Abstract: A semiconductor device for light detection including a semiconductor layer having an optical active region for receiving incident light and a peripheral region around the optical active region. The device further includes a lens layer including a first lens for directing light into the optical active region, the first lens being located in a first region of the lens layer which overlaps a part but not the whole of the optical active region in the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: This wiring module includes: a wiring substrate; a base portion at which the wiring substrate is placed; and an adhesive layer configured to adhere the wiring substrate to the base portion, wherein the wiring substrate includes: a land portion configured to have a power generating element mounted thereto; and a wire portion configured to be electrically connected to the power generating element, the adhesive layer has: a land adhesion region configured to adhere the land portion to the base portion; and a wire adhesion region configured to adhere the wire portion to the base portion, and a width of the wire adhesion region is smaller than a width of the land adhesion region.

Abstract: Provided are a device for suppressing potential induced degradation and a system. The device includes a rectification module, a non-isolated voltage conversion module and at least one capacitor. An input terminal of the rectification module is connected to an output terminal of a converter, the rectification module is configured to rectify an alternating current outputted by the converter into a direct current, the non-isolated voltage conversion module is configured to perform voltage conversion on the direct current outputted by the rectification module, and the voltage conversion is boost conversion or voltage reverse conversion. The capacitor is connected in parallel with an output terminal of the direct current, and either a positive electrode or a negative electrode of the capacitor is grounded.

Abstract: A thermophotovoltaic panel, including a first surface for receiving solar radiation, photovoltaic cells connected to said first receiving surface, a heat exchanger connected to said photovoltaic cells, and a second surface, opposite to the first, for supporting the panel, said heat exchanger being positioned between said first receiving surface and said second supporting surface, wherein said photovoltaic cells and said exchanger are embedded in at least one resin, preferably cold-polymerised epoxy resin, to constitute a body including said first receiving surface and said second supporting surface, wherein at least one layer of resin at said first receiving surface is constituted of substantially transparent resin.

Abstract: Semiconductor substrates and semiconductor devices produced from such substrates, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells, may exhibit toughened physical characteristics making them more suitable for use in mechanically challenging or stressful environments. Semiconductor substrates and semiconductor devices produced from such substrates, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells, may exhibit toughened thermal characteristics making them more suitable for use in environmentally challenging applications. Semiconductor substrates and semiconductor devices produced from such substrates, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells, may exhibit sufficiently toughened characteristics and increase impact resistance to permit packaging in non-rigid and light weight encapsulating layer(s). Semiconductor substrates and semiconductor devices produced from such substrates may exhibit sufficient flexibility to permit for rolling up during shipment and or for non-destructive deformation during deployment over uneven surfaces.

Abstract: A light concentrating optic for use with a photovoltaic device includes a light pipe having a first end portion for receiving light and a second end portion for outputting concentrated light. An optical element is coupled to the light pipe on the first end portion and configured to form an optical interface between the light pipe and the optical element. The optical element includes at least one light transmitting surface configured to redirect incident light entering the optical element to disperse the light to fall incident on side walls of the light pipe to increase homogeneity and intensity of light through the second end portion.

Abstract: A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells arranged in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. Removing a defective solar cell from a super cell may be difficult, however. It may therefore be advantageous to bypass defective solar cells in a super cell rather than remove and replace them. A bypass conductor may be applied to the rear surface of the super cell to bypass one or more defective solar cells in a super cell or in a solar module comprising super cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for improved bifacial solar modeling. A method may comprise measuring an albedo of a surface on which an array of bifacial solar modules is disposed and setting an albedo parameter of a bifacial gain model. The method may further comprise measuring a backside irradiance of the array and setting a backside irradiance parameter. The method may further comprise setting a shed transparency parameter using the measured backside irradiance and a geometric model of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear shading parameter using a shading model of the array. The method may further comprise computing an expected bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise determining an actual bifacial gain of the array. The method may further comprise setting a rear mismatch parameter to minimize a loss function of the expected bifacial gain and the actual bifacial gain.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solar module including an encapsulation layer, a plurality of solar cells embedded in the encapsulation layer with gaps between the solar cells; and a first patterned layer formed on the encapsulation layer and corresponding to locations of the gaps so as to absorb the light penetrating through the gaps, thereby shielding buildings from sunlight and thus saving energy.

Abstract: In embodiments, a mechanical solar tracker for energy and shade disclosed herein includes a positioning cam comprising one or more paths being configured as a function of a latitude location of the mechanical solar tracker; a sleeve coupled to an adjustment arm, the adjustment arm operable to rotate the sleeve about a vertical axis; a cam follower coupled to the sleeve, the cam follower configured to translate a selected path of the one or more paths as the sleeve rotates about the vertical axis, and a surface coupled to the cam follower. In embodiments, the selected path is configured such that as the sleeve rotates about the vertical axis, the cam follower maintains the surface normal to a vector defined by an azimuth angle and elevation angle, wherein the azimuth angle may be the sun azimuth angle and the elevation angle may be the sun elevation angle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a luminescent solar concentrator comprising a glass or plastic matrix containing colloidal nanocrystals of at least ternary semiconductors based on metals of groups IB and IIIA (groups 11 and 16 respectively in the UIPAC nomenclature) and at least one chalcogen (group VIA, or 16 in the IUPAC nomenclature).

Abstract: In an example, the present invention provides a solar tracker apparatus. In an example, the apparatus comprises a center of mass with an adjustable hanger assembly configured with a clam shell clamp assembly on the adjustable hanger assembly and a cylindrical torque tube comprising a plurality of torque tubes configured together in a continuous length from a first end to a second end such that the center of mass is aligned with a center of rotation of the cylindrical torque tubes to reduce a load of a drive motor operably coupled to the cylindrical torque tube. Further details of the present example, among others, can be found throughout the present specification and more particularly below.

Abstract: A tracking system for performing a movement control of a solar panel is provided, having a single axis solar tracking solution allowing an individual actuation of a solar panel and its respective rotation axis. The tracking system is applied in an individual solar panel, and has a local control unit, an electrical motor, a tracking actuator mechanism, a blockage unit and a tracking support mechanism, which is useful for solar power plant installations where individual panel tracking is an advantage due to site conditions such as irregular grounds or unstable locations as in aquatic sites or locations with variable slopes.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and method include forming a plurality of pillar structures in a substrate, forming a first electrode layer on the pillar structures and forming a continuous photovoltaic stack including an N-type layer, a P-type layer and an intrinsic layer on the first electrode. A second electrode layer is deposited over the photovoltaic stack such that gaps or fissures occur in the second electrode layer between the pillar structures. The second electrode layer is wet etched to open up the gaps or fissures and reduce the second electrode layer to form a three-dimensional electrode of substantially uniform thickness over the photovoltaic stack.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device according to the present disclosure is provided with: a condensing optical system having chromatic aberration; a first photoelectric converter, which is arranged on an optical axis of the condensing optical system; and a second photoelectric converter, which is arranged on an outer peripheral side of the first photoelectric converter when viewed from an optical axis direction of the condensing optical system, and which has a bandgap lower than a bandgap of the first photoelectric converter, wherein the first photoelectric converter is arranged on an inner side of a rectangle that circumscribes a condensing region of absorbable longest-wavelength light determined based on the bandgap.

Abstract: Device structures, apparatuses, and methods are disclosed for photovoltaic cells that may be a single-junction or multijunction solar cells, with at least a first layer comprising a group-IV semiconductor in which part of the cell comprises a second layer comprising a III-V semiconductor or group-IV semiconductor having a different composition than the group-IV semiconductor of the first layer, such that a heterostructure is formed between the first and second layers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning a solar cell element. The apparatus includes a transfer device configured for moving the solar cell element from a first position on a transport device to a second position on a support device, a detection device configured to detect a first orientation of the solar cell element on the transport device and configured to detect a second orientation of the solar cell element held by the transfer device, and a controller configured to change an orientation of the solar cell element held by the transfer device based on at least one of the first orientation and the second orientation to align the solar cell element.

Abstract: A system for redirecting light to a mobile platform includes a satellite and a mobile platform including a first RF antenna that transmits a trajectory data for the mobile platform, and a photovoltaic cell that converts light into electrical energy. The satellite includes a second RF antenna that receives the trajectory data, and a processor coupled to the second RF antenna. The processor computes a target position of the mobile platform based on the trajectory data, and instructs a diffuser system to generate the beam of light and direct the beam to the target position.

Abstract: Provided is a method for improving the corrosion resistance of a gold finger, which is applicable to an electro-optical circuit board including gold fingers, wherein a guide line is arranged at a root portion of the gold fingers of the electro-optical circuit board. The method comprises the following steps in sequence: 1) electrical connection: using an outer lead to electrically connect all gold fingers of a electro-optical circuit board; 2) solder resistance: performing solder resistance on an area other than the outer lead; 3) gold plating on the gold fingers; 4) etching of the outer lead; and 5) solder resistance: performing solder resistance on a vacancy after etching of the lead. In the method, an outer lead is arranged to electrically connect all gold fingers of a electro-optical circuit board, so that all sides of the gold fingers are plated with gold, thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the gold fingers.

Abstract: In an attachment structure for attaching a photovoltaic cell module having flexibility to an installation surface or an attachment member, a back surface of the photovoltaic cell module is attached to the installation surface or the attachment member by being adhered by an adhesive material.

Abstract: A solar thermophotovoltaic system includes a heat exchange pipe containing a heat exchange fluid, and a thin-film integrated spectrally-selective plasmonic absorber emitter (ISSAE) in direct contact with an outer surface of the heat exchange pipe, the ISSAE including an ultra-thin non-shiny metal layer comprising a metal strongly absorbing in a solar spectral range and strongly reflective in an infrared spectral range, the metal layer having an inner surface in direct contact with an outer surface of the heat exchange pipe. The system further includes a photovoltaic cell support structure having an inner surface in a concentric configuration surrounding at least a portion of the ISSAE; and an airgap separating the support structure and the outer surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible printed circuit including: a film-shaped insulating base material having flexibility and having a withstand voltage value of at least 2000 V; and an electric conductor layer formed on the insulating base material and forming a circuit pattern, wherein with respect to the insulating base material, a principal component thereof is a polyimide and a filler content thereof is 0%. Thus, a flexible printed circuit can be obtained that has an insulating base material which suppresses decrease in withstand voltage performance even in a high humidity environment.

Abstract: A solar panel includes a backsheet layer, a bottom encapsulant layer adjacent the backsheet layer, a plurality of photovoltaic cells adjacent the bottom encapsulant layer, a top encapsulant layer adjacent the plurality of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of louvers constructed therein to block side view of the plurality of photovoltaic cells, and a top layer adjacent the top encapsulant layer.

Abstract: A light-heat gathering solar energy device belonging to the energy device, which is a device for decreasing the area occupied by the solar energy device and increasing the light-heat absorbing efficiency of the sun light, comprising: a bracket structure, which is a structural member having a hollow body; at least one solar energy absorbing device disposed within the hollow body of said bracket structure, the hollow body is formed by the container wall having a geometry structure of upper-wide lower-narrow shape, and at least one cup-shaped bottom structure is disposed therein, said container wall is composed of an outer wall and an inner wall, said outer wall is made of a light-heat absorbing material, said inner wall is made of a light reflecting material, allowing invisible light to penetrate, inward and downward reflection is enabled in the energy absorbing device through the inner wall when the sun light irradiates from the top to the bottom such that the light-heat energy gathering effect is produced wit

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, including: receiving configuration input for a solar structure; the configuration input comprising (i) a geographical location, (ii) module configuration input, and (iii) reflector configuration input; identifying the position of the sun; determining an angle between the solar reflector and the solar module corresponding to a predetermined power gain for the solar module, wherein the determining comprises (i) identifying the corresponding area of the solar module that is illuminated by the solar reflector and (ii) totaling the contributions from each of the solar reflectors to calculate an irradiance for each solar cell; adjusting the angles of at least some of the solar reflectors with respect to the solar module to angles determined to correspond to the predetermined power gain using at least one actuator; and dynamically changing how the solar cells are electrically connected together to form a plurality of strings.

Abstract: A reflective solar tracker system for collecting solar energy from the sun and converting the solar energy to electricity, using one or more photovoltaic devices, each of which has a sunlight-collecting surface, including a horizontal reflector panel retaining assembly, wherein the horizontal reflector panel retaining assembly further comprises a horizontal reflector panel such that the horizontal reflector panel includes a non-uniform, textured finish located on a sun-facing surface area of the horizontal reflector panel, a reflective solar tracker retaining/rotating assembly operatively connected to the horizontal reflector panel retaining assembly, and a reflective solar tracker array retaining assembly operatively connected to the horizontal reflector panel retaining assembly and the reflective solar tracker retaining/rotating assembly.

Abstract: A snap-on mounting bracket assembly suitable for connecting a mounting rail to a torque tube is provided. The mounting bracket assembly includes an upper clamp piece and a lower clamp piece. The upper clamp piece has a first member defining a tube insertion aperture and an open bottom space and includes an upper partial fastener. The lower clamp piece has a second member with a lower partial fastener configured to mate with the upper partial fastener such that the lower clamp piece is attachable to the upper clamp piece. In exemplary embodiments, the lower clamp piece further comprises two opposing support members configured to attach to the mounting rail. Solar tracker assemblies incorporating snap-on open mounting brackets are provided. Methods of mounting framed or unframed solar modules are also described. A mounting rail is attached to an upper clamp piece of a mounting assembly. Then the upper clamp piece is snapped onto a torque tube.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a solder strip applied to a shingled solar cell module, including a flat portion, and an upper cell slice connecting portion and a lower cell slice connecting portion located at two sides of the flat portion; a plurality of fine grid lines are arranged in parallel on front/back surfaces of lower/upper cell slices; cutting directions of the lower cell slice and the upper cell slice are parallel to the fine grid lines; the solder strip is arranged perpendicular to the fine grid lines or parallel to busbars; and the upper cell slice partially overlaps with the lower cell slice, the flat portion is soldered to the fine grid lines/busbars on the front surface of the lower cell slice and the fine grid lines/busbars on the back surface of the upper cell slice to form an overlapped region, the upper cell slice connecting portion is soldered to the fine grid lines/busbars on the back surface of the upper cell slice, and the lower cell slice connecting portion is soldered to the fine grid lines

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell module, includes a plurality of solar cells, a concentration unit having a flat surface to which solar light is incident, arranged at a position spaced apart from the solar cells, and configured to concentrate the incident solar light for output, and a reflection unit configured to reflect light between the solar cells, wherein the concentration unit is provided with a reflective region such that solar light concentrated by the concentration unit and output from is trapped between the concentration unit and the reflection unit, and an air gap is formed between the concentration unit and the reflection unit.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for providing an animated presentation. The method includes identifying a geographic area and identifying solar flux for the geographic area. A plurality of images of the geographic area then is generated to display the solar flux. Each image in the plurality of images displays solar flux at different points in time of a day. The animated presentation is generated by displaying the plurality of images in chronological order with a transition between images in the plurality of images and provided for display on a display to a user.

Abstract: A light redirecting film defining a longitudinal axis, and including a base layer, an ordered arrangement of a plurality of microstructures, and a reflective layer. The microstructures project from the base layer, and each extends across the base layer to define a corresponding primary axis. The primary axis of at least one of the microstructures is oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis. The reflective layer is disposed over the microstructures opposite the base layer. When employed, for example, to cover portions of a PV module tabbing ribbon, or areas free of PV cells, the films of the present disclosure uniquely reflect incident light.

Abstract: Techniques are described for forming a gradient index (GRIN) lens for propagating an electromagnetic wave comprising receiving, by a manufacturing device having one or more processors, a model comprising data specifying a plurality of layers, wherein at least one layer of the plurality of layers comprises an arrangement of one or more volume elements comprising a first dielectric material and a second dielectric material, wherein the at least one layer of the plurality of layers has a dielectric profile that is made up of a plurality of different effective dielectric constants of the volume elements in the layer, and generating, with the manufacturing device by an additive manufacturing process, the GRIN lens based on the model.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a remote monitoring system and related method for solar power generation device, including: transmitting electrical parameters and environmental parameters collected by a plurality of solar power generation devices to a computing device; and transmitting the electrical parameters and the ambient parameters by the computing device to a server through an embedded communication module disposed within the computing device, wherein the embedded communication module is an industrial-grade embedded 3G/4G communication module and can withstand temperatures of at least 70° C. Therefore, the remote monitoring system and related method according to the present disclosure can solve the problem of overheating of the equipment.

Abstract: Device structures, apparatuses, and methods are disclosed for photovoltaic cells that may be a single junction or multijunction solar cells, with at least a first layer comprising a group-IV semiconductor in which part of the cell comprises a second layer comprising a III-V semiconductor or group-IV semiconductor having a different composition than the group-IV semiconductor of the first layer, such that a heterostructure is formed between the first and second layers.

Abstract: This photovoltaic module includes: a power generating element configured to receive light to generate power; and a housing which is closed, the housing having: a concentrating portion provided with a lens configured to concentrate sunlight; a bottom portion in which the power generating element is disposed; and a side wall serving as an outer frame for the bottom portion and supporting the concentrating portion. The side wall is formed from a resin and has at least one vent hole.

Abstract: An arrangement for subsea cooling of a semiconductor module. The arrangement includes a tank. The tank is filled with a dielectric fluid. The arrangement includes at least one semiconductor module. The at least one semiconductor module is placed in the tank. Each at least one semiconductor module includes semiconductor submodules and is attached to a heat sink. The semiconductor submodules generate heat, thereby causing the dielectric fluid to circulate by natural convection. The heat sink includes a first part having a first thermal resistance from the semiconductor module to the dielectric fluid. The heat sink includes a second part having a second thermal resistance from the semiconductor module to the dielectric fluid. The second thermal resistance is higher than the first thermal resistance. The heat sink is oriented such that, when the arrangement is installed, the first part is configured to lie vertically higher than the second part.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, photovoltaic device comprises a core having a shape that is at least partially spherical, an absorber disposed over the core, and a transparent conductor disposed over the absorber.

Abstract: A solar cell is made which has a first conduction-type crystalline silicon substrate having a texture provided on the surface, and an i-type amorphous silicon layer located on the surface of the crystalline silicon substrate, wherein the texture has a larger radius of curvature R1 of root parts thereof than the radius of curvature R2 of peak parts thereof. The crystalline silicon substrate has a first conduction-type highly-doped region containing a first conduction-type dopant on the surface thereof, and the dopant concentration in the first conduction-type highly-doped region is higher than that in the center in the thickness direction of the crystalline silicon substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving power generation efficiency of a solar cell, comprising: providing a synergistic structure for allowing the solar cell to receive light through thereof, wherein the synergistic structure is a three-dimensional structure; the three-dimensional structure has a surface area that is larger than a surface area of the solar cell, a refractive index of substances that used to construct the three-dimensional structure is higher than a refractive index of environmental substances around the solar cell, and improving an interface condition of the solar cell could increase light introduced into the solar cell and improving power generation efficiency of the solar cell.

Abstract: A two-piece truss leg with an articulating coupler for an A-frame-shaped truss foundation system for single-axis trackers. The coupler is attached to the head of each screw anchor to enable it to be driven. A connection portion extends above the coupler and is received within an open end of an upper leg to allow the upper leg to be misaligned with respect to it corresponding screw anchor.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes: a first solar cell; a second solar cell disposed apart from the first solar cell with a space therebetween; a first light reflector disposed on an edge portion of the first solar cell, and overlapping the space; and a second light reflector disposed on an edge portion of the second solar cell, and overlapping the space.

Abstract: A portable multiple configuration solar photovoltaic assembly is disclosed. The assembly contains a plurality of photovoltaic modules that collect solar energy and convert the solar energy into electricity.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a photoelectric detector and a photoelectric detection device, the photoelectric detector includes: a photosensitive active layer (100) including a first surface (1) and a second surface (2) opposite to each other; a first electrode (200) and a second electrode (300) located on the first surface (1) of the photosensitive active layer (100), and arranged spaced apart from each other; and a third electrode (400) located on the second surface (2) of the photosensitive active layer (100); where the first electrode (200) and the second electrode (300) respectively contact directly with the first surface (1) of the photosensitive active layer (100), and the third electrode (400) contacts directly with the second surface (2) of the photosensitive active layer (100). The photoelectric detector can improve the contrast between light current and dark current.

Abstract: A device for converting electromagnetic radiation into electricity comprises an expander that includes a conical shape having an axis and a curved surface that is configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation away from the axis to expand a beam of the electromagnetic radiation; and one or more energy conversion components configured to receive a beam of electromagnetic radiation expanded by the expander, and to generate electricity from the expanded beam of electromagnetic radiation. With the expander's curved surface, a beam of electromagnetic radiation that is highly concentrated—has a large radiation flux—may be converted into a beam that has a larger cross-sectional area. Moreover, one can configure, if desired, the curved surface to provide a substantially uniform distribution of radiation across the expanded cross-sectional area. With such an expanded beam the one or more energy conversion components can efficiently convert some of the electromagnetic radiation into electricity.

Abstract: A two-terminal optoelectronic device includes a substrate having a first and a second series of grooves. A channel may transect the grooves of the first and second series of grooves. Each groove of the first and second series of grooves has a first and a second face and a cavity therebetween. The cavity is at least partially filled with a first semiconductor material. The first face is coated with a conductor material and the second face coated with a second semiconductor material. A structured surface of the substrate separates the first series of grooves from the second series of grooves to define a positive pole and a negative pole thereon. A method of producing an optoelectronic device incorporates the grooves into the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A concentrator photovoltaic module including: a concentrating portion formed by arranging a plurality of lens elements each configured to concentrate sunlight; and a housing configured to accommodate a plurality of power generating elements disposed at positions respectively corresponding to the lens elements, wherein the housing includes: a frame body formed from resin; and a bottom plate formed from metal, the bottom plate being mounted to the frame body and having the power generating elements mounted thereto, and the frame body includes: a frame body portion forming an outer frame; and a liner portion extending along an upper surface of the bottom plate at an inner side of the frame body portion, the liner portion having both end portions thereof formed integrally with the frame body portion.

Abstract: Device structures, apparatuses, and methods are disclosed for photovoltaic cells that may be a single-junction or multijunction solar cells, with at least a first layer comprising a group-IV semiconductor in which part of the cell comprises a second layer comprising a III-V semiconductor or group-IV semiconductor having a different composition than the group-IV semiconductor of the first layer, such that a heterostructure is formed between the first and second layers.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for installation of solar panels on a support structure, comprising a solar panel assembly constructed on a mounting tray assembly, the solar panel assembly moved into position on the support structure using a mated cradle assembly, or a connected lift assembly using lift plates, thereby significantly reducing manpower required for solar panel installation, potential worker injury and damage to solar panels. The solar panel assembly generally comprises a plurality of solar panels, a solar panel tube and brackets for attaching the solar panels to the solar panel tube. The mounting tray assembly generally comprises a tray frame, tray tube and tripod assemblies with casters for moving the mounting tray assembly and solar panel assembly. The cradle assembly generally comprises fork tubes and end plates with cutouts to mate with the solar panel tube. The lift apparatus typically comprises a crossbar, lifting lugs, straps, clips, and panel straps.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, a device and/or a system of a cryptocurrency processing solar power distribution architecture. In one aspect, a modular cryptocurrency computing power supply system includes a solar DC power generation system, a DC power bus, an electronic control system and a mining node power management system. The solar DC power generation system is structured to provide DC power to a DC/DC converter. The DC power bus is structured to selectably receive power from the DC/DC converter and to provide DC power to a plurality of mining servers. The electronic control system is structured to selectably control the cryptocurrency computing power supply system to operate in plurality of modes. The mining node power management system includes optimizing power distribution from the solar DC power generation system to the plurality of mining servers using a cryptocurrency solar curve algorithm generated based on an analysis of statistically predicted patterns of energy usage and production.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device comprising a substrate comprising a groove having a first and a second face. The first face of the groove is coated with a conductor material and the second face of the groove coated with a semiconductor material. The conductor material and the semiconductor material are in contact with another semiconductor material in the groove. There is an aperture in the another semiconductor material. The first face, second face, the conductor material and the semiconductor material are all in contact with the another semiconductor material in the groove.