Abstract: A composite fabric comprising at least two fabric layers interconnected by transversely or by longitudinally extending threads and wherein at least a part of the transversely extending and at least a part of the longitudinally extending interconnecting threads are woven both into the upper and into the lower fabric layer.

Abstract: A seam for joining the ends of a fabric to form an endless belt which can be used for papermaking, is created by attaching a continuous coil to each fabric end, the loops of the coils being preformed so that when the loops are intermeshed each loop of one coil engages or creates an interference fit, with two loops of the opposite coil. To strengthen the seam, a pin is inserted in the tube formed by the intermeshed loops.The loops are joined by using a tool which has two channels through which the ends are brought together. The channels are formed between two plates attached to the ends of scissor arms.

Abstract: A papermakers felt having improved void volume and a method for manufacturing of the felt are disclosed. The felt as woven comprises at least three plies with one ply being comprised of removable yarns. Through removal of the removable yarns, a series of voids are created in the final felt.

Abstract: A papermakers' felt of the batt-on-mesh type wherein the mesh layer is a fabric formed from machine direction yarns in combination with cross-machine direction yarns. The cross-machine direction yarns are multifilament yarns with a polyurethane coating thereon.

Abstract: A press felt for conveying a paper web through a press section of a paper machine and comprising a support fabric (1) formed of a yarn structure and a fibre bat layer (2) formed of fibres and needled to the support fabric at least on one side thereof. The support fabric and the fibre bat layer are filled with a filling material (3) from one surface of the felt to the other so that the felt has an air permeability of less than 0.5 m.sup.3 of air/m.sup.2 of felt per minute under an air pressure of 100 Pa. The fibre fineness of the fibre bat is preferably at least 6 den.The felt formed by the fibre bat layer and the support fabric is preferably filled from the surface facing the paper with a rubber or resin emulsion so that the filled felt retains at least 45% of its original thickness under a compressive pressure of 10 MPa, in order to avoid blowing and rewetting at a conveying speed of up to 1000 m/min.

Abstract: The warp and/or the weft of a woven papermakers fabric is made from a combination of polyester monofilament yarns and separate yarns of a different material preferably a more wear-resistant material so that the polyester yarns give adequate dimensional stability while the other yarns impart a different property, preferably, improved wear resistance.

Abstract: A composite fabric for use as clothing for the sheet forming section of a papermaking machine, which fabric comprises at least two fabric layers (1, 2) interconnected by binder threads (4, 5), and wherein part of the binder threads (4, 5) extend in the warp and weft directions and the threads form an elastic interlayer (3) and wherein each binder thread (4, 5) is interwoven with not more than one of the at least two fabric layers (1, 2).

Abstract: A method of applying alignment stripes to the surface of a papermakers' felt includes the steps of printing a dye pattern in the form of the stripes on a sheet of transfer paper, employing heat sublimatible transfer dyes, applying such a sheet with the transferable dye thereon adjacent an inside surface of a felt as mounted on a felt finishing setup which includes a heated head roll, and causing said sheet to be drawn with the felt between the felt and heated roll, while maintaining tension in the felt. The heated head roll causes the transfer of the dye pattern defining the alignment strip from the sheet to the adjacent surface of the felt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a papermakers felt comprising a woven three-layered base fabric construction and a non-woven batting material. The bottom layer of the base fabric is made from coarse yarns with large diameters and the top two layers of fine yarns with smaller diameters. There are fewer yarns in the bottom layer of the base fabric than in either of the top two layers.

Abstract: A forming fabric comprising an upper layer which is intended to serve as the paper-forming side and consists of thinner yarns, and a bottom layer which consists of coarser yarns. The two layers are interconnected in that threads form the upper layer alternately pass downwardy to interweave with the bottom layer and in the upper layer replace one another in such a manner that together these threads form the same weave pattern with the upper layer as the rest of the yarns in that layer, which yarns do not interweave with the bottom layer.

Abstract: A conveyor felt for conveying a paper web through a press section of a paper machine, comprising a support fabric (1) formed by a yarn structure and fibre bat layer (2) needled to the support fabric at least on one side thereof. The felt is, with the exception of the surface portion (4) of the fibre bat layer facing the web, filled with a filling material (3) so that the felt is completely air impermeable and has a chamois-like surface (2a). A barrier layer is formed in the fibre bat layer for preventing the filling material from penetrating into the surface facing the web. The barrier layer is obtained by calendering the surface of the fibre bat layer facing the web so as to make it smooth and compact or by providing in the fibre bat layer a fine-fibered fibre bat layer or a filtering intermediate layer on the side of the surface facing the web. The filling of the felt prevents blowing and rewetting at a conveying speed of up to 1000 m/min although the conveyor felt has a chamois-like surface facing the web.

Abstract: A two-ply screen for the sheet forming zone of a papermaking machine comprises weft filaments arranged in pairs one over the other and warp filaments with all the warp filaments being woven into the top layer of the screen. Only part of the warp filaments are woven also into the bottom layer of the screen. The number of warp filaments in the top fabric layer serving to form the paper sheet is twice that contained in the bottom layer. The lower weft filaments are at least 20% and preferably at least 30% thicker than the warp filaments.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a dryer felt and dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by an increased paper contacting surface in the center of the belt. The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected at the edges from direct contact with the hot dryer cans on the sheet side and in its entirety from typically abrasive carrying rolls on the back side. The improved drying efficiency in the center of the belt compensates for the prior art decreased drying efficiency at the center of the paper web being dried. This gives a uniform moisture content across the width of the drying paper web.

Abstract: A fluid permeable fabric is disclosed having particular advantages as a dryer fabric for papermaking is disclosed. The fabric includes a number of helix A extending cross-wise in the fabric and joined together along the length dimension by pintles 38. Crevice spaces 40 formed by intermeshing bend portions extending into the loop openings C are closed by a contoured filler strip B. The contoured filler strip occupies the loop openings and includes contoured edges 56 which penetrate and occupy a substantial portion of the crevice spaces. A fabric having a low permeability is thus provided. An enlarged heat radiating surface 52 facing the paper side 39 of the fabric increases the heat transfer occurring in the paper web W to expedite drying. Crevice space 40 and tapered edges 56 of the filler element provide a guiding function which facilitates filler insertion in the loop openings.

Abstract: A batt-on-mesh press felt having improved abrasion resistance, batt retention, and dimensional stability comprising a fibrous batt in combination with a woven mesh base. The woven mesh base comprises an ionomer resin-encapsulated nylon yarn in the cross-machine direction and nylon yarn in the machine direction.

Abstract: A dryer felt comprising a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane and arranged in a side-by-side relationship with adjacent coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a hinge yarn. During manufacture, the fabric is subjected to a heat treatment under controlled tension to cause the spiral coils, which are normally circular, or elliptical in cross-section to assume the shape of the hinge yarns which are typically of rectangular, elliptical, D-shape, dog bone or two or more circular cross section yarns with the long side of the stuffer yarn lying in the plane of the fabric. In this way, the air voids within the fabric are substantially filled by the hinge yarns to reduce permeability, while the flattened spiral coils provide smooth paper-receiving and machine roll contacting surfaces on the resultant dryer felt.

Abstract: An in-line pintle seam for use with a pintle to join adjacent ends of a papermakers belt or the like and a method for producing such a seam. Basically, the seam comprises a spiral and a stuffer pick which are held in place by sewing the face ends of the papermakers belt around the spiral and stuffer pick and then between the center and back layers of the fabric in the case of a three-layer fabric. Once this part of the seaming is completed, the back ends are brought around the spiral and stuffer pick and sewn between the face and center layers of the fabric in much the same way as the face ends. Thus, the spiral and stuffer pick are held to the edge of the fabric by all of the warp yarns. In the case of a two-layer fabric, the ends are sewn back into the fabric between the face and back layers and are pulled through the fabric so that they appear on the back surface of the fabric.

Abstract: A single-ply paper machine wire having a top side and a bottom side and including longitudinal machine direction threads and cross-threads, comprising a first group of cross-threads having at least one pattern repeat comprising differential lacing interwoven with a maximum of five longitudinal threads for forming said top side of said wire; a second group of cross-threads, each thread of said second group of cross-threads disposed between a pair of threads of said first group of cross-threads; said second group of cross-threads having at least one pattern repeat interwoven with at least six longitudinal threads; said second group of cross-threads pattern repeat floating under at least five of said longitudinal threads on said bottom side; and, said longitudinal and said cross-threads being synthetic is disclosed.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric having surface floats on both the paper surface and the non-paper contacting surface for improved sheet contact area and improved abrasion resistance. The fabric also includes a plurality of stuffer pick receiving sheds defined by warp yarns used to weave the fabric. Each of these sheds may receive a stuffer pick, the construction of which will be determined by the permeability required in the finished fabric, while the warp and weft yarns used to define the fabric remain unchanged. The warp ends of the fabric terminate in a pin seam made up of a number of enlarged seam loops which are created when a select number of warp yarns are symmetrically rewoven into the fabric.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric woven in accordance with a preselected weave pattern. The fabric has a top surface, a bottom surface, and a center plane interposed between the top and bottom surfaces. The fabric is woven using high melting point or high degradation temperature synthetic warp yarns and similarly high melting point or high degradation temperature synthetic top and bottom weft yarns. The weft yarns in the center plane are lower melting point synthetic yarns. During heat stabilization, the fabric is exposed to sufficient heat to cause the low melting point stuffer yarns to melt and flow, and to reform in such a way that they fill to a desired extent the voids in the weave pattern where they have been inserted, thus, reducing permeability. The flow of the molten synthetic stuffer pick around and between the unmelted warp and weft yarns bonds the whole structure together, thereby improving fabric stability. Finally, because the melted stuffer pick acts as a monofilament yarn, the fabric tends to run cleaner.

Abstract: A papermaker's wet felt having a multi-layered base fabric. Multiple layers of machine direction yarns are interwoven with a system of cross machine direction yarns having selected floats such that the cross machine yarns predominate both the top and bottom surfaces of the base fabric. Each yarn of the cross machine direction yarn system interweaving with at least two layers of machine direction yarns.

Abstract: A method for making a woven dryer fabric having different permeabilities in different sections across its width to control the moisture profile of a web being conveyed through the dryer section of the papermaking machine is disclosed. Additional cross machine yarns are interwoven only over a selected distance or distances across the fabric in the cross machine direction. The non-interwoven segments of the additional cross machine direction yarns form surface floats which are subsequently removed by shearing.

Abstract: A method for making a perfluoroolefin polymer filament belt is disclosed. The belt is substantially free of stretching under typical conditions of use including application of heat and force to the belt. This characteristic is produced by the process which includes the steps of weaving a belt and thermally fixing the woven belt by heating to the filaments to their white point while applying a force to the load bearing filaments.

Abstract: An improved papermakers' fabric comprising warp and filling yarns woven in a preselected conventional unbalanced weave pattern modified such that the warp yarn of that pattern alternate with warp woven in accordance with the reverse of that pattern.

Abstract: The longitudinal marginal regions of a synthetic fabric endless belt-type screen for a paper making machine are formed to permit less wear of the marginal regions due to greater elongation as compared to the central region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a woven all-synthetic monofilament dryer fabric for use in a paper-making machine. The fabric is constituted by a belt woven with warp and weft strands with the warp strands extending in the machine direction. The belt is interconnected at opposed ends by a woven single pintle pin seam to form an endless belt. The warp strands in at least rewoven end portions of the belt are flattened strands.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric having surface floats on both the paper surface and the non-paper contacting surface for improved sheet contact area and improved abrasion resistance. The fabric also includes a plurality of stuffer pick receiving sheds defined by warp yarns of non-circular cross section used to weave the fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the warp yarns are of generally rectangular cross section with rounded corners. Each of these sheds may receive a stuffer pick, the construction of which will be determined by the permeability required in the finished fabric, while the warp and weft yarns used to define the fabric remain unchanged. The warp ends of the fabric terminate in a pin seam made up of a number of enlarged seam loops which are created when a select number of the warp yarns of non-circular cross section are symmetrically rewoven into the fabric.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a papermakers wet-press felt fabric, felts made therefrom and their use, as wet press felts on papermaking machines.

Abstract: A wet press felt for use on papermaking machines is disclosed. The wet press felt of the invention comprises a conventional felt fabric having a special finish or surface for receiving the paper sheet. This special sheet surface comprises a layer of a substantially uniform, non-woven spun-bonded, synthetic organic filaments which are substantially round in cross-section and randomly distributed throughout the layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the problem which occurs when papermakers' fabrics are woven in a pattern in which the various warp of the pattern require different warp yarn lengths, i.e. unequal sew-up. The invention solves the problem by providing a monoplanar papermakers' fabric formed of warp and weft yarns interwoven in a repeating sequence of first and second adjacent patterns which alternate along the warp. The warp of the second weave pattern have a sequence of numbers of interlacings which is the reverse of the sequence for the first weave pattern so that the total number of interlacings in the combined first and second weave patterns is equal for all warp yarns.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a dryer felt and dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by an increased paper contacting surface in the center of the belt. The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected at the edges from direct contact with the hot dryer cans on the sheet side and in its entirety from typically abrasive carrying rolls on the back side. The improved drying efficiency in the center of the belt compensates for the prior art decreased drying efficiency at the center of the paper web being dried. This gives a uniform moisture content across the width of the drying paper web.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of dissipating the static charge that is built up by a dryer fabric opeating in the dryer section of a paper making machine, thereby preventing adhesion of the paper to the fabric when it is transferred from one fabric to another. More particularly the invention relates to the addition of an anti-static agent to the coating material which is applied to the dryer fabric. The invention also relates to a dryer fabric coated with a coating material which includes 0.2 to 10% by weight of an anti-static agent.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a new wet press felt for use on papermaking machines. The wet press felt of the invention comprises a conventional felt fabric having needled thereto a plurality of non-woven layers of synthetic, textile fibers. Interposed between the layers of synthetic textile fibers are mesh fabrics (4 to 32 mesh) which support the individual non-woven layers and retard compaction of the overall construction.

Abstract: A needle punched papermaking felt is described which comprises a plurality of layers of foundation fabrics formed in an endless form by joining the opposite edges of long woven form foundation fabrics or foundation fabrics woven in an endless form, laying over one or both sides of said foundation fabrics batts consisting of synthetic fibers or natural fibers or mixtures thereof, and by felting by a needle punching process to cause the component fibers to be entangled with each other. A thin layer of batts consisting of synthetic fibers, natural fibers or their mixtures, may be interposed between the adjacent layers of the foundation fabrics.

Abstract: A papermakers' fabric, having a repeating pattern of floats on its paper support surface is provided with surface floater yarns interspaced between adjacent yarns to improve sheet support characteristics of the fabric. The floater yarns are characterized by lack of interlacing with yarns transverse thereto. The floater yarns are "trapped" beneath the surface floats and are of a diameter generally less than the diameter of the adjacent yarns.

Abstract: A heat set paper machine fabric having at least a portion of its wear resisting surface composed of cross-linked high density high molecular weight polyethylene.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a seam construction for multilayered corrugator belts. The construction comprises woven complementary seam-halves joined by pintles and in which each seam-half comprises 2 connectors, each being a single and a double layer zone mechanically bound by the nature of the weave and in which the crosswise yarns of each connector form alternately displaced loops on one edge thereof which can be intermeshed with like loops formed on the edge of the opposite connector. The connectors are attached to a step in each end of the multilayered corrugator belt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a press felt which is in the shape of an endless belt and which has opposed side edges. The lateral direction of the belt extends between the side edges, and the longitudinal direction extends perpendicular to the lateral direction. The felt comprises an open-mesh base fabric woven of a plurality of synthetic filaments extending in both the lateral and longitudinal directions, and at least one batt of staple fibers needled thereto. In accordance with the invention, at least some of the filaments extending in the lateral direction are monofilaments having a flattened cross-section, the long axis of the flattened cross-section lying in a plane parallel to the plane of the fabric.

Abstract: The end portions to be connected are arranged opposite one another, after at least some of the web weft threads have been removed therefrom to form a tying strip interconnecting the ends of the web warp threads in their original order. The web warp threads are gradually released from the tying strip, spatially separated, on an individual basis and in their original order, from the following web warp threads and delivered to the entrance of the then open seam loom shed formed in seam warp threads positioned intermediate the points of emergence of the web warp threads out of the original web. Thereafter, the separated threads are caused to traverse, as seam weft threads, the respectively associated seam shed produced by a Jacquard seam loom, this traversing movement being accomplished by a clamping arrangement arranged at the free end of a floating arm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a screen, which consists of one layer of longitudinal threads and one layer of transversal threads and which has a theoretical free area larger than 0%. The longitudinal threads (1) are drawn down in the fabric so that, in the drawn-down points, pockets, or cavities, (3) are formed between the bent-down points. Hereby the fabric or screen has a high draining capacity in combination with good retention properties.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a multi-layer, flat woven, composite fabric having a duplex weave base of synthetic, polymeric resin yarns and soft surfaces of multi-filament or spun yarns. The fabric is useful as a conventional corrugator belt when made endless.

Abstract: A forming fabric for papermaking machines is produced by weaving a conventional fabric with warp yarns extending from each of two ends. A selected number of extended warps are cut with each having an adjacent extending warp. Loops are formed with the extending warps and the ends of extending warps are rewoven through provided fills to a position near the cut warps and leaving ends of the warps projecting from the surface of the fabric. The loops are interlaced and a join pin inserted. The projecting ends are pulled to collapse the loops about the join pin.

Abstract: A dryer felt comprising a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane and arranged in a side-by-side relationship with adjacent coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a hinge yarn of non-circular cross section. During manufacture, the fabric is subjected to a heat treatment under controlled tension to cause the spiral coils, which are normally circular or oval in cross section, to assume the shape of the non-circular stuffer yarns which are typically of elliptical, D-shape, dog bone or two or more rectangular circular cross section yarns with the long side of the stuffer yarn lying in the plane of the fabric. In this way, the air voids within the fabric are substantially filled by the hinge yarns to reduce permeability, while the flattened spiral coils provide smooth paper-receiving and machine roll contacting surfaces on the resultant dryer felt.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at modifying a resin-treated dryer fabric in such a way that its scaffolding effect is reduced or eliminated. Further, according to the teachings of the present invention, the resin used to coat the dryer fabric is itself made self-extinguishing, such that even if the fabric acts as a scaffold, the resin will not burn. Even further, a degree of flame retardancy is imparted to the base fabric in those cases where the base fabric itself is not self-extinguishing. A dryer fabric in which the woven fabric material is treated with an admixture of flame retardant material and resin, such that the flame retardant and resin are added to either the yarns of the fabric or the woven fabric at the same time. The admixture may take the form of a solution, a suspension, a colloidal suspension, a dispersion or an emulsion of flame retardant material and resin.

Abstract: A papermaking felt having interwoven warp and filling yarns on its face side and bulky rib forming yarns on its machine side, the rib forming yarns lying in spaced apart relation to define water conveying channels therebetween, there being a batt surface on the face side of the fabric needled through the warp and filling yarns and into the rib forming yarns, the rib forming yarns being heat fused following needling to render them essentially incompressible, the rib forming yarns being initially attached to the warp yarns by holding yarns which may be removed prior to the heat fusing or retained as a permanent part of the felt.

Abstract: A dryer fabric and method for drying a web W of paper material is disclosed which includes passing the web through a dryer having a plurality of heated cylinders and holding the web in contact against the heated cylinders by means of a dryer fabric 24 arranged as an endless traveling dryer fabric. The dryer fabric includes a plurality of elongated helix means 30 extending in a cross-wise direction constructed from a polymeric material characterized by stress and heat resistance to which said fabric is subjected during endless travel about the rollers at elevated drying temperatures. Joint means 32 joins adjacent ones of helix means successively together in a machine direction to form an endless belt of desired dimension. Spaced upper and lower generally parallel loop runs 34a and 34b in the helix means 30 define a smooth generally flat paper contacting surface.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric is woven from synthetic warp and weft threads in an eight harness weave pattern, and is characterized by having long knuckles of at least six crossovers in length in at least one thread system with a minimal number of interlacings of the threads in the fabric. In one embodiment, the long knuckles of each weave repeat of one thread system are six crossovers in length on one side of the fabric and the short knuckles of the system are two crossovers in length on the other side of the fabric. In a second embodiment, the long knuckles of each weave repeat of each thread system are seven crossovers in length and the short knuckles are one crossover in length.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a felt for dehydration of a fiber web, preferably an asbestos fiber web in a machine for manufacturing of asbestos cement pipes, which felt being in the form a two layered fabric, one of the layers constitutes the upper layer and is closest to the fiber web. It is desirable to improve known felts in order to reduce their susceptibility to be filled up and worn out.Such a technical problem is solved in accordance with the present invention by a combination of twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers and monofilament threads, said twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers in at least the upper layer being roughened.

Abstract: A woven textile fabric and seam is disclosed for joining dryer fabrics and the like papermaking clothing constructed of multiply woven fabric belting wherein each of the ends of the belting is separated into continuous woven superposed plys permitting insertion and securing of seam webbing between the plys at each end of the belting. The seam webbing is illustrated sandwiched between the separated plys and completely enclosed therein when the plys and webbing are secured together so that interruption of the otherwise continuous belting is minimized. Having affixed the webbing at ends of the woven fabric in this manner, pintle loops may be interlaced and fastened securely together by the insertion of pintle material. One of the separated plys may be advantageously woven to provide pintle loops when folded upon itself.

Abstract: A papermaker's felt having improved water drainage properties for use in the press or dewatering section of papermaking machinery. The felt is formed by a base fabric comprised of machine and cross machine direction yarns in a plurality of large cable yarns which are secured to the base fabric by selected interweavings with the cross machine direction yarns. A felt batt is needled to the paper carrying surface of the felt and a second batt is needled to the machine or cable side of the fabric. The cables are maintained in a secured position generally spaced between pairs of machine direction yarns in the base fabric by means of the interweaving with the cross direction yarns.