Abstract: The improved solar panel includes a photovoltaic collection system, a lens structure and a calliport structure. The calliport structure is a photon manifold. The calliport structure is formed in the silicon crystalline structure of the NP junction of each individual photovoltaic cell contained within the photovoltaic collection structure. The calliport structure captures a proportion of the photons that are redirected by the lens structure. The calliport structure discharges the redirected photons into the N crystalline layer and the P crystalline layer through refraction and ejection processes. The calliport structure directly injects photons into the depletion zone of the P crystalline layer such that the net electric current production of the individual photovoltaic cell is increased relative to a standard photoelectric cell.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a frame configured to removably couple to a structure. A first photovoltaic panel is coupled to a first portion of the frame, the first photovoltaic panel having a first side configured to face away from the frame, the first side comprising a first area of photovoltaic material. A second photovoltaic panel is movably coupled to a second portion of the frame, the second photovoltaic panel comprising a first side configured to face away from the frame, the first side of the second photovoltaic panel comprising a second area of photovoltaic material. A movement mechanism is coupled to the frame, the movement mechanism configured to cause the second photovoltaic panel to move between a first configuration and a second configuration.

Abstract: A spectrum-splitting concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module utilizes direct fluid cooling of photovoltaic cells in which an array of photovoltaic cells is fully immersed in a flowing heat transfer fluid. Specifically, at least a portion of both the front face and the rear face of each photovoltaic cell comes into direct contact with heat transfer fluid, thereby enhancing coupling of waste heat out of the photovoltaic cells and into the heat transfer fluid. The CPV module is designed to maximize transmission of infrared light not absorbed by the photovoltaic cells, and therefore may be combined with a thermal receiver that captures the transmitted infrared light as part of a hybrid concentrator photovoltaic-thermal system.

Abstract: A foldable adjustable photovoltaic module, comprising angle adjusting device, comprising adjusting component and basic photovoltaic panel on the adjusting component; and folding device, comprising first and second folding components, is provided. One end of the basic photovoltaic panel is installed with protective photovoltaic panel, and the first folding component is between the basic and the protective photovoltaic panels. Both sides of the basic and the protective photovoltaic panels are provided with side photovoltaic panels, and the second folding component connects the side photovoltaic panels, the basic photovoltaic panel and the protective photovoltaic panel. The module can control multiple photovoltaic panels for angle adjustment, so as to conveniently obtain the optimal illumination angle.

Abstract: A solar panel system includes a solar module. The solar module includes a housing, a solar panel, and a reflector. The solar panel is supported by the housing. The solar panel is configured to receive incident light and convert a first portion of the incident light to electricity. The reflector is positioned to reflect a second portion of the incident light that was not converted to electricity by the solar panel back at the solar panel.

Abstract: A solar tracker system includes a support tube, a solar panel assembly connected to the support tube, and an active lock connected to the support tube. The active lock includes a housing defining a chamber and a seal. The seal prevents a flow of fluid through the chamber when the active lock is in a sealed state and allows the flow of fluid through the chamber when the active lock is in an unsealed state. The active lock further includes a locking system motor connected to the seal to transition the active lock between the sealed state and the unsealed state, a battery providing power to the locking system motor, and an antenna for receiving instructions controlling the locking system motor.

Abstract: A method for controlling a cooling system for photovoltaic panels is provided. The cooling system has a water cooling assembly adapted to produce a cooling water flow wetting an upper surface of a photovoltaic panel exposed to solar light, an air cooling assembly adapted to produce an air flow directed against the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel, a set of sensors and electric power meters, and an electronic control unit configured to receive input information regarding values of a set of control parameters and to automatically control activation of the water cooling assembly and of the air cooling assembly according to predetermined modes of operation depending on values of the control parameters.

Abstract: A solar tracking system comprises multiple solar panel modules forming a grid of solar panel modules, wherein the multiple solar panel modules are movable relative to a solar source independently of each other; and a control system configured to orient each of the multiple solar panel modules to the solar source independently of each other based on a performance model to optimize an energy output from the grid of solar panel modules, wherein the performance model predicts an energy output from the grid of solar panel modules based on a topography of the area containing the grid of solar panel modules and weather conditions local to each of the solar panel modules.

Abstract: A photovoltaic panel system including photovoltaic panels, purlins, and a rigid support. The purlins are oriented parallel to one another and are oriented perpendicular to an orientation of horizontal members extending along a length of the PV panel. Each purlin has a flat bottom surface plate and a flat top surface plate, which are lengthwise connected with a vertically oriented plate. The flat bottom surface plate is directly adjacent to the horizontal members. The purlins have a length greater than a width of the PV panels. At least 6 purlins are evenly spaced along the length of the PV panel. The flat top surface plate of each purlin is in thermal contact, via an adhesive, with a back surface of each PV panel.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first passivation layer, a second passivation layer and a third passivation layer sequentially formed on the front surface of the substrate and in a direction away from the substrate; where the first passivation layer includes a dielectric material; the second passivation layer includes a first SiuNv material, and a value of v/u is 1.3?v/u?1.7; and the third passivation layer includes a SirOs material, and a value of s/r is 1.9?s/r?3.2; and a tunneling oxide layer and a doped conductive layer sequentially formed on the back surface of the substrate and in a direction away from the back surface; the doped conductive layer and the substrate are doped to have a same conductivity type.

Abstract: An energy harvesting system and an indicator using same are disclosed. The disclosed indicator using an energy harvester comprises: an energy harvesting unit including at least one solar cell; a panel unit, which is arranged to face the energy harvesting unit, transmits sunlight and displays guide information; and a light-emitting unit for emitting light at the side surface of the panel unit.

Abstract: A green energy electrical charging station including a support pole; a bench for connecting to and extending from the support pole; a canopy for connecting to the support pole and shading at least a portion of the bench; at least one solar collector on at least a portion of the canopy; at least one wind turbine supported by the pole above the canopy; a battery for electrical association with the at least one solar collector and the at least one wind turbine; a first electrical circuit for delivering electrical power from the at least one wind turbine and solar collector to the battery; at least one electrical outlet located in proximity to the bench; and a second electrical circuit for delivering electrical power from the battery to the electrical outlet.

Abstract: A remote power system includes a remote power transmitter arranged to output a high-flux power beam and a remote power receiver arranged to receive the high-flux power beam. The receiver has a plurality of photo-voltaic (PV) cells mounted to generate electrical power from energy in the high-flux power beam, at least one non-PV structure adjacent to each PV cell, and a plurality of structures to steer flux toward selected ones of the plurality of PV cells and away from selected ones of the at least one non-PV structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1) for the use of concentrating radiant energy onto a receiver (2). The device comprises a first concentrator (5) that is filled with a transmissible material for the use of increasing the acceptance angle of the concentrator and concentrating the radiant energy onto a bifacial receiver (2). Embodiments also comprise a second concentrator (4) that directs the concentrated radiant energy to both sides of the bifacial receiver, whereby the second concentrator enables the device to use a substantially smaller receiver. In some embodiments, the receivers comprise photovoltaic (PV) cells.

Abstract: Tracking systems for adjusting a photovoltaic array are disclosed. In some embodiments, the tracking system includes an actuator that moves one or more links to cause the array to rotate. The tracking system may be disposed below a torque rail of the tracking system. The actuator may be a slew drive that retracts or extends the one or more links to cause the array to rotate.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition apparatus comprises: a thermal decomposition apparatus mechanism being provided with a thermal decomposition furnace that decomposes a panel having a plastic layer; and a superheated steam generator that generates superheated steam being supplied to the thermal decomposition furnace. A furnace body of the thermal decomposition furnace is provided with an inner wall made of metal having a space for housing the panel, and with an outer wall made of metal enclosing the inner wall. A thermal insulation material layer is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall that encloses the inner wall. A heat storage material layer is provided between the inner wall and the thermal insulation material layer.

Abstract: A façade element having a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate. The cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the back element. The outer surface has a patterned region on which an interference layer is arranged. Alternatively, the interference layer is arranged on the inner surface. The inner surface and/or the outer surface have a patterned region having a height profile with hills and valleys. A portion of the patterned region is composed of flat segments that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate.

Abstract: A ground mounting system for supporting solar photovoltaic panels on a planar or inclined having an array of soil fasteners in spaced-relation driven through a geomembrane overlying a greenfield ground site and connected with a respective one of a plurality adapting regulating apparatus to racks to which solar photovoltaic panels mount securely, which soil fasteners communicate compressive loads to the ground while resisting tension forces from wind uplift on the planar field of solar photovoltaic panels.

Abstract: Solar panels and solar platforms having three-dimensional solar harvesting surfaces are disclosed. The solar panels and solar platforms may take a volumetric approach in harvesting solar energy by having the active sides of the solar surfaces protruding upwards rather than being merely planar like a conventional solar panel. The three-dimensional design of such active sides may help in capturing scattered photons reflected by adjacent solar surfaces and also align in optimum orientations relative to the sun.

Abstract: A microinverter for photovoltaic power generation includes a photovoltaic power generation system using the same, and a solar cell panel array integrated with the microinverter for photovoltaic power generation. The microinverter for photovoltaic power generation may include a case lower plate formed in a plate shape; a case cover configured to cover the case lower plate; and a substrate installed on the case lower plate.

Abstract: A solar-powered vehicle interior temperature management system includes a flexible sun blocking textile configured for mounting on a vehicle's interior windshield surface, with integrated photovoltaic panels on its outward-facing surface. The system includes a spring roller mounting mechanism at the windshield's upper edge and fasteners at the lower edge for dashboard attachment. An enclosure mounted adjacent to the spring roller houses rechargeable batteries and squirrel cage fans. The photovoltaic panels collect solar energy and charge the batteries through a charge controller. When activated via a power switch, the fans create air movement to cool the vehicle interior. The entire system mounts on the interior side of the windshield, protecting components from weather and vandalism while requiring no permanent vehicle modifications. The flexible textile construction allows the system to be rolled for storage when not in use, while maintaining solar charging capability during deployment.

Abstract: Coatings and materials that are atomic oxygen resistant and have an atomically smooth surface that can reduce drag are disclosed. The coatings and materials can be used on at least a portion of a spacecraft intended to operate in harsh environments, such as stable Earth orbits at about 100 km to about 350 km.

Abstract: A device for converting electromagnetic radiation into electricity comprises an expander that includes a conical shape having an axis and a curved surface that is configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation away from the axis to expand a beam of the electromagnetic radiation; and one or more energy conversion components configured to receive a beam of electromagnetic radiation expanded by the expander, and to generate electricity from the expanded beam of electromagnetic radiation. With the expander's curved surface, a beam of electromagnetic radiation that is highly concentrated—has a large radiation flux—may be converted into a beam that has a larger cross-sectional area. Moreover, one can configure, if desired, the curved surface to provide a substantially uniform distribution of radiation across the expanded cross-sectional area. With such an expanded beam the one or more energy conversion components can efficiently convert some of the electromagnetic radiation into electricity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color solar cell module including a transparent substrate, a plurality of solar cells disposed on one side of the transparent substrate and each having a light receiving part, and a color layer disposed on a surface of each of the plurality of solar cells on an opposite side surface of the light receiving part.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a collection of photovoltaic modules, a base supporting the collection of photovoltaic modules, and a damper coupled between the collection of photovoltaic modules and the base. The damper resists movement of the photovoltaic modules relative to the base. The damper has a first damping ratio when the collection of photovoltaic modules moves at a first rate relative to the base and a second damping ratio when the collection of photovoltaic modules moves at a second rate relative to the base, and the damper passively transitions from the first damping ratio to the second damping ratio.

Abstract: A conductive interconnection member includes: a conductive layer (1), and an insulating layer (4) and electrical connectors (2) located on one side of the conductive layer (1). The conductive layer (1) is provided with a conductive circuit; the insulating layer (4) is provided with openings (41), and the electrical connectors (2) are located in the openings (41) of the insulating layer (4); the electrical connectors (2) include a first electrical connector (21) and a second electrical connector (22); the first electrical connector (21) is used to be electrically connected to a first electrode (31) of a back contact solar cell (3) and the conductive circuit; the second electrical connector (22) is used to be electrically connected to a second electrode (32) of a back contact solar cell (3) and the conductive circuit; and the polarities of the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (32) are opposite.

Abstract: The solar tent comprises a canopy tent with integrated solar panels into the roof of a medical tent design. This technology allows the tent to capture solar energy, and convert it into electrical energy which can then be used to power lights, medical devices, and other equipment. This technology is foldable and collapsible to allow the tent to be both deployed and stored rapidly. The solar tent helps medical professionals overcome the challenges of lack of sufficient electricity while operating from a canopy tent, in the face of COVID-19.

Abstract: A power conversion module for use with optical energy transfer and conversion system has a hemi-spherically configured housing, an array of photovoltaic chips mounted on the interior thereof, and inlet and outlet ports connected thereto. An end plate connected to the housing defines a cavity. An actively cooled high-power connector has one end connected to a fiber optic cable and the opposite end traversing the end plate and extending within the cavity. Beam forming optics within the cavity are in optical communication with the connector to disburse received optical energy in a hemispherical emission pattern of uniform flux toward an array of photovoltaic chips mounted in complementary configuration to the housing within the cavity, each chip spaced equidistantly from the beam forming optics. A heat sink within the housing has a plurality of fluid channels therethrough through which a work fluid removes heat via the outlet port.

Abstract: An abnormality determination system includes a power generation amount measurement unit that measures a power generation amount of the photovoltaic facility; a data acquisition unit that acquires data of a solar radiation amount; a calculation unit that divides a summed value of the power generation amount per day by a summed value of the solar radiation amount per day to calculates a division value; and a data accumulation unit that accumulates a combination of the power generation amount and the solar radiation amount, or the division value, and is configured to determine that there is an abnormality based on a slope of the division values.

Abstract: An image sensor device includes a semiconductor device, a plurality of photo sensitive regions, a dielectric layer, a grid structure, and a plurality of convex dielectric lenses. The photo sensitive regions are in the semiconductor substrate. The dielectric layer is over a backside surface of the semiconductor substrate. The grid structure is over a backside surface of the dielectric layer. The grid structure includes a plurality of grid lines. Each of the grid lines comprises a lower portion and an upper portion forming an interface with the lower portion. The convex dielectric lenses are alternately arranged with the grid lines over the backside surface of the dielectric layer. Apexes of the plurality of convex dielectric lenses are higher than an interface between the upper portion and the lower portion of each of the grid lines.

Abstract: According to a main objective of the present invention, the three-dimensional arrangement of solar cells is adjusted so as to use sunlight directly coming from the sun mainly for solar power generation while transmitting wavelengths necessary for the growth of plants and reflecting wavelengths unnecessary for or hindering the growth of plants among wavelengths of sunlight passing through the solar cells to use the reflected wavelengths for additional solar power generation. Sunlight reflected by the dichroic optical filter may be used to additionally generate electricity using solar cells provided perpendicular to the dichroic optical filter, thereby maximizing the use efficiency of sunlight.

Abstract: Disclosed are monolithic optical systems using an aerogel molded around a mandrel. A method of manufacturing an optical system includes applying a reflective coating to at least a portion of a surface of a mandrel, placing the mandrel in a tank and subsequently filling the tank with aerogel to a predetermined depth below a top of the mandrel. The method includes adding a separation layer to the tank on top of the aerogel at the predetermined depth, catalyzing the separation layer into a solid, and adding aerogel on top of the separation layer filling the tank with aerogel above a height of the mandrel, and removing the aerogel and mandrel from the tank, drying the aerogel into a solid aerogel structure, catalyzing the reflective coating to bond the reflective coating with the aerogel, and removing the mandrel from the aerogel structure to produce the aerogel structure having a hollowed-out interior.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for providing wind-resilient solar panel array fields. The solar panel array fields may have perimeter solar panel racking structures and core solar panel racking structures. The perimeter solar panel racking structures forming at least a perimeter around the core solar panel racking structures to help shield core solar panel racking structures and reduce wind forces applied to the core solar panel racking structures. The perimeter solar panel racking structures may be rigid and may be more wind tolerant than the core solar panel racking structures.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems of wireless power distribution are disclosed. Embodiments involve the redirection of collimated energy to a converter, which stores or converts the energy into a more suitable form of energy for at least one specific point-of-use that is coupled to the converter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of reducing the thermomechanical stress in the silicon solar cells induced in the interconnection process. The front and rear metal electrodes of the solar cell are provided in such a way that the outermost bonding point between the front metal electrodes and the front interconnects (ribbons or wires) is aligned to the outermost bonding point between the rear metal electrodes and the rear interconnects. The method is applicable to busbar-based interconnection using stringing/tabbing process and wire-based interconnection such as Multi-Busbar and smart wire connection technology. The method can be applied to both mono-facial and bifacial solar cells. The reduced-area busbar end in the busbar-based interconnection increases the tolerance of misalignment of the outermost bonding points introduced by the manufacturing processes.

Abstract: An apparatus including a solar panel having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is opposite the first end; a first cylinder having a first end rotatably connected to the solar panel at a first pivot point; a second cylinder having a first end rotatably connected to the solar panel at a second pivot point which is different from the first pivot point; a support beam having a first end rotatably connected to the solar panel at a third pivot point which differs from the first and second pivot points and which is between the first and second pivot points; and a base. The first cylinder is configured to raise or lower the first end of the solar panel; while the second cylinder is configured to lower or raise, respectively, the second end of the solar panel.

Abstract: A freeform optical surface includes, in part, an off-axis optical surface and a departure optical module. The off-axis optical surface may be an off-axis conic optical surface. The departure optical module may be substantially perpendicular to the off-axis conic optical surface.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are provided for controlling one or more assemblies of an energy generation system. The method may include selecting at least a portion of the one or more assemblies, transmitting at least one control signal associated with the selected at least a portion of the one or more assemblies, receiving the control signal at a communication module of the one or more assemblies, and modifying an operational parameter of the one or more assemblies responsive to the received control signal to avoid contact between the one or more assemblies and livestock. The operational parameter may be associated with a position of the at least a portion of the one or more assemblies relative to a ground surface. The operational parameter may additionally or alternatively be a range of angle of the at least a portion of the one or more assemblies.

Abstract: In an example, the present invention provides a solar tracker apparatus configured with an off-set drive assembly. In an example, the apparatus has an inner race structure, which has a cylindrical region coupled to a main body region, the main body comprising an off-set open region. The cylindrical region is an annular sleeve structure coupled to the main body region, which occupies the spatial region within the cylindrical region. In an example, the apparatus has an outer race structure coupled to enclose the inner race structure, configured to couple the inner race structure to allow the inner race structure to move in a rotational manner about a spatial arc region; and configured to allow the inner race structure to pivot about a region normal to a direction of the spatial arc region. In an example, the solar tracker has a clamp assembly that is configured to pivot a torque tube.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image generator device (100) for changing the direction of at least one emitted light cone at a surface (113), comprising an image generator (130) and a fibre optical faceplate (110) having a first (112) and a second surface (113), the fibre optical faceplate (110) being arranged to transmit light from the image generator (130) so at least a part of light entering the first surface (112) of the fibre optical faceplate (110) exits through the second surface (113) of the fibre optical faceplate (110) and pass through an aperture, wherein the fibre optical faceplate (110) comprises a multitude of optical fibres (111) and light exiting the second surface (113) through optical fibres (111) each form an emitted light cone.

Abstract: A modular photovoltaic system adapted for collecting light rays from a solar light source to generate electrical current, the system having a light-tracking solar collector adapted to collect the light rays, an edge-lit photovoltaic array, and a transport conduit adapted to transport the light rays to the edge-lit photovoltaic array. The edge-lit photovoltaic array has a plurality of edge-lit photovoltaic panels, each having a transparent diffusing pane positioned between two backing panels with inwardly directed photovoltaic surfaces. Each edge-lit photovoltaic panel perpendicularly contacts a lateral light distributor attached to the transport conduit, causing the transparent diffusing pane to illuminate the photovoltaic surfaces to generate electrical current. The light-tracking solar collector is adapted to rotate to remain oriented toward the solar light source.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are provided for controlling one or more assemblies of an energy generation system. The method may include selecting at least a portion of the one or more assemblies, transmitting at least one control signal associated with the selected at least a portion of the one or more assemblies, receiving the control signal at a communication module of the one or more assemblies, and modifying an operational parameter of the one or more assemblies responsive to the received control signal to avoid contact between the one or more assemblies and livestock. The operational parameter may be associated with a position of the at least a portion of the one or more assemblies relative to a ground surface. The operational parameter may additionally or alternatively be a range of angle of the at least a portion of the one or more assemblies.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a solar panel or solar tile; and a pultrusion fiber reinforced polymer (PFRP) bracket connected to the solar panel or solar tile. The PFRP bracket mounts the solar panel or solar tile on a roof, and is configured to elevate the solar panel or solar tile a sufficient amount above the roof to enable airflow to occur under the solar panel or solar tile. The PFRP material comprises fibers embedded in a resin matrix. Exemplary fibers are glass, carbon, and synthetic fibers. PFRP products can be formed using a pultrusion method that eliminates outgassing. An intumescent fire barrier can be applied to the PFRP to meet National Fire Protection Association fire endurance codes and standards.

Abstract: Each solar cell 1 includes: a silicon substrate 2; a diffusion layer 3; a first collection electrode 4 contacting the diffusion layer 3; a first connection electrode 5 contacting the diffusion layer 3 and the first collection electrode 4; an insulation layer 7 having an opening portion extending therethrough; a second collection electrode 8 contacting the insulation layer 7 and connected to the single crystal silicon substrate 2 via the opening portion 70; and a second connection electrode 9 contacting the second collection electrode 8. The first connection electrode 5 and the second connection electrode 9 are separated from each other. The second collection electrode 8 and the single crystal silicon substrate 2 are separated from each other via the insulation layer 7 in almost all or all of an overlapping area of each two adjacent PERC solar cells 1.

Abstract: A mounting assembly may include an arced connecting member that includes a first drive chain along a bottom surface of the arced connecting member, a second drive chain positioned adjacent to the first drive chain, and a third drive chain in a gap between the first and the second drive chains. The mounting assembly may include an intermittent-motion drive system that has a drive wheel with a nub extending from a lateral surface of the drive wheel, the nub being shaped to interface with notches included along the third drive chain. The intermittent-motion drive system may include a first and a second protrusion shaped to interface with surfaces of the first and second drive chains, respectively. Rotation of a drive axle extending through the drive wheel may affect rotation of the drive wheel, rotational movement of the nub extending from the drive wheel, and movement of the arced connecting member.

Abstract: A decorative radome including a radio-transmissive substrate having a first surface on a first side and a second surface on a second side; and a first surface radio-transmissive decorative coating; methods of manufacturing a PVD coated system include applying a hard coating to the substrate; applying a PVD coating by magnetron sputtering to the substrate; and laser etching one or more of a pattern or a graphic into the PVD coating; and A decorative PVD coated item, comprising: a substrate; a hard coating applied to the substrate; a PVD coating provided on the hard coating and the substrate, wherein the PVD coating is laser etched with one or more of a pattern or a graphic so that the PVD coating is at least partially removed and the pattern or the graphic is revealed as a result of the contrast between the substrate and the PVD coating.

Abstract: A laminated passivation structure of solar cell and a preparation method thereof are disclosed herein. The laminated passivation structure of solar cell includes a P-type silicon substrate, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer and a fourth dielectric layer sequentially arranged on the back surface of the P-type silicon substrate from inside to outside. The preparation method includes generating a first dielectric layer on the back surface of the P-type silicon substrate, and then sequentially depositing a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer and a fourth dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for control of a cooling device for the active cooling of a perovskite solar cell, wherein the perovskite solar cell is part of a perovskite photovoltaic module. The method includes determining a measure of the internal temperature of the perovskite solar cell and activating the cooling device when the determined measure of the internal temperature of the perovskite solar cell is greater than a corresponding measure of a predetermined temperature threshold value. A photovoltaic apparatus having a perovskite photovoltaic module includes at least one perovskite solar cell, and a cooling device for the active cooling of the perovskite solar cell.

Abstract: A method of making a light converting optical system is described. The method includes providing a layered light trapping structure comprising a first optical layer with a plurality of linear grooves having triangular cross-sections for reflecting and deflecting light through total internal reflection and refraction. A diffuse reflector, made from a thin sheet of diffuse reflective material, is placed parallel to the first optical layer. A light converting film, positioned between the first optical layer and the diffuse reflector, contains an active layer with first and second light converting semiconductor materials of different bandgaps. The thickness of the active layer is below the minimum required to absorb all visible spectrum light in a single passage. The method further involves providing a light source and positioning the layered light trapping structure to receive energy from the light source.

Abstract: An intelligent solar photovoltaic component includes a solar photovoltaic component body and an intelligent junction box located on the solar photovoltaic component body. The intelligent junction box includes multiple solar controllers in communication with one another. Multiple battery strings in the solar photovoltaic component body are in a one-to-one correspondence electrically connected to connection terminals of solar controllers via busbars.