Abstract: An asbestos replacement is disclosed which includes water retention agents and finely divided mineral clays with high moisture retention capabilities. Combining the aforementioned ingredients in the correct proportions yields properties as those of asbestos when used in cementitious mortar compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a liquid slurry of bentonite which comprises the steps of charging a reactor vessel with between about 25 to about 75% of water by weight. The water is heated to a temperature range between about 50.degree. C. to about 95.degree. C. The reactor vessel is charged with between about 0, 1 and about 10% of sodium salt of silicic acid by weight and with between about 15 to about 35% of bentonite by weight. The reactor vessel is also charged with between about 10 to about 30% of a polyacrylate by weight.

Abstract: Organically modified clays are advantageously prepared in a direct addition, low moisture process by mixing clay, a cationic, organic material, and an optional dispersant under high pressure conditions such that the cationic organic compound substitutes for inorganic cations in the clay. Processing is preferably carried out in several separate stages under pressure conditions of at least 3,000 psi, and it is preferred that at least one of the processing stages takes place at a pressure of at least 8,000 psi.

Abstract: Sodium alumino-silicates are produced by silicate/clay reactions under hydrothermal conditions with increased solids during processing while still producing structural materials characterized by low oil absorption values, high total pore volume and increased differential pore volumes. The products are useful as coating pigments for paper and paperboard, paper fillers, paint pigments and as reinforcing pigments for rubber.

Abstract: This invention involves a method of optically whitening clay minerals to transform their natural yellow tint to increased whiteness. Generally, it has been found that clay materials having low cation exchange capability can be directly reacted with very small amounts of cationic dyes, the apparent whiteness of said clay minerals being substantially increased thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a freely flowable, soil conditioner consisting of a granular perlite with a coating on the externally accessible surface of the perlite grains of unfired clay. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the soil conditioner in which a clay slurry is sprayed onto the perlite grains.

Abstract: A low brightness pigment and method is provided from a heretofore rejected waste kaolin stream. Kaolin processing rejects are high in iron-stained TiO.sub.2. After separating the stained TiO.sub.2 from the high brightness kaolin and concentrating the resulting fraction, the material can be processed to produce a low brightness pigment suitable of many applications where lower brightness is desirable, such as coating paper board without mottling.

Abstract: A slurry composition is described, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a raw mineral material for white ware and/or a raw mineral material for advanced ceramics, from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a re-dispersible resin powder, and water. A shaping using the slurry composition and a fired body are also described.

Abstract: A composite particulate pigmentary material is disclosed which comprises an association of at least two chemically distinct materials in which the particles of one material carry a positive surface charge and the particles of the second material carry a negative surface charge and particles are held in association as a result of these surface charges. Also disclosed is a method for preparing composite particulate pigmentary material comprising forming aqueous dispersions of two particulate materials under conditions in which the surface charges of the particles of the two materials are of different signs and mixing the dispersions. Typical materials useful for preparing the composite include inorganic pigments, fillers and extenders and organic polymeric microspheres. The product is useful as a pigment in, for example, paints, inks, paper and plastics.

Abstract: A composition for fixing water-color ink for fixing a water-color ink is disclosed. The composition for fixing a water-color ink contains an ion exchanger, such as, a clay based interlayer compound or an ion-exchange resin. The composition for fixing water-color ink contains a water absorptive resin or a heat-melting resin as a binder. A cover film for thermal transfer is formed by forming a water-color ink fixing layer consisting of the composition for fixing water-color ink peelably on a base material. An adhesive layer or a heat-melting resin layer is formed on the water-color ink fixing layer. The cover film for thermal transfer image is superposed and thermo-compression bonded onto a thermal transfer image or a thermal transfer image having a protective layer, with the water-color ink fixing layer, the adhesive layer or the heat-melting resin layer facing the thermal transfer image or the thermal transfer image having the protective layer.

Abstract: A stable high solids structured clay slurry is manufactured by a process which comprises the sequential steps of forming a high solids slurry by mixing a structured clay material with water in a first stage mixing step under conditions which promote particle to liquid contact and which substantially prevent interaction between the structured clay particles, terminating the first stage mixing and then, in a second stage mixing step, mixing the high solids slurry under conditions which are different from the first stage mixing conditions and which promote substantial interaction between the structured clay particles.

Abstract: A method for preparing high solids suspensions of calcined clay which are stable without the necessity of adding a colloidal thickening agent and have minimal dilatancy. A calcined kaolin clay pigment, substantially free of anionic dispersant, is dispersed in water by addition of alkali to provide a neutral to mildly alkaline aqueous slurry. To the dispersed slurry, a water-soluble cationic organic polymer is added in minor amounts, to partially flocculate and thicken the slurry, thereby stabilizing the slurry against sedimentation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates obtained by the reaction of a phyllosilicate, which is completely delaminated colloidally in water and is capable of cation exchange, with an organic onium salt in aqueous suspension and subsequent mechanical removal of the water, without drying by heating, as a rheological additive in organic media.The water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates are particularly suitable for coating paper.

Abstract: A pigment composition includes a pigment extender which optionally contains a pigment, and further includes a non-hydrogenated phospholipid material, such as non-hydrogenated lecithin, and a surface modifying agent. Suitable modifying agents are selected from fatty acids, fatty acid esters or fatty acid triglycerides, silicones and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A liquid slurry of bentonite which comprises bentonite, water, a polyacrylate, and a sodium salt of silicic acid. Optionally, a sulfonate is present in an amount of between about 10 to about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A composition for plugging wells that is biodegradable and environmentally safe comprising bentonite particles coated with a water soluble coating of biodegradable natural resin, such as certified three pound Confectioners White Lac Glaze in Specially Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (SDA) Formula 35A, 190 proof. The bentonite may be in the form of chips or compressed pellets. When exposed to water, the soluble coating dissolves at a uniform rate, exposing the bentonite to water whereupon it expands to form a tough but flexible water impermeable seal of a semi-solid, gel-like mass.

Abstract: A soil substitute material includes from about 2 to about 9 parts by weight of crushed brick; from about 5 to about 25 parts by weight of a filler material; from about 60 to about 90 parts by weight of raw clay; and, from about 0 to about 3 parts by weight of a hydrating material. The material is compacted at from about 3500 to about 5000 pounds per square inch. A method of preparing a soil substitute includes admixing the components with from about 5 to about 18 parts by weight of water and compressing the hydrated mixture at from about 3500 to about 5000 pounds per square inch.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a aggregated composite pigment having desired physical and optical characteristics when used as a coating, filler or pigment in paper. The aggregated pigment is produced by contacting a substantially dry fine particle size mixture of kaolin and one or more additional feed minerals with a previously hydrolyzed organic silicon compound, such as hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, and then recovering the aggregated composite pigment.

Abstract: A novel organophilic clay gellant comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of natural clay without impurities;(b) a first organic cation in an amount of from about 75% to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite clay;(c) a second organic cation provided by a polyalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt; and(d) one or more organic anion(s) that is capable of reacting with said first and second organic cations, to form an organic cation-organic anion complex with said smectite clay.The organophilic clay gellant is used in a non-aqueous fluid system such as paints, inks, and coatings to provide improved theological properties.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry of smectite clay of elevated solids content, comprising an aqueous solution or emulsion of from about 0.5 to about 13% by weight of said slurry of a salt of a low molecular weight amine salt, in which is dispersed from about 10 to 47% by weight of the slurry, of a smectite clay. The amine salt is effective to prevent the smectite from swelling appreciably, whereby the slurry can be shipped and stored without creating a gelling problem. The inhibiting or suppressing effect of the amine salt on the swelling of the clay and on gelling of the slurry is reversible upon subsequent dilution with water, thereby facilitating use of the smectite in typical applications, e.g. as a retention aid in paper making, or as a viscosifier.

Abstract: This invention relates to modifying the surface of particles for improved dispersion characteristics in aqueous, solvent, resinous, polymeric, cementitious or the like application systems. In particular, this invention relates to a pigment or filler particle whose surface is coated with at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent, which has improved dispersibility, coloring, handling, and other processing properties in application systems. The electric charge modifying agent may be selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Al. The dispersion promoting agent may be selected from the group of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, polyacrylics, polyepoxies, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes and polypropylenes, and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids. Iron oxide is the preferred pigment particle.

Abstract: A low brightness pigment and method is provided from a heretofore rejected waste kaolin stream. Kaolin processing rejects are high in iron-stained TiO.sub.2. After separating the stained TiO.sub.2 from the high brightness kaolin and concentrating the resulting fraction, the material can be processed to produce a low brightness pigment suitable of many applications where lower brightness is desirable, such as coating paper board without mottling.

Abstract: A melanin-coated pigment obtained by coating a carrier with a readily alkali-soluble natural melanin, and a cosmetic containing the pigment are provided. The melanin-coated pigment is highly safe and has high coloring and high saturation tone, and a cosmetic which contains it is also expected to have ultraviolet-ray-absorbing and anti-oxidizing effects.

Abstract: A water base paint composition containing a mica-containing pigment(s), said composition comprising a water base paint containing a water soluble or water dispersion film-forming polymer selected from among acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin and polyurethane resin, a cross-linking agent and optional additives such as pigments, thickeners, fillers, etc., wherein a mica-containing pigment(s) comprised of mica flakes or metal-oxide-coated mica flakes with a surface acid content of 0-10 micromol/g, a surface base content of 0-30 micromol/g and a heat of water wetting of 0-1.5 J/g, the surface of which pigment being uniformly coated with melamine resin which has at least one triazine ring per molecule, is uniformly dispersed in said water base paint.

Abstract: Colored crystalline alumophosphates and/or silicoalumophsophates of the AEL or VFI type useful as dyes, optical elements and as adsorbents have the following X-ray diffraction diagram:______________________________________ Interplanar spacing Relative intensity d(A) I/I.sub.o .times. 100 ______________________________________ 10.91 .+-. 0.1 26 .+-. 10 9.19 .+-. 0.1 41 .+-. 10 6.79 .+-. 0.05 16 .+-. 10 5.57 .+-. 0.05 52 .+-. 10 4.39 .+-. 0.05 39 .+-. 10 4.18 .+-. 0.05 71 .+-. 10 4.09 .+-. 0.05 33 .+-. 10 3.98 .+-. 0.05 57 .+-. 10 3.86 .+-. 0.05 68 .+-. 10 3.81 .+-. 0.05 100 ______________________________________and a composition described by the following formula:a quinizarin.b Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.c P.sub.2 O.sub.5.d SiO.sub.2where a is from 0.05 to 2, b and c are each from 8 to 12, and d is from 0 to 4.

Abstract: Organoclays made from smectite-type clays are described as rheological additives for clear systems including clear coat paints, lacquers, varnishes and personal care products. Such additives impart desirable properties to such systems and do not adversely impact the desired properties of clarity and transparency required in such systems.

Abstract: Separation of impurities from kaolin clay is accomplished by conditioning a dispersed aqueous pulp of the clay with an anionic flotation collector, followed by centrifugation or the like to cause the impurities to settle from a dispersed pulp of the clay without an intermediate froth flotation step or a flotation waste froth is centrifuged or hydrocloned to recover valuable kaolin contained in the froth.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for stabilizing glutaraldehyde in aqueous systems is disclosed. The method of the invention comprises the addition of an oxidizer to the aqueous system so as to prevent the undesired conversion of glutaraldehyde to non-biocidal products.

Abstract: A method for the production of powder of fine inorganic particles excellent in dispersibility in various solvents from a slurry of said fine inorganic particles containing water, which method comprises preparing a slurry as a raw material by incorporating in said slurry at least one orgaic compound selected from the group consisting of (A) methanol and (B) organic compound capable of dissolving of dissolving water in an amount of not less than 1.0% by weight at 20.degree. C. and forming a two-component azeotropic mixture of water and organic compounds having a water content of not less than 4.0% by weight and converting said prepared slurry into powder by the use of a powderization apparatus comprising an externally heatable pipe one end of which serves as a slurry inlet and the other end of which serves as a device for separating the produced powder and a vapor held in a vacuum state and a powder and a powder collecting chamber connected to said separating device.

Abstract: An organically modified clay is manufactured by a process wherein a clay having an exchangeable, cationic species therein is combined with a cationic organic material, subjected to a high confining pressure and mixed while under pressure so as to promote an ion exchange reaction whereby the cationic species is incorporated into the clay.

Abstract: Platy pigments with good tactile characteristics are obtained by treating such pigments with a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## where m is an even number from 8 to 18 and n is 3 or 4 under defined conditions. N.epsilon.-lauroyl lysine is preferred. The pigments are especially useful in cosmetic compositions such as eye shadow.

Abstract: A trace amount of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin is incorporated with an abrasive pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or is applied to dry pigment to reduce the abrasivity of the pigment. The treated pigment can be employed in the manufacture of filled and coated paper.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paper coating composition comprising, in aqueous suspension, an adhesive and a treated paper coating pigment prepared by the following process:(i) suspending a paper coating pigment in water to form a suspension containing at least 5% by weight of the pigment, the pH being adjusted, if necessary, to lie below 7.5;(ii) mixing with the suspension formed in step (i) a water-soluble organic compound having a plurality of primary and/or secondary amine groups and a number average molecular weight not greater than 1000; and(iii) at least partially dewatering the mixed suspension resulting from step (ii) to form a dewatered suspension of a treated paper coating pigment containing not more than about 30% by weight water;characterized in that the water soluble organic compound is added in step (ii) in an amount sufficient to decrease the 5 poise viscosity concentration of an aqueous suspension of the treated pigment relative to that obtained with the untreated pigment.

Abstract: Separation of impurities from kaolin clay is accomplished by conditioning a dispersed aqueous pulp of the clay with an anionic flotation collector, followed by centrifugation or hydrocloning to cause the impurities to settle from a dispersed pulp of the clay without an intermediate froth flotation step or a flotation waste froth is centrifuged or hydrocloned to recover valuable kaolin contained in the froth.

Abstract: A method for incorporating diverse Varieties of intercalants or templates directly during hydrothermal synthesis of clays such as hectorite or montmorillonite-type layer-silicate clays. For a hectorite layer-silicate clay, refluxing a gel of silica sol, magnesium hydroxide sol and lithium fluoride for two days in the presence of an organic or organometallic intercalant or template results in crystalline products containing either (a) organic dye molecules such as ethyl violet and methyl green, (b) dye molecules such as alcian blue that are based on a Cu(II)-phthalocyannine complex, or (c) transition metal complexes such as Ru(II)phenanthroline and Co(III)sepulchrate or (d) water-soluble porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. Montmorillonite-type clays are made by the method taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,454 issued to Hickson, Jun. 13, 1975; however, a variety of intercalants or templates may be introduced.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a aggregated kaolin pigment having desired physical and optical characteristics when used as a coating, filler or pigment in paper. The aggregated pigment is produced by contacting a substantially dry fine particle size kaolin with a previously hydrolyzed organic silicon compound, such as hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, and then recovering the aggregated kaolin pigment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous fine dispersion of an organophilic sheet silicate which is composed of a sheet silicate which is capable of cation exchange and of a quaternary organic onium salt reacted therewith, and contains 3 to 30% by weight, based on the organophilic sheet silicate, of polyvinyl alcohol. This fine dispersion is suitable as coating composition for paper and board and as lubricant additive for conventional coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple inexpensive means to decrease the abrasivity of abrasive pigments such as calcined kaolin and titania. In accordance with this invention, a trace of a nonionic and/or anionic surfactant is incorporated with abrasion pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or to dry pigment.

Abstract: A method for dispersing a comminuted solid in an aqueous medium is described. An aqueous dispersing agent is added to an aqueous medium in an amount sufficient to disperse the comminuted solid in the aqueous medium. The aqueous dispersing agent includes from about 10 wt. % to about 55 wt. % of an amine compound selected from the group consisting of alkanolamines, triethylamine and morpholine, from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % chelating agent.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a aggregated kaolin pigment having desired physical and optical characteristics when used as a coating, filler or pigment in paper. The aggregated pigment is produced by mixing an aqueous slurry of a fine particle kaolin with a previously hydrolyzed organic silicon compound, such as hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, and then spray drying the mixture to form a dry, chemically aggregated kaolin pigment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple inexpensive means to decrease the abrasivity of abrasive pigments such as calcined kaolin and titania. In accordance with this invention, a trace of a nonionic surfactant of the general formula ##STR1## is incorporated with abrasive pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or to dry pigment.

Abstract: A chemical process is described for removing ferric iron present in submarginal quantities in concentrates of kaolin, quartz, titanium minerals, ceramic minerals for glass, paper and electronics use and other materials of industrial interest by which ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron using acid solutions, possibly in the presence of low concentrations of sugars containing 5 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sodium Aluminosilicates (SAMS) are produced by silicate/clay reactions under hydrothermal conditions, the SAMS being characterized by low oil absorption values and high total pore volumes. The SAMS products are useful as coating pigments for paper, paper fillers and paint pigments.

Abstract: Fillers and pigments, such as clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicas, and silicoaluminates, can be rendered cationic by treating the fillers or pigments with the reaction product of a polyamine or polyamide and epichlorohydrin. The resulting water soluble cationic fillers or pigments are useful in the paper industry as fillers for paper and can also be utilized in coating paper.

Abstract: High performance synthetic sodium aluminosilicate compositions, and the method of making the same by the hydrothermal reaction of certain delaminated kaolin clays with select sodium silicate reagents, result in enhanced performance flatting agents for paint systems and anti-block agents for plastic film applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display composition which comprises a dye and a clay mineral in which quaternary ammonium ions are bound between layers through ion exchange, said display composition undergoing reversible color development and color fading through the oxidation and reduction of said dye, the oxidation causing said dye to form a color and to be bound between the layers of said clay mineral through ion exchange with said quaternary ammonium ions, the reduction causing the dye to discolor and to be desorbed out of the interlaminar space of the clay mineral and also causing the quaternary ammonium ions to be bound again between the layers through ion exchange. Disclosed also herein are a coloring pigment and recording material which employ the display composition.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing high brightness kaolin from ore containing silica, other types of clays, minerals such as ilmenite micas, feldspars and various metal silicates as well as organic matter. The process consists of sizing, a double floatation step, magnetic separation, leaching and oxidative brightening steps. This is a novel combination of conventional unit operations and in particular the use of a double floatation step to remove quartz and various trace minerals that interfere with achieving high optical brightness for kaolin.

Abstract: Dispersibility of extender pigments in ink formulations is improved by using as the extender pigment, a quaternary ammonium treated kaolin clay.

Abstract: A method for producing a low abrasion calcined kaolin pigment which comprises forming an aqueous pulp of crude kaolin dispersing the pulp by adding thereto sufficient water-soluble organic cationic dispersant to impart a positive zeta potential to said particles and, preferably, an acidic pH to said pulp, removing coarse particles from said dispersed pulp and fractionating the dispersed pulp to separate a fine particle size fraction of mineral particles from coarser particles. The fine particle size fraction is dried, pulverized, calcined and repulverized.

Abstract: In the process for preparing an organoclay by reacting a smectite-type clay with a higher alkyl-containing quaternary ammonium compound, the gelling properties of the organoclay are enhanced by reducing the average particle size of the clay prior to the reaction thereof with the quaternary ammonium compound.