Abstract: A pre-filled syringe includes a barrel with a medicament and a stopper within the barrel. The stopper has at least two adjacent sealing rings and a trim ring. The syringe has a head space distance between a distal-most surface of the stopper and the surface of the medicament. The head space (a) provides sufficient space to optimize reconstituting a drug suspension by shaking or agitating the drug suspension, and (b) minimizes frothing and/or clogging of the reconstituted drug suspension in the barrel. Also, a kit includes the syringe, a plunger, a syringe cap, and a needle assembly. Further, a method for stoppering the syringe includes determining the head space distance.

Abstract: A method for controlling a sensor of a drug delivery device or of a drug delivery add-on device is disclosed, wherein the sensor comprises a light emitter and a phototransistor as light receiver, and wherein the method comprises generating a first drive signal for the light emitter and a second drive signal for the phototransistor, wherein the second drive signal is generated to bias the phototransistor if the first drive signal is generated to switch off the light emitter, and the second drive signal is generated to acquire an output signal of the phototransistor if the first drive signal generated to switch on the light emitter.

Abstract: One or more image capture devices may capture, over a period of time, a plurality of images of an environment surrounding the one or more image capture devices. One or more processors may determine, based on the plurality of images, a location of a plunger of a syringe relative to a barrel of the syringe in the environment over the period of time; determine, based on the location of the plunger of the syringe relative to the barrel of the syringe over the period of time, at least one fluid delivery from the syringe; and update, based on the at least one determined fluid delivery, a database including fluid deliveries associated with the environment.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical sensor of a drug delivery device or of a drug delivery add-on device is disclosed, wherein the drug delivery device comprises a movable dosage programming component and the optical sensor is provided and configured to detect movement of the movable dosage programming component relative to the sensor arrangement during dosing of a drug by generating measurement light pulses and detecting reflections of the measurement light pulses from the movable dosage programming component, and wherein the method comprises configuring the optical sensor to generate the measurement light pulses with at least one predefined pulse rate and to generate at least one priming light pulse before one or more measurement light pulses, wherein the at least one priming light pulse is generated with one of the at least one predefined pulse rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic system (100) for a drug delivery device (1), in which a first member (20) performs a specific movement relative to a second member (11) during a dosing operation. The electronic system (100) comprises a sensor arrangement (120), which is operable to provide sensor data describing the specific movement and is configured to operate the sensor arrangement (120) during at least one part of the dosing operation to provide sensor data. In order to protect the users from relying on incorrectly measured dose sizes and a need to reduce the risk that an injection is painful for the patient, the electronic system (100) is configured to determine, based on the sensor data, if a speed of the specific movement during the at least one part of the dosing operation breaches a first speed threshold.

Abstract: Electronic system for a medical device, medical device with such an electronic system, external device for communicating with the electronic system, method for exchanging data between the medical device and the external device and corresponding machine-readable code and data storage media comprising such code. Proposed is an electronic system for a medical device and for recording medical data, comprising an electronic control unit configured to transmit the medical data to an external device and/or store the medical data, wherein the electronic control unit (12) is configured to calculate a data integrity value (C) based on the medical data (B) and at least one additional data (A) not included in the medical data and wherein the electronic control unit is configured to, in correlation with the medical data, transmit the data integrity value to the external device and/or store the data integrity value.

Abstract: Measurement system for a drug delivery device, drug delivery device with such a measurement system and method for measuring the dose dispensed and/or dose set of a drug delivery device. Proposed is a measurement system for a drug delivery device, a drug delivery device comprising such a system and a related method, the measurement system comprising—a dose control member configured to move in accordance with a dose dispense operation and/or a dose set operation, e.g.

Abstract: A method for checking a sensor of a drug delivery device or of a drug delivery add-on device is disclosed, wherein the sensor is provided and configured to detect expelling of a drug dose being delivered with the drug delivery device and to output a respective sensor signal, and wherein the method comprises taking readings of the sensor signal in addition to readings taken for calculating the dose delivered with the drug delivery device, and processing the additionally taken readings for determining at least one condition of the sensor.

Abstract: Drug delivery devices and related arrangements are disclosed. A drug delivery device may include a housing having an opening, a drug storage container including a delivery member with an insertion end configured to extend at least partially through the opening, and a plunger. A drive mechanism may be included for driving the plunger in a distal direction to expel a drug from the drug storage container through the delivery member upon activation. The drug delivery device may additionally include a guard moveably disposed adjacent to the opening and operably coupled to the drive mechanism for activation of the drive mechanism. A lock may be selectively engageable with the guard to limit movement of the guard in the proximal direction. An indicator may be coupled to the drive mechanism to generate an audible signal during drug delivery, and to cease generating the audible signal when drug delivery is complete.

Abstract: An injection device for setting and injecting of a dose of a medicament includes: an acoustic feedback arrangement comprising: a first feedback element having a first engaging section and having a free end section located at a predetermined distance from the first engaging section, a second feedback element having a second engaging section configured to engage with the first engaging section, wherein the first feedback element is movable, pivotable or resiliently deformable along a first direction (d1) relative to the second feedback element from an initial state (i) towards a biased state (b), and a sound generator formed by the first engaging section or audibly engageable with the free end section of the first feedback element.

Abstract: A medicinal solution administration device includes: a casing; a syringe including a cylinder that is housed in the casing and filled with a medicinal solution, and a puncture needle; a needle cover disposed inside the casing and covering a distal side of the syringe, and configured to be displaced in a proximal direction relative to the casing when pressed against a puncture target; a cap that is detachably disposed on a distal end of the needle cover; and a drive unit configured to bias a gasket of the syringe toward a distal end of the casing by a plunger along with movement of the needle cover in the proximal direction. The drive unit includes a locking mechanism that blocks the plunger from moving in a distal direction in an initial state and allows the plunger to move in the distal direction in the proximal direction.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a component for a drug delivery device which is configured to be connected to an arrangement of the drug delivery device and which includes a functional element. At least when the component is connected to the arrangement, a transition region is formed between facing surfaces of elements of the drug delivery device, wherein at least one of these elements is an element of the component. The transition region reaches from the exterior of the component to the interior of the component and is designed such that the risk of fluid reaching from the exterior into the interior of the component via the transition region is reduced in order to protect the functional element.

Abstract: The application describes lock mechanisms for medicament delivery devices. The lock mechanisms extend from a proximal end to a distal end in an axial direction relative to a longitudinal axis, the lock mechanisms can have a housing, a medicament delivery member guard and a cap. The lock mechanisms can also include a protrusion extending in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis and a recess or cut-out. Various related medicament delivery devices, medicament delivery device components, sub-assemblies and methods are also described.

Abstract: Described is an autoinjector comprising a case, a chassis slidably arranged in the case, a syringe carrier operably coupled to the chassis, an outer plunger selectively engaged to the chassis, an inner plunger selectively engaged to the outer plunger, and a drive spring applying a biasing force to the outer plunger. The biasing force is applied to the inner plunger when the inner plunger is engaged to the outer plunger. Rotation of the chassis causes the inner plunger to rotate relative to the outer plunger and disengage the outer plunger to remove the biasing force from the drive spring on the inner plunger. When the inner plunger disengages the outer plunger, the biasing force of the drive spring pushes the chassis to retract the syringe carrier relative to the case.

Abstract: Imaging systems and methods for integrated vascular access device indwell assessment and data integration are provided. Such imaging systems and methods can be used to better assess and monitor the status of an indwelling integrated vascular access device and the overall viability of the vascular access in the acute care and alternate site setting and to reduce the patient complications and experience, clinician burden, and overall effectiveness of the patient's treatment and care. Such imaging systems and methods can also facilitate the use of imaging devices, such as ultrasound devices, to assess the current state of an indwelling vascular access device and compare it to a prior state or established clinical standard. This may facilitate predictive detection, identification, and/or diagnosis of an emerging risk of a catheter related complication or detection of an actual complication intermittently and consistently.

Abstract: A package may contain a medical device. One or more image capture devices may capture, over a period of time, a plurality of images of an environment surrounding the one or more image capture devices. One or more processors may determine, based on the plurality of images, a state of the package over the period of time; determine, based on the state of the package over the period of time, whether the medical device is removed from the package; and update, based on a determination that the medical device is removed from the package, a database including medical devices in the environment.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device includes an electrical power supply, a cavity structure configured to receive an aerosol-generating article, and a plurality of semiconductor heaters within the cavity structure. Each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters includes a substrate layer and a heating layer on the substrate layer. The heating layer is a continuous layer. The aerosol-generating device includes a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply to each of the plurality of semiconductor heaters.

Abstract: Various spirometer-inhaler systems and devices are disclosed. The spirometer-inhaler system may estimate physiological parameters of a user based on the user's inhaled and/or exhaled breaths received by the spirometer-inhaler device. The spirometer-inhaler device may comprise one or more flow paths. A first flow path may direct medication from a medicine canister to an opening of the device. A second flow path may direct a user's exhaled breath from the opening of the device to one or more flow measurement devices.

Abstract: The introduction of electronics into a drug delivery device may introduce certain technical challenges, such as durability, electro-mechanical integration, and drug delivery performance. The present disclosure provides solutions for inclusion of an electronics module with an inhaler. For example, heat stakes may be used to secure a printed circuit board (PCB) to an electronics module's housing. Also for example, a slider may be used to transfer vertical movement of an inhaler's yoke to an electronics module's switch. Also for example, certain seals may be used when interfacing the electronics module to other portions of the device's housing to achieve a desired performance.

Abstract: A manifold for a medicament delivery device configured to deliver discrete doses of medicament contained in a plurality of individual compartments spaced along a carrier strip and sealed by a sealing layer to form a medicament carrier, the manifold comprising: at least one opening mechanism comprising a release member arranged to engage between the carrier strip and the sealing layer of a medicament carrier so as to separate the sealing layer from the carrier strip and thereby open a compartment of the medicament carrier as it is advanced into an entrainment position; wherein the release member includes a surface configured to cover the opened compartment when in the entrainment position so as substantially to contain the medicament dose of the opened compartment.

Abstract: An ARI Smart Respiratory Inhaler with Integrated Spacer (herein referred to as a ‘smart inhaler’) is disclosed. The smart inhaler is an internet of things (IoT) inhaler that delivers medication and measures lung conditions—including partial pressure; nitric oxide; oxygen; peak flow; and forced expiratory volume. Data is collected and transmitted to a mobile app and web portal that allows patients and health care providers to track and view respiratory status in real time. Other aspects include software and a cloud network with algorithms that can predict and alert stakeholders to any trends or problems before they have a chance to manifest. The smart inhaler also leverages block chain technology to keep stakeholders informed of treatment and health status in real time. An object of the invention is to help patients maintain their medication regimen and provide health care workers with said patient's respiratory status quickly.

Abstract: Devices, methods and a system for detection and analysis of inhaler use, in particular breath detection modules and inhaler device counters. An electronic inhaler counter device (100) comprises a rocker arm (102) comprising a proximal end (110) providing a pivot (104) and a distal end (112) providing a head (114), a return spring (108) coupled to the rocker arm pivot, and a count switch (106), wherein, in response to a first selected degree of linear actuation motion, the rocker arm is arranged to perform a first rocker movement and engage the count switch with the rocker head; and in response to further linear actuation motion, the spring is engaged to enable the rocker arm to perform a second rocker movement, such to facilitate over travel.

Abstract: A valved holding chamber includes a holding chamber adapted to contain a substance and having an input end adapted to receive a dry powder inhaler, an output end and an interior volume defined between the input end and output end. An inhalation valve is disposed at the output end of the holding chamber and is moveable to an open position in response to an inhalation flow through the interior space. A vacuum generator, expandable volume and/or positive pressure may be used to draw medication from the dry powder inhaler into the holding chamber. Methods of using and assembling the system are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an aerosol delivery device including a shell that is divided into a first half and a second half along a longitudinal axis thereof. One or more batteries may be positioned within the shell along with a battery lead that provides an electrical connection to battery terminals. A base unit may be included and may have electrical contacts for matching with a battery terminal and the battery lead. The base unit can include one or both of a printed circuit board (PCB) and a pressure sensor. The shell can attach to a cartridge housing a reservoir for an aerosol-forming composition, a heater; a liquid transport element configured for transport of the aerosol forming composition between the reservoir and the heater; and heater terminals. Such construct can provide for simplified assembly of the device.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a cartridge configured to house a pre-vapor formulation for an e-vaping device, the cartridge including an inner portion and an outer portion configured to store the pre-vapor formulation. The outer portion includes a plurality of fibers configured to be mobile and/or configured to be substantially free of entanglement with one another. The fibers are configured to be substantially free of entanglement with one another based on the lengths of the plurality of fibers. For example, the lengths of the plurality of fibers may be in a range of about 3 mm to about 7 mm. The lengths may also be about 5 mm.

Abstract: A dynamic output power management unit for a heating circuit of an electronic smoking device includes a heating element connected to a power source via a first switching element. The unit has at least one voltage detection device to detect voltage values at various points of the heating circuit. A controller is configured to derive a resistance of the heating element, and estimate a discharge time or a power consumption value of the power source such that an energy converted in a period of time is substantially identical to a predetermined energy conversion value for a same period of time.

Abstract: Several methods of supporting respiratory function of a patient before, during and/or after a medical procedure are disclosed. In certain arrangements, supporting respiratory function while a patient is under general anaesthesia can include providing a high gas flow a high gas flow that is greater than 15 L/min while the patient is under general anaesthesia.

Abstract: Technologies (e.g., devices, systems and methods) for sanitizing positive airway pressure (PAP) systems are described. In some embodiments, the technologies include a PAP delivery system comprising a hose and a PAP mask, a positive pressure supply system configured to generate a flow of pressurized air which is delivered to a user through the hose to the PAP mask of the PAP delivery system, a sanitizing system configured to sanitize one or more components of the self-sanitizing PAP system, and a PAP base unit housing, wherein one or more components of the positive pressure supply system and the sanitizing system are disposed at least partially within the PAP base unit housing.

Abstract: A method of controlling a positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy device involves iteratively performing the actions of receiving at least one biosensor data from at least one biosensor system from a subject utilizing a PAP therapy device during a therapy session. The method receives air pressure reading from a pressure sensor of the PAP therapy device. The method converts the at least one biosensor data into sliding window time-series data. The method packages the sliding window time-series data and air pressure reading into a training set for a classification model to identify sleep quality biomarkers. The method generates an air pressure control through operation of a heuristic model configured by the sleep quality biomarkers. The method adjusts positive airway pressure generated by a blower motor. The method assigns a sleep quality score to the therapy session upon detecting the conclusion of the therapy session and retrains the heuristic model.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods for determining or administering a therapy to a patient. Devices and methods described herein are configured in different embodiments to carry out different types of treatments in different healthcare settings. In some embodiments, the devices and methods described herein use advanced analytics to administer a therapy to a patient.

Abstract: A low-noise breathing mask includes an elastic liner, a mask body, and a noise reduction component. The noise reduction component includes a ventilation opening and a muffler. The ventilation opening is provided on the mask body and communicates with a third opening. The muffler is connected to the mask body and covers the ventilation opening. The muffler has a first surface facing the external environment and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first surface has a first breathable area exposed to the external environment, and the second surface has a second breathable area exposed to the cavity. The muffler also has multiple breathable channels that communicate with the first and the second breathable area, allowing gas in the cavity to be discharged to the external environment through the muffler. The multiple breathable channels in the muffler can render the gas flow smaller and less turbulent.

Abstract: A sensor-based system for monitoring a person's breathing automatedly detects respiratory distress, and automatedly adjusts oxygen delivery to mitigate the distress. The system preferably uses non-invasive touchless sensors, such as a camera/imagine device or microphone, or low-touch sensors, such as a wearable pulse oximeter, heart rate sensor or respiration rate sensor configured with low-tack adhesive or straps. The wearable sensors may transmit data wirelessly without associated cables that could damage the person's skin. A non-invasive oxygen delivery system includes a control module operable to control a flow of oxygen from an oxygen source via the oxygen delivery appliance (wearable nasal cannula/mask) as a function of data gathered by the sensors, e.g., to increase a concentration, flow rate or pressure of oxygen delivered to the person when the person is determined to be in respiratory distress, until the distress abates, at which time oxygen delivery may be further adjusted.

Abstract: A face mask includes a main body and a soft cover. The main body is made of a rigid plastic material, and includes a peripheral edge that has a bottom section, a top section that is opposite to the bottom section and that is curved, and two side sections. The soft cover is made of a flexible plastic material, and is fixed to the peripheral edge of the main body. The soft cover has a lower section fixed to the bottom section of the peripheral edge, a nose section opposite to the lower section, and two side sections respectively corresponding to the side sections of the peripheral edge. The nose section has a first deformation region, and a second deformation region connected to the first deformation region, protruding relative to the side sections of the soft cover, and sealingly connected to the top section of the peripheral edge.

Abstract: A device for delivering gas includes a frame, a gas delivery hose, and a noise reduction component. The gas delivery hose is detachably connectable to the frame. The noise reduction component includes a ventilation port and a muffler. The ventilation port is provided in communication with the cavity of the frame, and the muffler is connected to the frame and covers the ventilation port. The muffler has a first surface having a first breathable area exposed to the external environment, and a second surface having a second breathable area exposed to the cavity. The muffler also has multiple breathable channels connecting the first breathable area and the second breathable area, allowing gas in the cavity to be discharged from the muffler to the external environment. The multiple breathable channels in the muffler can disperse the gas flow, making it less turbulent and reducing the noise generated.

Abstract: A breathing mask includes a rigid member, an elastic member, and a foam member. The rigid member has an interface on the side away from the user's face for accessing the breathing gas of the continuous positive airway pressure device, and a flared joint on the side adjacent to the user's face. The elastic member is in communication with the inner cavity of the rigid member and is fixedly connected to the flared joint. The side of the elastic piece adjacent to the user's face at least partially abuts the user's nasal bridge area to form an elastic body part, and a support part connected to the elastic body part is provided on the side of the elastic member adjacent to the user's face. The foam member is fixed to the support part and, together with the elastic member, forms a sealing surface for fitting the user's face.

Abstract: An oral and nasal sealing interface pad including a rigid part and a lining pad. The rigid part has a circular opening on one side and a joint part on the other side; the lining pad is fixedly connected to the joint part and is located below the user's nose. The lining pad includes a nasal area corresponding to and abutting the user's nasal tip and a mouth area corresponding to and surrounding the user's mouth. The space enclosed by the nasal area is connected to the space enclosed by the mouth area, together forming an integrated respiratory chamber. The nasal area includes a nasal tip area and an alar area. The nasal tip area has at least one thin area for accommodating the user's nasal tip, and the nasal tip area is equipped with a first wing for abutting against the user's columella.

Abstract: A vent assembly for a respiratory therapy system configured in use to convey a vent flow of gases exhaled by a patient from a first volume interior to the respiratory therapy system to ambient. The vent assembly comprises a vent base, a flexible membrane and a vent cap. The membrane being mounted to the vent base and spanning across a vent base aperture. The vent cap is also mounted to the vent base and is located downstream of the membrane relative to the vent flow. The vent cap being positioned in the path of the vent flow through a membrane aperture. In use, the pressure of gas in the first volume acts on the membrane causing the membrane to flex thereby varying a position of the membrane relative to the vent cap in order to control the vent flow.

Abstract: A seal-forming structure for a patient interface may include a patient-contacting surface configured to engage the patient's facial skin to form a seal; a posterior opening formed in the patient-contacting surface, the posterior opening configured to provide the flow of air at said therapeutic pressure to the patient's nares; and a support structure extending from the patient contacting surface to an interior surface of the seal-forming structure, the support structure and the interior surface forming a continuous loop, wherein the patient interface is configured to allow the patient to breath from ambient through their mouth in the absence of a flow of pressurised air through the plenum chamber inlet port, or the patient interface is configured to leave the patient's mouth uncovered.

Abstract: A nose vent plug, and a nasal mask for anesthesia. The nose vent plug comprises a base (1) and two nasal plugs (2) symmetrically provided on the base (1); the inner edges of the two nasal plugs (2) form a gap (3) into which a nasal septum is embedded; each nasal plug (2) comprises an insertion portion (4) and a pressing portion (5); the outer diameter of the pressing portion (5) is larger than that of the insertion portion (4); the bottom end of the pressing portion (5) is integrally formed on the base (1); the insertion portion (4) is integrally formed on the top of the pressing portion (5); an air hole (6) passing through the pressing portion (5) and the base (1) is provided in the insertion portion (4).

Abstract: A headgear for a respiratory mask has first and second straps configured to be connected to each other by first and second buckles. The straps are configured to overlap in a region that contacts the rear of a user's head. The overlapping regions of the first and second straps can be positioned in a bifurcated configuration to improve stability on a user's head. The first and second buckles can feature a glider end through which one of the first and second straps can slide and a strap attachment end to which the other strap is permanently connected. In some embodiments, the first and second buckles have two components that are pivotally connected to allow adjustment of the headgear size whilst in a bifurcated configuration.

Abstract: Respiratory patient interface (e.g., mask) structures may be modified to include acoustical feature(s) (AF) to provide differences in structure that can produce, when acoustically sensed, a unique acoustic signature for identification of a particular model mask and thereby differentiate it from other model masks. The added AF may be generally similar across different models of patient interface but have detectable differences between the models. However, the added AF of a particular model are typically substantially the same for all masks of that particular model. Such AF may, for example, be a change in material composition of a section or part of a flow path of the patient interface, a change in a dimension, such as a length, of a section or part of a flow path of the patient interface, and/or an expansion and/or contraction of a section (e.g., diameter) or part of a flow path of patient interface.

Abstract: Connectors for respiratory assistance systems are disclosed. The connectors include an inspiratory conduit port, an expiratory conduit port, a first interface port, a second interface port, and a body or body portion formed between the inspiratory conduit port, the expiratory conduit port and the first and second interface ports, the body or body portion defining an interior cavity that fluidly couples, at least in part, the inspiratory conduit port and the expiratory conduit port to the first and second interface ports. The first and second interface ports are each fluidly couplable to a patient interface. Preferably, the first interface port is adapted to be coupled to an adult patient interface and the second interface port is adapted to be coupled to a pediatric or neonatal patient interface.

Abstract: A method and a ventilator for treating alcohol intoxication based on gas mixing ratio gas supply. The method includes: step (1): mixing oxygen and carbon dioxide gas to generate a target mixed gas, and mixing the target gas based on a preset breathing device so that the gas is delivered to the subject; step (2): monitoring the alcohol concentration in the subject in real time, and at the same time, monitor the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the respiratory rate in the subject; step (3): stabilizing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the respiratory rate in the subject on the basis of the test, when the alcohol concentration in the subject's body meets the safe range, the control preset breathing device stops working. Use different proportions of carbon dioxide CO2 and oxygen O2 to mix the air supply.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treatment that permit a reduction of risk of mortality in infants who are candidates for treatment with inhaled nitric oxide, by identifying a subset of such infants who are at an increased risk of mortality upon treatment with inhaled nitric oxide; also disclosed are related systems for use in administering inhaled nitric oxide and methods of distributing a pharmaceutical product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anesthetic evaporator, including a housing, a drug reservoir, and a cover movably connected to the housing. The drug reservoir is provided with a drug adding barrel arranged corresponding to the cover, and further includes a mechanical pressure relief assembly and a linkage mechanism. The mechanical pressure relief assembly is connected to the drug reservoir. The mechanical pressure relief assembly has a first state in which the pressure within the drug reservoir is maintained and a second state in which the pressure within the drug reservoir is released. When adding a drug, the operation action on the anesthetic evaporator drives the linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism drives the mechanical pressure relief assembly to switch same from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: A method is directed to controlling a sleep environment and includes providing a control system that is communicatively coupled to one or more sleep contributors. The control system is configured to adjust the one or more sleep contributors and monitor, via one or more sensors, a physical condition of the user that is indicative of a sleep state of the user. A change is detected in the physical condition that indicates onset of an initial sleep state of the user, in response to which at least one sleep contributor is automatically adjusted to begin inducing a deeper sleep state for the user. The inducing guides the user from the initial sleep state to a subsequent sleep state, without user conscious effort, the subsequent sleep state being associated with a deeper sleep for the user than the initial sleep state.

Abstract: A control device for assisting a multi-phase breathing exercise of a passenger of a vehicle is provided. The control device is configured to control an illustration device to illustrate instruction steps of the multi-phase breathing exercise to the passenger, —monitor breathing actions and/or states of the passenger while the instructions are being illustrated, evaluate a correlation of the monitored breathing actions and/or states to the illustrated instruction steps, and provide a feedback to the passenger based on the evaluated correlation.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments for catheters and catheter liners including grooves on the inner surface of the liner. The grooves may improve the flexibility of the catheter while retaining a good stiffness profile. Also disclosed are methods for introducing the grooves on the inner surface of the liner.

Abstract: Disclosed are intravascular devices for accommodating large-bore catheters while maintaining good flexibility of the device. The intravascular device includes a plurality of hypotubes arranged in a nested configuration. The intravascular device provides a relatively large overall size while minimizing increases in lateral bending stiffness.

Abstract: A catheter includes a shaft, a first wire wound in a spiral shape around an axis of the shaft, and a second wire wound around the shaft in a direction opposite to that of the first wire in a first portion, and wound around the shaft in a direction identical to that of the first wire in a second portion. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a braided structure and the like having flexibility that differs depending on the area in an axial direction.