Abstract: An inorganic binder composition has a first constituent which is a poly(sialate) or a poly(sialate-siloxo) admixed with a second constituent which has one or more of: fly ash F, fly ash C, fumed silica, Al2O3, pozzolan, ground slag, nepheline syenite, anhydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous sodium hydroxide, silicic acid, potassium salt, and sodium salt. The binder is used to recycle and reuse revert materials from metal smelting operations.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that include a method of cementing comprising providing a cement composition comprising water, a hydraulic cement, and an additive comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a stevia retarder and inulin; placing the cement composition in a subterranean formation; and permitting the cement composition to set in the formation.

Abstract: The present invention is a fly ash filler or filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes that can be combined with a polymer at higher filler loadings to produce a filled polymer for polymer composites that, in many cases, can produce improved mechanical properties for the polymer composites over polymer composites using conventional fillers. As a result, superior polymer composites (e.g. those used in carpet backing) can be produced at a lower cost than conventional polymer composites. The present invention also includes a method for producing a polymer composite, comprising the steps of combining a polymer with a fly ash filler or a filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes to produce a filled polymer and producing a polymer composite with the resulting filled polymer. The present invention further includes a method of determining what fly ashes can be used as fillers for polymer composites.

Abstract: A concrete obtained through mixing a composition comprising the following constituents: a) 21 to 27% of a hydraulic binder, b) 52 to 68% of aggregate particles having a size of between 0.02 mm and 5 mm, c) 2 to 6% of pozzolanic reaction particles having a particle size of between 0.1 and 1 micron, d) up to 10% of filler having a particle size between 10 and 200 microns, e) 0.32 to 1.6% of a dispersant, f) 0.1 to 1.2% of fibres, g) 0.02 to 0.1% of a defoamer agent, and h) 7 to 10% of water, each percentage being the percentage by weight of the respective constituent relative to the sum of the weights of constituents a) to h). The concrete obtained is particularly suitable for polished flooring overlay.

Abstract: Cementitious compositions and processes for preparing and using the cementitious compositions are provided. The cementitious compositions are characterized by the property of a reduced or an attenuated water vapor emission of a hardened concrete formed therefrom.

Abstract: Cement compositions containing biowaste ash and methods of cementing in subterranean formations using such cement compositions. Examples of suitable biowaste ash include agricultural waste ash, municipal waste ash, waste-water treatment waste ash, animal waste ash, non-human-non-animal industrial waste ash, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore comprising preparing a composition comprising a calcium aluminate cement, water, a polyphosphate, a pozzolan, and a set retarding agent, wherein the set retarding agent comprises an alkali halide and a basic phosphate salt, placing the composition in the wellbore and allowing the composition to set. A composition comprising a calcium aluminate cement in an amount of from about 30 wt. % to about 60 wt. % and a set retarding agent in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % based upon the total weight of the composition, wherein the set retarding agent comprises an alkali halide and a basic phosphate salt in a ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3.

Abstract: Compositions for fabricating architectural works wherein the compositions utilize one or more cement materials, additives, fibers and recycled glass. Exemplary cement materials include Portland cement, calcium aluminate, fly ash and/or E glass. Exemplary additives include boric acid, citric acid, lithium, plasticizer and/or methylcellulose ethers. Exemplary fibers include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and/or micro-fibers. Crushed recycled glass is used as an aggregate or non-reactive material. Other ingredients may be used including: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and hydrated lime to alter the PH; ferrous sulfate, mono-potassium phosphate, or manganese carbonate and magnesium sulfate as color enhancements; and/or pozzolans (Vcas) to neutralize the ASR efflorescence.

Abstract: A high early strength pozzolan cement includes larger sized pozzolan particles blended with smaller sized hydraulic cement particles containing tricalcium silicate and/or dicalcium silicate (e.g., Portland cement). Excess calcium release from the hydraulic cement when mixed with water forms calcium hydroxide available for reaction with the pozzolan. The fineness of the hydraulic cement particles is substantially greater than the fineness of the pozzolan particles (e.g., about 1.25 to about 50 times greater). Reducing or eliminating coarse hydraulic cement particles that cannot fully hydrate but include unreacted cores reduces or eliminates wasted cement normally found in concrete. Replacing some or all of the coarse cement particles with pozzolan particles provides a pozzolan cement composition having significantly lower water demand compared to the hydraulic cement by itself.

Abstract: Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions, and methods for making and using the same, are provided. Aspects of the reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions include CO2-sequestering carbonate compounds, which may be present in the hydraulic cement and/or aggregate components of the concrete. The reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: The sealing agent for waterproof barriers in the form of a clay and cement suspension made of polymineral clays, characterized by the fact that it contains 3-15% parts by weight of cement, up to 65% parts by weight of fly-ash and/or rock dust of similar granulation, and 30-60% parts by weight, or better up to 50% parts by weight, of water suspension of clay, heavy or loamy.

Abstract: A construction composition includes: an ash in an amount of 90.0-99.9 wt. %, based on the total weight of the construction composition, wherein the ash is fly ash or bottom ash; an additive composition in an amount of 0.1-10.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the construction composition, wherein the additive composition includes a component from group (2a) and a component from group (2b), wherein group (2a) consists of metal chlorides and wherein group (2b) consists of silica, zeolite and apatite, and wherein group (2a) includes 70.0-99.0 wt. % of the total additive composition and group (2b) comprises 1.0-30.0 wt. % of the total additive composition; and cement, in an amount of 0.0-5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the construction composition. With this composition, fly ash can be used as construction material, having properties comparable or better than concrete.

Abstract: This invention is a fiber reinforced cement composition comprising the following raw materials: a hydraulic inorganic material, a siliceous material, and a woody reinforcement wherein the siliceous material is a mixture of an average particle size of not less than 15 um and not more than 50 um which is burned ash of coal and/or rhyolite and an average particle size of not less than 1 um and not more than 15 um which is burned ash of coal and/or rhyolite.

Abstract: A CO2 control device and method for capturing CO2 from fluid flow, including: a flow-through apparatus and an CO2 absorbing filter treated with an alkaline material which is housed within the flow-through apparatus. The flow-through apparatus receives fluid flow and the CO2 from the fluid flow is absorbed by the CO2 absorbing filter. The absorbed CO2 is converted into CaCO3 which is combined with volcanic ash to form a useful cement material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.

Abstract: A lightweight structural concrete with screw-ability and nail-ability similar to wood is composed of a non-structural and ultra lightweight aggregate such as expanded perlite or a combination of expanded perlite and polystyrene beads of a particular size distribution and volume amount, entrained air cells of another specific size distribution and volume amount, and dense cementitious composition of a cement binder, a fine grade structural filler no larger than concrete sand grade, a pozzolan, and optional micro-fibers for reinforcement. This structural concrete matrix is optimized to hold 13 gauge T-nails and bugle head wood screws with thread ranging from 8 to 11 threads per inch and diameter of 0.10? to 0.137?. The resulting concrete will have consistent screw-ability and nail-ability similar to that of wood.

Abstract: A high early strength pozzolan cement includes larger sized pozzolan particles and smaller sized hydraulic cement particles which contain tricalcium silicate (e.g., Portland cement). Particles larger than 10 ?m are predominantly (50%, 65%, 75%, 85% or 95%) pozzolan particles, and particles smaller than 10 ?m are predominantly (50%, 65%, 75%, 85% or 95%) hydraulic cement particles. Excess calcium from the hydraulic cement forms calcium hydroxide available for reaction with the pozzolan particles, optionally in combination with supplemental lime. At least 30%, 40%, 45%, 55%, 65% or 75% of the pozzolan cement (combined pozzolan and hydraulic cement particles) consists of pozzolan, and less than 70%, 60%, 55%, 45%, 35% or 25% consists of hydraulic cement.

Abstract: Rapid repair and retrofit of existing infrastructures demand durable high early strength materials that not only deliver sufficient strength within a few hours of placement but also significantly prolong the maintenance interval. The invention comprises a class of newly developed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced high early strength engineered cementitious composites (ECC) materials featuring extraordinary ductility. The tailoring of preexisting flaw size distribution through non-matrix interactive crack initiators in the composite matrix results in high tensile ductility. The resulting high early strength ECC materials are capable of delivering a compressive strength of 21 MPa (3.0 ksi) within 4 hours after placement and retaining long-term tensile strain capacity above 2%.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing materials containing binder systems derived from amorphous silica and bases as well as the materials prepared by the method. Relative to known methods, the present invention allows for a continuous production of material as the two components of the binder are brought onto into contact where the binder system is to be applied. The product achieved by the invention has a broad range of applications, such as for construction materials, insulating materials, fire proof materials, reinforcement materials etc. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing materials containing binder systems derived from amorphous inorganic material and bases as well as the materials prepared by the method.

Abstract: Mercury adsorbed from combustion gas by activated carbon can be sequestered in concrete containing air entraining admixtures. The activated carbon may be made by providing a carbon char made from anthracite or low-volatile bituminous coal that was devolatilized and carbonized in an oxygen-depleted environment and activating this char in the presence of steam to provide an activated carbon with an acid blue 80 index of less than about 30 milligrams per gram of carbon. The activated carbon may also be made by providing a carbon char that was devolatilized and carbonized in an oxygen-depleted environment and activating this char in the presence of oxygen to provide an activated carbon. The carbon may be injected into a combustion gas stream containing fly ash and mercury and may then be removed with fly ash from the gas stream. The resulting composition may be used as a partial substitute for cement in air-entrained concretes.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing IBA and a second, silicoaluminous material having a calcium content less than the IBA. The method further comprises agglomerating the mixture, such as by pelletizing, and pyroprocessing the agglomerates, such as by sintering or vitrification, to form the aggregate. The second material may be a clay, such as bentonite or kaolin, a mining waste, such as granite sawing residues, waste glass, or furnace bottom ash, for example. The addition of the second material has been found to facilitate production of lightweight and normal weight aggregates. Preferably, the IBA or the mixture of IBA and the second material are wet milled prior to agglomeration. A lightweight sintered aggregate comprising IBA and the second material and an aggregate comprising IBA and the second material are also disclosed.

Abstract: An industrial waste byproduct from a titanium metal or a titanium dioxide production process can be utilized as a partial cement replacement. In some embodiments, the byproduct can comprise a byproduct from the production of titanium dioxide pigment from a sulphate process or from a chloride process. The cement can be used to make concrete and other cementitious material products for structural and non-structural uses, for example, grout, mortar, gunite, stucco, masonry, decorative stonework, bricks, blocks, roof tiles, floor tiles, cobblestones, pavers, combinations thereof, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to different compounds of Portland cement to which textured pozzolans are added, said compounds being obtained by known physical atomisation, palletisation, granulation treatments or a combination of same, generating changes in the primitive global morphology of the compounds. These texturing processes enable special agglomerates having different morphologies to be obtained: combination of a core of a defined material and a homogeneous layer which covers said core, improving the properties of the solid core constituent and facilitating the subsequent processing thereof, that is resisting the transformation of the solid aggregate from the moment of its genesis to the mixture and compaction thereof with the original cement, in order to obtain an optimum hardening speed. This type of textured granule reduces the immediate efficacy of the pozzolana, slowing down the reactions and enabling same to last longer with greater efficacy.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ? reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ? reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ? increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ? increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; ? decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ? make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A mineral, aluminum-blown insulation element, in particular insulation slab, comprising calcium silicate hydrates as framework and blown pores surrounded by the framework, wherein more than 40% by volume, in particular more than 50% by volume, of the blown pores have a diameter of less than 1 mm and more than 75% by volume, in particular more than 85% by volume, of the blown pores have a diameter of less than 2 mm and the thermal conductivity ?10dr is preferably less than 0.045 W/mK.

Abstract: A mixture, comprising of fly ash and an emulsion, where said emulsion is mixed with said fly ash in a range of 5% to 50% of fly ash per an area of a square yard and 0.5 gallons to 2.5 gallons per square yard of the emulsion to said area.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced cement composition comprising the following raw materials: not less than 25% by mass and not more than 45% by mass of a hydraulic inorganic material; not less than 50% by mass and not more than 65% by mass of a siliceous material; not less than 5% by mass and not more than 12% by mass of woody reinforcement; not less than 0.25% by mass and not more than 1.5% by mass of a water soluble resin, wherein the hydraulic inorganic material is a Portland cement, the siliceous material is an amorphous material selected from the group consisting of fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag, perlite powder, glass powder, and mixtures thereof; the woody reinforcement is needle-leaves-tree unbleached kraft pulp and/or needle-leaves-tree bleached kraft pulp and used newspaper, and the water soluble resin is a polyvinyl alcohol resin.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods for making cement compositions are provided. The cement compositions can comprise at least one oxide having a particle size of less than about 600 nm.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods of cementing in subterranean formations using cement kiln dust in compositions having reduced Portland cement content. An embodiment of a method comprises placing a sealant composition that comprises cement kiln dust and is essentially free of Portland cement in a subterranean formation; and allowing the sealant composition to set.

Abstract: A cementitious veneer and laminate composition is provided. The cementitious laminate composition includes a substrate, a primer layer applied to the substrate, the primer layer comprising a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol catalyst, Portland cement, and sand; and a cementitious veneer layer applied to the primer layer, the veneer layer comprising a mixture of magnesium sulfate, filler, magnesium oxide, gypsum cement, and polyvinyl alcohol catalyst. The polyvinyl alcohol catalyst comprises a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol fibers dissolved in water and mixed with butylene carbonate. The veneer layer is applied to the substrate and primer layer by means including spraying and manual spreading. The veneer layer can be ornamentally manipulated either before or after curing of the veneer layer. The veneer composition can be formed into laminated tiles or panels for use in building applications.

Abstract: A manufactured item for the building industry is disclosed, made mainly of bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of RDF and of one or more binders. Such manufactured item may have the shape of small bricks, bricks, blocks, small blocks, kerbs, interlocking paving blocks, panels, tiles, prefabricated slabs, beams, elements for walls, modular building elements, indoor and outdoor cladding elements, blocks, rocks, supports. Moreover, a process for the manufacture of an item for the building industry is disclosed, from bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of FDR wherein the ash and/or debris undergo an oxidation process of the amphoteric metals and mixed with a binder.

Abstract: A lightweight structural concrete with screw-ability and nail-ability similar to wood is composed of non-structural and ultra lightweight aggregate such as expanded perlite of a particular size distribution and amount, entrained air cells of another specific size distribution and amount, and dense cementitious composition of a cement binder, a fine grade structural filler no larger than masonry sand grade, a pozzolan, and optional micro-fibers for reinforcement. This structural concrete matrix is optimized to hold 13 gauge T-nails and bugle head wood screws with thread ranging from 8 to 11 threads per inch and diameter of 0.10? to 0.137?. The resulting concrete will have consistent screw-ability and nail-ability similar that of wood.

Abstract: A method of treating fly ash to modify the set time and the induction profile for a slurry comprising cement and the fly ash. The method comprising mixing fly ash with an aqueous solution comprising the calcium carbonate, thereby modifying the set time and the induction profile of the slurry comprising cement and the fly ash. A method of treating fly ash to modify the induction profile of a slurry comprising cement and the fly ash. The method comprising contacting fly ash with a wet gas stream comprising water vapor and carbon dioxide in an amount sufficient to react with the fly ash so as to modify the induction profile of the slurry comprising cement and the fly ash. Cement compositions comprising water, hydraulic cement, and carbonated fly, and associated methods of use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing a recycled hardened material using waste gypsum. The method comprises treating acidic wastewater generated in the production of copper, zinc or titanium or the production of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and chlorine using saline water, with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), so as to precipitate sludge, and mixing the precipitated sludge with pulp sludge ashes having pozzolanic properties.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions that include a carbonate compound composition, e.g., a salt-water derived carbonate compound composition containing crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds, are provided. Also provided are methods of making and using the hydraulic cements, as well as settable compositions, such as concretes and mortars, prepared therefrom. The cements and compositions produced therefrom find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.

Abstract: A method for making a low embodied energy cementitious mixture by blending a variety of post-consumer wastes, post-industrial wastes, as well as renewable, organic and recyclable materials with Portland cement or a material having similar cementitious properties. The primary materials are recycled concrete, coal-fired fly ash waste, silica fume, post-industrial waste, organic or inorganic waste fibers. Glass, brick, ceramics, ground tires and other waste products can also be included.

Abstract: A cementitious slurry comprising fly ash having a predominant particle size of up to about 10 microns, and/or aluminous material having a predominant particle size of up to about 150 microns. The additive acts as a water reduction agent and can replace either wholly or partially a conventional plasticizer.

Abstract: The technical field of the invention belongs to concrete and cement. The invention relates to a sialite binary wet cement and its package, transportation, storage and application. The sialite binary wet cement is composed of a “female body” as a primary component and a “male body” as a secondary component both of which are produced, stored, and transported separately, and are mixed together when they are used, wherein the “female body” and the “male body” each have a specific surface area of 2800-7500 cm2/g, the “female body” is mainly composed of inorganic cementitious materials and water, and it is in slurry, paste or wet powder form during the whole period of its production, storage, transportation and usage; the “male body” is mainly composed of inorganic cementitious materials, and it can be a wet form or a dry powder form. When they are used, the “female body” and the “male body” are mixed together with a small amount of regulating agents.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing incinerator bottom ash (“IBA”) from a municipal solid waste incinerator and pulverized fuel ash (“PFA”) from coal combustion. The method further comprises agglomerating the mixture, such as by pelletizing, and pyroprocessing the agglomerates, such as by sintering or vitrification, to form the aggregate. The addition of PFA to IBA has been found to facilitate production of lightweight and normal weight aggregates. Preferably, the IBA or the mixture of IBA and PFA is wet milled prior to agglomerating. A preferred proportion of IBA to PFA is 40%/60%. The agglomerates may be coated with an inorganic material to create a surface layer on the aggregate. Organic material may be included in the mixture to increase the porosity of the aggregate. A lightweight sintered aggregate comprising IBA and PFA and an aggregate comprising IBA and PFA are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making and improving a coating formulation which includes a hydraulic binder. To the formulation is added a quantity of dewatering agent. The resultant slurry produced from said formulation may be applied to the product to be coated and dewatered through said product. Dewatering can be accomplished with or without vacuum assistance.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that comprise sub-micron alumina for accelerating setting of a cement composition. An embodiment includes a method of cementing in a subterranean formation. The method may comprise introducing a cement composition into the subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water. The method further may comprise allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Another embodiment includes a cement composition that may comprise hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water.

Abstract: To effectively utilize coal ash while reducing mercury concentration in cement kiln exhaust gas. Coal ash is received from a thermal power plant or the like; the received coal ash is separated into ash and unburned carbon; the separated ash is utilized in a cement manufacturing facility as a cement raw material; and the separated unburned carbon is utilized in the cement manufacturing facility in accordance with mercury concentration in gas exhausted from a cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility. In case that the mercury concentration in the gas exhausted from the cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility is high, in the coal ash, unburned carbon with high mercury content can be treated in facilities other than the cement manufacturing facility without feeding the unburned carbon to the cement manufacturing facility, or the quantity of such unburned carbon fed to the cement manufacturing facility can be adjusted.

Abstract: A lightweight concrete composition containing from 10 to 90 volume percent of a cement composition, from 10 to 90 volume percent of particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.2 mm to 8 mm, a bulk density of from 0.03 g/cc to 0.64 g/cc, an aspect ratio of from 1 to 3, and from 0 to 50 volume percent of aggregate; where the sum of components used does not exceed 100 volume percent, and where after the lightweight concrete composition is set it has a compressive strength of at least 1700 psi as tested according to ASTM C39 after seven days. The concrete composition can be used to make concrete masonry units, construction panels, road beds and other articles.

Abstract: Concrete manufacturing processes are provided that can include providing a plurality of substantially dry concrete raw materials to a mixing chamber, providing water to the mixing chamber, and mixing the water and raw materials to form a concrete raw material mixture. Concrete manufacturing processes can also include providing water, a silica source, a calcium source and an aluminum source to within a mixing chamber, with the calcium source being provided to within the chamber prior to the aluminum source. Concrete manufacturing processes can also include providing a combustion waste, a silica source, water and an aluminum source to form a concrete raw material mixture, processing the raw material mixture to form a concrete product. Concrete materials are provided that can include a combustion waste material, with the combustion waste material having at least 10% (wt./wt.) CaO.

Abstract: In a combustion facility, a portion of the bottom ash (BA) is mixed with substantially all of the fly ash (FA) as necessary to obtain a stabilized material that prevents toxic metals solubility and achieves a desired TCLP extraction pH value, preferably in the range of 8-11. The actual quantities of BA to be mixed with FA will vary depending upon various factors, so embodiments of the present invention include testing the ash to determine the desired distribution to achieve sufficient alkalinity to prevent the leaching of toxic metals in landfills. Because the resulting ash has a desired alkalinity by design, minimal additional alkali reagent amendment is necessary for safe disposal of the waste ash. The remaining BA may be recycled or deposited in a landfill without additional processing. Valuable materials in the waste ash may also be more easily recovered and reused.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing concrete, comprising: in producing concrete, previously providing at least one premix composition for a concrete mix, which has been measured and prepared by automatic control means according to properties required of the concrete; and kneading and mixing the previously provided premix composition for a concrete mix with cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregates, and water.

Abstract: A process for making a pervious concrete comprising a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash. Generally, the process includes mixing a solid aggregate and a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder together to form a pervious concrete mixture. Some examples of suitable aggregates comprise recycled carpet, recycled cement, and aggregates of coal-combustion byproducts. The geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder is made by combining a pozzolanic ash, such as fly ash, with a sufficient amount of an alkaline activator and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the final concrete forms a solid mass in the form of pavement or a pre-cast concrete shape. The solid mass of concrete may have a void content of between about 5% and about 35%.

Abstract: A sealant having a specific gravity in the range of from about 0.7 to about 1.6 for heavy oil and/or coal bed methane fields is disclosed. The sealant has a binder including an oxide or hydroxide of Al or of Fe and a phosphoric acid solution. The binder may have MgO or an oxide of Fe and/or an acid phosphate. The binder is present from about 20 to about 50% by weight of the sealant with a lightweight additive present in the range of from about 1 to about 10% by weight of said sealant, a filler, and water sufficient to provide chemically bound water present in the range of from about 9 to about 36% by weight of the sealant when set. A porous ceramic is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ultra high strength fiber-reinforced cement composition includes cement, silica fume, coal gasification fly ash, insoluble anhydrous gypsum, and metal fiber having a length between 5 and 30 mm and a diameter of between 0.1 and 1 mm. The coal gasification fly ash is spherical fine particles having a maximum particle size between 5 and 10 ?m. Mass ratio of the silica fume: the coal gasification fly ash is 95 through 50 portions: 5 through 50 portions.