling mill (1) includes a machine table (2) for accommodating the rolled material (3) and an axial stand (4) that supports at least one axial roll, preferably two axial rolls (5, 6), for rolling the end faces (7, 8) of the rolled material (3). The ring-rolling mill and a method for operation thereof facilitate rapid product change without elaborate setting-up or without conversion of the rolling mill. For that purpose at least one pressure roll, preferably two pressure rolls (9, 10), for rolling the outer circumference (11) of the rolled material (3) is further arranged on the axial stand (4). The at least one pressure roll (9, 10) is arranged so as to be translationally displaceable relative to the axial stand (4).

Abstract: A thread-rolling apparatus includes a base, a feeding unit, a thread-forming assembly, and a distance-sensing assembly. The base mainly includes a movable portion, a first body, and a second body between the movable portion and the first body. The thread-forming assembly includes cooperating first and second dies and a working passage formed between the dies. The distance-sensing assembly includes at least one sensing unit disposed on the first body and a processing module connected to the sensing unit. The cooperation between the sensing unit and the processing module senses changes in a first distance between the first body and the second body in a non-contact manner whereby abnormal variations can be quickly observed and properly coped, and a second distance of the working passage can be in a normal state. Accordingly, the yield rate of the thread-rolling apparatus can be efficiently increased.

Abstract: This invention provides a composite material that is durable in a hot environment and easily produced. The composite material according to the invention has an overlaid part comprising high-melting-point metal in at least a part on the surface of a low-melting-point alloy member having a melting point of 1600° C. or lower. The overlaid part comprising high-melting-point metal comprises high-melting-point metal particles comprising high-melting-point metal elements having a melting point of 2400° C. or higher scattered therein, and 40% or more of the high-melting-point metal particles has a roundness of 0.7 or higher. The low-melting-point alloy member comprises one type of a low-melting-point alloy selected from among a Fe-based alloy, a Ni-based alloy, a Co-based alloy, a Ti-based alloy, a Cr-based alloy, and a high-entropy alloy and the high-melting-point metal particles comprise at least one type of high-melting-point metal element selected from among W, Ta, Mo, and Nb.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a class of chiral metal nanomaterials having controllable imbalanced chiral facets on their surfaces and preparation method thereof. Also provided is a method of preparing a chiral hybrid nanomaterial comprising chiral metal core with imbalanced chiral facets and semiconductor shell. Advantageously, the present chiral metal nanomaterials may be useful in the design and fabrication of other functional materials and devices with tailored chirality.

Abstract: Methods for selectively entrapping particles are disclosed. In some embodiments. a method for selectively entrapping particles includes providing a substrate at least partially submerged in a solution including a solute and solvent, where particles are dispersed in the solution. An interfacial layer may be formed on a surface of the substrate from the solute, for example spontaneously. The solute may be a polymer binder. The particles may then be entrapped in the interfacial layer. Thus, the particles may be dispersed in the solution and entrapped out of the solution. Entrapping may include applying a balance of viscous force and centrifugal force to the particles.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an electronic component, the method including: a first step of applying a metal paste containing metal particles onto a polymer compact in a prescribed pattern to form a metal paste layer; a second step of sintering the metal particles to form metal wiring; a third step of applying a solder paste containing solder particles and a resin component onto the metal wiring to form a solder paste layer; a fourth step of disposing an electronic element on the solder paste layer; and a fifth step of heating the solder paste layer so as to form a solder layer bonding the metal wiring and the electronic element, and so as to form a resin layer covering at least a portion of the solder layer.

Abstract: There are provided reactive metal powder atomization manufacturing processes. For example, such processes include providing a heated metal source and contact the heated metal source with at least one additive gas while carrying out the atomization process. Such processes provide raw reactive metal powder having improved flowability. The at least one additive gas can be mixed together with an atomization gas to obtain an atomization mixture, and the heated metal source can be contacted with the atomization mixture while carrying out the atomization process. Reactive metal powder spheroidization manufacturing processes are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a tungsten metal powder having a specific BET surface area of greater than 8 m2/g and to a tungsten metal powder that can be obtained by this method.

Abstract: A SDFAM method includes forming a patterned layer of metallic paste on a build structure. The metallic paste has a solvent and a binder. The method also includes removing the solvent and the binder from the metallic paste to generate a patterned layer of metallic powder. The SDFAM method also includes applying thermal energy to the patterned layer of metallic powder to fuse the patterned layer of metallic powder into a patterned layer of solid metallic build material, and repeating the forming, the removing, and the applying to form a plurality of patterned layers of solid metallic build material to create an object.

Abstract: A method and system of 3D cold-spray printing to produce an object by adhering powder grains to a substrate. The powder grains are ionized by injecting the powder grains into an ionizing mechanism to produce ionized powder grains. Next, the ionized powder grains are focused into a stream using an electromagnetic lens, wherein the stream has a thickness approaching the average diameter of the powder grain. The stream is directed at a substrate such that powder grains are deposited on and adhered to the substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi modular ring mode fiber optic configuration, laser powder bed fusion, and fine process control during an additive manufacturing (AM) process. A multi-mode ring laser beam with a first power distributed in a first beam is generated, as a spot beam or a first ring beam, and a second power distributed in a second ring beam surrounding the first beam. The multi-mode ring laser beam is applied to one or more materials to transform the material(s) into an AM build piece. An AM method includes depositing a powder first material in a powder bed, exposing the powder first material to a second material, wherein an absorption coefficient of the second material is higher than an absorption coefficient of the first material at the wavelength, and applying a laser beam with a wavelength to the powder first material and the second material to generate a composite material.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus for metal additive manufactured products supplies material of the metal additive manufactured products to a processing region, performs irradiation with a heat source that melts the supplied material, ejects a shielding gas to the processing region, and measures a temperature at a measurement point in the processing region. When the temperature at the measurement point during processing reaches a temperature set on the basis of an oxidation temperature of the material, a control device performs at least one of control of stopping the output of the heat source, control of reducing the output, or control of reducing the speed of movement or stopping the movement of the heat source moving in the processing region.

Abstract: A cutting tool, including: a base; and a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating includes a first layer, the first layer is composed of an alternate layer in which a first unit layer and a second unit layer are alternately stacked, the first unit layer has a hexagonal crystal structure, the first unit layer is composed of W(C1-aNa)x, a represents 0.3 or more and 0.8 or less, x represents 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, the second unit layer is composed of AlcCr1-cN, and c represents 0.40 or more and 0.80 or less.

Abstract: A cutting tool, including: a base; and a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating includes a first layer, the first layer is composed of an alternate layer in which a first unit layer and a second unit layer are alternately stacked, the first unit layer has a hexagonal crystal structure, the first unit layer is composed of W(C1-aNa)x, a represents 0.3 or more and 0.8 or less, x represents 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, the second unit layer is composed of AlcTi1-cN, and c represents 0.30 or more and 0.75 or less.

Abstract: A cutting tool, including: a base; and a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating includes a first layer, the first layer is composed of an alternate layer in which a first unit layer and a second unit layer are alternately stacked, the first unit layer has a hexagonal crystal structure, the first unit layer is composed of W(C1-aNa)x, a represents 0.3 or more and 0.8 or less, x represents 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, the second unit layer is composed of TicSi1-cN, and c represents 0.80 or more and 0.99 or less.

Abstract: A cutting tool, including: a base; and a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating includes a first layer composed of hexagonal W(C1-aNa)x, a represents 0.3 or more and 0.8 or less, and x represents 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool having a substrate and a coating is provided. The coating includes a nano-multilayer of alternating nanolayers of a first nanolayer type being Ti1-xAlxN, 0.35?x<0.67, a second nanolayer type being Ti1-ySiyN, 0.10?y?0.25, and a third nanolayer type being Ti1-zAlzN, 0.70?z?0.90. The nano-multilayer has a thickness from about 0.5 to about 10 ?m. The average nanolayer thickness of each of the nanolayer types Ti1-xAlxN (9), Ti1-ySiyN, and Ti1-zAlzN in the nano-multilayer being from 1 to 30 nm.

Abstract: A holder has a square column shape extending from a first end toward a second end. The holder includes a pocket located on a side of the first end, and a first side surface and a second side surface each extending from the first end toward the second end. The second side surface includes a first region that is flat and that is located on the side of the first end, a second region that is flat and that is located closer to the second end than the first region and closer to the first side surface than the first region, and a step connecting the first region and the second region. The step has a convex curve shape toward the second end in a cross section parallel to the first region.

Abstract: A two-dimensional array of discrete dielectric template structures is formed over a substrate. A first dielectric spacer matrix may be formed in lower portions of the trenches between the discrete dielectric template structures. A second dielectric spacer matrix layer may be formed in upper portions of the trenches. A pair of a source cavity and a drain cavity may be formed within a volume of each of the discrete dielectric template structures. A source electrode and a drain electrode may be formed in each source cavity and each drain cavity, respectively. The gate electrodes may be formed prior to, or after, formation of the two-dimensional array of discrete dielectric template structures to provide a two-dimensional array of field effect transistors that may be connected to, or may contain, memory elements.

Abstract: A hole saw with various teeth sets and/or sizes that overhang a sidewall is provided. In some embodiments, a large tooth overhangs an inner diameter of the sidewall to create a larger kerf than the sidewall's thickness. Similarly, a tooth set or variations in the circumferential directions of the teeth increase the kerf in a work-piece, either inward or outward. In various embodiments, one or both an enlarged tooth overhang and/or a set of the teeth increases the kerf of the hole saw relative to the sidewall thickness. This results in improved wear resistance, decreased heat on the teeth while cutting, and facilitates slug removal.

Abstract: The drill includes a main blade having a wicking amount, a thinning blade, a thinning back portion, and an oil hole. The thinning bottom is along the first radius. The thinning back portion is along the second radius. The pair of thinning bottoms includes a thinning separation amount. (1) The first radius for the wicking amount ranges from 0.5×f to 1.2×f, and f represents the wicking amount. (2) The second radius ranges from 5.5 mm to 7.5 mm. (3) The thinning separation amount ranges from 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm. (4) The thinning-oil hole distance ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm (5) The thinning range from the first thinning end to the second thinning end is in the range from (D/2?1.5 mm) to (D/2?0.2 mm) with respect to the diameter, and D represents the diameter.