Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate treating apparatus in which a first treating unit is located rightward of a transportation space. The first treating unit includes a first holder. A second treating unit is located leftward of the transportation space. The second treating unit includes a second holder. The first holder has a center point positioned more rearward than a middle point of the first treating unit in plan view. The second holder has a center point positioned more forward than a middle point of the second treating unit in plan view. The second treating unit has a front end located more rearward than a front end of the first treating unit and more forward than a rear end of the first treating unit. The first liquid reservoir is located leftward of the transportation space and adjacent to and in front of the second treating unit.

Abstract: A polymer plastic front plate comprises: a plastic substrate and a hard coating layer formed on an adhesion surface of the plastic substrate. The hard coating layer comprises: organic-inorganic hybrid UV oligomer, high Tg UV resin additive, a plurality of dispersed flaky nano inorganic material, and photo initiator, so as to form a gas barrier hard coating layer with high surface dyne value (>44 dyne) on the adhesion surface of the plastic substrate. It not only has good ink printability and OCA adhesiveness, but also inhibits the diffusion of fugitive gas from polymer plastic front plates during high-temperature, high-temperature and high-humidity, high-low temperature thermal shocks and other harsh automotive industry environmental tests. The gas can be avoided from entering the OCA layer, thereby solving the problems of bubbles and delamination after the environmental tests are performed.

Abstract: A controller of a substrate processing apparatus causes execution of: a cleaning process of cleaning at least a bottom surface of a cover by a cleaning liquid that fills a space between a top surface of a substrate and the bottom surface of the cover by supplying, in a state in which a vertical distance between the top surface of a substrate (a cleaning substrate) held by a substrate holder and the bottom surface of the cover is set to a first distance, the cleaning liquid to the top surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate; and after the cleaning process, a drying process of drying at least the bottom surface of the cover by stopping, in a state in which the vertical distance is set to a second distance greater than the first distance, the supply of the cleaning liquid while rotating the substrate.

Abstract: A laundry appliance includes a basket rotatably mounted within a cabinet and defining a chamber configured for receiving a load of clothes, a door pivotally mounted to the cabinet for providing selective access to the chamber, and a camera assembly mounted within the cabinet in view of the chamber. A controller is configured to initiate an automatic self-clean cycle, the method comprising determining that the door is closed, obtaining one or more images of the chamber using the camera assembly, determining that there is no load in the chamber based at least in part on the one or more images, determining that a self-clean condition is satisfied, and commencing the self-clean cycle.

Abstract: A wafer-cleaning apparatus includes an inner pin that supports a wafer. The wafer-cleaning apparatus further includes a nozzle disposed above the inner pin, a light source disposed under the inner pin, a window disposed between the light source and the wafer, and a window protector disposed between the wafer and the window. The nozzle supplies a chemical liquid to the wafer and the inner pin distributes a portion of the chemical liquid on an upper surface of the wafer by rotating the wafer. The window protector receives a portion of the chemical liquid that flows out of the wafer and the light source supplies the light to the wafer through the window protector and the window.

Abstract: A method for processing a substrate includes forming a pattern on a substrate, supplying water to cover the pattern, and after the supplying the water, irradiating the pattern with light having a wavelength longer that which causes dissociation of water. A substrate processing apparatus of an embodiment includes a transfer chamber to receive a patterned substrate, a water supplying chamber to cover the pattern with water, and an irradiating chamber to irradiate a portion of the pattern with near-field light.

Abstract: A drying module 300 according to the present disclosure includes a drying tank 320 having a wall 322, a liquid supply port 334 for supplying liquid to an inner surface of the wall 322 and an outlet 336, a plurality of nozzles 340 for spraying a gas to a substrate holder 200, a liquid supply system 312 which supplies the liquid from the liquid supply port 334 to the inside of the drying tank 320, a gas supply system 310 which supplies the gas to the plurality of nozzles 340, and a control module 380. The control module 380 controls the liquid supply system 312 and the gas supply system 310 such that the plurality of nozzles 340 sprays the gas to the substrate holder 200 or a substrate W while the liquid supply port 334 supplies the liquid to the inner surface of the wall 322.

Abstract: A cleaning module for cleaning a wafer comprises a wafer gripping device configured to support a wafer in a vertical orientation and comprises a catch cup and a gripper assembly. The catch cup comprises a wall that has an annular inner surface that defines a processing region and has an angled portion that is symmetric about a central axis of the wafer gripping device. The gripper assembly comprises a first plate assembly, a second plate assembly, a plurality of gripping pin, and a plurality of loading pin. The gripping pins are configured to grip a wafer during a cleaning process and the loading pins are configured to grip the wafer during a loading and unloading process. The cleaning module further comprises a sweep arm coupled to a nozzle mechanism configured to deliver liquids to the front and back side of the wafer.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes forming a high surface tension liquid film by supplying high surface tension liquid on a substrate surface, replacing the high surface tension liquid film with low surface tension liquid by supplying the low surface tension liquid to a center area of a substrate so that the low surface tension liquid impinges on the high surface tension liquid film formed on the center area of the substrate, and supplying high surface tension liquid for a predetermined period of time during the supplying the low surface tension liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a coating module for applying a coating liquid to each wafer and discharging a removing liquid from a nozzle toward a beveled portion of the wafer under rotation; an imaging module; and a controller for controlling: the imaging module to image outer end and rear surfaces of the wafer; obtaining a height dimension of an outer edge of a coating film with respect to an inner edge of the beveled portion based on the imaging result; determining whether or not the obtained dimension is an allowable value; if the result is negative, resetting the number of revolutions of the wafer based on the obtained dimension and a first reference data; controlling the coating module to again perform the application and removal operations; performing the determination process; and if the result is positive, storing the reset number of revolutions in a storage part.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes a chuck stage, a scrubber nozzle, a scrubber nozzle scan mechanism, a stage rotation mechanism, and a holding stage including a holding fluid nozzle and a top plate, the top plate having one main surface facing an opposite surface of a wafer, and the holding fluid nozzle being disposed adjacent to a center rather than a periphery portion of the top plate. A holding fluid discharged from the holding fluid nozzle is caused to flow through an area between the opposite surface of the wafer and the one main surface of the top plate to produce holding force, and the holding force causes the opposite surface to hold pressure applied to a processing surface of the wafer by a scrubbing fluid discharged from the scrubber nozzle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for liquid-treating a substrate. In a method for treating a substrate, the substrate may be treated by supplying a treatment liquid onto the rotating substrate by using a first nozzle and a second nozzle, the first nozzle supplies the treatment liquid to an area including a central area on the substrate, and the second nozzle supplies the treatment liquid to a peripheral area of the substrate.

Abstract: A cartridge cleaning device comprising a cleaning nozzle joined to means for vertically displacing the nozzle, a power unit, and a rotatable platform. Fluid is introduced to the device and split into two streams, one stream providing fluid to the cleaning nozzle and the other stream directed to the power unit and effectuating rotation of a power wheel, thereby generating a torque which is transferred to the means for vertically displacing the nozzle and the rotatable platform. The torque to the means for vertically displacing the cleaning nozzle effectuates vertical displacement of the nozzle. The torque to the rotatable platform effectuates rotation of the rotatable platform on which at least one cartridge is placed during cleaning operations. The cleaning nozzle directs a stream onto the cartridge surface and perpendicular to the cartridge longitudinal axis and is displaced vertically in concert with cartridge rotation.

Abstract: A cartridge cleaning device comprising a cleaning nozzle joined to means for vertically displacing the nozzle, a power unit, and a rotatable platform. Fluid is introduced to the device and split into two streams, one stream providing fluid to the cleaning nozzle and the other stream directed to the power unit and effectuating rotation of a power wheel, thereby generating a torque which is transferred to the means for vertically displacing the nozzle and the rotatable platform. The torque to the means for vertically displacing the cleaning nozzle effectuates vertical displacement of the nozzle. The torque to the rotatable platform effectuates rotation of the rotatable platform on which at least one cartridge is placed during cleaning operations. The cleaning nozzle directs a stream onto the cartridge surface and perpendicular to the cartridge longitudinal axis and is displaced vertically in concert with cartridge rotation.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes holding a substrate horizontally, supplying water-containing processing liquid to an upper surface of the substrate, forming a low surface tension liquid film, covering the upper surface by supplying that liquid to the substrate's upper surface, supplying a gas to a center region of the liquid film to form an opening in the center, widening the opening in order to remove the film, rotating the substrate around a predetermined rotational axis along a vertical direction, blowing, in the opening widening step, the gas toward a gas supply position that is set further inward than a peripheral edge of the opening on the upper surface of the substrate, and moving the gas supply position toward the peripheral edge of the upper surface of the substrate, and supplying, the low surface tension liquid toward a liquid landing position that is set further outward and moving the liquid landing position toward the peripheral edge of the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes a chemical liquid supplying step of supplying a chemical liquid to a substrate, an elapsed period measuring step of measuring an after-the-end elapsed period, a recovery step of controlling the switching unit to be in a recovery guiding state, when, at a start of the chemical liquid supplying step, the after-the-end elapsed period is less than a predetermined first period, and a draining step of controlling the switching unit to be in a drain guiding state, in which the liquid led to the recovery space is led to the drain line, when, at the start of the chemical liquid supplying step, the after-the-end elapsed period is not less than the predetermined first period and then switching to the recovery guiding state based on establishment of a predetermined draining ending condition.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes a replacing step of replacing the processing liquid with a low surface tension liquid, a liquid film forming step of forming a liquid film of the low surface tension liquid on the upper surface of the substrate, by continuing supplying the low surface tension liquid to the upper surface of the substrate after the replacing step, an opening forming step of forming an opening at a central region of the liquid film, an enlarging removing step of removing the liquid film from the upper surface of the substrate by enlarging the opening toward a peripheral edge of the substrate, and a liquid film contact step of bringing a proximity member into contact with the liquid film, by bringing the proximity member close to the peripheral edge of the substrate after starting the opening forming step.

Abstract: The polishing head comprises: a head main body part; a carrier being connected to the head main body part; a pressure chamber; a fluid supplying section; a linear motion guide having an outer cylindrical body and a spline shaft, which is provided in the outer cylindrical body and capable of moving in an axial direction thereof, and which is prohibited to rotate with respect to the outer cylindrical body so as to transmit a rotational force to the spline shaft through the outer cylindrical body; and a rotation transmitting plate being provided between a lower end of the spline shaft and an upper face of the carrier, the rotation transmitting plate being capable of tiltably supporting the carrier and transmitting a rotational force of the spline shaft to the carrier.

Abstract: A process for treating at least one garment.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes a liquid film forming step of supplying a low surface tension liquid onto the upper surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate at a first rotational speed, in order to form a liquid film of the low surface tension liquid on the upper surface of the substrate, a rotation decelerating step of decelerating rotation of the substrate to a second rotational speed while continuing the liquid film forming step, after a processing liquid on the substrate has been replaced with the low surface tension liquid, an opening forming step of forming an opening in the center region of the liquid film on the substrate that rotates at the second rotational speed after completion of the liquid film forming step, and a liquid film removing step of removing the liquid film from the upper surface of the substrate by widening the opening.

Abstract: A method for thickening a cryogenic slurry is disclosed. The method comprises providing a cryogenic slurry flow path, a cryogenic liquid discharge path, and a filter medium between the cryogenic slurry flow path and the cryogenic liquid discharge path. The cryogenic slurry comprises a solid and a cryogenic liquid. The cryogenic slurry is fed into the cryogenic slurry flow path, generally tangential to the filter medium. This causes a portion of the cryogenic liquid to cross the filter medium into the cryogenic liquid discharge path as a cryogenic liquid discharge and the cryogenic slurry to thicken to produce a thickened slurry. The filter medium comprises a cryogenically-stable material such that adsorption of gases is inhibited, deposition of solids is prevented, and temperature-change induced expansion and contraction of the filter medium is optimized.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate rotating unit 11 configured to hold and rotate a substrate 3; a processing liquid supplying unit 13 configured to supply a processing liquid to the substrate; and a replacement liquid supplying unit 14 configured to supply, to the substrate, a replacement liquid with which the processing liquid supplied from the processing liquid supplying unit is replaced. While the replacement liquid supplying unit 14 supplies the replacement liquid to the substrate, the processing liquid supplying unit 13 supplies the processing liquid to a position on the substrate positioned at an outer peripheral side thereof than a supply position of the replacement liquid to form a liquid film of the processing liquid. It is possible to maintain a state in which the entire surface of the substrate is covered with the liquid film without increasing consumption amount of the replacement liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for liquid-treating a substrate. The method for liquid-treating a substrate includes a first treatment liquid supplying operation of supplying a first treatment liquid to a treatment location of the substrate, and a wetting operation of, after the first treatment liquid supplying operation, supplying a wetting liquid onto the substrate, wherein the wetting operation includes a simultaneous supply operation of supplying the wetting liquid to the first location while the first treatment liquid is supplied, and wherein the first location is a location deviating from the treatment location. Accordingly, the surface of the substrate may be prevented from being dried while the treatment liquid is converted to a wetting liquid.

Abstract: Laundry washing machine (1) having an outer casing (2), a washing tub (3), arranged inside the casing (2), a rotatable drum (4), arranged in axially rotating manner inside the washing tub (3) and designed to receive laundry to be washed, and a detergent dispensing assembly (12), designed for supplying laundry detergent into the washing tub (3). The washing machine also has a water softening system (14), designed to receive fresh water from a water mains (13) and reduce the hardness degree of the fresh water in order to supply softened water the detergent dispensing assembly (12) and/or to the washing tub (3), during one or more softened water laundry washing phases, and a control panel (28) configured to allow operator to input information associated with washing performance/s. A controller (15) is configured to control the water softening system (14) in order to perform a washing program comprising one or more softened water laundry washing phases based on input washing performance/s information.

Abstract: A wet etching method according to the present disclosure includes rotating a substrate, supplying an etching chemical liquid to a first surface (a surface on which a device is formed) of the rotating substrate, and supplying an etching inhibiting liquid (DIW) to a second surface (a surface on which no device is formed) of the substrate while supplying the chemical liquid to the substrate. The etching inhibiting liquid wraps around the first surface through an edge of the substrate and reaches a first region extending from the edge of the substrate on the peripheral edge portion of the first surface to a first radial position located radially inward from the edge on the first surface. As a result, bevel etching of an upper layer of a substrate on which a film having two layers is formed may be satisfactorily performed.

Abstract: The substrate drying apparatus includes a rinse agent nozzle configured to eject a rinse agent to the substrate while moving away from a center of the substrate relative to the substrate, a drying gas nozzle configured to spout a drying gas to the substrate while moving away from the center of substrate relative to the substrate with movement of the rinse agent nozzle, a liquid area sensor and a dried area sensor configured to sense a surface of the substrate around an interface of the rinse agent by moving away from the center of the substrate with movement of the rinse agent nozzle and the drying gas nozzle, and a control unit configured to control a drying condition based on the sensing results of the liquid area sensor and the dried area sensor.

Abstract: In a method of cleaning a substrate, a protecting liquid may be sprayed to a surface of the substrate from a first position in a first spray direction. Cleaning droplets may be injected on to the surface of the substrate. The protecting liquid may be sprayed to the surface of the substrate from a second position different from the first position in a second spray direction. For example, the protecting liquid may be always sprayed from the central portion toward the edge portions in the substrate so that the protecting liquid on the substrate may have a uniform thickness.

Abstract: The inventive concepts provide an apparatus for treating a substrate. The apparatus includes a housing proving an inner space in which a substrate is treated, a spin head supporting and rotating the substrate in the housing, an injection unit comprising a first nozzle member spraying a first treatment solution to the substrate put on the spin head, and a controller controlling the first nozzle member. The first nozzle member includes a body, a vibrator, a pump, and a power source.

Abstract: A laundry washing machine and method automate the selection of a load type for a laundry washing machine during an initial fill phase of a wash cycle and based in part on weight and fluid level sensed by weight and fluid level sensors operatively coupled to a wash tub and after a selected amount of water has been dispensed into the wash tub.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for processing a substrate includes a non-vacuum enclosure; at least one opening in the non-vacuum enclosure to insert a substrate into or remove a substrate from the non-vacuum enclosure; a movable substrate carrier, including a plurality of substrate holders, disposed within the non-vacuum enclosure to linearly move substrates disposed on the plurality of substrate holders; a heater to heat an interior of the non-vacuum enclosure; a gas supply to supply a gas to the interior of the non-vacuum enclosure; and a vent to exhaust the gas from the interior of the non-vacuum enclosure.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus for processing a wafer including a temporary substrate and a semiconductor device. The substrate processing apparatus includes a first half portion, a second half portion and a liquid supply unit. The first half portion includes a working platform. The second half portion includes an upper cover having a first surface and a plurality of second holes. The liquid supply unit provides a liquid. The wafer is placed on the working platform, and a second surface of the semiconductor device and the first surface are spaced by a distance sufficient for allowing the liquid to come into contact with the first surface when the liquid flows at the second surface to generate a suction force on the second surface. As such, a peel force is formed between the temporary substrate and the semiconductor device to cause the two to separate from each other.

Abstract: A method for controlling a rinsing cycle of a washing machine is provided. The method may include a primary rinsing by supplying water into the inner tub until a water level in the outer tub becomes a preset circulating water level, wherein some of the water is supplied through a drawer in the washing machine that holds fabric softener, and a remaining amount of water is supplied by spraying the water supplied from the external water source through the direct water nozzle via a direct water supply hose, a secondary rinsing by spraying water into the inner tub through the circulating nozzle, and a third rinsing by spraying the water into the inner tub through the direct water nozzle while draining the outer tub.

Abstract: A laundry washing machine and method utilize weight, fluid level and fluid property sensors to dynamically select a load type, control a wash cycle and control an amount of detergent dispensed during a wash cycle.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate holding part, a substrate rotating mechanism, a processing liquid supply part for supplying a processing liquid onto the substrate, a cup part for receiving the processing liquid spattering from the substrate being rotated, by its inner peripheral surface, a top plate disposed above the substrate, and a liquid film forming part for forming a rotating liquid film which rotates in the same direction as the substrate does, on the inner peripheral surface of the cup part, by supplying a liquid onto an upper surface of the top plate rotating in the same direction as the substrate rotates, in parallel with a processing of the substrate with the processing liquid. It is possible to prevent droplets caused by collision of the processing liquid spattering from the substrate against the cup part from being deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling a washing apparatus, and more particularly, to method for controlling a washing apparatus provided with an independently rotatable drum and a pulsator, comprising a step of draining further comprising a plurality of steps of draining a predetermined amount of rinsing water at a time; a middle step of dehydrating; and a step of supplying water, further comprising a plurality of steps of providing a predetermined amount of rinsing water at a time.

Abstract: A method of cleaning and drying a semiconductor wafer including inserting a semiconductor wafer into a chamber of a cleaning tool, spinning the semiconductor wafer in a range of about 300 revolutions per minute to about 1600 revolutions per minute, and simultaneously spraying the semiconductor wafer with de-ionized water and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and nitrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a panel polishing device, comprising a polishing belt movable along a predefined direction and a spray head arranged above the belt. The spray head has a main body and a plurality of through-holes penetrating the main body in its thickness direction. Through-holes have outlets facing the belt and are arranged along a length direction of the spray head. The length direction of the spray head conforms to a movement direction of the belt. At least the through-holes on both sides of the main body are oblique outwardly with respect to the remaining through-holes. Also, the disclosure provides a panel cleaning equipment including the panel polishing device. In the device according to the disclosure, pressure of bi-component fluid is more widely applied onto belt and a larger belt is contacted with the panel, such that the panel is thoroughly cleaned without polishing blind regions on both sides thereof.

Abstract: A substrate liquid processing apparatus including: a substrate rotary-holding unit configured to rotate a substrate while holding the substrate; and a processing liquid supply unit configured to supply a processing liquid to a bottom surface of the substrate held by the substrate rotary-holding unit. The substrate rotary-holding unit includes: a base plate disposed spaced apart from the substrate below the substrate; a cover member supported by the base plate and disposed outside an outer periphery of the substrate; and a discharge port formed between the base plate and the cover member and configured to discharge an air stream occurring below the substrate. The support portion of the base plate and the cover member protrudes outwards from a top surface of the base plate to be connected to the cover member.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treating a wafer-shaped article, a spin chuck is configured to hold a wafer-shaped article of a predetermined diameter. A non-rotating plate is positioned relative to the spin chuck such that the non-rotating plate is beneath and parallel to a wafer-shaped article when positioned on the spin chuck. A fluid dispensing nozzle passes through the non-rotating plate and terminates in a discharge end positioned above and adjacent to the non-rotating plate. The discharge end comprises a horizontal gas discharge nozzle configured to distribute gas radially outwardly across an upper surface of the non-rotating plate.

Abstract: Methods and chemical solvents used for cleaning residues on metal contacts during a semiconductor device packaging process are disclosed. A chemical solvent for cleaning a residue formed on a metal contact may comprise a reactive inorganic component and a reactive organic component. The method may comprise spraying a semiconductor device with a chemical solvent at a first pressure, and spraying the semiconductor device with the chemical solvent at a second pressure less than the first pressure.

Abstract: The invention suppresses generation of noises attributable to rotation of a rotary joint. A rotary joint includes a rotating body that rotates on a rotating axis A, a housing disposed so as to surround the rotating body, and at least one bearing disposed between the rotating body and the housing and adapted to support rotation of the rotating body. The rotary joint supplies fluids through fluid connection ports formed in the housing and fluid passages formed inside the rotating body to a polishing table having attached thereto a polishing pad for polishing a substrate or a holding portion that is adapted to hold the substrate while pressing the substrate against the polishing pad. At least one elastic member is interposed at least either between the rotating body and the at least one bearing or between the housing and the at least one bearing.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for measuring impurities on a wafer and a method of measuring impurities on a wafer. The apparatus includes: a wafer aligning device for aligning a wafer; a loading robot for moving and loading the aligned wafer; a rotation stage for rotating the loaded wafer; a scan robot for holding a natural oxide layer etching solution for the wafer and a metallic impurity recovery solution; and a container for receiving a predetermined etching solution and a recovery solution, wherein the scan robot removes an oxide layer on an edge region of the wafer.

Abstract: A robot vacuum cleaner includes a housing and a brush roller disposed at a bottom of the housing. The brush roller is configured to be rotatable about a horizontal axle. A blade is disposed above the brush roller in stationary relation with respect to the housing. The horizontal axle is adjustable in height relative to the housing. The brush roller is spaced away from the blade in a lower position and is in engagement with the blade in an upper position.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method includes a substrate holding unit which horizontally holds a substrate; a rotating unit which rotates the substrate held by the substrate holding unit about a vertical axis; and a first nozzle having an opposing face to be opposed to a lower surface of the substrate inward of a peripheral portion of the substrate in spaced relation to the lower surface of the substrate during rotation of the substrate by the rotating unit and a treatment liquid spout provided in the opposing face for filling a space defined between the lower surface of the substrate and the opposing face with a treatment liquid spouted from the treatment liquid spout to keep the space in a liquid filled state; wherein the treatment liquid spreads outwardly over the lower surface of the substrate and further, flows around to a peripheral portion of an upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A substrate liquid treatment apparatus comprises a chuck (13) that holds and rotates a wafer, a back surface purging nozzle (15) that discharges a purge gas toward the back surface of the wafer, and a periphery purging nozzle 16 that discharges the purge gas onto the back surface of the wafer. The back surface purging nozzle has a slit-like opening part extending from a central side to a peripheral side of the substrate in a plan view. Vertical distance between the slit-like opening part and the substrate held by the substrate holding unit increases as approaching an end of the opening part on the central side of the substrate. The periphery purging nozzle discharges the purge gas, toward a central part of the substrate, toward a region on the back surface of the substrate, which region is located radially outside an end of the slit-like opening part of the back surface purging nozzle and radially inside an peripheral edge of the substrate.

Abstract: A sputter target assembly comprising a Si target and a backing plate is provided wherein the backing plate is bonded to the target. The Si target comprises a smooth, mirror-like surface and has a surface roughness of less than about 15.0 Angstroms. Methods are provided for producing silicon target/backing plate assemblies wherein a silicon blank is processed to remove scratches from the blank surface resulting in a mirror like surface on the target, and a surface roughness of 15.0 Angstroms or less. The method comprises a first and second cleaning step with the first step being performed before the scratch removal step, and the second step being performed after the scratch removal.

Abstract: There is disclosed a substrate processing apparatus which is capable of detecting whether a substrate, such as a wafer, supported by a fluid is properly present in a predetermined processing position or not. The substrate processing apparatus includes at least one distance sensor configured to measure a distance between a scrubber and a hydrostatic support structure; and a processing controller configured to calculate a gap between the hydrostatic support structure and the surface of the substrate from a measured value of the distance and determine whether the gap falls within a predetermined range or not.

Abstract: A method for cleaning photomasks includes the following steps: provided a cleansing device having a scrubbing unit. The scrubbing unit having a saturated scrubbing surface is use to clean photomasks with the obliquely dispensed fluids. In such a fashion, loosened contaminants are removed. As least one oblique surface is formed on the peripheries of the scrubbing surface to form a channeling region such that fluids can instantly flow away from photomasks after cleaning to prevent re-contamination. The instant disclosure also provides a system for cleaning photomasks.

Abstract: A method for authenticating and/or identifying a security article that includes a transparent or translucent substrate and, on a side of a first face of the substrate, a first image. The method includes superimposing at least partially the first image of the article with a second image. The second image may be produced by an electronic imager. The second image may be situated on the side of a second face of the substrate that is opposite to the first face. The method permits observation of an authentication and/or identification information item of the security article during a change of the angle of observation of the first and second superimposed images.

Abstract: A method includes providing a wafer and providing a first spray bar spaced a distance from the wafer. A first spray is dispensed from the first spray bar onto a first portion (e.g., half) of the wafer. Thereafter, the wafer is rotated. A second spray is dispensed from the first spray bar onto a second portion (e.g., half) of the rotated wafer. In embodiments, a plurality of spray bars are positioned above the wafer. One or more of the spray bars may be tunable in separation distance and/or angle of dispensing.