Abstract: An additive for improving the early resistance to driving rain of physically curing coating compositions based on aqueous acrylate dispersions, which have been adjusted to an alkaline pH, is characterized by a basically adjusted aqueous bees wax emulsion containing an aqueous dispersion and at least one representative of the group comprising 1,3-dihydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentane and esters thereof, butyl diglycol acetate and methoxypropanol as film-forming agents, as well as optionally a pigment and optionally an ammonium acrylate as pigment disperser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous based silicone protectant composition and method for treating various solid surfaces including, but not limited to, fiber-based products, leather, or other soft or hard surfaces to impart water and stain repellency. The protectant composition comprises an MQ resin, a polyorganosiloxane fluid, a silicone solvent and water. The aqueous silicone-based protectant composition is hydrophobic and substantially free of surfactants. The protectant composition can be applied directly or indirectly to a solid surface using various application devices including, but not limited to, spray, aerosol, wipes, sponges and pads.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fatty acid alkanolamides or polyolamides containing at least one group Y, where Y stands for CF3—(CH2)a—O—, SF5—, CF3—(CH2)a—S—, CF3CF2S—, [CF3—(CH2)a]2N— or [CF3—(CH2)a]NH—, where a stands for an integer selected from the range from 0 to 5, or formula (I), where Rf stands for CF3—(CH2)r—, CF3—(CH2)r—O—, CF3—(CH2)r—S—, CF3CF2—S—, SF5—(CH2)r— or (CH2)r]2N—, [CF3—(CH2)r]NH— or (CF3)2N—(CH2)r—, B stands for a single bond, O, NH, NR, CH2, C(O)—O, C(O), S, CH2—O, O—C(O), N—C(O), C(O)—N, O—C(O)—N, N—C(O)—N, O—SO2 or SO2—O, R stands for alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, b stands for 0 or 1 and c stands for 0 or 1, q stands for 0 or 1, where at least one radical from b and q stands for 1, and r stands for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, to processes for the preparation of these compounds, and to uses of these surface-active compounds.

Abstract: There is provided a surface-active material that comprises fibres which have been modified so as to impart surface-active properties onto said fibres and giving it a contact angle between 60° and 120°, wherein the fibres have an aspect ratio of more than 10 to 1,000. The surface-active material can be used for foam and emulsion formation and stabilisation, coatings, encapsulation and drug delivery. It can for example be used in the following industries: foods, home and personal care, oilfield, agriculture, textile, construction, emulsion polymerisation, leather, plastic, pulp, paper and pharma.

Abstract: PSAs having high shear stability are disclosed. The PSAs are obtained from an aqueous dispersion comprising an effective amount of surfactant mixture comprising at least one ionic surfactant comprising a plurality, preferably at least three, aromatic rings, at least one electronegative substituent selected from a mono valent oxy substituted sulfo anion, and/or a mono valent oxy substituted phospho anion, and optionally at least one substituent comprising one or more repeating alkoxy units (e.g. Soprophor 4D 384 and/or DPOS-45), and at least one non-ionic surfactant (e.g. Abex 2535) and a monomer composition comprising: at least one hydrophobic monomer (Component I), at least one hydrophilic monomer (Component II) at least one partially hydrophilic monomer (Component III). The dispersion forms PSAs which are sufficiently stable under high shear to be curtain coatable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic surface in a casting tool, particularly a surface located outside the contouring region, which is exposed to a liquid or free-flowing aluminum material, wherein on at least one ceramic surface a layer is present consisting of an infiltration layer, diffused into the ceramic surface, structural parts in the form of Al2O3 and/or SiO2 and/or ZrO2 and/or TiO2 and a polymer of one or more polymerized phosphates and at least in sections enclosing the primary parts, the structural parts, and the sliding parts. Moreover, the invention relates to a parting agent and a method for preparing a layer of this type.

Abstract: Process for making a solid compound by precipitation, using a high intensity mixing reactor and comprising the steps of (A) introducing a first fluid material containing a first reactant and a second fluid material containing a second reactant into said reactor, in order to obtain a mixed fluid, in order to cause the first reactant to react with the second reactant to form a solid compound by precipitation in the mixed fluid; (B) withdrawing the mixed fluid containing the precipitated solid obtained in step (A) from the reactor, and; (C) optionally separating the precipitated solid compound from at least one fraction of the mixed fluid.

Abstract: A method for performing a one-batch synthesis of a blend of nanoparticles and liquid polymer includes polymerizing a first monomer and optionally a second monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent to form the liquid polymer. The polymerization is terminated before completion with a quenching agent. Then a charge of polymerization initiator, and a mixture of multiple-vinyl aromatic monomer and mono-vinyl aromatic monomer are added. This causes further polymerization whereby nanoparticles are formed in situ having a core including the multiple-vinyl aromatic monomer, and a shell including the first monomer or the first monomer and the second monomer. Liquid polymer/nanoparticle blends resulting from the method and rubber compositions incorporating the blends are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for forming a coating on a substrate using a tribo-charging electrostatic fluidised bed process; characterised in that a powder coating is used which has a particle size distribution such that a) d(v,90)?42.5 ?m, and b) i) the percentage of particles <10 ?m in size is ?12% by volume, and/or ii) [d(s,90)÷d(s,10)]2?3.5, [d(s,90)?7] d(s,90) being greater than 7 ?m and d(s,90) and d(s,10) being measured in microns.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid preparation having a solid body content and the resulting liquid preparation. According to the method, the addition of at least a portion of the solid bodies takes place only (a) in the last stage of the method preceding the pouring of the liquid preparation into a packing unit or (b) during the pouring into a packing unit.

Abstract: A fixer includes an aqueous vehicle, and at least one film-forming material selected from amine copolymers, polyamines, alkyl phenols, polycarboxylates, carboxylated acrylic copolymers, dendrimers, silicone polymers, acrylic acid copolymers, polystyrene sulfonates, polyvinyl sulfonates, dehydroxanthan gum, celluloses, cyclodextrin polymers, polymers having a terminal hydrophobic hydrocarbon group, polymers having a polyalkylene oxide group linked to a urethanyl group via a polyoxyalkyl amine group, polymers having a polyalkylene oxide group linked to a urethanyl group via a quaternized polyoxyalkyl amine group, polymers having a polyalkylene oxide group linked to a urethanyl group via a quaternized polyamine, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Starch(es) and starch derivatives are combined together with at least one high-viscosity cellulose as a thickener in dispersion binder-based color systems. The cellulose has a viscosity of >50,000 mPa·s, measured by the Brookfield rotation viscometer as a 2% swollen aqueous solution at 5 rpm and 25° C. A method produces dispersion binder-based color systems and a dispersion color thickener combination and a dispersion color containing the dispersion color thickener combination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel thixotroping agents and coating materials containing the same as well as the production and use thereof, wherein the thixotroping agent comprises a layered silicate and an organically modified phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dispersants for dispersing a particulate solid for millbases, paints and inks. The present invention provides a composition containing a particulate solid, a polar organic medium and a compound or salts thereof for formula T-(A)m(B)n—X-Z-Q(0-p) wherein T is hydrogen or a polymerisation terminating group; A is the residue of a hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone thereof; B is the residue of an amino carboxylic acid; X is a direct bond or a divalent group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety which contains an acidic or basic group; Q is an optional residue of an oxide, urea or a dibasic acid or anhydride thereof; m and n are positive integers; and p represents the number of residual amino and/or imino groups in Z.

Abstract: A nanoparticle thin film is described. An article includes a substrate and the nanoparticle thin film that includes nanoparticles having an average size from 5 nm to 50 nm, at least one electroactive chemical, and at least one organic binder material. The electroactive chemical binds to the surface of the nanoparticles. Also described are dispersions and coating compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is ink for ink jet printing, which comprises: metal nanoparticles comprising a surfactant attached to surfaces thereof; and a first solvent, wherein the metal nanoparticles are present in an amount of 50˜70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ink, and the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.5˜5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles used in the ink and a method for preparing the metal nanoparticles are also disclosed. The method for preparing metal nanoparticles for use in ink for ink jet printing comprises a step of washing surplus surfactant with at least one solvent. By doing so, the surplus surfactant remaining on the surfaces of the metal nanoparticles can be minimized, resulting in a drop in viscosity of ink comprising the metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a renewable process for manufacturing ground and soil treatment compounds using plant by-products. The invention further relates to products of that process, including an anti-slip compound for use on snow- or ice-covered surfaces, and to a related fertilizer compound for improving plant growth. The described compounds primarily comprise organic by-products of timber processing operations. In addition, the invention relates to a renewable energy and resource process.

Abstract: Mixtures of isomeric dialkyl phthalates that have a desired viscosity are prepared by esterifying phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride with a mixture of isomeric alkyl alcohols having a certain carbon number of carbon atoms, where the molar fraction of each alkyl alcohol isomer of the isomeric alcohol mixture is determined, and where the viscosity parameter of each alkyl alcohol isomer of the alcohol mixture, which, upon reacting with phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride, results in a mixed isomer dialkyl phalate ester product having a specific desired viscosity, is determined in accordance with formula (I): ln(?)=??i*ln(?i) ??(I) where ?=the calculated viscosity of a dialkyl phthalate mixture, ?i=the molar fraction of an isomerically pure alcohol (i), and ?i=the viscosity parameter of isomerically pure alcohol (i).

Abstract: The invention provides an additive for heated asphalt that can further improve a peeling prevention effect between asphalt and aggregates. The invention relates to an additive which is added to heated asphalt containing a particular gallic acid ester with or combination of gallic acid and an alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a deproteinized natural rubber latex wherein coagulation of a rubber component does not occur when the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) is 0.01 mol/L or less and coagulation of the rubber component occurs when the concentration of Ca2+ is 0.1 mol/L or more; a method of preparing the deproteinized natural rubber latex, which comprises adding a protease and two or more surfactants having different coagulation properties to calcium ions (Ca2+) to a natural rubber latex and maturing the natural rubber latex; a rubber product using the deproteinized natural rubber latex; and a proteolytic agent comprising a protease and two or more surfactants.

Abstract: Materials for coating, coating compositions, methods and articles of manufacture comprising a nanoparticle system or employing the same to impart surface modifying benefits for all types of hard surfaces are disclosed. In some embodiments, dispersement of nanoparticles in a suitable carrier medium allows for the creation of coating compositions, methods and articles of manufacture that create multi-use benefits to modified hard surfaces. In some embodiments, actively curing the coating composition on the hard surfaces, including, but not limited to by radiative heating the air surrounding the hard surface with the coating thereon can be used to increase the durability of the hard surface coating.

Abstract: A method of applying a multi-component coating of a desired composition over a substrate includes providing a coating device in flow communication with a first coating component having a first rheological profile and at least one second coating component having a second rheological profile. The method further includes defining a desired ratio of the first and at least one second coating components to provide a coating of a desired composition, and selecting the rheological profiles of the first and at least one second coating components such that the coating components are supplied at a desired ratio.

Abstract: An additive composition than can be incorporated into asphalt materials to impart thereto multigrade characteristics. The additive is prepared by reacting together at least one saponifiable organic acid, at least one resin acid, at least one unsaturated organic compound, and an alkali metal base to form a reaction product. Water produced during the reaction is removed as the reaction proceeds. The resulting reaction product can be formed into a powder and combined together with asphalt materials to produce multigrade asphalts.

Abstract: An additive composition than can be incorporated into asphalt materials to impart thereto multigrade characteristics. The additive is prepared by reacting together at least one saponifiable organic acid, at least one resin acid, at least one unsaturated organic compound, and an alkali metal base to form a reaction product. Water produced during the reaction is removed as the reaction proceeds. The resulting reaction product can be formed into a powder and combined together with asphalt materials to produce multigrade asphalts.

Abstract: Hyperbranched compounds having a tetrafunctional central group of the general formula I C[—Aq—X—]m[—Ar—X—]n[—As—X—]o[—At—X—]p  (I), in which the indices and variables have the following meanings: m+n+o+p=4; where m=an integer from 1 to 3 and n, o and p=0 or an integer from 1 to 3; q,r,s and t=an integer from 1 to 5, where q>r, s and t; X=—O—, —S— or —NH—; A=—CR2—; where R=—H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —NO2, C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 haloalkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy radical or,  if q, r, s and/or t=at least 2, a C2-C4 alkanediyl and/or C2-C4 oxaalkanediyl radical which bridges 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and/or an oxygen atom —O—, which bridges 3 to 5 carbon atoms, of the radical —A—.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flowable slurry comprising mixing 25-70 wt. % water; an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of chlorosilicon manufacturing byproducts, direct process residue gels, cement kiln dust, and mixtures thereof; and a process aid selected from the group consisting of sucrose, raffinose, lignin, methylglucopyranoside, lactose, fructose, sodium polyphosphate, trehalose and mixtures thereof to form a flowable slurry. This slurry is especially useful in the manufacture of cement.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a titanium-containing aqueous solution by reacting a titanium alkoxide with water in the presence of at least one of ammonia, and amines selected from a primary amine, a secondary amine, and a tertiary amine, provided that when ammonia and/or the primary amine only is used, at least one selected from the group consisting of an &agr;-diketone, a &bgr;-diketone, an &agr; hydroxyketone and a carboxylic acid is used in combination.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition having improved block resistance which includes an emulsion polymer, a nonionic or anionic surfactant, the surfactant having an HLB value less than 11.6 or greater than 14.6, and an alkyl polyglycoside is provided. In addition a method for for improving the block resistance of a dried aqueous coating composition including forming the aqueous coating composition having improved block resistance, applying the aqueous coating composition to a substrate, and drying, or allowing to dry, the aqueous coating composition is provided.

Abstract: A thermally insulating coating system for curved and/or hardened glass panes includes at least one layer of noble metal enclosed by a lower and an upper blocker layer. An underoxidic NiCrOx layer with a thickness between one Å and two nm is embedded into the noble-metal layer. The advantage is that the optical qualities of the coating system are not influenced by the tempering and curving of the glass pane.

Abstract: A cationically polymerizable pigmented composition comprising (A) a cationically polymerizable binder component containing at least one resin or compound selected from the group consisting of (A-1) a cationically polymerizable acrylic resin consisting of a copolymer of (a) a (meth) acrylic ester monomer having C.sub.6-31 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, (b) a polymerizable unsaturated monomer containing a polymerizable unsaturated group and at least one cationically polymerizable moiety selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and an oxetane ring, and optionally (c) other polymerizable unsaturated monomer, and (A-2) a fatty acid-modified epoxy compound containing C.sub.6-32 aliphatic hydrocarbon group and epoxy group, (B) a cationic polymerization initiator initiating polymerization by irradiation or heating, and (C) a color pigment.

Abstract: Ink jet printer dispersion inks are provided which contain a dispersant having basic or acid groups and a non-destabilizing amount of a neutralizer for said groups. The inks exhibit improved non-wetting characteristics leading to lengthening of the duration of periods of continuous printing that can be achieved before cleaning or replacement of the nozzle plate of the ink jet print head is required.

Abstract: A color ink jet ink set for color printing; comprising(a) a first ink comprises a carrier and a bridged aluminum phthalocyanine pigment as a cyan colorant;(b) a second ink comprising a carrier and a quinacridone pigment as a magenta colorant;(c) a third ink comprising a carrier and a non-benzidine yellow pigment as a yellow colorant; and(d) at least one additional ink comprising a carrier and a colorant which is:(i) an orange colorant comprising a Naphthol AS, .beta.-Naphthol, diketopyrrolo-pyrrole or a disazopyrazolone pigment;(ii) a green colorant comprising a copper phthalocyanine green or a triarylcarbonium pigment; or(iii) a violet colorant comprising a quinacridone, triarylcarbonium, benzimidazolone, or a dioxazine pigment.

Abstract: A color ink jet ink set for color printing; comprising(a) a first ink comprising a carrier and a copper phthalocyanine pigment as a cyan colorant;(b) a second ink comprising a carrier and a quinacridone pigment as a magenta colorant; and(c) a third ink comprising a carrier and Pigment Yellow 155 as a yellow colorant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ink-jet ink compositions that comprise modified pigment particles (macromolecular chromophores) having functional groups covalently attached for water solubility and polymer chains covalently attached to the pigments. These pigmented inks have enhanced smearfastness, enhanced print quality, improved bleed control, and improved resistance to water when applied to the media. Moreover, these inks have good viscosity and surface tension. These inks are useful in ink-jet printing, including thermal ink jet printing, piezoelectric ink jet printing, and continuous ink jet printing.

Abstract: An ink/textile combination is provided wherein the ink contains an aqueous carrier and a pigment dispersion and the textile contains moieties selected from the group consisting of epoxy, hydroxyl, amine, amido, carboxyl moieties and mixtures thereof; wherein an interactive polymer is present in at least one of the ink or the textile and wherein the interactive polymer has at least one A monomer unit having active methylene groups and at least one B monomer unit selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, polymerizable vinyl monomers, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides, methacrylamides, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohols and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A removable ink composition comprising (A) at least one of a urethane resin and an acrylic resin and (B) a vehicle including as a main component one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, a styrene-maleic acid resin, a rosin-maleic acid resin and a phenol resin. A process for removing an ink composition from printed articles which comprises treating articles printed with this ink composition with an aqueous alkali solution. Prints of the ink composition on plastic films and plastic containers can be removed and decolorized in a short time by treating the ink composition with a dilute aqueous alkali solution having a concentration of 1 to 3%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable printing ink. The ink includes a polar suspending medium in which a plurality of polymer microspheres are suspended. At least one surfactant is dissolved in the suspending medium, and a monomer is positioned in the ink such that polymerization of the monomer after the application of the ink to a substrate will hold the microspheres in fixed relations to one another. The microspheres have a chemically associated coloring agent to provide the ink with color. The ink may include a polymerization initiator, such as a photoinitiator, to cause the film to polymerize upon the application of a form of energy, such as ultraviolet light. The invention also provides methods for making and using the ink, and for adding a coloring agent to a plurality of polymer microspheres.

Abstract: A hot-melt ink exhibiting good thermal storage properties comprises an amide resin having an amine value of 2 or less. The amide resin has preferably an acid value of 2 or greater.

Abstract: Provided is a water based ink having a metallic lustrous color for a ballpoint pen in which a metal powder pigment or aluminum powder and a complementary colorant (pigment or a colored water-insoluble polymer fine particles) are used as a colorant and further in addition to a thickener, a polar solvent and water, particularly a resin emulsion is used in combination to reduce the use amount of the thickener to thereby lower the viscosity. The ink is improved in follow-up property to be able to write continuously, develops a metallic color of a rainbow color on writing paper having a dark color and provides lines having water resistance and weatherability. The ink does not allow the metal powder and the pigment to settle and separate though the viscosity is low.

Abstract: A UV-curable ink jet composition comprises a polyfunctional alkoxylated or polyalkoxylated acrylate monomer (80% to 95% by weight), a photoinitiator (e.g. from 1 to 15% by weight) and preferably a colorant (e.g. 1% to 10% by weight).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation curable ink formulation which has a tan .delta. of from about 0.5 to about 1.5. The radiation curable ink formulation includes a pigment, a radiation cross-linkable monomer or oligomer, and a rheology modifier. Flat panel color filters which contain a black radiation curable ink formulation and one or more colored radiation curable ink formulations are also disclosed. At least one of the black and colored radiation curable ink formulations has a tan .delta. of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 and includes a pigment, a radiation cross-linkable monomer or oligomer, and a rheology modifier. Methods for manufacturing these flat panel color filters are also disclosed. The radiation curable ink formulations of the present invention have the advantage of permitting clean doctoring.

Abstract: An organic solvent-based piezo ink is disclosed having (a) pigment particles; (b) binder; (c) plasticizer; (d) organic solvent; (e) a fluorochemical surfactant; and (f) an antifoaming agent comprising silica and silicone oil. Optionally light and heat stabilizers are also included. Method of making and using this ink are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ink set for jet-printing is disclosed. The ink set comprises an ink liquid containing a colorant and a substantially colorless liquid composition containing an anionic metal oxide colloid, which are to be mixed with the ink liquid after jetted, wherein a viscosity A cp of the ink liquid, a viscosity B cp of the liquid composition and a viscosity C cp of a mixture of equal amount of the ink liquid and the liquid composition satisfy the following relations;.vertline.A-B.vertline..ltoreq.5, 1<A<10, 1<B<10, and C/A>5.

Abstract: A color image is printed onto a first substrate, which acts as an intermediate medium, using lithography, intaglio, gravure, relief printing or other printing process which uses plates. The image is subsequently transferred from the intermediate medium to a final substrate, which may be a textile of natural fabric, such as cotton.Bonding and/or crosslinking of the color images are provided by the reaction between compounds selected from each of two chemical groups. The first group comprises compounds with functional groups capable of reacting with active hydrogen, such as isocyanate or epoxy groups. The second group comprises compounds with functional groups containing active hydrogen, or compounds with functional groups containing active hydrogen after a conversion process. The functional groups of one or both reactive chemical groups are protected either by chemical blocking with blocking agents or by physical barrier such as encapsulating agents.

Abstract: A pigment-based ink composition is provided which employs a pigment precursor that is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent. Preferably, the ink composition is in the form of an aqueous, two-phase system wherein the pigment precursor is solubilized in a high boiling, water-insoluble organic compound. Optionally, a second high boiling compound miscible with both aqueous and organic phases and at least one amphiphile are also present.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fluid dispersion of at least one dibenzylidene sorbitol acetal derivative. The sorbitol acetal derivative is useful as a clarifying agent for polyolefins and the inventive fluid dispersion permits improvements in the handling and processing of and mixing within the polyolefin composition. The inventive dispersion must be shelf stable, retain its nucleating effects, be compatible with polypropylene (and other polyolefins), and possess both short-term and long-term viscosities which permit acceptable transport through a standard polyolefin-manufacturing peristaltic pump. The preferred inventive dispersion thus comprises 3,4-DMDBS and at least one ethoxylated nonionic surfactant having an HLB of greater than about 8.5. Preferred surfactants include those selected from the group consisting essentially of ethoxylated sorbitan (C.sub.8 -C.sub.22) monoesters and ethoxylated nonyl-phenol ethers.

Abstract: Provided is a water based ink having a metallic lustrous color using an aluminum powder for a ballpoint pen which does not allow a discharging amount to reduce and splitting to occur. This water based ink contains an aluminum paste prepared by wetting aluminum powder in advance with at least one solvent selected from glycol ethers and glycols, a thickener, a water-soluble organic solvent and water. Further, provided is a water based pigment ink having a metallic lustrous color for a ballpoint pen in which an aluminum powder and a pigment are used and which allows the colorant to provide a well developed metallic lustrous color and can be used to draw beautiful lines. This water based pigment ink contains an aluminum powder, a water-soluble organic solvent, a pigment, a thickener and a resin emulsion.

Abstract: An ink development process for the preparation of pigmented solid inks including the steps of preparing a mill base and preparing an ink from the mill base. The mill base contains a pigment, and a solvent or oil as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment. The mill base may contain a plasticizer. A hot melt pigmented ink is also provided.

Abstract: Compounds and ink compositions. An ink composition comprising a compound of Formula (1) and salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein Ch represents an arrangement of atoms which causes the compound to absorb electromagnetic radiation;R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently is a spacer group;Y is an interactive functional group;w and x each independently is 0 or an integer equal to or greater than 1; andm and n each independently is an integer equal to or greater than 1, provided that w and x are not both equal to zero and when one of w or x is 0 at least one of m and n is equal to or greater than 2. For use in ink jet printing and electrophotography.

Abstract: An ink jet ink composition and process for printing on vinyl substrates in which the ink comprises an aqueous vehicle containing at least water and a water-miscible glycol or glycol ether, wherein water constitutes no more than 80% by weight based on the total weight of the vehicle; an insoluble colorant (preferably a pigment); a polymeric dispersant; a silicon or fluorinated surfactant; and, optionally but preferably, a graft copolymer binder having a hydrophobic backbone and non-ionic, hydrophilic side chains, which binder is soluble in the aqueous vehicle but insoluble in water.