Abstract: An opto-electronic device having a plurality of layers, comprising a nucleation-inhibiting coating (NIC) disposed on a first layer surface in a first portion of a lateral aspect thereof. In the first portion, the device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a semiconducting layer between them. The second electrode lies between the NIC and the semiconducting layer in the first portion. In the second portion, a conductive coating is disposed on a second layer surface. The first portion is substantially devoid of the conductive coating. The conductive coating is electrically coupled to the second electrode and to a third electrode in a sheltered region of a partition in the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an open temperature field device, including a bottom plate, a drum, a filler, and a cover plate. The bottom plate may be mounted on a bottom of the temperature field device and cover an open end of the drum. The cover plate may be mounted on a top of the temperature field device and cover the other open end of the drum. The filler may be filled inside the drum. In the temperature field device, the filler filled inside the drum can form a new thermal insulation layer, which effectively prevents the problem of sudden temperature changes caused by the cracking of the drum and improves the stability performance and a count of reusable times of the temperature field device. Meanwhile, by adjusting the filling height and the tightness of the filler, the temperature gradient of the temperature field device can be adjusted.

Abstract: A crucible includes a wall made of a base material of tungsten or molybdenum or of a material based on tungsten or molybdenum. A barrier layer is disposed at least in sections on an outer side of the wall and/or in the wall. The barrier layer is made of a metallic material having a greater affinity for carbon and/or oxygen than the base material. A method for using a crucible for producing single-crystal sapphire or fused quartz and a method for producing a crucible for high-temperature applications are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a device and method for continuous VGF crystal growth through rotation after horizontal injection synthesis, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductor crystal synthesis and growth.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an article, comprising: an inner container having a cavity, the inner container comprising a ceramic; and an outer container, the outer container comprising a susceptor; wherein at least a portion of an outer surface of the inner container is in contact with an inner surface of the outer container, and wherein the inner container is removable from the mold. Methods of melting using the present article are also provided.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a precursor powder is pressed into an intermediate volume and chemically reduced, via sintering, to form a metallic shaped article.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a crucible for growing a sapphire single crystal, which is optimized for providing a sapphire single crystal and is reusable. A crucible for growing a sapphire single crystal of this invention includes: a base material (3) containing molybdenum as a main component and having a crucible shape; and a coating layer (5) with which only an inner periphery of the base material (3) is coated and which is formed of tungsten and inevitable impurities, in which the coating layer (5) has a surface roughness Ra of 5 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor fabrication method. The method includes providing a semiconductor substrate having first regions and second regions; providing a first gate structure on a first region of the semiconductor substrate, and a second gate structure on a second region of the semiconductor substrate; and forming first trenches in the first region at both sides of the first gate structure. The method further includes forming a first stress layer in the first trenches and a first bumping stress layer on the first stress layer; forming second trenches in a second region at both sides of the second gate structure; and forming a second stress layer in the second trenches and a second bumping stress layer on the second stress layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for manufacturing crystalline silicon ingots by directional solidification, where the melt and carbonaceous structural parts of the crystallization furnace is protected from the fumes of the melt by applying a gas conduit which leads the fumes directly out of the directional solidification compartment of the furnace.

Abstract: An embodiment described herein includes a method for producing a wafer of a first semiconductor material. Said first semiconductor material has a first melting temperature. The method comprises providing a crystalline substrate of a second semiconductor material having a second melting temperature lower than the first melting temperature, and exposing the crystalline substrate to a flow of first material precursors for forming a first layer of the first material on the substrate. The method further comprising bringing the crystalline substrate to a first process temperature higher than the second melting temperature, and at the same time lower than the first melting temperature, in such a way the second material melts, separating the second melted material from the first layer, and exposing the first layer to the flow of the first material precursor for forming a second layer of the first material on the first layer.

Abstract: An arrangement for manufacturing a crystal of the melt of a raw material comprises: a furnace having a heating device with one or more heating elements, which are configured to generate a gradient temperature field directed along a first direction, a plurality of crucibles for receiving the melt, which are arranged within the gradient temperature field side by side, and a device for homogenizing the temperature field within a plane perpendicular to the first direction in the at least two crucibles. The arrangement further has a filling material inserted within a space between the crucibles wherein the filling shows an anisotropic heat conductivity. Additionally or alternatively, the arrangement may comprise a device for generating magnetic migration fields, both the filling material having the anisotropic heat conductivity and the device for generating magnetic migration fields being suited to compensate or prevent the formation of asymmetric phase interfaces upon freezing of the raw melt.

Abstract: A crystalline silicon ingot is produced using a directional solidification process. In particular, a crucible is loaded with silicon feedstock above a seed layer of uniform crystalline orientation. The silicon feedstock and an upper part of the seed layer are melted forming molten material in the crucible. This molten material is then solidified, during which process a crystalline structure based on that of the seed layer is formed in a silicon ingot. The seed layer is arranged such that a {110} crystallographic plane is normal to the direction of solidification and also so that a peripheral surface of the seed layer predominantly also lies in a {110} crystallographic plane. It is found that this arrangement offers a substantial improvement in the proportion of mono-crystalline silicon formed in the ingot as compared to alternative crystallographic orientations.

Abstract: A crucible made of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy having a molybdenum content of more than 95 at % for producing an oxide-ceramic single crystal. The inner side of the crucible is at least partially provided with a layer that contains at least one refractory metal and is formed with pores.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method of extracting a silicon ingot. The apparatus for extracting a silicon ingot includes a chamber in which a silicon source material introduced into a cold crucible is melted, a primary extraction apparatus vertically movably installed in the chamber and configured to solidify the molten silicon to extract the silicon ingot, a movable apparatus configured to horizontally move the primary extraction apparatus, and a secondary extraction apparatus vertically movably installed under the chamber and configured to extract the silicon ingot in a state in which the primary extraction apparatus is moved to one side. Therefore, as the height of the extraction apparatus is reduced, manufacturing cost of equipment can be reduced and installation space of the extraction apparatus can also be reduced.

Abstract: A sapphire crystal growth apparatus is provided that includes a chamber, a hot zone and a muffle. More specifically, the hot zone is disposed within the chamber and includes at least one heating system, at least one heat removal system, and a crucible containing feedstock. Additionally, a muffle that surrounds at least two sides of the crucible is also provided to ensure uniform temperature distribution through the feedstock during crystal growth to allow the crystalline material to be grown with a square or rectangular shaped cross section.

Abstract: According to the disclosed embodiments, a repeatable interface in a crystalline material growth system is achieved through an automated heat exchanger alignment apparatus and method. In one embodiment, a furnace chamber including a bottom wall and side walls that define an interior portion is provided. A crucible is disposed in the interior portion of the furnace chamber and configured to contain a crystalline material growth process. Also, a heat exchanger includes an elongated shaft that extends in a vertical direction and traverses the bottom wall of the furnace chamber, whereby a first end portion of the heat exchanger shaft is coupled to the crucible. Furthermore, an automated lifting device is configured to be actuated to adjust a position of the heat exchanger shaft in the vertical direction, whereby a second end portion of the heat exchanger shaft is coupled to the automated lifting device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for manufacturing a silicon substrate for solar cells using continuous casting, which can improve quality, productivity and energy conversion efficiency of the silicon substrate. The apparatus includes a crucible unit configured to receive raw silicon and having a discharge port, a heating unit provided to an outer wall and an external bottom surface of the crucible unit and heating the crucible unit to form molten silicon, a casting unit casting the molten silicon into a silicon substrate, a cooling unit rapidly cooling the silicon substrate, and a transfer unit disposed at one end of the cooling unit and transferring the silicon substrate. The casting unit includes a casting unit body having a casting space defined therein to be horizontally connected to the discharge port, and an assistant heating mechanism that preheats the casting unit body to control a solidification temperature of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for growth of uniform multi-component single crystals is provided. The single crystal material has at least three elements and has a diameter of at least 50 mm, a dislocation density of less than 100 cm?2 and a radial compositional variation of less than 1%.

Abstract: A process and system may be employed to produce large, defect-free oxide crystals with high melting points which may utilize a water-cooled horizontal furnace with a hot zone design comprising multiple independently controllable heaters surrounded by a vapor shield and various layers of thermal insulation of varying thickness and composition. Raw materials such as sapphire crystals or alumina powder may be placed in a crucible or boat that may be positioned to ride on rollers. The crucible may be pulled (or pushed) through a furnace environment surrounded by a vapor shield and insulation at a controlled rate to melt and then crystallize the raw material into a sapphire crystal. The vacuum level may be controlled by a vacuum system attached to the furnace. Process parameters such as power, temperature, pulling speed (i.e.

Abstract: A seed crystal holder according to the present invention for growing a crystal by a solution method, and that includes a seed crystal made of silicon carbide; a holding member above the seed crystal; a bonding agent configured to fix the seed crystal and the holding member; and a sheet member made of carbon which is interposed in the bonding agent in a thickness direction, and which has an outer periphery smaller than an outer periphery of the seed crystal in a plan view.

Abstract: A furnace for growing sapphire crystal in which the furnace comprises a furnace housing; a hot zone which comprises insulation and a heater which are both accommodated within the furnace housing; a crucible located within the hot zone and the crucible has an opening. Either a crucible lid covers the opening of the crucible, and the crucible lid has a first conduit which extends therefrom or a crucible enclosure surrounds at least a side wall and a top portion of the crucible and the crucible enclosure is impermeable to at least carbon preventing carbon contamination of a melt contained within the crucible.

Abstract: The device forming a crucible for fabrication of crystalline material by directional solidification comprises a bottom and at least one side wall. The bottom presents a first portion having a first thermal resistance and a second portion having a second thermal resistance that is lower than the first thermal resistance. The second portion is designed to receive a seed for fabrication of the crystalline material. The bottom and side wall are at least partially formed by a tightly sealed part including at least one indentation participating in defining said first and second portions. The first portion is covered by a first anti-adherent layer having an additional first thermal resistance. The second portion may be covered by a second anti-adherent layer having an additional second thermal resistance that is lower than the first thermal resistance.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a sheet production apparatus comprises a vessel configured to hold a melt of a material. A cooling plate is disposed proximate the melt and is configured to form a sheet of the material on the melt. A first gas jet is configured to direct a gas toward an edge of the vessel. A sheet of a material is translated horizontally on a surface of the melt and the sheet is removed from the melt. The first gas jet may be directed at the meniscus and may stabilize this meniscus or increase local pressure within the meniscus.

Abstract: A crucible for use in producing a compound crystal in which a pre-treated product is made by melting a powdery or granular compound raw material and then cooling and solidifying it in a pre-treatment furnace, and the compound crystal is grown by melting the pre-treated product and then cooling and solidifying it in a crystal growing furnace, the crucible comprising: a first member having a bottom portion and a cylindrical portion; and a hollow cylindrical second member that is capable to be connected to the cylindrical portion and to be separated therefrom, wherein: in a state in which the first member and the second member are connected together, a large capacity crucible for manufacture of the pre-treated product is formed; and in a state in which the first member and the second member are separated from one another, a small capacity crucible for crystal growth is formed.

Abstract: The crystallization system includes a crucible provided with a bottom and with side walls designed to contain the material to be solidified and a device for creating a main thermal gradient inside the crucible in a perpendicular direction to the bottom of the crucible. An additional inductive heating device is arranged at the level of the side walls of the crucible facing the liquid material and without overlapping with the solid phase. This additional inductive heating device is configured to heat a part of the crystalline material located in the vicinity of the triple contact line between the liquid material, the solidified material and the crucible so that the interface between the liquid material and the solidified material forms a convex meniscus in the vicinity of the triple contact line.

Abstract: A crucible for growing crystals, in particular a sapphire single crystal, includes a base crucible made of W, Mo, Re or an alloy of these materials and an inner lining made of W, Mo, Re or an alloy of these materials. The base crucible has a substantially pot-like form. The inner lining has at least a pot-like first portion, which covers a bottom region of the base crucible, and a jacket-like second portion, which at least partially covers a wall region of the base crucible. The first portion and the second portion are formed by separate components. A process for growing sapphire single crystals using a crucible is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor or metal oxide ingot by sequentially inducing a liquid-to-solid phase transition of a liquid raw material following a solidification direction, the apparatus including: a crucible containing a semiconductor or metal oxide raw material; a cooling unit spaced apart from the crucible at a predetermined distance in a vertical direction, when a height direction of the crucible is designated by the vertical direction and a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction is designated by a horizontal direction; a first heating unit spaced apart from the crucible at a predetermined distance in the horizontal direction and surrounding a circumferential surface of the crucible; and an insulating member provided between the crucible and the cooling unit in the horizontal direction, a position of the insulating member being shifted by a shifting unit.

Abstract: This invention includes a system and a method for growing crystals including a batch auto-feeding mechanism. The proposed system and method provide a minimization of compositional segregation effect during crystal growth by controlling growth rate involving a high-temperature flow control system operable in an open and a closed loop crystal growth process. The ability to control the growth rate without corresponding loss of volatilize-able elements enables significantly improvement in compositional homogeneity and a consequent increase in crystal yield. This growth system and method can be operated in production scale, simultaneously for a plurality of growth crucibles to further the reduction of manufacturing costs, particularly for the crystal materials of binary or ternary systems with volatile components, such as Lead (Pb) and Indium (In).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for manufacturing crystalline silicon ingots by directional solidification, where the melt and carbonaceous structural parts of the crystallisation furnace is protected from the fumes of the melt by applying a gas conduit which leads the fumes directly out of the directional solidification compartment of the furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing a crystalline material in a crucible in a crystal growth apparatus is disclosed. The method comprises, in part, the step of determining the amount of solidified material present in a partially solidified melt produced during the growth phase using at least one laser positioned at a height above the crucible. A crystal growth apparatus comprising the laser is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an SiC single crystal includes a crucible for accommodating an Si—C solution and a seed shaft having a lower end surface where an SiC seed crystal (36) would be attached. The seed shaft includes an inner pipe that extends in a height direction of the crucible and has a first passage. An outer pipe accommodates the inner pipe and constitutes a second passage between itself and the inner pipe and has a bottom portion whose lower end surface covers a lower end opening of the outer pipe. One passage of the first and second passages serves as an introduction passage where coolant gas flows downward, and the other passage serves as a discharge passage where coolant gas flows upward. A region inside the pipe that constitutes the introduction passage is to be overlapped by a region of not less than 60% of the SiC seed crystal.

Abstract: Equipment for crystal growth by a vertical boat method includes a crucible enclosing a raw material, an ampoule encapsulating the crucible, and a crystal growth heater provided around the ampoule to heat the raw material. The raw material is melted into a raw material melt by the crystal growth heater, and a temperature of the raw material melt is controlled such that a crystal grows in the crucible from a bottom toward a top thereof. The crucible encloses GaAs as the raw material and Si as a dopant. The ampoule includes an additional B2O3 as an additional raw material at a position separated from the raw material, and a B2O3 adding-heater to heat the additional B2O3 separately from the raw material. A temperature of the additional B2O3 is controlled by the B2O3 adding-heater during growth of the crystal such that at least a portion of the additional B2O3 is melted and supplied into the crucible.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor crystal removal apparatus which realizes effective removal of a semiconductor crystal from a crucible through rapid melting of a solidified flux, and a method for producing a semiconductor crystal. The semiconductor crystal removal apparatus includes a crucible support for supporting a crucible so that the opening of the crucible is directed downward; a heater for heating the crucible supported on the crucible support; and a semiconductor crystal receiving net for receiving a semiconductor crystal falling from the opening of the crucible. The semiconductor crystal removal apparatus further includes a determination portion for determining removal of the semiconductor crystal on the basis of a change in weight through falling of the semiconductor crystal.

Abstract: This invention includes a system and a method for growing crystals including a batch auto-feeding mechanism. The proposed system and method provide a minimization of compositional segregation effect during crystal growth by controlling growth rate involving a high-temperature flow control system operable in an open and a closed loop crystal growth process. The ability to control the growth rate without corresponding loss of volatilize-able elements enables significantly improvement in compositional homogeneity and a consequent increase in crystal yield. This growth system and method can be operated in production scale, simultaneously for a plurality of growth crucibles to further the reduction of manufacturing costs, particularly for the crystal materials of binary or ternary systems with volatile components, such as Lead (Pb) and Indium (In).

Abstract: Provided are a silicon melt contact member which is markedly improved in liquid repellency to a silicon melt, which can retain the liquid repellency permanently, and which is suitable for production of crystalline silicon; and a process for efficient production of crystalline silicon, particularly, spherical crystalline silicon having high crystallinity, by use of the silicon melt contact member. A silicon melt contact member having a porous sintered body layer present on its surface, preferably the sintered body layer being present on a substrate of a ceramic material such as aluminum nitride, wherein the porous sintered body layer consists essentially of silicon nitride, has a thickness of 10 to 500 ?m, and has, dispersed therein, many pores preferably having an average equivalent circle diameter of 1 to 25 ?m at a pore-occupying area ratio of 30 to 80%, the pores connecting to each other to form communicating holes having a depth of 5 ?m or more.

Abstract: A single crystal of semiconductor material is produced by a method of melting semiconductor material granules by means of a first induction heating coil on a dish with a run-off tube consisting of the semiconductor material, forming a melt of molten granules which extends from the run-off tube in the form of a melt neck and a melt waist to a phase boundary, delivering heat to the melt by means of a second induction heating coil which has an opening through which the melt neck passes, crystallizing the melt at the phase boundary, and delivering a cooling gas to the run-off tube and to the melt neck in order to control the axial position of an interface between the run-off tube and the melt neck.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for purifying silicon using directional solidification. The apparatus can be used more than once for the directional solidification of silicon without failure. The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used to make silicon crystals for use in solar cells.

Abstract: A quality control process for determining the concentrations of boron and phosphorous in a UMG-Si feedstock batch is provided. A silicon test ingot is formed by the directional solidification of molten UMG-Si from a UMG-Si feedstock batch. The resistivity of the silicon test ingot is measured from top to bottom. Then, the resistivity profile of the silicon test ingot is mapped. From the resistivity profile of the silicon test ingot, the concentrations of boron and phosphorous of the UMG-Si silicon feedstock batch are calculated. Additionally, multiple test ingots may be grown simultaneously, with each test ingot corresponding to a UMG-Si feedstock batch, in a multi-crucible crystal grower.

Abstract: A crucible for forming a boule in a portion of an interior volume of the crucible. The crucible has a crucible base material forming the interior volume. The crucible base material is separated from the boule by a barrier coat disposed between the boule and the crucible base material. The barrier coat has a pin free conformal thickness conforming to a surface of the crucible base material regardless of a shape of a surface feature on the surface, the barrier coat having a melting point higher than that of the boule.

Abstract: This invention includes a system and a method for growing crystals including a batch auto-feeding mechanism. The proposed system and method provide a minimization of compositional segregation effect during crystal growth by controlling growth rate involving a high-temperature flow control system operable in an open and a closed loop crystal growth process. The ability to control the growth rate without corresponding loss of volatilize-able elements enables significantly improvement in compositional homogeneity and a consequent increase in crystal yield. This growth system and method can be operated in production scale, simultaneously for a plurality of growth crucibles to further the reduction of manufacturing costs, particularly for the crystal materials of binary or ternary systems with volatile components, such as Lead (Pb) and Indium (In).

Abstract: This invention relates to a system and a method for liquid silicon containment, such as during the casting of high purity silicon used in solar cells or solar modules. The containment apparatus includes a shielding ember adapted to prevent breaching molten silicon from contacting structural elements or cooling elements of a casting device, and a volume adapted to hold a quantity of breaching molten silicon with the volume formed by a bottom and one or more sides.

Abstract: A method for growing high-resistivity single crystals includes placing a raw material in a vacuum-sealable ampoule, heating the raw material in the vacuum-sealable ampoule to vaporize the moisture in the raw material, exhausting the vaporized moisture from the vacuum-sealable ampoule, vacuum-sealing the vacuum-sealable ampoule, heating the raw material in the vacuum-sealable ampoule to vaporize the oxide compounds in the raw material, cooling a bulb in a cap on the vacuum-sealable ampoule to produce condensed oxide compounds on an inner surface of the bulb, removing the bulb and the condensed oxide compounds from the vacuum-sealable ampoule, wherein the raw material in the vacuum-sealable ampoule comprises carbon as an impurity, and placing the vacuum-sealable ampoule comprising the raw material in a crystal growth apparatus to grow a high-resistivity crystal from the raw material.

Abstract: A method of producing a monocrystalline semiconductor material includes providing a starting material composed of the semiconductor material, transferring the starting material into a heating zone in which a melt composed of the semiconductor material is fed with the starting material, and lowering the melt from the heating zone and/or raising the heating zone such that, at a lower end portion of the melt, a solidification front forms along which the semiconductor material crystallizes in a desired structure, wherein the starting material composed of the semiconductor material is provided in liquid form and fed into the melt in liquid form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sapphire single crystal growing apparatus using the Kyropoulos method, and more particularly, is a Kyropoulos sapphire single crystal growing apparatus using an elliptic crucible, which can increase the recovery rate by the elliptic crucible and anisotropic heating.

Abstract: A single crystal of semiconductor material is produced by a method of melting semiconductor material granules by means of a first induction heating coil on a dish with a run-off tube consisting of the semiconductor material, forming a melt of molten granules which extends from the run-off tube in the form of a melt neck and a melt waist to a phase boundary, delivering heat to the melt by means of a second induction heating coil which has an opening through which the melt neck passes, crystallizing the melt at the phase boundary, and delivering a cooling gas to the run-off tube and to the melt neck in order to control the axial position of an interface between the run-off tube and the melt neck.

Abstract: A crystal growth furnace comprising at least three support pedestals supporting a crucible block and at least one means for stabilizing at least two of the support pedestals is disclosed. The stabilizing means can include support pedestals having a carbon-carbon composite outer layer recessed into the crucible block, a pedestal support system comprising at least one brace for securing at least two of the support pedestals to each other, or both.

Abstract: A solidification system is provided and includes a crucible, heater, insulation, movable insulation, and radiation regulator. The crucible is configured to retain a volume of silicon. The heater is to heat the crucible. The heater being configured to provide sufficient heat to melt the volume of silicon. The insulation is to reduce heat loss from a first portion of the crucible. The movable insulation to regulate heat loss from a second portion of the crucible. The radiation regulator is to regulate radiant heat loss over the second portion of the crucible. The radiation regulator is configured to modulate a size of an opening in the radiation regular through which radiant heat dissipates from.

Abstract: Systems and methods for crystal growth are provided. One method includes producing a lateral thermal profile in a furnace having a crucible therein containing a material for growing a crystal. The lateral thermal profile has three zones, wherein the first and third zones have temperatures above and below a melting point of the material, respectively, and the second zone has a plurality of temperatures with at least one temperature equal to the melting point of the material. The method further includes combining the lateral thermal profile with a vertical thermal gradient produced in the furnace, wherein the vertical thermal gradient causes a point in a bottom of the crucible located in the third zone to be the coldest point in the crucible. The method also includes transferring heat from the first and second zones to the third zone to produce a leading edge of the interface.

Abstract: A crystal growth device includes a crucible and a heater setting. The crucible has a bottom and a top opening. The heater setting surrounds the crucible and is movable relative to the crucible along a top-bottom direction of the crucible and between first and second positions. The heater setting includes a first temperature heating zone and a second temperature heating zone higher in temperature than the first temperature heating zone. The heater setting is in the first position when the crucible is in the second temperature heating zone and in the second position when the crucible is in the first temperature heating zone.

Abstract: Device for producing silicon blocks for photovoltaic applications, comprising a container for receiving a silicon melt with a base wall and at least one side wall, means for reducing the diffusion of impurities from at least one of the walls of the container into the silicon melt, wherein the means for reducing the diffusion of impurities comprise at least one covering element for the at least partial covering of at least one of the walls of the container.