Abstract: A method for controlling intake valves in an internal combustion with intake valves operated by more than one type of actuation device includes steps to accomplish smooth transitions among intake valve operating modes.

Abstract: A valve train for a small size diesel engine includes a pair of camshafts rotatively supported by and passing over a top of a cylinder head, one pair of intake and exhaust cams on each camshaft for each cylinder, two intake ports and two exhaust ports formed on the cylinder head over and around a bore center of each cylinder for communicating with the cylinder bore, two intake valves and two exhaust valves installed into the corresponding ports for selectively opening and closing the ports, rocker arms of which one end of each is connected to upper ends of the corresponding valves, and lash adjusters connected to other ends of the corresponding rocker arms for adjusting lash between the rocker arms and the cams, wherein the intake and exhaust ports are arranged in an alternative zigzag fashion.

Abstract: A side valve internal combustion engine provided with at least one combustion cylinder having a piston. At least two intake valves and at least one exhaust valve are provided for each of the combustion cylinders. In order to maintain a compact engine and provide a nozzle-type combustion chamber, the intake valves and exhaust valve are locate to one side of the combustion chamber in the engine block. The exhaust valve is further located at a greater distance from the combustion cylinder than the intake valves in order to decrease heat distribution on the cylinder walls. The nozzle-type chamber provides for efficient flow of gases within the engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake valves in an internal combustion with intake valves operated by more than one type of actuation device includes steps to accomplish smooth transitions among intake valve operating modes.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) which comprises at least one cylinder (3), at least two suction valves (4, 5) per cylinder (3), and individual suction channels (6, 7) of longer and shorter length for each cylinder (3). Each suction channel (6, 7) communicates with a suction valve (4, 5) respectively. At least two of the suction valves (4, 5) have different closing times in order to increase the air quantity sucked into the cylinder (3), and thereby increase the torque and power of the internal combustion engine (1). According to one embodiment, a throttle can be arranged in each suction channel (6, 7) and the shorter suction channel (6) can be provided with a smaller area of cross section than the longer suction channel (7).

Abstract: To provide an engine with a valve resting function for resting at least one of a plurality of intake valves when the engine is in a specific operational region, which is capable of preventing the flow-in of the remaining fuel in a combustion chamber when the rested intake valve is switched to be opened/closed, thereby preventing the reduction in engine output and the increase in unburned hydrocarbon. A communication passage is provided in a cylinder head for enabling a fuel-air mixture to flow from an intake passage corresponding to an intake valve in a resting state to an intake passage corresponding to an intake valve in a resting state, when said engine is in a specific operational region.

Abstract: Self-ignition control in a four-stroke internal-combustion engine, comprising several intake means and several exhaust means per cylinder. In order to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions during part-load operation, the exhaust means of each cylinder open (1 and 2) respectively during the exhaust phase so as to discharge the burnt gases from the cylinder and during the intake phase so as to reintroduce burnt gases into the cylinder, the time of opening (3) of an intake means being deferred so to allow fresh gas to pass into the cylinder after partial filling thereof with the burnt gases.

Abstract: Axis lines of first and second fuel injection valves are offset from first and second cylinder center lines of first and second combustion chambers by way of moving the first and second fuel injection valves along cam shafts by constituting limits by bringing fuel injection ranges of the first and second fuel injection valves to inner walls of opening portions. Even when the positions of the intake manifolds are obliged to move along the cam shafts, fuel injected from the fuel injection valves can be made to be difficult to adhere to the inner walls of the opening portions and vaporization of fuel can be expedited. Therefore, a mixture in the combustion chambers can be made uniform and engine performance such as response performance of engine rotation, fuel consumption, exhaust gas properties, occurrence of knocking or the like when the throttle valve is opened, can be improved.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection including a cylinder block containing at least one cylinder with a piston, which performs an oscillating motion in the cylinder and a cylinder head including a combustion chamber for the at least one cylinder, a total of five intake and exhaust valves with respective intake and exhaust ducts are arranged in the cylinder head in a circular array and a spark plug and an injector are arranged in a center area of the combustion chamber between the intake and exhaust valves and point towards the center of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises intake and exhaust valves. An electromagnetic actuator is provided for actuating each intake valve so that the intake valve makes its opening and closing action. A control unit is provided for controlling the electromagnetic actuator in accordance with engine operating conditions. The control unit is arranged to control the electromagnetic actuator in a manner to cause the intake valve to make first and second opening and closing actions in an intake stroke in synchronism with intake air pulsation. The first opening and closing action is before in time the second opening and closing action.

Abstract: In a fuel injection valve to be installed in a plurality of intake ports in each cylinder for engines, the fuel injection valve has a plate provided with a plurality of injection holes classified to first and second groups. The first group injection holes are so arranged on a circumference of a first circle so that fuel from the respective injection holes may be injected toward a first intake port and the second injection holes are so arranged on a circumference of a second circle so that fuel from the respective injection holes may be injected toward a second intake port. Diameters of the first and second circles are different so that the fuel flow amount distribution rate of the first group of injection holes to the second group of injection holes may be adjusted to a predetermined value on target.

Abstract: The invention relates to a four-stroke internal combustion engine with at least two inlet valves and an inlet flow path with at least two inlet ports per cylinder which branch off from a common inlet pipe and are guided separately up to the inlet valves and of which at least one inlet port is designed as a charge loading port and at least one inlet port as a volumetric port, with a throttle device for volumetric control being provided in the inlet flow path and the inlet flow path being connected with a fuel supply device. In order to achieve in the simplest possible way an improvement of the exhaust gas quality at low fuel consumption it is provided that the fuel supply device is formed by a joint carburettor for both inlet ports, with preferably the carburettor being arranged in the zone of the branching of the inlet ports from the inlet pipe.

Abstract: Breathing system for four-stroke, fuel injected internal combustion engines, wherein each poppet valve of each cylinder accomplishes a dual-duty to serve both as an exhaust valve (in the final process of a given cycle) and subsequently as an inlet valve (in the first process of the following cycle). The passages (external to the cylinder) where the valve ports and stems are located are connected to both the intake and the exhaust manifolds wherein air is forced to flow under pressure by means of a fan (or a blower or a compressor) driven by the engine, in order to sweep away the combustion gases during the exhaust process and subsequently to feed a sufficient amount of fresh air during the intake process.

Abstract: In a fuel injection apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector, an intake valve device for opening and closing an intake port, and an intake air flow control device arranged in an upstream side of the intake valve device, a fuel injection is synchronized with an intake stroke of the engine. A fuel spray is oriented to an inner wall face which is positioned in an opposite side to an inner wall face of a cylinder heads in a fuel injector side and the fuel spray is transported by an air flow having a strong fluidization which is entered from the intake air control device. In a port injection lean burn engine, an adhesion to the wall face according to the fuel spray can be reduced, and a quality and a formation state of an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder can be improved.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: A spark ignition internal combustion engine is described having a fuel supply system for separating the fuel into two or more continuous streams of fuel fractions having different octane ratings. The engine has an intake system that creates within each combustion chamber a stratified charge comprising at least two regions 113, 123 each containing a higher concentration of respective one of the fuel fractions. Each combustion chamber also has two spark plugs 114, 124 each located in a respective one of the stratified charge regions. The engine ignition system separately controls the spark timings of the spark plugs 114, 124 to vary the pattern of flame propagation through the stratified charge in the combustion chambers in dependence upon the engine operating conditions.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for use with internal combustion engines that uses two intake valves and one exhaust valve for each engine. The three valves are preferably circular and spaced around the cylinder centerline in said cylinder head. One or more spark plugs (or other suitable ignition devices) are provided in the head on the cylinder centerline and/or between pairs of adjacent valves. For best results, the ratio of total exhaust valve cross sectional area to total intake valve cross sectional area should be in the range of 45% to 65%. Three squish areas having a total area of at least about 12% of the bore cross-sectional area are preferably provided spaced around said combustion chamber periphery and extending between pairs of adjacent valves. At top dead center, the distance between the piston corresponding head squish pad areas is up to about 0.02 times the bore diameter.

Abstract: A valve module that can be assembled to an internal combustion engine chamber. The valve module may have a first intake valve, a second intake valve, a third intake valve, a first exhaust valve and a second exhaust valve. The valves may be driven to an open position by hydraulically driven first pins. The exhaust valves may further have hydraulically driven second pins. The additional pins may increase the hydraulic forces which allow the exhaust valves to be opened even when there is a large pressure in the combustion chamber. The first pins of the exhaust valves may be controlled by a microprocessor controlled first control valve. The second pins may be controlled by a microprocessor controlled second control valve. The separate control valves and additional hydraulic force of the second pins may allow the microprocessor to open the exhaust valves at any point during a cycle of a combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multicylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine having a cylinder head (1) with an intake and an outlet port arrangement for two admission valves (15, 16, 17, 18) and two exhaust valves (26, 27) per cylinder. The admission valves (15, 16, 17, 18) are fitted on opposite-lying longitudinal sides of the engine and the exhaust valves (26, 27) on respective opposite side walls in relation to the crankshaft axis. One swirl duct (11, 12) and one filling duct (13, 14) leading to the admission valves (15, 16, 17, 18) are provided per cylinder (7, 8).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with charge stratification and directed air flow is provided. A charge motion control valve is positioned in the upper intake manifold and bifurcated intake ports are utilized in the cylinder head which direct the air flow into one intake port when desired. This provides improved engine performance, emissions, and fuel economy with easier packaging and consequently reduced cost.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a piston reciprocably housed within a cylinder and hybrid intake valves, with one intake valve being driven by a camshaft and at least one intake valve being selectively powered by a power source other than the camshaft, such as a solenoid.

Abstract: A valve module that can be assembled to an internal combustion engine chamber. The valve module may have a first intake valve, a second intake valve, a third intake valve, a first exhaust valve and a second exhaust valve. The valves may be driven to an open position by hydraulically driven first pins. The exhaust valves may further have hydraulically driven second pins. The additional pins may increase the hydraulic forces which allow the exhaust valves to be opened even when there is a large pressure in the combustion chamber. The first pins of the exhaust valves may be controlled by a microprocessor controlled first control valve. The second pins may be controlled by a microprocessor controlled second control valve. The separate control valves and additional hydraulic force of the second pins may allow the microprocessor to open the exhaust valves at any point during a cycle of a combustion engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including an engine block having a top wall and a plurality of longitudinally aligned, spaced cylinders. A cylinder head has upper and lower walls with side walls extending therebetween. The cylinder head is mounted to the engine block with the lower walls sealingly opposing the top wall of the block so as to close the open ends of the cylinders. The cylinder head includes at least four passages associated with each of the cylinders extending through the cylinder head for delivering intake air to the associated cylinder and for removing exhaust gas from the associated cylinder. Each of these passages include an inlet, an outlet in fluid communication with the associated cylinder and a flow path extending therebetween. At least one of these passages includes a boss which is recessed in the passage and aligned with the inlet and which is adapted to receive a fastener employed to clamp the cylinder head to the engine block.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided with an intake port injection system capable of effectively delivering port injected quantities of fuel to each cylinder while minimizing the number and size of the fuel injectors. The intake port injection system of the present invention includes a siamese or shared port arrangement having a plurality of common intake inlets, each delivering air from an intake manifold to one intake port of one cylinder and an intake port of a different cylinder. Two single intake inlets are also provided for delivering intake air solely to a single respective cylinder. Importantly, in a multi-cylinder engine having a total number of cylinders equal to N, the number of intake inlets, both common and single, equals N+1. Importantly, the total number of injectors also equals N+1. Although each intake inlet is served by only one injector, two injectors operate simultaneously to deliver fuel to a single cylinder via respective intake inlets.

Abstract: A direct-injection spark-ignition engine having engine cylinders bored in a cylinder block, and a cylinder head mounted on the cylinder block, comprises at least one intake port provided for each of the engine cylinders. The ratio V/A of a stroke volume V (cm.sup.3) per cylinder to a cross-sectional area A (cm.sup.2) is set within a predetermined range defined by 45.ltoreq.V/A.ltoreq.55, where the cross-sectional area A is a minimum cross-sectional area obtained when the at least one intake port is cut by a plane extending in a direction substantially normal to a stream line of intake air flowing through the intake port.

Abstract: A control valve arrangement for a three-valve-per-cylinder internal combustion engine. The control valve arrangement controls not only the effective length of the intake passage serving each combustion chamber, but also controls the flow through the intake passage so as to generate turbulence under low-speed and low-load conditions. The control valve further includes a pair of valves which change not only the effective flow area, but also the effective flow direction. In this way varying degrees and types of turbulence can be generated during different engine running conditions. A number of different types of valve arrangements are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a piston-type internal-combustion engine having a cylinder, first and second intake ports opening into the cylinder, as well as first and second intake valves disposed in the first and second intake ports, respectively, for controlling admission of fuel into the cylinder. The method includes injecting fuel simultaneously into the first and second intake ports during operational cycles of the cylinder; at low engine load operating solely one of the first and second intake valves, while maintaining the other of the first and second intake valves inoperative. The operating step is alternated such that the first and second intake valves are alternatingly in an operative and in an inoperative state during consecutive operational cycles of the cylinder.

Abstract: A five valve per cylinder twin overhead cam internal combustion engine wherein the valve placement is such that the cam shafts may be located so as to directly operate the valves and still provide threaded fastener attachments that can be tightened when the cam shaft is in place. The placement of the valves and the size of their actuating tappets is such to maintain optimum strength and durability while maintaining a compact construction.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of induction systems for multiple valve internal combustion engines wherein the performance of the engine is improved throughout the engine speed and load ranges by providing variable effective areas for the induction passages. The embodiments disclosed all relate to three intake valve engines and show a number of different variations in intake passages. In all embodiments an EGR system is employed for improving exhaust emission control.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of twin overhead cam shaft reciprocating machines having a plurality of poppet valves. A variable valve timing mechanism is interposed between the cam shafts and respective of the poppet valves for varying their lift and for changing the number of effective poppet valves per cylinder. The lift changing mechanism includes means for shifting at least one rocker arm follower and provides a relatively compact yet highly efficient structure for achieving this purpose.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve comprising a front attachment in whose wall a blocking element is displaceably supported; on its slide segment toward an air chamber, the pressure in the inlet tube upstream of a throttle valve prevails, while in the opposite direction the intake tube pressure downstream of the throttle valve is operative. If there is a sufficient pressure difference, the blocking element is displaced to the left far enough that it blocks at least one injection port on the fuel injection valve and blocks one guide conduit in the front attachment. As a result, only the one open inlet valve of one cylinder of the engine is supplied with fuel, via the at least one open injection port and the open guide conduit. The fuel injection valve is especially suitable for fuel injection in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of multi-valve internal combustion engines having a manifold fuel injection and a control valve which changes the air flow pattern into the combustion chamber between an unrestricted flow and a restricted flow wherein turbulence is generated. An air assist arrangement including a number of different embodiments of insert pieces are employed for changing the spray pattern in response to the position of the control valve so as to provide the desired fuel flow into the combustion chamber when the control valve is controlling the air flow.

Abstract: A cylinder head construction for an internal combustion engine embodying a bonded valve seat so that the flow passages can extend substantially straight through the cylinder head to the valve seat and pass through the center of the valve seat and intersect the center of the respective valve.

Abstract: Two embodiments of multiple-valve engines wherein both the spark plug and fuel injector are mounted in the cylinder head in side-by-side relationship with their axes lying in a common plane. The spark plug and fuel injector axes extend into the combustion chamber recess in an area that is circumscribed by a circle passing through the centers of the valve seats.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of induction systems for three-intake-valve-per-cylinder internal combustion engines, wherein the intake valves and the flow passages serving them are disposed so as to generate a tumble motion in the inducted intake charge. A number of embodiments of control valves are provided for redirecting the flow and increasing the tumble action under low-speed, low-load conditions. The control valve in each embodiment is journaled in the cylinder head at a position outwardly of the fasteners which secure the cylinder head to the cylinder block, but still quite close to the valve seats so as to provide maximum turbulence generation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine cylinder; a first intake port leading to the cylinder for introducing combustion gases thereinto; a first intake valve situated at the cylinder in the first intake port; a second intake port leading to the cylinder for introducing combustion gases thereinto; a second intake valve situated at the cylinder in the second intake port; and a throttle arrangement situated in the second intake port for varying a flow passage cross section thereof. The throttle arrangement includes a flat sliding member movable in a direction of motion thereof perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the second intake port for varying the flow passage cross section thereof.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a multicylinder direct injection engine includes a fuel injection valve installed at each cylinder, a secondary intake air flow path provided for generating a slewing flow of intake air taken in an intake pipe, and a gas flow control valve for controlling the slewing flow generated in each cylinder by adjusting the flow rate of air flowing through the secondary intake air flow path. The control apparatus further includes an air/fuel controller for controlling the air/fuel control ratio in each cylinder by controlling fuel injection amount without using the opening of the gas flow control valve in the respective cylinder, for a first operational region of a small amount of accelerator operation.

Abstract: An intake system is described for a spark ignition internal combustion engine having ports per cylinder, which may lead to a common intake valve or two separate intake valves. One of the intake ports (12) is shaped to direct a first flow tangentially near the outer periphery of the cylinder and the other intake port (20) is shaped to direct a second, swirling, flow towards the center of the cylinder. The second swirling flow has the same direction of rotation as that of the first flow. Injectors (28) are provided for introducing fuel into the second swirling flow thereby producing within the cylinder a charge that is radially stratified with a combustible mixture concentrated near the center of the cylinder.

Abstract: A five-valve per cylinder combustion chamber and intake passage arrangement. The side intake passages of the induction system are configured so that the flow exiting them extend toward each other at acute angles and intersect at a point outside of the cylinder bore axis for improving turbulence in the combustion chamber. A fuel injector is also provided which injects fuel only into the side intake passages.

Abstract: A five valve per cylinder twin overhead cam internal combustion engine wherein the valve placement is such that the cam shafts may be located so as to directly operate the valves and still provide threaded fastener attachments that can be tightened when the cam shaft is in place. The placement of the valves and the size of their actuating tappets is such to maintain optimum strength and durability while maintaining a compact construction.

Abstract: A multi-valve manifold injected internal combustion engine. The fuel injector has a spray pattern that is directed primarily toward each of the intake valve seats. An air control system is incorporated, however, that directs the airflow primarily toward the center intake valve seat under some running conditions so as to improve fuel stratification.

Abstract: An intake system for an internal combustion engine includes first and second inlet passages for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The second inlet passage is provided with a butterfly valve arrangement integrated into the flange area of the intake manifold for selectively closing or opening the passage, and a drive unit is provided for operating this valve arrangement depending on the operational state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A unitary cylinder head assembly for a five-valve per cylinder internal combustion engine. The cylinder head assembly has upstanding walls that form tappet receiving bores for receiving the tappets that operate the respective valves. In addition, these walls provide bearing surfaces for a pair of camshafts, one of which actuates one set of valves and the other of which actuates another set of valves. The threaded fastening means for affixing the cylinder head to the cylinder block are disposed axially beyond the walls and in the case of the set containing the greater number of valves transversely outwardly from the walls. However, the threaded fastening means are disposed so that they are equal distance from the associated cylinder bore axis.

Abstract: The present invention is a variable compression ratio engine which can operate both in a Miller cycle and a normal cycle, and which can produce a high output, reduce the generation of NOx, and prevent the occurrence of knocking. For this purpose, the engine is provided with an exhaust gas recirculating device equipped with a first cam shaft (10), provided with cams (11, 12, 13) for operating an intake valve (2) and exhaust valves (4, 5), and a second cam shaft (20), provided with cams (21, 22) for operating at least one intake valve (3) and an exhaust valve (5) to thereby recirculate part of exhaust gas into intake gas.

Abstract: In a valve operating system designed to open and close intake valves of an internal combustion engine by an electromagnetic force, a first electromagnetic driving device for electromagnetically driving a first intake valve capable of opening and closing a first intake valve bore and a second electromagnetic driving device for electromagnetically driving a second intake valve capable of opening and closing a second intake valve bore are controlled by a control device in a manner so that when the engine is in a predetermined operational state, the first intake valve is opened and closed in a condition in which the second intake valve has been closed and stopped. Thus, it is possible to produce a swirl equivalent to that produced by changing of the lift amount, to provide a reduction in consumed electric power and to achieve a reliable engine operation, e.g., starting.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to obtain good characteristics of forming sprays of fuel jetted through a plurality of injection ports of a fuel injection valve with respect to separation of sprays in different directions, atomization, jetting angles and penetrating force.Fuel jetted through the injection ports of the fuel injection valve is jetted in separate jets from a plurality of fuel flow separating holes of a sleeve nozzle. On the other hand, band-like assist air flows are jetted in a two-dimensional manner from slit-like air holes opened on the opposite sides of the fuel flow separating holes to impinge obliquely against the jetted fuel. Atomization of fuel jetted through the plurality of fuel flow separating holes is thereby promoted and fuel sprays are accurately separated and supplied independently in two directions toward two intake valves while the directions of jets from the injection ports of the fuel injection valve are maintained, thus injecting and supplying fuel.

Abstract: A valve body and injector nozzle support that can be utilized with a multi-port internal combustion engine cylinder head so that the induction passage can be tuned to provide a relatively small effective area to generate turbulence at low speeds and low loads and provide a substantially unrestricted passage under high speed high load conditions. A number of embodiments of such arrangements are disclosed and each is effective in improving the engine torque throughout the entire engine speed and load ranges.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an engine comprising a pair of exhaust valves arranged on one side of an inner wall of a cylinder head. A pair of intake valves are arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the cylinder head. Inflow suppressing walls for suppressing the inflow of the intake air from the openings of the intake valves are formed along the peripheral portions of the intake valves positioned opposite to the exhaust valves and positioned between the intake valves. The parts of the inner wall of the cylinder head around the peripheral portions of the intake valves positioned opposite to the exhaust valves and positioned opposite to the other intake valves are expanded outward from the cylinder bore.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of three valve per cylinder engines which permit effective running under all engine running conditions by controlling the flow to some of the intake ports and by redirecting the flow, in some instances to other intake ports. A wide variety of control valves and fuel injector arrangements are also disclosed.

Abstract: An induction system for an internal combustion engine having at least one intake passage that is configured to generate a tumble and swirl to the intake charge. This is accomplished by providing a masked section adjacent the valve seat so that the flow entering the combustion chamber is directed across the combustion chamber to generate the tumble action. There is also provided a secondary intake passage that delivers a charge to the combustion chamber in a substantially unrestricted fashion so as to permit high power outputs. The secondary intake passage has the flow through it controlled by a throttle valve that is closed under low and mid-range running conditions.