Abstract: Grate bar for a furnace. The grate bar comprises a first air duct (46) at a first lateral side of the grate bar. The first air duct is provided at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the grate bar.

Abstract: A waste disposal plant includes a combustion chamber (2) inside which waste laid on a combustion grate (3) is burnt, which permits the entrance of an adequate quantity of combustion air in the chamber. The combustion grate includes at least a handling group formed by of fire bars or plates (7), which move alternatively one with respect to the other by advancing the waste on the grate. A handling group permits the alternate movement of the fire bars (7) which are divided in movable fire bars (7a) and fixed fire bars (7b), alternately disposed one with respect to the other, on transversal rows resting one upon the other according to a longitudinal placement with alternate steps.

Abstract: A waste disposal plant includes a combustion chamber (2) inside which waste laid on a combustion grate (3) is burnt. The grate permits the entrance of an adequate quantity of combustion air in the chamber through it. The combustion grate includes at least a handling group formed by fire bars or plates (7), which move alternatively one with respect to the other by advancing the waste on the grate. A handling group allows the alternate movement of the fire bars (7) which are divided in movable fire bars (7a) and fixed fire bars (7b), alternately disposed one with respect to the other, on transversal rows resting one upon the other according to a longitudinal placement with alternate steps.

Abstract: A method for mechanical stoking in firing installations and a firing installation is provided. Fuel is applied to a grate using a mechanical stoker, the grate being disposed in a firing chamber, wherein the mechanical stoker is oriented opposite a delivery direction of the grate. The fuel is introduced directly below a firing chamber ceiling, viewed in the delivery direction of the grate before the end of the grate such that a burnout zone, which does not have fresh fuel applied thereto, is created on the grate between the mechanical stoker and the end of the grate.

Abstract: A gypsum dryer/calciner (1) includes a calcining space (2), a first pipe (4) exhibiting an inlet connected to a source of hot gases (3) and an outlet emerging in the calcining space (2); a second pipe (5) exhibiting an inlet connected to a source of gypsum (8) and an outlet emerging in the calcining space, the second pipe being concentric with the first pipe; a force-feeding screw (6) positioned at least partially in the second pipe, the said screw carrying the gypsum along in the calcining space. A process for calcining gypsum and to the plaster capable of being obtained by this process.

Abstract: A clinker cooler (3) comprises a plurality of grates (5) arranged in adjacent and overlapping relation to each other for conveying hot cement clinker (11) supplied from a kiln (1). The grate (5) is formed with an air hole (20) through which air from a fan (8) is jetted toward the cement clinker via a compartment (16) to cool the cement clinker. A distribution chamber (13) is equipped to a part of the grate corresponding to a part of cement clinker which is not cooled sufficiently, and the air from the fan (14) is jetted to such part of cement clinker which is not cooled sufficiently. The quantity of air jetted from the distribution chamber is adjusted by varying a degree of opening of a damper (15).

Abstract: For cooling a grate block which forms a part of a grate for plants for the thermal treatment of waste material, a closed cooling chamber inside a block body of the grate block below an upper wall bearing the waste material is filled with cooling water and is closed in a sealing manner from the bottom by a base provided with an insulation layer. Effective cooling of the parts of the grate block which are subject to the greatest thermal loading takes place, greatly reducing the temperatures. Since thermal expansions in the material are dispensed with, a grate-block row can be formed by only a few grate blocks screwed to one another. The assembly and exchange of grate blocks are simpler; and the undesirable dropping of waste material through the grate between the grate blocks is largely eliminated. Additionally, the grate blocks can be produced from less expensive material.

Abstract: To cool a grate block which forms a part of a grate for plants for the thermal treatment of waste material, a closed cooling space in the grate block below an upper wall supporting the waste material is filled with cooling water. Water feed lines and water drainage lines pass through the cooling space, end in the cooling space, and respectively have a plurality of outlet and inlet openings, so that, in addition to an effective cooling which greatly reduces the temperatures, an optimum distribution of cold water and hot water also takes place in the cooling space. Since thermal expansions in the material are dispensed with, only a few screwed-together grate blocks can form a grate-block row. The assembly and exchange of grate blocks are simpler and an undesired amount dropping through the grate between the grate blocks is eliminated to a great extent. Moreover, the grate blocks can be produced from a less high-alloy material.

Abstract: In order to create a thrust grating cooler whose system for delivering the cooling air to the individually aerated, reciprocally movable grating plate carriers manages without flexible cooling air hose conduits that are susceptible to wear, at least one cooling air channel is provided that moves together with the C-push frame which carries the movable grating plate carriers. The cooling air channel is mounted at the underside of the C-push frame either transversely or parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cooler. The air entry end of the cooling air channel that is co-moved together with the C-push frame is connected to a stationary cooling air delivery nozzle by means of a seal. A plurality of rigid connecting channels branch off from the cooling air channel to the movable grating plate carriers and supply both the carriers and the movable perforated grating plates that are secured thereon with cooling air.

Abstract: Cooler pocket grate for use in conveying hot clinker from discharge end of cement kiln to cooled clinker processing area. Alternate stationary and moving grates constructed as stainless steel castings are provided with upper surface ridges having through holes for fan driven cooling air from underlying cooler bed compartments. Intermediate pockets between ridges retain clinker which serves as a grate wear resistant interface with kiln discharged hot clinker conducted along the cooler bed.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing ash build-up and clinker formation of a particulate fuel mass in a stove includes a grate having a plurality of openings therein and on which the particulate fuel mass resides. A bottomless container retains the particulate fuel mass on the grate. The grate is reciprocated with respect to the bottomless container and the particulate fuel mass such that the position of the grate openings is altered relative to the particulate fuel mass to channel stove air flow through various portions of the particulate fuel mass.

Abstract: The present invention is a combustion chamber for an incinerator that has a chamber with a plurality of refractory walls and an opening for the delivery of materials into the chamber. A hearth is contained within the chamber. The hearth has a surface for the receipt of these materials and is positioned generally adjacent to the opening. An oscillator is connected to the hearth for causing the hearth to oscillate within the chamber. An air plenum is arranged beneath the hearth. The hearth has a first and second flange extending upwardly along each side of the hearth. A third flange extends upwardly at the end of the hearth adjacent to the chamber opening. The hearth has a plurality of air passageways extending therethrough and communicating with the air plenum. A collection ridge is formed about one edge of the hearth. A suitable heat exchange fluid circulating system is provided within the hearth so as to pass a fluid and heat exchange relationship with the hearth.

Abstract: A grate structure for a horizontal type incinerator has a plurality of rows of grates arranged in parallel in perpendicular X and Y directions of the incinerator. Each X-direction row has a series of immovable grates and a series of movable grates alternating with the immovable grates. The immovable grates and movable grates are supported at a predetermined angle of .theta..sub.1 relative to a surface of the immovable supporting member. The immovable grates are pivotally mounted on an immovable support and the movable grates are pivotally mounted on a sawtooth shaped movable support. The free forward end of each grate rests on the adjacent grate. The movable grates are reciprocated back and forth along the upper surfaces of the immovable grates. In the Y direction, each row of grates is pivoted on a common axle by way of a common bearing member.

Abstract: A hopper containing fuel pellets for a stove opens downward into a feed trough which extends generally horizontally toward the firebox of the stove. A feed plate is positioned such that pellets from the hopper are supported on the feed plate. The feed plate is reciprocated between a rearward position adjacent to the hopper and a forward position adjacent to the firebox so as to advance pellets toward the firebox. A gate member is mounted adjacent to the end of the feed trough remote from the hopper. The gate member is positioned to be engaged by the feed plate when the feed plate is in its forward position so as to close the feed trough and hopper from the firebox. The mechanism for reciprocating the feed plate normally maintains it in its forward position in which the feed trough and hopper are isolated from the firebox.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel distribution cone for use in a pulverized fuel burner having a tubular burner pipe with flanged and furnace ends and an elbow connector having a flanged end for connection of the elbow to the flanged end of the burner pipe. The distribution cone includes an open base section and an open outlet end portion extending into the burner pipe. A planar flange extending outwardly from the base section of the cone is retained between the flanged ends of the elbow connector and pipe. The flow cone preferably is positioned in the pipe at a distance from the furnace end of the burner of at least four times a diameter of the pipe. An angle between the wall of the cone and its base in the range of from 75.degree. to 85.degree. results in a flow deflection of between 5 and 15 degrees, respectively. The length of the cone in the flow path preferably is in a range from four to fourteen inches.

Abstract: A stoker consisting of a support frame, a stationary assembly of longitudinally spaced sets of grates mounted on the support frame, a first movable assembly of longitudinally spaced sets of grates mounted on the support frame, the first movable assembly having first and second pluralities of grate sets, the first plurality of grate sets being disposed in a first set of alternate spaces between sets of grates of the stationary assembly, the second plurality of grate sets being disposed in successive spaces between sets of grates of the stationary assembly, a second movable assembly of longitudinally spaced sets of grates mounted on the support frame, the sets of grates of the second movable assembly being disposed in a second set of alternate spaces between sets of grates of the stationary assembly, and means for reciprocating the first and second movable assemblies.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for removing volatile contaminants from scrap metal. The process is carried out in a furnace maintained at a relatively constant temperature having a first zone in which volatiles contained on the surface of the metal are vaporized and a second zone in which carbon contained on the surface of the metal is pyrolyzed. The furnace also has a vibrating conveyor for transporting metal therethrough at a specific speed. The process includes the step of vaporizing and fluidizing the volatiles to produce fumes containing unburned hydrocarbons without oxidizing the metal. The hydrocarbon fumes are then burned to produce hot gas which is recirculated to the furnace so as to contact new incoming scrap metal.

Abstract: An improvement for use in a mechanical stoker with a coal stove is disclosed. The improvement device is used with a stoker, generally including a hopper, operatively connected to a small stove having a fire box forming an ash pit. The fire box, through its sides sloping downward from the hopper, supports a ramp. The lower portion of the ramp is a perforated fire grate, while the upper portion is a plate that extends through the hopper bottom and into the stove. A fan effecting a forced draft through the grate is operatively connected to a fan motor. The improvement comprises a wiper bar which overlies generally the width of the plate. The wiper bar oscillates about the longitudinal center line of the plate to feed coal or other solid fuels from the hopper onto the grate. The oscillation of the wiper bar is effected by eccentric connection to a gear motor.

Abstract: A solid fuel furnace having an oscillating grate plate solid fuel burner therein wherein the grate plates are in a stepped arrangement and every other plate moves together, in an opposite direction from the adjacent plates so that the solid fuel is kept moving down the step grate positively. Additionally, the solid fuel burner is mounted in a furnace housing which is designed to utilize the hot combustion gases to preheat incoming or makeup air for a blower used for supply air flow for heating. Baffles are used to provide a substantially elongated path for the combustion gases to ensure adequate heat exchange in a compact space.

Abstract: An improvement for use in a coal stoker is disclosed. The improvement device is used with a common stoker generally including a hopper operatively connected to and aligned with a base box forming an ash pit. The base box, through its sides sloping downward from the hopper, supports a ramp. The lower part of the ramp is a perforated fire grate while the upper section is a plate that extends through the hopper bottom. A fan effecting a forced draft through the grate is operatively connected to a motor. The improvement comprises a linear reciprocation action carpet that overlies generally the length and width of the plate. The carpet's movement is effected by its connection to the motor. When coal is fed into the hopper and the movable carpet is activated by the motor, the carpet will move in a linear reciprocating direction. The coal falling on the carpet from the hopper will continually advance in an even flow from the carpet's leading edge onto the perforated grate.

Abstract: Stoker type firing equipment for use with a city refuse incinerator provided with step type stokers formed by combining movable fire grates and fixed fire grates alternately and gas injectors installed in the fixed fire grates inject low temperature inert gas onto burning refuse, thus allowing free control of burning rate and burning temperature of the refuse by injecting the low temperature inert gas through the gas injectors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating combustible materials wherein the movement of the material particles is controlled as they are moved over an arrangement of grate sections during combustion in relation to particle density so that less dense particles travel faster than more dense particles to provide for increased combustion efficiency. The grate sections are arranged in adjacent groups and in an alined, downstepped succession. Each grate section has a downwardly inclined, upper support surface and a reciprocating pusher block is moved an adjustable distance over an inlet end portion of the upper support surface of each pusher block to impart moving forces through the material in a pushing stroke that is substantially shorter than the full travel distance of the material along the associated grate section.