Abstract: This invention relates to a forced air recirculation tobacco curing apparatus which provides support for tobacco bins within the apparatus and is adapted to permit a loading vehicle to drive in and out of the apparatus to load or unload the bins.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for applying treating fluids to tobacco involves a vertically disposed tower or chamber that is provided with tobacco inlet and outlet means, a plurality of cooperating, vertically spaced baffles arranged in alternating fashion and a plurality of spraying devices located within the tower or chamber at points intermediate the inlet and outlet means. Tobacco and treating fluid are introduced into the tower or chamber at controlled flow rates via the tobacco inlet means and spraying devices, respectively, to give tobacco treated with the desired quantities of treating fluid.

Abstract: Smoking articles, e.g. cigarettes, are disclosed into the fuel rod of which particulate smoke-modifying agent has been introduced in such a manner that the concentration of the agent is greater at one or each end of the fuel rod than that at the middle region of the fuel rod. The result of this variation in concentration of the smoke-modifying agent is that the amount of agent released into the smoke varies as the article is smoked. Various forms of smoking article are disclosed together with methods of production.

Abstract: Freshly cut tobacco leaves are processed wherein the processing includes particle size reduction and drying immediately upon harvesting.

Abstract: Novel shredded tobacco stem material having a much lower burn rate than other stem material and other beneficial properties and useful in the formation of cigarettes is formed by a novel procedure which produces only a relatively minor proportion of particulate material. The procedure, which is also applicable to tobacco stalk and tobacco winnowing, involves an initial thorough soaking of the stem, stalk or winnowings to a relatively high moisture level and mechanical fiberizing of the soaked material in a disc refiner at atmospheric pressure and preferably at ambient temperatures. The resulting shredded stem, stalk or winnowings in fibrous form is dried to the desired moisture level.

Abstract: Dry, compacted masses of tobacco are conditioned by inserting an array of parallel perforated probes into the mass and passing high pressure steam through the probes and probe perforations into the tobacco mass as the probes are inserted and withdrawn. The conditioning apparatus includes a frame supporting a probe array and a ram for moving the array toward and away from a tobacco mass supported by a conveyor. The probes are flexibly mounted to prevent bending, and extend through a stripper plate which is supported from the array by way of a latching mechanism. The stripper plate holds the tobacco mass in place to prevent lifting of the mass upon withdrawal of the probes.

Abstract: A method of fermenting and aging tobacco under endothermic conditions in which the tobacco is fermented in an atmosphere containing more than 25% by volume oxygen and preferably in either pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air. The tobacco product is thereby fermented more rapidly than with earlier endothermic techniques, with reduction in the nicotine content, less condensate, and reduced pesticide content.

Abstract: A method for increasing the filling power of sheet or shredded reconstituted tobacco which is normally not susceptible to conventional expansion techniques is provided. In the practice of the method reconstituted tobacco having a uniform moisture content of 15-50 weight percent is heated to a temperature above about 90.degree. C. for a period of time beyond that required to drive off substantially all moisture and then is reordered. Heating may be effected in a convection or microwave oven or a drying tower. By means of the method, the tobacco is stiffened whereby a substantially irreversible filling power increase is effected.

Abstract: In a pressure vessel of the type used for processing a product with a liquid cryogen such as the impregnation of tobacco with liquid carbon dioxide for expansion thereof, a withdrawal door, pivotally hinged to open to permit gravitational discharge of the processed product, includes a grating to support the product in the vessel when the door is closed. A wire screen mesh is disposed on the grating to permit gaseous and liquid cryogen to pass therethrough while substantially preventing product from passing therethrough. A holding apparatus includes means for securely holding the screen fixed relative to the grating at the periphery and interior surface portions of the screen, the apparatus preferably including a gridded structure for minimizing stretching and tearing of the screen during discharge of the processed product from the vessel.

Abstract: Described are compounds having the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein each of the lines ++++ and the wavy line represent single or carbon-carbon double bonds; wherein each of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.1 ' represents hydrogen, methyl or methylene; wherein R.sub.5 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; with the proviso that when R.sub.2 is CH.sub.3, R.sub.1 ' is hydrogen and ++++ represents a single bond and the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; and with the further proviso that when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, R.sub.1 ' is methyl and ++++ represents a carbon-carbon single bond and the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond or R.sub.1 ' is methylene (CH.sub.2) and ++++ is a carbon-carbon double bond and the wavy line is a carbon-carbon single bond are disclosed.