Abstract: A method to regulate overfire air passing through an overfire air duct and entering a flue gas stream in a combustion system including: directing overfire air into an inlet of the overfire air duct, passing the overfire air through the duct and discharging the overfire air into the flue gas stream in the combustion system; adjusting a flow rate of overfire air entering the inlet using a damper adjacent the inlet, and moving the damper parallel along an axis of the overfire air duct to increase and decrease the overfire air entering the inlet, wherein the damper has an open position at which the damper is extended out of the inlet and a closed position in which the damper is substantially in the inlet and blocking air entering the inlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting energy from fiber introduced as a fuel into a vertically elongated combustion chamber having a suspension burner capable of projecting a flame down the axis of the combustion chamber with a heat collection surface located radially from the flame and below the burner, and an exhaust opening located below the flame and below at least a portion of the heat collection surface, in which the combusted fiber yields a mixture containing hot flue gas and molten ash above the exhaust opening and heat transfers therefrom to the heat collection surface prior to any substantial contact of ash to a surface of the combustion chamber, to yield a mixture containing warm flue gas and non-molten ash, that is thereafter cooled to yield a mixture containing cool flue gas and non-molten ash.

Abstract: A burner for introducing solid particulate fuel to a burning zone of a kiln such as a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker or similar material includes a centrally located duct for conducting solid fuel to an inlet opening and at least one duct for conducting primary air to one or more annular nozzles surrounding the inlet opening of the centrally located duct. The centrally located duct for conducting solid fuel is arranged so that the direction of introduction of the fuel relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner and consequently the direction of introduction of the primary air may be adjusted continuously during operation of the burner.

Abstract: A large diameter mid-zone air separation cone is provided for decreasing NOx during burner operation by expanding the internal recirculation zone (IRZ) at the burner exit. The mid-zone air separation cone has a short cylindrical leading edge that fits in the outer air zone of a burner. The mid-zone air separation cone splits the outer air zone secondary air flow into two equal or unequal streams depending on the position of the air separation cone with respect to the outer air zone, and deflects a portion of the secondary air flow radially outward. Since the radial position of the air separation cone is farther from the burner centerline, the IRZ size is expanded and NOx emissions are minimized.

Abstract: An adjustable, diffusing coal valve for use in controlling flow of air and pulverized fuel to a burner is disclosed. An exemplary embodiment comprises a conduit section having an inner cross-sectional area and a diffusing damper plate mounted to said conduit section and rotatable within the conduit section between an open position and a closed position. The diffusing damper plate has a periphery dimensioned to occupy a majority, but less than all, of said inner cross-sectional area when in the closed position, and includes a plurality of perforations distributed within an outer region of the plate, thus allowing coal particles to flow through the damper plate when it is in a closed or partly-closed position.

Abstract: A method comprises providing a combustion apparatus having an outer vessel and an inner conduit. The outer vessel has a first wall that defines an internal volume. The inner conduit is at least partially positioned within the internal volume and provides a fluid passageway that is in communication therewith. The method further comprises introducing oxygen into the internal volume in a manner such that the oxygen swirls within the internal volume and around the inner conduit. Furthermore, the method comprises introducing fuel into the internal volume, and combusting the fuel and oxygen at least partially therewithin. The combustion of the fuel and oxygen produces reaction products and the method further comprises discharging at least some of the reaction products from the internal volume via the fluid passageway of the inner conduit.

Abstract: In a boiler furnace having nozzles for introducing combustion media such as air and coal, nozzle tip walls that have the greatest exposure to radiant heat and hot gases are provided with arrays of air holes that allow air to flow to the exposed sides of the walls from the opposite sides in order to reduce the temperature difference between the two sides and thereby reduce thermal distortion and damage resulting from oxidation.

Abstract: The invention provides a pulverized fuel burner including a nozzle body 6 open to a furnace 1 to inject pulverized fuel together with primary combustion air, flow passages for secondary combustion air formed coaxially around the nozzle body and shutters arranged circumferentially along the flow passages and spaced apart from each other at specified intervals. Non-flow portions are formed by the shutters for the flow passages for the secondary combustion air to bring about backflow of hot flue gas. As a result, ignition performance can be improved with pulverized fuel containing less volatile matter and the flame can be continuously kept stably.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus capable of firing biomass fuel including a burner assembly which includes a biomass nozzle concentrically surrounded by a core air zone and extending axially along the length of the core air zone, the burner assembly residing within a windbox, the windbox being attached to a furnace of a boiler, and the burner assembly being connected to the furnace by a burner throat, through which air and fuel supplied to the burner assembly are emitted into the furnace.

Abstract: A furnace, firing pattern and method of operating a heater that employs a combination of hearth burners and wall burners for the cracking of hydrocarbons is described. The firing pattern leads to improvements in the uniformity of the coil metal temperatures and vertical heat flux profiles over the firebox elevation. The hearth burners operate with a stoichiometric excess of air while the wall burners operate with less than the stoichiometric amount of air.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for the combustion of metals and other fuels are provided. The system can include a fuel combustion apparatus including a combustor having a combustion chamber for burning ground particles from a fuel charge, and a fuel supply apparatus for supplying the ground particles. The fuel supply system can include a fuel charge holder assembly to house and store the fuel charge, a grinder assembly including a grinder configured to pulverize the fuel charge to produce a combustible fuel, and a fuel charge linear feed assembly including a piston in contact with the fuel charge to selectively bias the fuel charge into the grinder to control the consumption rate. Exhaust from the combustion chamber can be used in the incineration of radioactive, chemical and mixed hazardous materials, and in the propulsion of a vehicle in both an air or water environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a means of heating a process fluid to elevated temperature thru use of heat resistant particulates as a heat transfer medium. Down-ward flowing particulates, enter the top of a refractory lined containment vessel, and are heated to elevated temperature by direct contact with an up-flowing stream of hot combustion products, generated by side wall burners located at the bottom of the containment vessel. The heated particulate stream is separated from the combustion gas stream at the bottom of the containment vessel and the spent combustion gas is directed to a downstream tubular convection section for heat recovery and for further processing to recover vaporized process fluid, as in the case of liquid feed preheating for delayed coking, or for heat recovery only, as in the case of gas cracking.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel-fired furnace including at least one burner is provided. The method includes channeling a first fluid flow to the at least one burner at a first predetermined velocity, and channeling a second fluid flow to the at least one burner at a second predetermined velocity during a first mode of operation of the at least one burner. The second predetermined velocity is different than the first predetermined velocity.

Abstract: A coal nozzle for a burner on a pulverized coal fired furnace which includes an elongated tubular nozzle having an inlet for receiving a flowing stream of coal/air mixture and an outlet for discharging the flowing stream into a combustion zone of a furnace for combustion, and an inlet elbow connected to the inlet of the tubular nozzle. The interior outer surfaces of the elbow include a staircase surface configuration for engaging the incoming flowing stream whereby coal ropes in the stream are broken up for thereby improving flow distribution of the stream.

Abstract: In a burner for highly caking coal in which a solid fuel channel that is attached penetrating through a surrounding wall of a gasifier for gasifying a highly caking solid fuel that has been pulverized into particles and that supplies the solid fuel into the gasifier by gas flow transportation, and a gasifying agent channel that supplies a gasifying agent into the gasifier are provided, a blockage detection unit that detects a blockage situation of the solid fuel channel is provided, and a process for reducing the temperature of the solid fuel is performed when the blockage detection unit detects a predetermined blockage situation.

Abstract: A head assembly 52,152 for a pulverized coal nozzle includes a turning vane 54 or a curved vane 154 disposed within a pipe elbow. The vanes 54,154 are angled relative to the inlet port and the outlet port of the pipe elbow to redirect a stream of air and pulverized solid fuel particles from the inlet port 60,160 toward the outlet port 62,162. The coal rope-breaking vane 56 is pivotable about an axis to adjust an angle of the vanes relative to a stream of air and pulverized solid fuel particles from the inlet port 60,160. An adjustment bar 66 may connect to the vanes 56 and extend outward through the pipe elbow to allow the vanes 56 to be adjusted while the pulverized solid fuel particles flow through the head assembly 52. The pipe elbow may further include inspection ports 68,168 and a removable cover 70,170. The vanes may be attached to the removable cover 70,170 thus allowing them to be easily removed and replaced.

Abstract: A pulverized solid fuel nozzle assembly 34 includes a fuel feed pipe 38 and a nozzle tip 36 pivotally secured relative to the fuel feed pipe 38. The fuel feed pipe 38 includes a generally cylindrical shell 99 having a round outlet end 102 and a bulbous protrusion 106 disposed around a perimeter of the round outlet end 102. The nozzle tip 36 includes an inner shell 40 having a round inlet end 108 arranged in concentric relationship with the round outlet end 102 of the generally cylindrical shell 99. The round inlet end 108 is disposed around the bulbous protrusion 106 for forming a seal between the inner shell 40 and the fuel feed pipe 38. The nozzle tip 36 also includes an outer shell 39 arranged in coaxial relationship with the inner shell 40, and an annular air channel 42 disposed between the inner and outer shells 40, 39. The nozzle tip 36 is pivotable about at least one axis 52, 250 for directing a stream of pulverized solid fuel from the inner shell 40.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for the combustion of metals and other fuels are provided. The system can include: a fuel combustion apparatus including a combustor having a combustion chamber for burning ground particles from a fuel charge, and a fuel supply apparatus for supplying the ground particles of fuel from the fuel charge to the combustor. The fuel supply system can include a fuel charge holder assembly to house and store the fuel charge, a grinder assembly including a grinder housed within the charge holder assembly and configured to pulverize the fuel charge to produce a combustible fuel to be consumed in the combustion chamber, and a fuel charge linear feed assembly including a piston in contact with the fuel charge within the charge holder assembly to selectively bias the fuel charge into the grinder to thereby a control consumption rate of the fuel charge.

Abstract: A coal nozzle assembly for a pulverized coal burner includes a diffuser. A flow conditioner also may be used with the assembly. The assembly conditions the coal/air flow before the coal/air flow is introduced to the furnace. The flow conditioner directs the coal into the diffuser where it is swirled to form a fuel rich outer ring disposed about an air rich inner portion before the fuel is delivered to the coal nozzle.

Abstract: The oxyfuel boiler system comprises: an oxygen generator; a coal mill; a burner to burn pulverized coal; an after-gas port to which oxygen generated at the oxygen generator is supplied; a boiler provided with the burner and the after-gas port on its wall; a flue introducing combustion exhaust gas from the boiler to the outside; a recirculation gas supply pipe having an exhaust gas tapping port in the midway of the flue and supplying recirculation exhaust gas to the coal mill, the burner, and the after gas port; and an oxygen supply pipe supplying oxygen from the oxygen generator to the burner and the after-gas port, wherein the exhaust gas tapping port is disposed downstream of a dry dust-removing apparatus arranged in the flue, and there is provided an oxygen controlling apparatus for making a concentration of oxygen to be supplied to the after-gas port lower than that of oxygen to be supplied to the burner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid fuel burner, which, while rendering the capacity larger than that in the conventional art, can suppress an increase in an unignited region and thus can realize the prevention of an increase in NOx concentration in a combustion gas and the prevention of a lowering in combustion efficiency, and a combustion equipment and boiler including the burner. The burner includes a fuel-containing fluid supply nozzle (12) which supplies a fuel-containing fluid, from a connecting part in a fluid transfer flow passage (10) for transferring a fuel-containing fluid including a fuel and a medium for transfer of the fuel, toward an outlet part provided on the wall of a furnace (4).

Abstract: Slagging is prevented from occurring in a pulverized coal burner. A nozzle body 6, which is open to a furnace 1 and which injects pulverized coal together with primary air 14 transporting the coal to serve finally as combustion air, has an outer sleeve 8 and an inner sleeve 9 arranged in and coaxially of the sleeve 8. A fuel flow space 10 is formed between the sleeves 8 and 9. Straightening plates 29 are arranged on at least either of the sleeves 8 and 9 to project to the space 10 and extend axially of the nozzle body. The combustion air (primary air 14) carrying the pulverized coal passes through the space 10 and is injected.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention consists of a process heater with a radiant section and an overhead convection section, the radiant section having a vertical cylindrical, contiguous, helical, tubular coil, having a bottom process fluid inlet and top process fluid outlet. The process fluid coil is contained in a refractory lined enclosure of square cross section and is exposed to an up flowing stream of combustion products, generated by burning coal on a continuous, traveling, chain grate stoker. The stoker is located at the base of the radiant section, receives a continuous deposit of coarse coal, with a minimum of fines, from a hopper located at one end of the stoker chain grate and discharges essentially coal free ash at the opposite end of the chain grate, thru a nozzle provided with a water seal.

Abstract: The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Abstract: An orifice plate for improving particle distribution within a coal piping system includes a plate body defining a central orifice therethrough bounded by an inner periphery of the plate body. The plate body is configured and adapted to be affixed between end flanges of adjacent pipes in a coal piping system so as to generally align the central orifice with an internal flow passage through the coal piping system. Flow disruption features are defined in the inner periphery of the plate body. The flow disruption features are configured and adapted to disrupt a flow of air and particles flowing through the central orifice to provide a more uniform distribution of particles downstream of the plate body than upstream.

Abstract: A biomass-based fuel pellet, such as a fuel pellet which includes thermoplastic polymeric material and a substantial amount of cellulosic material, e.g. cellulosic material derived from biomass source(s), is provided. The fuel pellet commonly includes about 5 to 15 wt. % of the thermoplastic polymeric material and at least about 75 wt. % cellulosic material. Optionally, the fuel pellet may comprise a lignin additive. Many embodiments of the fuel pellets are suitable for use in a coal-fired furnace and/or in other industrial boiler applications.

Abstract: There is a solid fuel combustion apparatus comprising a heated enclosure, a burner connected to the heated enclosure, and a means for providing a solid fuel from a solid fuel reservoir to the heated enclosure. The means for providing a solid fuel aspirates the solid fuel into the heated enclosure by creating a vacuum at a location in the heated enclosure. The vacuum establishes a pressure differential between the location in the heated enclosure and the solid fuel reservoir, which thereby aspirates the solid fuel from the reservoir to the heated enclosure where it is combusted by a flame from the burner.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for the combustion of metals and other fuels are provided. The system can include: a fuel combustion apparatus including a combustor having a combustion chamber for burning ground particles from a fuel charge, and a fuel supply apparatus for supplying the ground particles of fuel from the fuel charge to the combustor. The fuel supply system can include a fuel charge holder assembly to house and store the fuel charge, a grinder assembly including a grinder housed within the charge holder assembly and configured to pulverize the fuel charge to produce a combustible fuel to be consumed in the combustion chamber, and a fuel charge linear feed assembly including a piston in contact with the fuel charge within the charge holder assembly to selectively bias the fuel charge into the grinder to thereby a control consumption rate of the fuel charge.

Abstract: A device for optimizing coal-air proportions entering a furnace is disclosed. The invention generally comprises a burner nozzle having two ends and an outer tube forming a perimeter of the burner nozzle; an entry spool having a rear wall and defining an inlet port at one of the ends of the burner nozzle; an inner tube formed within the burner nozzle; an annular blade chamber defined between the outer tube and the inner tube; and, a blade formed within the blade chamber configured as an extension of the rear wall of the entry spool, the blade twisted to form a spiral around the inner tube, wherein fuel particles can be separated from a primary air stream and collected on the blade to form a coal-concentrated stream for entry into the furnace. As a result, three separate streams are injected into the furnace, thereby minimizing NOx through the concentration of solid fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for oxidant gasification of pulverized fuels under high pressures of e.g. 80 bar (8 MPa) and temperatures of e.g. 1200 to 1900° C. in reactors with liquid slag removal for oxygen gasification, the individual pulverized fuel supply tubes in the burner are designed such that, while retaining the entry cross-sectional area of the tube, the cross-section makes a systematic transition to a curved rectangular duct matched to the annulus. This means that fuel feeding ends immediately adjacent to the oxidant duct, and the flow rate provided in the feeding element is maintained up to the outlet, thereby ensuring trouble-free flow of the pulverized fuel and reducing the amount of inert gas required for purging the feeding element in the non-operational state.

Abstract: A method of combustion for pulverized hydro-carbonaceous fuel includes the steps of injecting an oxidant/fuel stream into a burner, causing a low-pressure zone; directing a flow of a high-temperature combustion gas from a combustion chamber into the low-pressure zone in the burner; mixing the high-temperature combustion gas with the injected oxidant/fuel stream to heat the injected oxidant/fuel stream, and injecting the heated oxidant/fuel stream from the burner to the combustion chamber, wherein the oxidant/fuel stream is rapidly devolatilized and combusted in a flame that has a high temperature; sensing a combustion parameter; and based on the sensed combustion parameter, controlling combustion to achieve at least one of a desired NOx reduction and a desired distance from the burner to a flame front.

Abstract: A new burner apparatus and method of combusting fossils fuels for commercial and industrial application is provided wherein the new burner apparatus achieves low NOx emissions by supplying oxygen to the center of the burner flame in as manners so as to create a fuel rich internal combustion zone within the burner flame.

Abstract: A large diameter mid-zone air separation cone is provided for decreasing NOx during burner operation by expanding the internal recirculation zone (IRZ) at the burner exit. The mid-zone air separation cone has a short cylindrical leading edge that fits in the outer air zone of a burner. The mid-zone air separation cone splits the outer air zone secondary air flow into two equal or unequal streams depending on the position of the air separation cone with respect to the outer air zone, and deflects a portion of the secondary air flow radially outward. Since the radial position of the air separation cone is farther from the burner centerline, the IRZ size is expanded and NOx emissions are minimized.

Abstract: A solid fuel nozzle tip (201) having at least first (205) and second (207) ceramic shells is provided by the present invention. An inlet end of the first ceramic shell (205) is interconnected to a pulverized solid fuel nozzle (34), and an outlet end (301) of the first ceramic shell (205) is interconnected to an inlet end (305) of the second ceramic shell (207).

Abstract: A method and system feed and burn pulverized fuel, such as petroleum coke, in a glass melting furnace having burners associated with sealed regenerative chambers which act as heat exchangers. The system supplies the pulverized fuel for melting glass raw materials. The emissions of flue gases produced by the combustion process of the fuel in the furnace are controlled in order to maintain clean the flue gases and for reducing the emission of impurities from the fuel such as SOx, NOx, and particulates. The regenerative chambers are manufactured with selected refractories such as magnesium, zircon-silica-alumina, or magnesia and zirconium-silicate, for counteracting the erosive and corrosive effects produced by the combustion process of the fuel in the glass melting chamber. A burner feeds the petroleum coke and simultaneously mixes a primary air and pulverized fuel-air mixture for the burning of the pulverized fuel.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor chamber, at least one duct connected with the reactor chamber for drawing off a flue gas having entrained solid particles from the reactor chamber, at least one cyclone separator that is connected with the duct for separating solid particles from the flue gas, at least one recirculation device for recirculating at least a portion of the separated solid particles from the cyclone separator into the reactor chamber. The recirculation device comprises a siphon-trap gas seal including a riser having first and second outlet openings on the circumference proximate to the upper end, the first and second outlet openings pointing substantially in the direction of the reactor chamber. The recirculation device also comprises a device for fluidizing the portion of the separated solid particles and a device for connecting each opening of the gas seal riser with the reactor chamber.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided that include introducing ammonia liberated from organic waste to a coal burner in a coal burning power plant, preferably for NOx removal at the power plant. The ammonia is preferably either ammonia liberated upon drying a mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products or ammonia liberated when organic waste is mixed with coal combustion by-products and one or more alkaline additives. Also provided are processes and systems of fueling a coal burner of a power plant with coal and either a dried mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products, or a mixture of organic waste, coal combustion by-products and one or more alkaline additives. The present invention is further directed to mixtures of either organic waste and coal combustion by-products, or mixtures of organic waste, coal combustion by-products and alkaline additives made by the processes of the present invention.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel combustion system combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The system distributes oxygen to a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel at various sites before and after ignition. The system is operable to vary the concentration of oxygen in an oxygen-fuel mixture extant at those sites.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel combustion system combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The system distributes oxygen to a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel at various sites before and after ignition. The system is operable to vary the concentration of oxygen in an oxygen-fuel mixture extant at those sites.

Abstract: A fuel supply duct, which supplies a mixed fluid of a solid fuel and carrier gas to one or more burners provided on the walls of a furnace, is provided with a branching part, and each of a plurality of branch ducts, which branch out from the branching part, is connected to a corresponding burner. Also a damper, with which the tilt angle with respect to the direction of flow of the mixed fluid can be changed, is positioned in the fuel supply duct at the upstream side of the branching part so that a mutual difference will arise in the solid fuel concentrations of the mixed fluid supplied to the respective branch ducts. A fuel distributor for fuel supply duct is thus arranged. The tilt angle of the above-mentioned damper is adjusted to increase the concentration of solid fuel in the mixed fluid supplied to a specific burner. At a burner to which the high solid fuel concentration is supplied, stability of ignition and stable combustion of the ignited flame can be obtained during low load operation.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner using a low oxygen concentration gas as a transporting gas of a low grade solid fuel such as brown coal or the like and a combustion method using the solid fuel burner are provided. The solid fuel burner comprises a means for accelerating ignition of the fuel and a means for preventing slugging caused by combustion ash from occurring. Mixing of fuel and air inside a fuel nozzle 11 is accelerated by that an additional air nozzle 12 and a separator 35 for separating a flow passage are arranged in the fuel nozzle 11, and the exit of the additional air nozzle 12 is set at a position so as to overlap with the separator 35 when seeing from a direction perpendicular to a burner axis, and additional air is ejected in a direction nearly perpendicular to a flow direction of a fuel jet flowing through the fuel nozzle 11. An amount of air from the additional air nozzle 12 is varied corresponding to a combustion load.

Abstract: A burner assembly combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes an oxygen supply tube adapted to receive a stream of oxygen and a fuel supply tube arranged to extend through the oxygen tube to convey a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel into a flame chamber. Oxygen flowing through the oxygen supply tube passes through oxygen-injection holes formed in the fuel supply tube and then mixes with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel passing through the fuel supply tube to create an oxygen-fuel mixture in a downstream portion of the fuel supply tube. This mixture is discharged into the flame chamber and ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame.

Abstract: A straight path carbon powder combustion machine uses carbon powders as fuel of the combustion machine. The carbon powders enter into the interior of an igniter from carbon powders inlets. Then the carbon powders further enter into a forced firing internal combustion chamber. The gas in the gas tube of the igniter is fired by an electric shock rod. Part of air input from the whirlwind combustion air inlet to mix in the forced firing internal combustion chamber. When the gas in the igniter is fired by the electric shock rod, the fire jets out from the gas combustion air inlet tube so as to fire the carbon powders. The carbon powders are intercepted by the tinder intercepter to adhere thereon. The carbon powders contact and are fired by the tinder on the tinder intercepter to form a large flame which is sprayed out from the plurality of flame outlets.

Abstract: A method of heating a surface susceptible to oxidation or reduction includes generating a central, generally cylindrical, fuel-rich particulate jet, and a coaxial, annular, supersonic velocity, oxidant-rich jet having an auto-thermal ignition temperature greater than the temperature of the fuel-rich particulate jet, directed toward the surface to be heated, the velocity of the fuel-rich particulate jet being less than the velocity of the oxidant-rich jet; allowing the supersonic oxidant-rich jet and the fuel-rich particulate jet to coact to form a coherent particulate fuel-rich and fuel-lean jet having a central particulate fuel-rich region and a coaxial annular fuel-lean region; impinging the coherent particulate fuel-rich and fuel-lean jet upon the surface to be heated for forming a turbulent reaction zone at the surface; and controlling oxidation and reduction reactions at the turbulent reaction zone by adjusting properties of the supersonic oxidant-rich jet and/or the fuel-rich particulate jet.

Abstract: A method and system for feeding and burning pulverized fuel, such as petroleum coke, in a glass melting furnace, which includes a glass melting and a plurality of burners associated with a pair of sealed regenerative chambers disposed side-by-side which act as heat exchangers, the burners are arranged in a series of ports that are associated with the glass melting region of the furnace. The system includes means for supplying the pulverized fuel by each one of the burners for melting glass raw materials. The emissions of flue gases produced by the combustion process of the fuel in the furnace are controlled in order to maintain clean the flue gases and for reducing the emission of impurities from the fuel such as SOx, NOx and particulates.

Abstract: Combustion of coal in which oxygen is injected into the coal as it emerges from burner produces ash having reduced amounts of carbon.

Abstract: According to a burner of the present invention, a stable combustion is obtained in a wide range from a high-load operation condition to a low-load operation condition even in the case of low quality solid fuel such as brown coal. The amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 can be adjusted depending on the combustion load of furnace 41. At a low load, the amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 is increased, whereby the oxygen concentration in a recirculation zones 19 formed downstream of the outside of a fuel nozzle 11 exit, permits a stable combustion. At a high load, the amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 is reduced, whereby a flame is formed in a position far from the fuel nozzle 11. This suppresses thermal radiation onto a solid fuel burner 42 structure and a furnace 41 wall.

Abstract: A burner has a body portion and a main outlet. Fuel and primary oxidant outlets are arranged upstream of the main outlet and are disposed substantially concentrically about the axis of the burner. A chamber inside the body portion provides a place for the mixing of the fuel and oxidant. A laval nozzle provides acceleration of the mixed fuel and oxidant. Particulate matter are injected into a secondary oxidant flow immediately adjacent and downstream of the accelerating nozzle. The burner can be used in an electric arc furnace for decarburization of metals as well as post combustion. The burner can be mounted in a water-cooled box and can be fitted with an oxygen port for extra oxygen for post combustion while the burner injects hot oxygen and carbon for slag forming.

Abstract: A powdery fuel combustion apparatus disposed on furnace side plane (7) of vertical square body type furnace in which a vertical plane passing through a fuel jetting directional axis (8) does not cross the furnace side plane orthogonally, and thus the workability of furnace wall tubes and burner panel, and the maintainability of burner nozzle are improved. The apparatus includes a burner nozzle (1) that is formed such that the nozzle has right and left non-symmetrical shapes, with respect to a vertical plane passing through axis (8). Also, the nozzle has a tip portion opening lying in an opening plane (2) which coincides or is parallel to the furnace side plane (7).

Abstract: A control system for providing improved control over the combustion process of a multiple-intertube pulverized-coal burner that commonly forms a portion of a roof-fired boiler. The system utilizes actual mass fuel flow measurements to calculate corrected, optimal secondary and interjectory air demands. The corrected secondary and interjectory air demands are used by a proportional and integral control loop to regulate the respective supply of secondary and interjectory air to the combustion process of each in-service burner. The control system allows for optimal combustion of the fuel and a reduction in NOx emmissions.