Abstract: A non-toxic wildlife shot pellet for shotgun shells and the like comprises a lead shot pellet having an essentially uniform coating of nickel-phosphorous alloys having a Rockwell hardness of at least 45.

Abstract: A projectile with active components or energy-producing bodies which possesses a cylindrical sheathing wall, and which are maintained axially stacked between a projectile base and a projectile head or tip, and wherein there is provided an ejecting arrangement on the projectile for the ejection of the active components. The sheathing or wall structure of each active component is provided with at least two axially-parallel, through-extending bores, in which tie bolts are extended through the aligned bores of the sheathing wall structures of the active components, which tie bolts are fastened at one end thereof to the projectile base and at the other end thereof to the projectile head, wherein each tie bolt possess rupturing or breaking points in the region of the projectile base, in the region of the abutting location between two active components, and in the region of the projectile head.

Abstract: A spin-stabilized training projectile provides a reliable reduction of a firing range by means of the special construction of a recess in the body of the projectile. The flight path of the training projectile is adaptable to the corresponding flight path of a corresponding live reference projectile over a distance in a predetermined region of the first portion of the flight path of the training projectile.

Abstract: A penetrator for a subcaliber impact or inertial projectile, especially a projectile adapted to pierce or break an armored target, which comprises a core of comparatively high density within a metallic housing or shell and in which the core is subdivided along a longitudinal axis into at least two core parts with the core parts being encased in respective sheaths which prevent transmission of cracks from one part to another, a spacing being formed between the parts by at least one sheath and having a thickness corresponding at least to the thickness of one sheath.

Abstract: In an ammunition round a substantially full bore diameter bullet has a plurality of elongate grooves either helically formed or parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bullet and a sabot which has a body and fingers which engage with the grooves and seal the bullet in a casing, the sabot having a slightly larger diameter than the bullet so that the sabot is engraved by the rifling slots in the barrel through which the round is to be fired, in order to rotate the bullet. In alternative constructions the grooves contain elongate elements or a plurality of spherical elements to prevent the conically tapered slug or bullet from tilting or cocking in the barrel after firing.

Abstract: An arrangement for propelling liquids over long distances involves enclosing liquid in a plurality of thin plastic spheres having a dimpled surface. The liquid containing spheres are propelled over substantial distances by shooting them from a pipe by means of compressed air.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic igniter comprises a strong outer casing (3) whose bottom is equipped with divergent peripheral openings (4) and an ignition charge (5) placed in this casing. In order to obtain reproducible thermodynamic characteristics during the firing of the gas-generating charge (1) with a central channel, while withstanding the very high accelerations produced when the gun is fired, the inner surface of the casing comprises a means of axial positioning of the charge which provides a free space (6) between the downstream face of the charge and the bottom of the casing, the ignition charge (5) comprising a peripheral sleeve (7) resting on the said means of axial positioning.

Abstract: A shell formed of a casing having a propellant in it and a means of igniting the propellant, and shot formed of a plurality of metallic pellets each of a pyramid shape, that is, in the form of a polyhedron having a equilateral triangular base and equilateral faces meeting in a common apex. The pyramidal shape causes the pellets to travel in a flatter trajectory than spherical pellets commonly used so that when the shell is of the type used in a shotgun, the pellets have greater range, more directional stability, and are less affected by sidewinds.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lead-free and plastics-free hunting bullet, preferably made of tombac, in which on impact with a target a cap, which is provided with wedge-shaped projections, is forced rapidly rearwards within the bullet so that the projections rupture the wall of the bullet internally with the results that uniformly distributed tongues or petals are formed within the target. The bullet maintains its overall weight on passage through the body of an animal and no lead or plastics material can be become transferred to the body.

Abstract: An ammunition round for a small arms piece including a cartridge casing with a nose opening and base opening at opposite ends thereof and a casing defined internal chamber extending therebetween with the nose opening serving to snugly receive a pellet means and the base opening serving to snugly receive a primer means, the nose opening corresponding in cross-section with the original bore of the barrel of the small arms piece, the casing having an internal protruding displacement extending into the internal chamber adjacent the nose opening to provide a stop seat for the pellet means.

Abstract: The invention is a projectile which will not ricochet upon striking a solid object. The projectile has a hull containing a payload cavity with a liquid payload, rotors within the payload cavity, a threaded shaft extending the length of the hull, and propeller fins at the back end of the shaft which make fewer turns than the hull while the projectile is in flight.

Abstract: A slug assembly for a shotgun shotshell, having a slug which has a circular largest diameter portion, and which has at least one cylindroid portion consisting of inclined generatrices, a sleeve like spacer made of a plurality of split spacer elements coaxially surrounding the slug. The spacer has inner portions which come into close contact with the cylindroid portion of the slug. The slug assembly also has a disc like stabilizer between the wad and the slug, connected to the slug by means of male and female connectors. A front surface of the stabilizer comes into close contact with the rear end of the spacer.

Abstract: Arrangement for interconnecting a projectile and a projectile extension component. The projectile and the extension component each incorporates its own connecting element which are capable of being introduced into each other by causing one of the connecting elements to be so deformed as to be retained in its deformed state in the second connecting element. The connecting elements are capable of being introduced into each other with the help of the firing forces whose effect is immediate when the projectile and the extension component are fired from the barrel of a weapon.

Abstract: A projectile component is provided with a thermally ablative coating capable of giving complete protection against the erosive effects of in-bore and in-flight heating, with minimal impairment of aerodynamic performance.

Abstract: An ordnance device includes a submunition having a generally cylindrical case packed with an explosive charge. The rearmost end of the case is capped by a detonator that fires the explosive charge when a target is sensed. The front end of the case is capped by a liner that on detonation of the explosive charge converts to one or more explosively forged penetrators that speed toward the target at supersonic speed. By assembling the liner from a plurality of narrow metal strips arranged in parallel and weakly bonded together, the strips separate on detonation forming a plurality of aerodynamically stable slugs, each of which has undergone plastic deformation to form a projectile that is potentially lethal.

Abstract: In an ammunition round a substantially full bore diameter bullet has a plurality of elongate grooves either helically formed or parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bullet and a sabot which has a body and fingers which engage with the grooves and seal the bullet in a casing, the sabot having a slightly larger diameter than the bullet so that the sabot is engraved by the refling slots in the barrel through which the round is to be fired, in order to rotate the bullet. In alternative constructions the grooves contain elongate elements or a plurality of spherical elements to prevent the conically tapered slug or bullet from tilting or cocking in the barrel after firing.

Abstract: A nose unit for a discarding sabot penetrator having a bolt in a bore of the pointed nose which is temporarily displaced on firing due to acceleration and against a restoring spring. This produces a circular edge and a break in the contour of the nose to define a limit surface between a zone of supersonic airflow and a zone of subsonic airflow, at least during the separation of the sabot segments. This facilitates the uniformed detachment of the segments.

Abstract: An armor-penetrating projectile comprises an outer substantially cylindrically tubular member of great length/diameter ratio and density, centered on an axis, and having an axially throughgoing bore defined by an inner surface and an axially elongated inner member of greater strength and elasticity than the outer member extending axially through the bore the full length of the outer member and having an outer surface in tight radial contact with the inner surface of the outer member at at least a plurality of annular locations spaced along the axis. This inner member can be a bundle of wires that is inserted through the bore after the outer member has been expanded by heat, then twisted and longitudinally prestressed to lock tightly in the outer member.

Abstract: A projectile intended to be fired by a firearm comprising a rear portion of general cylindrical configuration whose diameter determines the gauge of the projectile and a front portion of general conical configuration ending in a front point. The front portion has, between the front point and the rear portion, a curved front hollow zone joined to the front point, a curved rear hollow zone connected to the rear portion, these two hollow zones being joined together by at least one curved bulge zone.

Abstract: An armor piercing projectile having a carrier body and a rod-type high density penetrator core. The leading edge portion of the carrier body is beveled and extends beyond the nose of the penetrator core. Encompassing the carrier body is a nose shape to provide relatively low aerodynamic drag during flight. The carrier body is designed to allow the projectile to be spin stabilized when fired from a suitable weapon.

Abstract: A bullet for muzzle loading black powder rifles having an elongated cylindrical metal body. The metal body includes a front paraboloidal segment and a recessed base. A rear expansion band for initially guiding the bullet into the rifled bore and for tightly sealing the explosive gases upon firing of the rifle. A front rifling band which is cut by the lands of the rifling to cause rotation about the longitudinal axis of the bullet. An intermediate knife-like cleaning band which removes residue from the rifled bore as the bullet is propelled outwardly by the explosive gases.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a cartridge assembly of a cartridge base of compressed polycarbonate, polyethylene and Teflon having at a forward end thereof a circumscribing annular flange mounted in a circumscribing annular recess within an inner wall surface of an open end of a plastic envelope of high-density polyethylene of which a distal-end of the plastic envelope has thin weakened walls extending along longitudinally-extending lines or of which a distal-end of the plastic envelope has mounted therein a slug (ball or bullet) of metal.

Abstract: An insert for a projectile-forming charge with a non-constant or varying material thickness extending in the centripetal direction thereof. The insert incorporates peripherally mutually offset centripetally extending zones with a material thickness which is constant in the centripetal direction, and which alternates in transition with centripetally extending zones having a non-constant varying material thickness. In the interest of an improved combat effectiveness for large-caliber ammunition, notwithstanding greater target distances, through periodically varying the material thickness of the insert in the peripheral direction, during the folding in of the insert projectile there can be achieved a more stable flight trajectory due to the formation of defined stub wings at the tail end of the projectile.

Abstract: An assembly of a wad and a slug for a shotgun cartridge, the wad and the slug being coaxially connected to each other by means of male and female connectors provided on the wad and the slug without play between the connectors, the assembly comprising peripheral projections spaced from one another in the axial direction of the assembly.

Abstract: A projectile for hand and shoulder weapons has a cylindrical body and a nose, the longitudinal cross-section of the nose being defined by two concave lines which are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the projectile. An internal cavity formed within the projectile body and open at the end remote from the nose is at least partly filled with charge power which has been introduced into the cartridge case. The initial velocity thus imparted to the projectile is higher than that of a projectile of the conventional type and of the same caliber.

Abstract: A nose unit for a discarding sabot penetrator having a bolt in a bore of the pointed nose which is temporarily displaced on firing due to acceleration and against a restoring spring. This produces a circular edge and a break in the contour of the nose to define a limit surface between a zone or supersonic airflow and a zone of subsonic airflow, at least during the separation of the sabot segments. This facilitates the uniformed detachment of the segments.

Abstract: The specification discloses a plastic bullet having improved accuracy and reusability. The bullet comprises a projectile, including a body and a stud, and a casing, defining a chamber for closely receiving the projectile stud. The projectile body has a reverse frustoconical shape and a blunt forward end defining a spherical segment depression. A plurality of pockets are defined by the body about its circumference. Both the case chamber wall and the projectile stud include interfitting serrations having different axial spacings to improve compression and releasability during firing. The projectile is hollow having a wall-mass-to-diameter ratio providing an improved gyroscopic effect. The casing includes a thick-wall blast chamber providing improved strength and reusability and enabling the use of high force primers.

Abstract: A training cartridge has a plastic projectile or plastic dummy projectile wherein the projectile or dummy projectile is integrally molded on a synthetic resin sleeve open at the rear end. The sleeve is inserted in a cartridge case of metal open at its front end. The cartridge case with case shoulder and case neck formed thereon is made to be open also at the rear end so that the synthetic resin sleeve can be inserted from the rear end into the cartridge case in close contact with the inner wall thereof. A separate metallic bottom piece is inserted into the rear end of the cartridge case, sealing the case tightly toward the rear.

Abstract: A piece of small arms ammunition includes a jacket bullet of an aerodynamically optimized configuration having a profile, with the exception of its ends and of an attachment section, which is drag optimized in accordance with a relation derived from the known Haack equation. The range probable error of the ammunition is further additionally and advantageously affected by the design of the head and tail end of the bullet.

Abstract: A cover (1) for protecting the surface (23) of a lens (3) disposed at the rear surface (21) of a guided projectile (7) is fabricated of Teflon or other soft material. Lens (3) faces rearward to receive guidance signals used to keep projectile (7) on a chosen path. Cover (1) protects lens surface (23) from combustive gases and particulates generated during projectile (7) firing, but must be removed shortly after firing to permit lens (3) to receive its guidance signals. Cover (1) comprises at least one vacated chamber (15) for receiving, via holes (17), high pressure combustive gases during firing. Subsequent to firing, the greater pressure within chamber (15) compared with the pressure surrounding cover (1) produces a net force of removal between cover (1) and projectile (7), causing cover (1) to be removed therefrom as desired.

Abstract: A training cartridge has a synthetic resin projectile or dummy projectile wherein the projectile or dummy projectile is integrally molded to a synthetic resin sleeve or tube open at the rear end. The sleeve is inserted from the front end of a cartridge case of metal that is open at its front end. The sleeve is held within the cartridge case by drawing the cartridge case inwards, after insertion of the synthetic resin sleeve, in its frontal zone to form a conical case shoulder and a cylindrical case neck, which shoulder and neck encompass the synthetic resin sleeve in firm contact therewith. This arrangement achieves clean separation of the projectile from the remainder of the synthetic resin sleeve and/or avoids uncontrolled tearing off of parts of the synthetic resin sleeve.

Abstract: A heterogenous powder comprising particles of tungsten grains with a diameter of less than 1 .mu.m with a binder sponge-like coating of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, silver, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and rhenium with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 .mu.m, a process for the preparation thereof, method of forming sintered elements therefrom and the elements produced thereby being useful as penetrating projectiles.

Abstract: The invention is an improved area multiplier for use in munitions launching aboted sub-caliber projectiles. The improved area multiplier not only provides the increased area required to reduce sabot base stresses to acceptable levels, but it has a novel and unique structure that improves and assures uniform spin to the projectile. The area multiplier consists of a disc-like portion having a centrally located aperture therein, and a plurality of triangular-like projections affixed to one face of the disc-like portion. The areas between the triangular-like projections serve to lock the area multiplier to the sabot after molding and the sharp edges of and at the apex of the triangular-like projections serve to engage the projectile base during launch to prevent slippage within the sabot and thereby impart a uniform spin to the projectile upon launching.

Abstract: A projectile for a smooth bore gun includes a metal bullet, substantially de of lead, and a wad-flight control element of plastic material. The bullet is constituted by a metal body provided with an ogive with centering fins and comprises one or more cylindrical segments. The wad-flight control element comprises a container, connected to the bullet and containing the same, an amortizing portion and a cup for sealing off propellant gases. The amortizing portion and the sealing cup act to control the projectile during flight.

Abstract: Chaff for protecting a ballistic missile from detection by radar during re-entry into the atmosphere is shown to be made up of a plurality of dart like elements, each fabricated from pyrolytically formed graphite and shaped so as to follow a ballistic path through the atmosphere upon release from said missile and to appear as a resonant dipole to interrogating signals from a radar.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remotely attaching one object to another object comprising: (a) a target consisting of layers of contrasting hardness attached to one object, wherein the outer layer is a relatively soft composition and the underlying base is a relatively hard composition, and (b) a projectile of intermediate hardness attached to the other object. By propelling the projectile against the target, the projectile penetrates the softer outer layer and expands upon impact with the inner layer, thus securely anchoring the two objects together. Such a method and apparatus are useful in outer space and underwater applications.

Abstract: A round of ammunition for use in training comprises a standard brass cartridge case (1) containing a reduced propellant charge (14) and a bullet (2) of standard shape comprising a core (3) of rigid polyurethane foam and an external skin (14) of unfoamed polyurethane. The core and skin can be moulded integrally. The round is designed for firing in an automatic weapon and actuating its automatic mechanism. The skin of the bullet should be not less than 0.02 mm thick to withstand handling, and not more than 0.10 mm thick to avoid production of large fragments thereof on firing. The bullet can have opposite ends both of ogival form to facilitate manufacture and operation. The round is mainly for small arms up to 10 mm caliber.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a propellant for base-bleed gas generators, thus for generators made of a gas-producing charge for the increase of range wherein a binder and one or more granular or powdery solid substances are used at least one of which is an oxidant, characterized thereby that the binder is a thermoplastically deformable elastomer, that solvents are added to said elastomer which is thoroughly mixed with the solid substance and that said elastomer is deposited thereon by removal of the solvent with the formation of a granulate.

Abstract: A system for identifying a hard target from a distance. A delivery vehicle, such as a missile or bomb, is adapted to be dropped from the air. The delivery vehicle contains a plurality of hard target identifier or kinetic penetrator elements. Each of the elements has a nose portion of aerodynamic shape and a plurality of fins connected thereto. When ejected from the delivery vehicle, the elements will reach a substantial velocity, and hence, kinetic energy to penetrate partially into a hard target. A soft surrounding area, such as earth or water will absorb the elements. The elements may be passive for reflecting waves, such as acoustic waves or electromagnetic energy. Alternatively, they may be active elements capable of ejecting a dye, such as a fluorescent dye, or for transmitting acoustical or electromagnetic energy upon being activated.

Abstract: A body which can be axially incorporated at an artillery shell comprises a functional or operational element constructed as a radar reflector. A sleeve element is arranged at such functional element. This sleeve element is rotationally symmetrical about a lengthwise axis and is intended to be attached to the artillery shell. The functional element and the sleeve element are constructed as one piece or integrally. At the inside surface of the sleeve element there are formed in a turnably symmetrical or rotationally symmetrical manner beads, fins or claws or the like. The inner surface of the sleeve element is provided with an adhesive layer formed, for instance, of corundum powder contained in a synthetic resin. At the outside surface of the sleeve element there is arranged a fuse cord, the detonation of which produces a form-locking or positive connection of the sleeve element with the ordnance projectile or shell.

Abstract: A projectile for a gun-vane centrifugal launching device is disclosed, of the type with an ogival head, a body and a tail of decreasing section. The body is cylindrical and the weight of the tail is chosen in such a way that the center of gravity of the projectile lays in the plane where the body joins the tail or in the immediate vicinity of this plane. The shape of the said tail is such that no point of the surface of the latter touches the wall of the gun-vane, particularly during the ejection of the projectile.

Abstract: A retainer for attaching a rotating band to a projectile during handling ramming of the projectile. The retainer cooperates with a groove on the projectile and is discarded during firing of the projectile by the force of the charge. An interlocking double split ring forms the retainer with an outer ring having an L-shaped cross-section and an inner ring shaped to fit into the L-shape of the outer ring. Each ring is provided with a split or opening to allow for expansion of the ring over the projectile and into the projectile groove. The outer ring split may be cut at an angle of less than 90.degree. to minimize deflection of the outer ring. The inner and outer rings are assembled with their splits together and then clocked 180.degree. apart. The inner ring is then locked to the outer ring by a locking notch. Hoop stress of the outer ring prevents the inner ring from deflecting at the split such that the retainer is forced to behave as a continuous single ring.

Abstract: A discarding sabot projectile for shotgun of unique construction whereby the separation of the projectile and sabot is enhanced by opposing air pressure and the unique construction of the sabot. The sabot as utilized herein comprises a plastic body firmly encompassing, but not completely encapsulating a subcaliber projectile. The plastic body includes a plurality of longitudinally extending slots forming symmetrical segments and further, segment having longitudinally extending grooves for reducing friction between the barrel bore and the sabot. The segments are further defined at the other end thereof by longitudinal tapered edges. The sabot, upon exiting the launching device begins to separate from the enclosed projectile beginning at the uppermost front end of the sabot as a result of air pressure flowing in the opposite direction of the sabot.

Abstract: A projectile is shown which has stacked bays to receive packs of flechettes. The flechettes of each pack are bound together and supported by a frangible matrix. The matrix consists of small smooth glass spheres bound together and to the flechettes by a resin. The matrix prevents the flechettes from becoming damaged during acceleration of the projectile.

Abstract: A high density shot made of a cold-compacted mixture of at least two metal powders, a first one of such powders more dense than lead and a second one of such being flowable under compaction to serve as a binder. The shot has an extended range as compared to conventional lead shot.

Abstract: A disc-like segmented elastomer seal utilizing tongue and groove construcn for use with discarding sabot ammunition. Said seal may be used as the primary seal or in conjunction with a conventional base seal to prevent entry of propellant gases between the sabot and the subprojectile body particularly when firing in worn gun tubes. A second embodiment utilizes radially projecting spider arms to assure sealing of the gaps between the sabot segments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hermetically sealed ballistic projectile having nose, material containing shell and a piston. The nose has a rearwardly increased diameter and a rearward region of decreased diameter, the shell has a forward most region of mating diameter with the rearward region of the nose and is in fixed but frangible contact with the nose. The piston is in hermetic sealed engagement with the inner surface of the forward region of the shell with its forward surface proximate the rearward surface of the nose. Material is used to fill the interior space of the shell between the piston and the rearward inner surface of the shell. The materials can be of a liquid, semi-liquid, slurry or solid consistency and are explosive, hypergolic, incendiary or otherwise reactive or inert, and contained in a single or a plurality of separate component containing compartments.

Abstract: A projectile having an extendible nose portion which will extend the diste between the shaped charge of a projectile and the surface of the target at the time of detonation.

Abstract: A projectile comprises a nose ogive tapering outwardly to a cylindrical or onical body portion of caliber diameter. A reversely tapering stabilizer is connected to the rear of the body portion and is terminated at a tail stabilizer which tapers outwardly in the same direction as the nose ogive. The largest diameter of the tail stabilizer is at most equal to and preferably less than the caliber. Aerodynamic stabilization is thus achieved without the use of a sabot or complex stabilizer fin deployment mechanisms.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electromagnetically launched projectile having an rmature comprised of refractory metal washers, each of which being coated with a thin film of cathode emitter material. The low work function metal generated by the heat of arcing rises to the armature surface through the capillaries formed between the armature washers. The arc occuring between the rail of the electromagnetic launcher and the armature is lowered due to the formation of a low voltage metallic discharge. The reduced arc drop lowers the erosion rate on the rails which reduces the rail damage resulting in increased firing rate and longer rail life.