Abstract: A calender stack including at least two rollers between which a nip can be formed. The ends of the rollers are supported in rotary fashion in bearings and one of the rollers is stationary and at least one other roller is embodied as an advancing roller and has a first adjusting system by which it is possible to move the bearings of the advancing roller, thus changing the nip. The advancing roller has a respective adjusting system on each of its two bearings and associated with each first adjusting system, a second adjusting system is provided, by which it is possible to adjust an axial offset of the advancing roller relative to the stationary roller.

Abstract: Provided herein are a culture apparatus, culture systems and an alternating ionic magnetic resonance electromagnetic chamber for culturing cells, tissues or organoid bodies or for delivering a pulsating alternating ionic magnetic resonance field to an object of interest including the above or to an animal, human or plant. The culture apparatus comprises a culture unit having growth and nutrient modules and a randomizing adapter to continually randomize the gravity vector in the growth module. The culture systems further comprise the alternating ionic magnetic resonance electromagnetic chamber.

Abstract: A roller frame including at least two rollers mounted in a housing between which a nip can be formed. The ends of the rollers are supported in rotary fashion in bearings and at least one of the rollers is embodied as an advancing roller and has an adjusting system by which it is possible to move the bearings of the advancing roller, thus changing the nip. The adjusting system has a rack and a pinion whose teeth engage with those of the rack and can be driven to rotate by a motor. It is possible to change the distance between the pinion and the rack by changing the tooth engagement depth between them.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for dehydration of veneer sheet having therein a knot are disclosed. Veneer dehydration apparatus includes a first stationary single dehydrating roller and a plurality of second movable sectional dehydrating rollers, which rollers are disposed one above the other so that a nip through which a veneer sheet for dehydration is moved is formed between the first and second rollers. A stop device determines the initial position of each second roller relative to the first roller where a predetermined spaced distance is formed between the first and the second rollers. An urging device yieldably urges each second roller to the initial position. The second roller is movable away from the initial position against the urging force of the urging device independently of the other second rollers by a knot present in the veneer sheet and just moving through the nip between the second roller and the first roller.

Abstract: A stationery machine is used to cut various patterns on a paper and contains a housing for covering a machine body; the machine body including a frame with a first side plate and a second side plate, the first side plate and the second side plate having a first elongated slot and a second elongated slot on two lower sides thereof; a first pressing roller having a first rotary shaft driven by a crank set and at least two transmission gears in different sizes; a second pressing roller having a second rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft of the second pressing roller having a driven gear; an abutting mechanism biasing the second pressing roller to move upwardly and downwardly so as to adjust a distance between the second pressing roller and the first pressing roller, and the driven gear meshing with the at least two transmission gears.

Abstract: A leveling machine for rolled-up tablets has a base, a mounting frame and a wheel-leveling device. The base has two sideboards faced each other and each sideboard has a spindle hole. The mounting frame is rotatably mounted in the base between the sideboards and has a spindle, an adjusting motor, two mounting boards and a bottom cylinder. The spindle is rotatably mounted in the spindle holes of the sideboards. The adjusting motor is mounted securely on the corresponding sideboard to drive the spindle. The mounting boards are respectively, obliquely and securely mounted around the spindle near the sideboards. The bottom cylinder is rotatably mounted around the spindle between the mounting boards. The wheel-leveling device is connected to the mounting frame and has two top cylinder mounts, a cylinder, a top cylinder, two pushing mounts and two telescopic drivers.

Abstract: A support arrangement (10) of a roll of a fibrous-web machine, has a first frame part (12) in which the roll (20) of the fibrous-web machine is supportable from its end when in use and a second frame part (22) in which the first frame part (12) is fastened by means of an elastic fastening. The arrangement has a motion direction control arrangement (34) for controlling the direction of the motion allowed by the elastic fastening in a way determined by the direction control arrangement (34).

Abstract: A wringing device is used to expel fluids from a flexible container contained within an intermediate bulk container (IBC). The wringing device includes a support frame and a carriage movably coupled to the support frame for supporting components thereof. The wringing device includes a nip shaft coupled to the carriage, and a movable nip shaft movably coupled to the carriage proximate to the nip shaft. The movable nip shaft may be biased toward the nip shaft with a biasing device. The wringing device may include one or more drive devices for driving a take-up shaft and the carriage. The wringing device may also include a transport vehicle for transporting the wringing device between different intermediate bulk containers.

Abstract: A compacting press for powdery to granular bulk materials, comprising two counterrotating rollers (1,2), arranged in one plane, which rollers (1,2) are held in a roller housing (11). At least one of the two rollers (1,2), preferably the top roller (1), is a loose roller which is flexibly supported by force generators (16,17). Each roller (1,2) at each of its two sides (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) comprises its own electric motor drives (18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b). The loose roller (1) bears these drives (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b). For easy installation and deinstallation, the roller housing (11) with a vertical design comprises two separate parts (11a, 11b), namely a bottom part (11b) comprising one roller (2) and a top part (11a) with the loose roller (1), wherein said top part (11a) is held by a swivel bearing (13) to the bottom part (11b) and is lockable. In this arrangement, the top part (11a) can be swiveled open by way of the swivel bearing (13).

Abstract: A multi-roll calender (1) has one or several sets of rolls (2) attached to a frame (7) so that each set of rolls has at least three rolls. At least the first roll (3; 31) and the last roll (3; 32) have casings which can be moved toward the intermediate rolls (4). The first roll (3; 31) and the last roll (3; 32) are fixedly attached, at least one of the intermediate rolls (4) in the set of rolls is fixedly attached, and the other intermediate rolls are provided with lightening elements for lightening the auxiliary means related to the intermediate rolls. The roll nips (N) in the set of rolls (2) are closed by moving the first roll towards the intermediate rolls (4), and the roll nips between the last roll and the fixed intermediate roll included, are closed by moving the last roll towards the intermediate rolls (4).

Abstract: An embossing system is provided for embossing a web having a first embossing roll having embossing elements and a second embossing roll having embossing elements, wherein at least a portion of the embossing elements of the first and second embossing rolls are substantially oriented in the cross-machine direction. The embossing roll may be crowned, may have alignment means, and may be provided with precision gearing.

Abstract: A dynamic vibration absorber within a roll of a calender has a viscoelastic spring and damping element, which is compressed to adjust and control the spring constant and so the frequency response of the vibration absorber. The viscoelastic spring and damping element is compressed by a mechanical arrangement, or a hydraulic arrangement, which can be actuated exterior to the roll shell. One embodiment employs an adjustment rod, having left hand threaded portions and right hand threaded portions such that when the adjustment rod is rotated to cause two masses mounted interior to the roll shell to be drawn together compressing one or more viscoelastic spacers therebetween. A further embodiment adjustable dynamic vibration damper increases or decreases a secondary mass by adding or removing liquid from the interior of the secondary mass. This also has the effect of adjusting the characteristic frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

Abstract: A calender and an arrangement for mounting calender rolls, the calender comprising at least two calender nips (1, 2) formed by at least two stacked rolls (11–14). The rolls are have bearing housings (3–6) by means of which the rolls (11–14) are stacked into roll pairs forming the calender nips (1, 2), and means (31, 32) connecting the bearing housings (3, 4 and 4, 5) of the rolls pairs with each other. At least two successive calender nips (1, 2) are arranged so that in the successive nips the mutual distance between the longitudinal axes of the lower rolls (12, 14) is smaller than the corresponding mutual distance between the respective upper rolls (11, 13) of the nips, whereby the disposition of the rolls (11–14) forms a V-shaped angle as seen from the end of the calender machinery and thus forms an operating area between the nips for changing the rolls. The rolls are combined into nips advantageously using heatable pull rods inserted through the bearing housings.

Abstract: Process for operating and calender with a roll stack having a plurality of rolls, including two end rolls arranged to form a press plane and middle rolls arranged between the end rolls. The plurality of rolls includes at least one elastic roll. The process includes displacing at least one roll relative to the press plane at periodic intervals.

Abstract: A method of conditioning hay, the hay being made from plants used for animal fodder of the type having nodes in their stems, the nodes being significantly less compressible than the stems, the method comprising: compressing the hay between a pair of rollers with a predetermined compression force sufficient to substantially flatten any nodes on the hay and thereby accelerate drying of the hay.

Abstract: A hay conditioning apparatus includes a first roller which is rotatably mounted in a fixed mounting and a second counter-rotating (compression) roller which is rotatably mounted in connection with a moveable mounting. The compression roller is in rolling contact with the first roller and is adapted to receive pre-cut hay therebetween for conditioning. The moveable mounting allows the compression roller to be displaced relative to the first roller as the hay passes between the rollers and also includes a hydraulic cylinder for applying a compression force to the compression roller. As the pre-cut hay passes between the rollers, it is subjected to a predetermined compression force sufficient to substantially flatten any green nodes on the hay and thereby accelerate drying of the hay.

Abstract: Calender including at least one roll stack having a plurality of rolls arranged to form at least one nip, a stand arrangement having a stand located at each axial end of the at least one roll stack, and antifriction bearings arranged to support the plurality of rolls on the stand arrangement. Each stand includes a bearing edge on which the antifriction bearings are arranged, a contact edge structured and arranged to contact a mounting surface, and a connecting edge forming a connection between the bearing edge and the contact edge. Each stand further includes a plate structured and arranged to include the bearing edge, the contact edge and the connecting edge to one another.

Abstract: Calender and process for treating a web with a roll stack that includes a plurality of rolls having two end rolls and several intermediate rolls arranged between the two end rolls. The plurality of rolls are arranged such that adjacent rolls, including a first and a second roll, of the plurality of rolls are positionable to form nips, and the adjacent rolls have deflections which differ from each other so that the second roll is positioned adjacent a convex side of the first roll, and the second roll has a weaker deflection than the first roll.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an elastic roller for smoothing a paper web, wherein the roller has a hard metal core, an elastic matrix coating material thereon and an outer layer of memory metal, and is comprised especially of metal is described. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the elastic roller and to a device and method for smoothing paper comprising passing a paper web through a pressure nip formed by the elastic roller core and a hard roll.

Abstract: In a group of rolls for a calender for processing material webs, comprising at least two rolls each having a roll body made of a cast or forged iron material, at least one of the roll bodies consists of chilled cast iron or shell-chilled cast iron. One or more rolls may have a cover of a resilient material, such as a polymeric plastic. Although it is possible for the outer diameters of the rolls to differ, the sag of the rolls when they are supported only in their rolling-contact bearings is substantially equal. In order to produce appropriate rolls, following the essential machining steps of the roll bodies, that is to say, for example, following casting, following preliminary turning, following preliminary boring and, if appropriate, following the introduction of peripheral bores, the actual mean modulus of elasticity of the entire roll body is measured and, as a function of this, in particular the inner diameters of the central bores are produced.

Abstract: A supercalender has a top roll, a bottom roll, and a plurality of intermediate rolls. The intermediate rolls are mounted to support frames by pivot arms. The pivot radius defined by the arms is at least about 2½ times the diameter of the largest intermediate roll. Hydraulic load support cylinders are arranged between the intermediate roll bearings and anchor points which are spaced away from the intermediate rolls, to allow greater movement without mechanical interference between hydraulic load support cylinders. The greater length of the pivot arms combined with a greater stroke of the load support cylinders allows the supercalender to accommodate filled rolls which change diameter substantially over their life, as the surface of the rolls is repeatedly turned down to refurbish the roll surface. The calender may be based on an existing calender of the closed A-frame type.

Abstract: An apparatus for the compaction of articles, e.g., disposable metal cans or disposable plastic bottles, includes a pair of mutually counter-rotatable, interacting squeeze rollers, wherein the first roller has a fixed support and wherein the second roller is supported in an arm-spring assembly, thereby enabling the space between the rollers to be varied according to the size and compactability of the article. In addition, the apparatus has a precompactor that includes a conveyor, e.g., a belt or chain conveyor, and an elongate press plate inclined relative to the conveyor and preferably spring-loaded, to ensure that the article is gradually flattened upstream of the squeeze rollers. The squeeze roller may be provided with an incurvate middle portion and, optionally with openings having an L, U or V-shaped cross section with gripping edges in order to facilitate the feeding of the articles, such as bottles having a mouth and bottom nipple, through the compactor.

Abstract: A calender for a sheet of paper comprising a metal roll which is rotated by a first driving unit. The calender further comprises a rotatable cylindrical jacket, a pressurizing shoe, and a plurality of support members. The cylindrical jacket is disposed opposite the metal roll to form a calender nip so that the sheet of paper is continuously passed through the calender nip. The pressurizing shoe is provided within the jacket at the position of the calender nip and presses the interior surface of the jacket radially outward to pressurize the calender nip. The support members are disposed inside the jacket so that they are equally balanced in the peripheral direction of the jacket.

Abstract: A roll assembly for pressure-treatment and preferably also for heat-treatment, of a web-type medium comprises at least two rolls, having roll bodies (3) forming a nip for the medium transported between the two rolls, bowing of the rolls possibly being partially compensated mechanically, such as by interlacing the rolls relative to each other (skewing) or bending the rolls by means of each having two bearings per trunnion (roll-bending). The radial local stiffness of at least one of the roll bodies (3) is varied axially such that the profile of the local stiffness compensates a pre-existing nip error which was not eliminated by the mechanical compensation.

Abstract: An apparatus for joining dough blocks to form a continuous dough sheet. The dough blocks are cut from a dough mass and drop into a space between first and second groups of rollers. The first and second groups of rollers include horizontally-paired rollers arranged in tiers and forming a substantially V-shaped space for receiving the dough blocks, with the uppermost pair of rollers being separated by a first horizontal gap which is wider than a second horizontal gap separating the lowermost pair of rollers. The first group of rollers are rotated in a direction (e.g., clockwise) which is opposite to that of the second group of rollers. In addition, the first group of rollers is alternately moved toward and away from the second group of rollers, thereby applying vibrations to the dough blocks.

Abstract: A paper machine roll, in particular a roll for a supercalender, which includes a frame and a polymer coating on the frame. The deformability of the polymer coating on the roll increases within a certain axial distance from the middle area of the roll toward the ends of the roll in order to compensate for the deformation state of the end areas of the roll frame, which deformation state is uneven when the roll is loaded.

Abstract: A vibration control apparatus (20) and method for a calender (18) for controlling vibration between two or more rolls (ex. 22, 24) which controls vibration induced thickness variations in a medium (27) exiting from the nip. The apparatus (20) includes a frame (19), a first and second rolls (22, 24) mounted relative to the frame (19), and a force generator (32), such as an electromechanical active actuator, servo-hydraulic actuator, controllable semi-active damper, Active Vibration Absorber (AVA), or Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorber (ATVA), provides cancelling forces to control vibration between the first and second roll (22, 24) thereby, controlling such vibration induced thickness variations in the medium (27). Preferably, the apparatus (20) includes at least one sensor (ex.

Abstract: An improved pinch-point gap adjustment mechanism for a dough sheeter having two counterrotating rollers, one of which is horizontally moveable, is disclosed. The pinch-point gap adjustment mechanism incorporates a lever-action arrangement to provide mechanical assistance to an operator adjusting the pinch-point gap. The lever-action incorporated by the current invention distributes input forces for pinch-point gap adjustment across the height of the moveable roller. The disclosed invention allows for smoother pinch-point gap adjustment such that binding of the slider plates is minimized. The preferred sheeter head assembly permits an operator to release the front roller from the same operator location as where adjustments to the pinch-point gap are made.

Abstract: In a nip roller apparatus, a drive roller and an idler roller are arranged for conveying an object. The rollers include shafts having toothed wheels mounted thereon for transmitting rotation of the drive roller to the idler roller. A pressing device is provided for biasing the idler roller against the drive roller. The idler roller is mounted in a bearing support which includes guide slots for permitting sliding movement of the idler roller relative to the drive roller. The guide slots are positioned at an angle relative to a line which extends through the centers of the shafts and includes a point of contact between the toothed drive wheel and the toothed idler wheel.

Abstract: An apparatus for production of dewatered and loosened biopulp, wherein precrushed raw biopulp is press fed by pistons (2) against a pair of counter-rotating press rolls (4, 5) between which the biopulp is dewatered. The pulp is then fed into a backpressure vessel (7) maintained at an overpressure, which prevents water from entering the backpressure vessel and remoistening the biopulp. The biopulp leaves the backpressure vessel through an air-tight compartment feeder (9) constructed like a revolving door. The press rolls include one of solid metal (5) and another (4) with a number of elastically mounted plates which can move radially in response to a radial load.

Abstract: A mechanism for regulating the external surface of an elastically deformable metal shell includes a temperature control for controlling roll sections and thus pressure controlling for controlling bending of a roller. The assembly provides a press roller with one or more pressing members for regulating nip pressure of a press roller against a counter roller. The assembly also provides a suction box with a mechanism for pressing it against a counter roller and a mechanism for pressing the counter roller against the box. The pressing mechanism are pressurized by use of a silicone elastomer compound which is in turn preferably pressurized by heating.

Abstract: A calender in a paper or board machine comprises a calender frame, at least two soft-faced rolls mounted on the calender frame and at least one hard roll mounted on the calender frame in a manner that allows the hard roll to be displaced between a first position in which it forms calendering nips with the two soft-faced rolls and a second position in which it is spaced from the soft-faced rolls. During threading of the web; while the calender is in operation, the hard roll is shifted to its second position, the web is passed over the soft-faced rolls, and the hard roll is shifted back to its first position and brings the web into the nips between the hard roll and the soft-faced rolls.

Abstract: The axes of a first press roll (1) and of a second press roll (3) lie in a press plane (E). Each of the press rolls has a respective journal (2, 4). The first press roll is supported in a first bearing bracket (5). The second press roll rests in a second bearing bracket (6) which is coupled, by means of flexurally soft tie-bar groups (7a, 7b . . . , 8a, 8b . . . ), to the first bearing bracket (5). In the unloaded condition of the roll press, the second bearing bracket (6) rests on the first bearing bracket (5). In the loaded condition, however, a clearance (p) is established between the bearing brackets (5, 6), which permits the bearing brackets (5, 6) to be displaceable relative to each other in the axial direction of the press rolls.

Abstract: A web of flexible material is pressed between a counterroll and a pressing roll to which the pressing force is applied by magnetic, fluid-pressure or switching means via a force-multiplying lever arrangement.

Abstract: A press roll apparatus temporarily or finally bonds two glass sheets with an adhesive intermediate film sandwiched therebetween to manufacture a laminated glass. The press roll apparatus has a plurality of drive roll units each having a pair of upper and lower presser rolls operatively coupled to a drive source and rotatable thereby for pressing the glass sheets therebetween, and a plurality of free roll units each having a pair of upper and lower presser rolls freely rotatable for pressing the glass sheets therebetween. The drive roll units and the free roll units are housed in a frame and vertically positionally adjustably supported by the frame, the frame having a pair of horizontal shafts projecting outwardly. The frame is supported on a support frame by the horizontal shafts for angular movement about the horizontal shafts, the support frame having a pair of horizontally spaced vertical support columns.

Abstract: A system for automatically controlling vehicle speed calculates the relative speed between the subject vehicle and another preceding vehicle on the basis of the intervehicle distance detected by an intervehicle distance detector. One of a number of relative speed values derived with reference to different sampling periods is selected according to the magnitude of one of the relative speed values so that a highly accurate and fast responsive system for controlling the vehicle speed can be achieved on the basis of the vehicle speed, intervehicle distance, and selected relative speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender, in particular a supercalender, on whose frame (1) a set of rolls (2) is mounted, which comprises an upper roll (3), a lower roll (4), and several intermediate rolls (5) placed between the upper roll and the lower roll. The rolls (3, 4, 5) are supported on the frame (1) by the intermediate structure of the base parts (34, 47, 54) being vertically displaceable along guides (7) provided in the frame. Of the base parts, at least the base parts (54) of the intermediate rolls can be positioned in the vertical direction by means of lifting spindles (6) provided in the frame (1) and by means of spindle nuts (56) provided on the spindle. The base parts (54) of the intermediate rolls are supported on the lifting spindles (6) being vertically displaceable by means of pressure-medium operated relief devices (57) arranged between the base parts (54) and the spindle nuts (56) to reduce the journal loads on the rolls (5).

Abstract: A mower conditioner includes a main frame having a header connected thereto by a four bar linkage which permits the header to float over the ground during harvesting operation. The header carries upper and lower conditioner rolls with the opposite ends of the upper roll being respectively mounted to a pair of arms mounted for pivoting vertically such that the upper roll moves towards or away from the lower roll in response to crop density variations. A float spring assembly is provided at each side of the mower conditioner and each has its upper end supported by the frame and has its lower end pivotally coupled to a force transfer linkage that is pivotally mounted to the header for movement about a transverse axis and is pivotally linked to an adjacent one of the conditioner roll support arms whereby the force transfer linkage acts to transfer a lifting force to the header and a downward biasing force to the upper conditioner roll.

Abstract: Press roll with a tubular cylinder, featuring on each of its two ends a roll head with a journal, specifically for use in a roll press consisting of the press roll and a backing roll with controlled deflection, for the treatment of web type material such as a paper web or the like. The inside surface of the tubular cylinder is so shaped across the web width that the shape of the flex line of the tubular cylinder will approximate during operation the flex line of the roll shell of the backing roll. This yields a press roll having a relatively thin-walled tubular cylinder which is lightweight. Nonetheless, an extensively constant line force is achieved in the press gap of the roll press across the web width.

Abstract: Support of a nip relieving device to compensate for overhanging weights at an elevationally displaceable bearing part of an intermediate roll of the calender is effected relative to the stand of the calender by an elevationally displaceable support member. This support member is displaceable by a threaded spindle which is rotatable with a motor and gearing and supported by the stand, to which threaded spindle the support member is individually engageable. The support member is thus individually displaceable to the related bearing part, according to the elevational position thereof, into a desired relative position. According to a preferred embodiment, the components of the nip relieving device are arranged in a bearing sleeve enclosing the threaded spindle and the support member is formed by a nut which is elevationally displaceable by rotation of the threaded spindle.

Abstract: A roller press for compacting fine-grained chemicals, especially salts, into sheets, having synchronously driven rollers with two axially spaced pressing surfaces on ring elements being provided with radial shoulders at both of their ends. Screw feeders for feeding the salt into the roll nip and wedge-shaped wall elements closing-off the roll nip in the axial direction on both ends of said ring elements and bearing against the shoulders, are also provided. Adjustment rods acting parallel to the roll axis are provided for the outer wall elements and vertical rods between the inner wall elements acting onto these wall elements via wedge-shaped surfaces arranged on said rods and the walls of said wall elements facing each other. The ring elements are integral with the roller bodies or separate cylindrical rings shrink-fit onto the roller bodies. Each ring element is associated with at least two screw feeders.

Abstract: The invention concerns an equipment in the system of rolls in a supercalender for equalizing the profiles of linear loads between the rolls. In the normal way, the system of rolls comprises an upper roll, a lower roll, several intermediate rolls placed between the upper roll and the lower roll, as well as lifting spindles (40) placed at both sides of the system of rolls. The equipment in accordance with the invention comprises lightening devices (10) acting upon the bearing housing (38) at each end of at least one roll, the lightening devices being arranged to eliminate the distortions caused by the weight of the bearing housings (38) and the auxiliary devices attached to same in the lateral areas of the profiles of linear load between the rolls.

Abstract: Between an uppermost roll and a lowermost roll there are arranged intermediate rolls mounted with their axles in levers. These levers extend across the width of the roll stand of the calender and are vertically pivotably suspended at a pivot at the roll stand. Nip relieving devices act upon these levers and are supported at a support defining a support location at the roll stand. Each pivot is arranged at an associated bearing element which is elevationally adjustable and which is located at the rear side of the roll stand remote from the rolls. If the position of the intermediate rolls change in vertical direction, the related bearing elements are correspondingly individually and vertically displaced, so that the levers are brought into an essentially horizontal position at which the axles of the intermediate rolls and the pivots of the related levers are located in each case in a related horizontal plane.

Abstract: Roll-type pressure-treating apparatus, for subjecting sheet or web material to a uniformly high and uniform pressure across a nip, includes a pair of annular pressure rolls mounted in nip-defining relation to each other. Each of the pressure rolls has received internally thereto a crowned loading roll. The crowned loading rolls have ends which are received in journal blocks through which the pressure rolls are loaded, by compression springs. The crowned loading rolls apply a loading force to the respective inside surfaces of the pressure rolls in immediate adjacent relation to the opposite sides of the nip formed therebetween.

Abstract: A tandem calender is provided at the output end of a paper machine which includes two single stack nips in-line. The first nip is formed by a pair of steel rolls which are lightly loaded and the second nip is formed by a steel roll and a plastic covered roll which is loaded 2-10 times greater than the first nip.

Abstract: A supercalender at the output of a paper machine includes two pairs of zone-wise deflection-controlled rollers. Each pair has a hard surface roller and a soft roller with an elastic outer layer or covering having a minimum hardness of 85.degree. Shore D. The hard rollers are disposed on one side and the soft rollers on the other side of the travel path of the paper.

Abstract: A linkage for equalizing the biasing forces exerted on the opposing transverse ends of the upper conditioning roll in a mower-conditioner is disclosed wherein a separate torsion bar is utilized to bias each respective end of the upper conditioning roll toward the lower conditioning roll, each torsion bar being connected to a biasing force equalization member for equalizing the pressure exerted on the opposing transverse ends of the upper conditioning roll. The equalization member includes a pair of arms interconnected by a trunnion to permit a limited relative movement between the two arms to accommodate differences in manufacturing tolerances in the torsion bars. An adjustment crank is connected to the trunnion to effect a selective simultaneous movement of the arms to vary the roll pressure.

Abstract: A mechanism for a press section of a papermaking machine including a press having first and second press rolls forming a pressure loaded press nip therebetween with a support frame and end bearings for the first roll with a support carrying the end bearings on the frame including first and second layers of deformable elastic material with a plate connected to the bearing between the layers of material and plates on the outer surfaces of the layers connected to the frame so that vibrational forces normal to the direction of movement of the web through the nip are passed through the layers of elastic material.

Abstract: Fusing apparatus for fixing toner material to a copy sheet. The apparatus comprises a pair of parallel, cold pressure fixing rollers, each of said rollers including a cylindrical metal tube open at both ends thereof, a cured elastomer occupying the volume enclosed by and bonded to said cylindrical tube, and a shaft extending through and bonded to said elastomer. The shaft is concentric with the tube. The apparatus also comprises means for applying a force to one of the two roller shafts to thereby apply a uniform pressure to the nip of the cold pressure fixing rollers.

Abstract: A pressure roller and apparatus for pressure fixing imaging powder in an electrostatic duplicating machine, the apparatus comprising a pair of fixing rollers in pressure contact along a narrow band to define a nip. The fixing rollers are hollow cylindrical rollers with parallel longitudinal axes and are rotatably supported by pressure transfer rollers inside each fixing roller. The pressure transfer rollers in each fixing roller are rotatably supported by a shaft and housing. Pressure supplied by loading means at the ends of the shafts to pressure fix imaging powder to a substrate transported through the nip is distributed uniformly along the nip by the pressure transfer rollers without causing bending moments on the fixing rollers.