Abstract: A hybrid faucet assembly configured to operate in a touchless, hands-free automatic mode and a manual mode comprises a faucet body; a faucet spout; a first manual flow control valve connected to a cold water source; a second manual flow control valve connected to a hot water source; an electromechanical valve connected to a cold water source or to both a cold water source and a hot water source; a flow director; a controller; and an activator device. The hybrid faucet assembly may comprise an override mechanism to disable an automatic mode during operation of a manual mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an acceleration sensor-based sensing faucet, including a faucet body, an automatic water outlet control unit, and a sensing module. The faucet body has a movable water outlet end, the sensing module includes a mounting seat, the acceleration sensor, a power source, and a communication unit. The acceleration sensor, the power source and the communication unit are all provided on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is removably provided at the water outlet end. The power source supplies power to the acceleration sensor and the communication unit, the acceleration sensor is electrically connected to the communication unit. The communication unit is connected in communication with the automatic water outlet control unit, and the automatic water outlet control unit is configured for controlling water outlet states of the water outlet end. The present disclosure has a compact structure, it is convenient for production, assembly, and subsequent maintenance.

Abstract: An apparatus used for analysis of a fluid-based system that includes a main chamber consisting of an optically transparent high strength material that ensures transmission of infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths and is capable of withstanding high pressures. The apparatus also includes first and second fluid tight endcaps attached to first and second ends of the main chamber, wherein the first endcap permits entry of a fluid into the main chamber and the second endcap permits the fluid to exit the main chamber. The apparatus further includes a fixed filter guide rail located inside the main chamber and attached to one of the end caps, and a filter located inside the main chamber and configured to removably attach to the fixed filter guide rail, wherein the filter is capable of capturing residue or contaminants in the fluid.

Abstract: The present utility model provides an outlet water switching device with temperature display and a shower system, which are applied to an upward water-feeding shower system. The system includes: a body, wherein the body accommodates an inner body, a valve seat and a water guide chamber in mutual communication are formed on the inner body to dispose a switching valve assembly and a hydraulic power generating device, an inlet water opening and at least one outlet water opening are further disposed on the inner body, the inlet water opening is in communication with the water guide chamber, the outlet water openings are in communication with the valve seat respectively, a water flow impacts the hydraulic power generating device disposed in the water guide chamber to enable the hydraulic power generating device to autonomously generate power.

Abstract: A method for early detection of control valve diaphragm failure is disclosed. The method includes disposing an elastic sensing element on a diaphragm of a pneumatic control valve, generating, using the elastic sensing element, a baseline sensor record comprising initial elasticity measurements of the diaphragm, generating, using the elastic sensing element and during a useful life of the control valve, a sequence of periodic sensor records comprising periodic elasticity measurements of the diaphragm, generating, in response to any periodic sensor record differs from the baseline sensor record by a pre-determined threshold, an alarm, and performing, in response to the alarm, a maintenance operation of the control valve.

Abstract: The present utility model discloses a wall-concealed faucet, including a box body pre-buried in a wall and a valve body disposed in the box body. A first valve seat and a second valve seat for disposing a regulating valve and a switching valve respectively are formed on the valve body, and inlet water openings two or more outlet water openings for supplying cold water and hot water respectively are disposed on the valve body. The inlet water opening communicates through a water channel in the valve body with the regulating valve disposed on the first valve seat. The regulating valve is in communication with the switching valve disposed in the second valve seat. The regulating valve is used to regulate a water temperature and a flow rate, and the switching valve is used to switch a water delivery state of each outlet water opening.

Abstract: A water monitoring system has aback-end system comprising an authentication module, a machine learning module, an alerts module, and a third-party module. The back-end system remotely connects to a local system which has a water monitoring device and the authentication module authenticates the connection relative to a user. The back-end system remotely connects to a third-party system using the third-party module and the authentication module authenticates the connection relative to the same user. The back-end system receives data from the local system and the third-party system, the machine learning module analyzes the data to determine one or more rules which identify water usage as intended or unintended, and the alerts module provides an alert to one or more of the local system, the third-party system, or a client device when the water monitoring device measures water flow data which indicates a leak according to the one or more rules.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an Internet of Things (IoT) system for diagnosing accuracy of a smart gas ultrasonic meter. The method is implemented by a smart gas device management platform of the IoT system for diagnosing accuracy of the smart gas ultrasonic meter. The method includes: acquiring gas attribute data of gas passing through a metering device based on a distributed sensor deployed in a gas pipeline network; determining a first accuracy risk of the metering device through performing pre-diagnosis on the metering device based on the gas attribute data and metering device information; determining a second accuracy risk of the metering device through performing precision diagnosis on the metering device based on a pre-diagnosis result; and displaying detection indication information to the smart gas device management platform based on a precision diagnosis result.

Abstract: A state evaluation system includes a sensor, a filter, a signal processor, and an evaluator. The sensor detects elastic waves which are generated from industrial equipment in operation. The filter can pass elastic waves having frequency characteristics based on abrasion which is generated in the industrial equipment. The signal processor extracts a plurality of feature values using the elastic waves passing through the filter. The evaluator evaluates an abnormality of the industrial equipment on the basis of a combination of the extracted plurality of feature values.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to wastewater management that provides a method and a system for monitoring a sewer manhole from a remote location. The sewer monitoring system configured in a sewer manhole receives measured values from a level sensor and determines an accuracy error in the measured values for different conditions. The sewer monitoring system resolves the accuracy error in the measured values to obtain accurate measured values by either measuring a level of wastewater in the sewer manhole by setting a first range limit for the measured values dynamically based on an actual depth of the sewer manhole, or iteratively measuring the level of wastewater in the sewer manhole by setting unique a second range limit for the measured values dynamically. A risk associated with the sewer manhole based on the accurate measured values of the level sensor is determined, for monitoring the sewer manhole from a remote location.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sanitary fitting (1), at least comprising: —a fitting housing (2) having an outer surface (3); —a radiation transmitter (4) or radiation receiver (5) which is arranged at least in part in the fitting housing (2); and —a housing part (6) which covers, at least in part, the radiation transmitter (4) or radiation receiver (5) on the outer surface (3) of the fitting housing (2) and has a coating (7) that is translucent at least in part.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the present invention is to suitably generate or update an algorithm for a water treatment system. In a filter management server 1 for managing a water circulation management system W for treating wastewater using one or more filters 31, an acquisition unit 101 acquires information necessary for analyzing filter 31 performance or sample water DW. An analytical unit 102 analyzes the one or more filters 31 on the basis of the information acquired by the acquisition unit 101. An analysis results analytical unit 104 analyzes the one or more filters 31 or sample water DW on the basis of the results of the analysis by the analytical unit 102. An update unit 105 updates the algorithm for water treatment on the basis of the results of the analysis by the analysis results analytical unit 104. This configuration solves the aforementioned problem.

Abstract: A gas meter includes: a box-shaped body, an inlet mouth and an outlet mouth suited to allow the passage of a gas flow and defined on the box-shaped body, wherein inside the box-shaped body there is a metering device designed to measure one or more parameters for the determination of the gas flow rate, the metering device being provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The gas meter includes: an inlet duct extending from the inlet mouth towards an opposite side of the box-shaped body, an outlet duct extending between the outlet mouth and an opposite side of the box-shaped body, the metering device being positioned in an intermediate area between the inlet duct and the outlet duct.

Abstract: This present disclosure provides a method for gate station compressor operation optimization for smart gas, which is implemented based on an Internet of Things system for gate station compressor operation optimization for smart gas. The Internet of Things system includes a smart gas device management platform, a smart gas sensor network platform, and a smart gas object platform interacting in sequence. The method is executed by the smart gas device management platform, comprising: obtaining user features of a downstream gas usage based on the smart gas object platform, the user features including at least a user type; obtaining operation parameters of a compressor based on the smart gas object platform, the operation parameters including at least a rated outlet pressure set by the compressor; and determining a rated outlet pressure adjustment amount of the compressor based on the user features and the operation parameters.

Abstract: Provided a data management system which includes a data acquisition unit that acquires measurement data obtained by measuring a fluid flowing in a flow path from each of a plurality of sensors, a data recording unit that records the acquired measurement data, and a data volume reduction unit that reduces a data volume to be recorded for a target sensor based on the measurement data acquired from another sensor installed in either an upstream or a downstream from itself in the flow path among the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Aspects generally relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for conducting a calibration operation for a plurality of mass flow controllers (MFCs) of a substrate processing system. In one aspect, a corrected flow curve is created for a range of target flow rates across a plurality of setpoints. In one implementation, a method of conducting a calibration operation for a plurality of mass flow controllers (MFCs) of a substrate processing system includes prioritizing the plurality of MFCs for the calibration operation. The prioritizing includes determining an operation time for each MFC of the plurality of MFCs, and ranking the plurality of MFCs in a rank list according to the operation time for each MFC. The method includes conducting the calibration operation for the plurality of MFCs according to the rank list and during an idle time for the substrate processing system.

Abstract: A device and method for controlling operation of an ambulatory infusion device drive. The drive may have a spindle drive with a stepper motor, a drive member operatively coupled to a rotary encoder, and a driver controller that executes several steps, including actuating the stepper motor to execute a requested number of steps in a current drive control sequence, receiving a drive member position that indicates an actual position of a drive member following the actuation, computing an executed steps number from the drive member position, computing a missed steps number for the current drive control sequence, which is the difference between the requested number of steps and the executed steps number, determining when the ambulatory infusion device drive is blocked based on a statistical evaluation of a time-distribution of the missed steps number over a history of drive control sequences, and generating a blockage alarm signal.

Abstract: Techniques for managing delivery of water or other fluids have been disclosed. A central server provides real-time data and cost analysis to a client. In addition, fluid delivery techniques provide alerts or automatic schedule suspensions to reduce risk of loss. The techniques reduce or eliminate the impact of air or gas captured with water or other fluid of a fluid delivery system. The techniques allow a preexisting fluid delivery system to be retrofitted to communicate with a central system and one or more sensors of a fluid delivery system.

Abstract: A plumbing system may include a first conduit that supplies a fluid to a destination device. The plumbing system may also include a second conduit concentric to the first conduit. The second conduit includes an indicator material that changes one or more properties of the fluid supplied to the destination device when the fluid contacts the indicator material via an opening present in the first conduit.

Abstract: In the case of a sanitary outlet device (1), it is provided that a jet former receptacle (3) be formed on a housing (2), in which jet former receptacle an adapter (4) is removably inserted and arranged so as to be rotatable about its axis of rotation (6), wherein the adapter (4) can be rotated between a fixing position, in which the adapter (4) is secured against removal, and a releasing position, in which the adapter (4) is removable (cf. FIG. 1).

Abstract: An aftertreatment system includes: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system configured to decompose constituents of exhaust gas; an exhaust conduit configured to deliver the exhaust gas to the SCR system; a hydrocarbon insertion assembly; a valve operably coupled to the exhaust conduit, the valve configured to be selectively opened so as to allow a first gas to enter the exhaust conduit and mix with the exhaust gas; and a controller configured to: determine a SCR system temperature, in response to the SCR system temperature being less than a target temperature, instruct the hydrocarbon insertion assembly to insert hydrocarbons into the exhaust gas, and in response to the SCR system temperature being greater than the target temperature, instruct the valve to open so as to allow the first gas to enter the exhaust conduit, a first gas temperature of the first gas being lower than the SCR system temperature.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein relate to an apparatus for monitoring a valve having a control element, wherein the control element is actuated by an actuator, including a valve stem having a bore therethrough, wherein the bore is defined by a wall of the valve stem, and further wherein the valve stem is connected at a first end to the actuator and at a second end to the control element; and an electronics module within the bore of the valve stem, wherein the electronics module further includes one or more sensors within the valve stem.

Abstract: An actuator operable to move a valve stem between an opened position and a closed position includes a cylinder including an open side and a close side, the cylinder coupled to the valve stem, a first pump connected to the cylinder and operable to deliver a first high-pressure fluid to the open side of the cylinder to move the valve stem toward the opened position, and a second pump separate from the first pump, the second pump connected to the cylinder and operable to deliver a second high-pressure fluid to the close side of the cylinder to move the valve stem toward the closed position.

Abstract: A method includes mixing a first deionized water (DI) water from a first pipe and a second DI water from a second pipe in a merging pipe that is in fluid communication with the first pipe and the second pipe. An electrical resistivity of the first DI water is different from an electrical resistivity of the second DI water. A mixture of the first DI water and the second DI water is applied from the merging pipe onto a wafer.

Abstract: A powder-blasting device for cleaning the surfaces of teeth via application with a powder-gas mixture, including a stationary unit having a connection region for a mixing chamber for producing the powder-gas mixture, a hand part having a nozzle device for blasting the powder-gas mixture onto a surface of a tooth, and a joining unit for joining the hand part to the stationary unit wherein the joining unit has at least one joining guide between the stationary unit and the hand part, and wherein a tube section that can be blocked via elastic deformation is arranged in a powder-gas line between the mixing chamber and the nozzle device, wherein the joining unit is detachably joined to the stationary unit and the lockable tube section is arranged in the detachable joining unit.

Abstract: A system to characterize water in a building includes a processor; a water sensor coupled to the processor; a water valve coupled to the processor; an encryption module executed by the processor to secure water data; and a transceiver to communicate secured water data over a network to a remote processor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for unsticking intake and exhaust valves of an engine are described. In one example, valves that may be adjustably timed relative to an engine crankshaft position may be adjusted to unstick intake and/or exhaust valve that are stuck open or closed. In addition, fuel injection timing and spark timing may be adjusted in an effort to unstick intake and/or exhaust valves.

Abstract: A user terminal may be configured to communicate with a gateway. The gateway may be configured to communicate with sensor equipment including one or more sensors and watering equipment via a first network. The gateway may also be configured to communicate with the user terminal via a second network. The user terminal may include processing circuitry that is configured to provide a remote interface for communication with the sensor equipment and the watering equipment via the gateway.

Abstract: Water quality maintenance system are disclosed herein. The systems are configured to automatically switch between an open state allowing for purging of water from a water line and a closed state preventing water flow. The systems comprise a controller is configured to automatically generate a control signal and a purge valve comprising an electromagnetic actuator in electromechanical communication with the controller. Also disclosed herein are fixtures comprising the systems and methods of using the systems.

Abstract: A valve actuating system including a drive device having an axial extension, and having an actuator with an axial output side provided for coupling to a valve and with an opposing axial rear side, wherein the actuator has an attachment interface on the axial rear side thereof for the attachment of an auxiliary device interacting with the actuator, such as a display module, a control head, a position controller or a stroke-limiting module, wherein the attachment interface has a sectional surface onto which the auxiliary device can be tensioned by means of an axial locking device, wherein the axial locking device has a main body and a collar with a locking edge, with which at least one locking element is in contact on the side facing the actuator in order to tension the auxiliary device on the support surface, wherein the collar is formed by a retaining ring secured on the main body.

Abstract: A sensor terminal includes: a vibration sensor; an L-shaped attachment main body portion on which the vibration sensor is mounted and that is detachably attached to a truncated quadrangular pyramid structure portion of a valve cap attached to an opening/closing shaft portion of a water regulating valve provided in a water service pipe; side surface magnets that are provided in the attachment main body portion; and an upper surface magnet that is attached to a lower surface of a base on which the vibration sensor is mounted. Further, the truncated quadrangular pyramid structure portion includes a quadrangular upper surface and four side surfaces, and the attachment main body portion of the sensor terminal is fixed using magnet to each of the upper surface of the truncated quadrangular pyramid structure portion and at least one side surface among the four side surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a valve assembly for a fire suppression system, the valve assembly having: a valve armature having a top portion and a bottom portion spaced from the top portion along a longitudinal axis, the bottom portion including an armature cavity that includes a cavity inlet for receiving fluid and a cavity outlet proximate a bottom portion of the cavity for delivering fluid, a plunger slidable along the longitudinal axis within the armature cavity, between a closed state and an open state, wherein: in the closed state the plunger is at a predetermined bottom position in the armature cavity proximate the cavity outlet for fluidly sealing the cavity outlet; and in the open state the plunger is in a predetermined top position in the cavity distal the cavity outlet, and a monitoring system operatively connected to the valve armature, the monitoring system acoustically sensing whether the plunger is longitudinally misaligned.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a concentration of a constituent gas in a gas stream using pressure measurements are disclosed. A method may include a vaporizer receiving a carrier gas and a source material, and vaporizing the source material in the vaporizer to produce a gas stream including the carrier gas and the constituent vapor. Then, a pressure of a chamber of the vaporizer is obtained, a mass flow rate of the gas stream is measured, and a temperature of the chamber of the vaporizer is measured. A constituent-vapor-concentration signal indicative of the concentration the constituent vapor in the gas stream is then generated. The mass flow rate of the constituent vapor may be determined using the concentration of the constituent vapor, and the mass flow rate of the constituent vapor may then be controlled using the determined mass flow rate of the constituent vapor.

Abstract: A fuel tank arrangement in a marine vessel has a tank container, a first fuel line having a first fuel line port opening into the tank container so as to provide a flow path exclusively for a first fuel, a second fuel line having a second fuel line port opening into the tank container so as to provide a flow path exclusively for a second fuel. The first fuel line port and/or the second fuel line port is provided with a plug or alike to close the flow path from the tank container into the fuel line.

Abstract: Various examples of an active combustion control valve, combustion systems, and method of controlling the flow of liquid fluid in a gas combustion system are described. In one aspect of the present invention, an active combustion control valve includes a core valve housing, an actuator, a valve seat in communication with the actuator, and a passageway in fluid communication with the core valve housing and the valve seat. The control valve is responsive to change in voltage applied to the actuator and is capable of a first condition permitting a first fluid flow through the passageway and a second condition permitting a second fluid flow through the passageway, the first fluid flow being different than the second fluid flow. The combustion control valve is small, robust, responsive and self-cooling to operate in severe thermal environment.

Abstract: A flow meter for intravenous liquids comprising a vertical inlet passage (2), a parallel indicating chamber (9), a ‘U’ shaped flow-resistant liquid passage (6), and an exit chamber (11). Liquid to be dispensed enters the inlet passage (2) via inlet (5) and moves down the passage to a junction with both the ‘U’ shaped flow-resistant passage (6), and the indicator passage. From the junction, the liquid rises up the indicator passage to a height proportional to the flow rate set by an external flow meter, and also through the flow resistant passage, which has an outlet (8) that delivers the liquid to the exit chamber (11) and from there to a patient through an outlet (12). The meter may be formed by an assembly of two injection molded components, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A system for providing deionized (DI) water with a dynamic electrical resistivity is provided. The system includes plural DI water sources, source pipes, flow control devices, a merging pipe and a flow controller. The DI water sources respectively have different electrical resistivities. The source pipes are respectively connected to the DI water sources in a one-to-one manner. The flow control devices are respectively disposed in the source pipes in a one-to-one manner. The merging pipe joins the source pipes. The flow controller includes a resistivity sensor disposed in the merging pipe, and the flow controller is configured to control a flowrate of the DI water through the source pipes.

Abstract: A faucet assembly having an inlet port connected to a water passageway for receiving water from a water supply line, and a soap passageway for receiving liquid soap. An upwardly extending stalk having both a water discharge port connected to the water passageway and a soap discharge port connected to the soap passageway. A soap cartridge provides liquid soap to the soap passageway. A water activation sensor on the stalk is in electrical communication with a water valve in the water passageway. A soap activation sensor on the stalk is in electrical communication with a soap pump in the soap passageway. The soap discharge port is below the water discharge port. The water activation sensor selectively causes water to flow from the water discharge port while the soap activation sensor selectively causes liquid soap to flow from the soap discharge port.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a smart material for providing haptic feedback, as well as haptic actuators, and suitably haptic actuation resulting from electroactive materials. Such haptic actuators are useful in structural materials, including as elements of wearables or accessories.

Abstract: A proximity detector includes a sensor providing a proximity reading. The proximity detector is capable of comparing the reading to a rising threshold level and a falling threshold level, wherein the falling threshold level is less than the rising threshold level. The proximity detector continuously stores a minimum reading value for the proximity reading. The proximity detector will report the presence of granular material only if the proximity reading remains less than the falling threshold level and within an epsilon value of the minimum reading value for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A smart valve positioner is provided with a local user interface with but-tons and a display inside a positioner housing under a housing cover for locally operating the valve positioner. The valve positioner is further provided with a detector detecting whether the housing or the housing cover is open or closed. The operation mode of the local user interface is configured to be different depending on whether the housing or housing cover is open or closed. For example, a larger variety of operations may be available when the housing or housing cover is open.

Abstract: A bottle according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a sidewall, at least one cap removably attached to the sidewall, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to determine whether fluid expelled from the bottle is consumed by a user.

Abstract: A potential is held stably. A negative potential is generated with high accuracy. A semiconductor device with a high output voltage is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a capacitor, and a comparator. The comparator includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, and an output terminal. A gate and one of a source and a drain of the first transistor are electrically connected to each other. One of a source and a drain of the second transistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, one electrode of the capacitor, and a gate of the second transistor. The other of the source and the drain of the second transistor is electrically connected to the one of the source and the drain of the first transistor. The first transistor and the second transistor each contain an oxide semiconductor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a flow detection system. The system may include a flow detection hub fluidly connected to a fluid supply pipe including a flow sensor that detects a flow rate of fluid flowing through the fluid supply pipe and a processing element in communication with the flow sensor and a user device. The processing element performs the following operations: determining a first delta based on a first flow rate data from the flow sensor; determining a second delta based on a second flow rate data from the flow sensor; correlating the first delta and the second delta to a first event; and transmitting a message to a user device corresponding to the first event.

Abstract: A valve assembly with at least two valve modules is described, wherein the valve modules are arranged one beside the other in a line-up direction. The valve assembly also comprises an indicating device for displaying a state of the valve modules and/or of the valve assembly and/or of a component connected to the valve assembly. In the line-up direction the indicating device continuously extends over all valve modules.

Abstract: Pipeline segments can contain cables, such as communication cables (e.g., fiber optic cables) within insulation material surrounding the pipeline segments. Cables can be embedded within the insulation material, run through conduits embedded within the insulation material, placed in channels formed in the insulation material, or otherwise. Channels containing one or more cables can be filled with supplemental insulation material, thus securing the cables within the channels. Pipelines created as disclosed herein can enable data transfer between distant points without the need to lay fiber optic cable in addition to the pipeline. Further, fiber optic cable embedded thusly can be used to sense conditions in the pipeline, such as leaks, seismic activity, strain, and temperature information.

Abstract: An interlocking control device for a multiple-unit safety circuit is provided, which includes: a protective grounding switch control branch which includes: a pantograph rising pneumatic circuit cut-off valve, a protective grounding switch turn-off pneumatic circuit cut-off valve and a protective grounding switch turn-off solenoid valve which are connected in series. When high-voltage equipment of a multiple-unit train is under maintenance or is powered by an external power supply, a protective grounding switch is turned on, cocks of the pantograph rising pneumatic circuit cut-off valve and the protective grounding switch turn-off pneumatic circuit cut-off valve are rotated to open a cover of a key box, the protective grounding switch control branch is disconnected, the protective grounding switch turn-off solenoid valve connected in series in the protective grounding switch control branch is powered off to maintain the protective grounding switch in an on state.

Abstract: An example system in a fire pump room may comprise a monitoring component that is configured to receive data from two or more pump room devices of a fire pump room. The monitoring component may include a plurality of input ports and each of the two or more pump room devices may be communicatively coupled to the monitoring component via a corresponding input port. The system may further comprise a wireless network interface controller communicatively coupled to a server in a network via a wireless access point, and a memory configured to store subscription information for one or more subscribing parties. Additionally, the system may comprise a processing component configured to send an indication of the received data to at least one of the one or more subscribing parties via the wireless network interface controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for regenerating exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems capable of storing nitrogen oxides in lean exhaust gas, and in rich exhaust gas of reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. The invention is used in exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems which consist of at least one NOx storage catalyst arranged near the engine and at least one NOx storage catalyst located in the underbody of the vehicle and are intended to clean the exhaust gas of spark-ignition engines predominantly run on a lean mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor (1) comprising a pulse generator (2) and an electrode (3) connected to an output of the pulse generator (2). A detector (61) detects a change in the amplitude of the signal being present at the electrode, and a control unit (62) operatively connected to the output of the detector (61), detects the presence of a person interacting with the sensor based on the output signal of the detector (61). Furthermore, the electrode (3) is connected to the pulse generator (2) via an inductive circuit such that the sensor can detect the presence of a user but can also be used as a touch sensor. In one embodiment, the pulse generator (2) via an inductive circuit is adapted to generate a pulse train with repetition rate equal to the resonance frequency of the inductive circuit or to an integer multiple of an octave of said resonance frequency. An automatic faucet (100) using such sensor is further described.