Abstract: An apparatus for magnetizing a permanent magnet which includes a frame including first and second relatively movable members arranged to form a core frame which supports first and second conic co-axial poles enclosed by the movable frame members for creating a magnetic flux circuit with an adjustable air gap for enclosing a product to be magnetized. The apparatus is energized by coils wound about the poles and enclosing the air gap. The poles include a bore co-axially aligned with the co-axial axis of the poles and a press ram dimensioned to move within the bore.

Abstract: A method of improving the magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic materials is disclosed. The method comprises a step of providing a specimen made of Fe, Ni or Co based amorphous alloys in a magnetizing field and a second step of applying an AC current or pulsed current on the specimen to improve its soft magnetic properties. The applied AC current has a frequency of 50 to 50K Hz, a wave form of either sine wave, triangular wave or square wave, and a current density of 10 to 500 A/cm.sup.2. The magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic materials are improved by a coercivity ratio less than 0.5, a magnetic induction ratio greater than 1 and a core loss ratio less than 0.3.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for performing the process are provided wherein a synthetic homeopathic substrate is manufactured by placing a substrate between two magnets and feeding information energy, such as electromagnetic energy in a frequency range of an amount up to about twelve KHz, to the substrate along a path transverse to the connection axis between the two magnets. The treated substrate is useful in a variety of areas.

Abstract: A magnetic metallic glass alloy exhibits, in combination, high saturation induction and high Curie temperature. The alloy has a composition described by the formula Fe.sub.a Co.sub.b Ni.sub.c B.sub.d Si.sub.e C.sub.f, where "a"- "f" are in atom percent, "a" ranges from about 75 to about 81, "b" ranges from 0 to about 6, "c" ranges from about 2 to about 6, "d" ranges from about 11 to about 16, "e" ranges from 0 to about 4, and "f" ranges from 0 to about 4, with the provisos that (i) the sum of "b" and "c" may not be greater than about 8, (ii) "d" may not be greater than about 14 when "b" is zero, (iii) "e" may be zero only when "b" is greater than zero, and (iv) "f" is zero when "e" is zero. This alloy is suitable for use in large magnetic cores used in various applications requiring high magnetization rates, and in the cores of line frequency power distribution transformers, airborne transformers, current transsformers, ground fault interrupters, switch-mode power supplies, and the like.

Abstract: Rare-earth alloy anisotropic powders consist of, in atomic percent, over 12 percent and not more than 20 percent of R (R is at least one on neodymium and praseodymium or at least one of them and or more rare-earth elements), not less than 4 percent and not more than 10 percent of boron, not less than 0.05 percent and not more than 5 percent of copper and the rest that consists of iron and unavoidable impurities. Up to 20 percent of the iron contained is replaceable with cobalt. The alloy powders are made up of flat crystal grains having mean thickness h (the shortest measure), d not smaller than 0.01 .mu.m and not larger than 0.5 .mu.m and ratio d/h not smaller than 2, where d is the means measure of the grains taken at right angles to the widthwide direction thereof, and the alloy powders are magnetically anisotropic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for packing a permanent magnet powder wherein a solenoid coil is provided near the opening of a cylindrical molding space of a mold in such a manner that the direction of the central axis of the solenoid coil substantially coincides with the central axis of the molding space, and an alternating current magnetic field is applied, so that a permanent magnet powder above the opening is packed into the molding space. A magnetic pole may be provided in the center of the solenoid coil. The method of the present invention can be applied to not only a powder for a sintered magnet but also a powder for a bonded magnet.

Abstract: Composite magnetic compacts having good conductivity and excellent mechanical and magnetic properties and their forming methods. The composite magnetic compacts are basically made by forming mixtures consisting essentially of 1 to 50 percent by weight of a magnetic powder and the remaining percentage of a powder of superplastic Zn-22Al alloy. A drop in the strength of the compacts that occurs when the mixing percentage of the magnetic powder increases is made up for by the impregration of plastic in the compacts or the simpler addition of a plastic powder to the mixture of the powders of magnetic material and superplastic Zn-22Al alloy. The forming methods of the composite magnetic compacts are carried out at different temperatures and under different conditions depending on the composition of the powder mixtures and so on.

Abstract: A superconductive polycrystalline body is produced having a composition selected from the group consisting of Y.sub.1-x (Ln).sub.x Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-7, La.sub.1-x (Ln).sub.x Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-y and a combination thereof wherein x ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.5, y ranges up to about 0.3, and where Ln is selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and a combination thereof.

Abstract: A ceramic superconductor is made by consolidating a plurality of metals and a chalcogen and applying a magnetic field during the consolidation operation.

Abstract: A connecting element is provided comprising an electrical conductor and a conductive path of arranged carbon along the connecting element's entire connecting length. The conductive path can either be formed as an integral part of the electrical conductor or as a separate element which works in cooperation with the electrical conductor. The carbon is arranged in that the nuclear magnetic resonance of substantially all of the carbon atoms of the conductive path has a determined orientation. The carbon is arranged by way of the connecting element being passed through a magnetic dc field which orients the nuclear magnetic resonance of the carbon atoms with relation to that field.

Abstract: A high energy rare earth-ferromagnetic metal permanent magnet is disclosed which is characterized by improved intrinsic coercivity and is made by forming a particulate mixture of a permanent magnet alloy comprising one or more rare earth elements and one or more ferromagnetic metals and forming a second particulate mixture of a sintering alloy consisting essentially of 92-98 wt. % of one or more rare earth elements selected from the class consisting of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and mixtures of two or more of such rare earth elements, and 2-8 wt. % of one or more alloying metals selected from the class consisting of Al, Nb, Zr, V, Ta, Mo, and mixtures of two or more of such metals. The permanent magnet alloy particles and sintering aid alloy are mixed together and magnetically oriented by immersing the mixture in an axially aligned magnetic field while cold pressing the mixture.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing articles for magnetic use consisting of a metal alloy in the form of a continuous strip (3) from which the articles (33) are cut out, the alloy being subjected to a heat treatment comprising at least one annealing operation carried out in the presence of a magnetic field. The annealing operation is divided into at least two successive phases, respectively a first, initiating phase in the presence of a magnetic field, carried out on the alloy in the form of a continuous strip (3) as it unwinds, and a second phase of ageing carried out on the separated articles (33) obtained from the strip (3) which has undergone the first phase. The invention enables the production of articles, in particular, for the electrotechnical industry.

Abstract: A method of heat treating an amorphous soft magnetic (ASM) film for use in a device that utilizes magnetism and is fabricated by depositing two or more layers of an ASM film, and an associated oxide film and conductive metal film, on a substrate. Typically, the substrate is made of an oxide.

Abstract: A metal-metal matrix composite magnet including a magnetic material such as a neodymium-iron-boron magnetic phase bonded by a metal matrix, preferably copper an a method of making the magnet which involves plating a thin metal layer, for example, a layer having a thickness of less than 1000 angstrom average, from a magnetic phase, pressing the powder, with or without magnetic alignment, into the desired shape and then sintering the pressed powder at a temperature below about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: In manufacturing a magnetic head having a magnetic circuit formed of magnetic material in which anisotropy can be induced, the magnetic head is processed by a first annealing process in a magnetic field for inducing anisotropy to generate an axis of easy magnetization in one direction in a part of the magnetic material, subsequently the magnetic head is processed by a second annealing process for annealing the magnetic material, applying the magnetic field in one of the directions perpendicular to the axis of the easy magnetization so as to relax the anisotropy induced by the first annealing process.

Abstract: Production of a bonded magnet from a composition of a cross-linkable organic material and a particulate magnetic material by(1) placing in a mold a shaped composition in which the particles of magnetic material are optionally aligned and demagnetized,(2) rotating the mold about an axis thereof,(3) cross-linking the organic material in the shaped composition while rotating the mold,(4) recovering from the mold a shaped article, and(5) optionally remagnetizing the particles.

Abstract: A method of magnetizing high energy rare earth alloy magnets by applying a magnetic field while heating the magnetic alloy.

Abstract: A passive ferromagnetic material is transformed into a permanent magnet with more than double the existing energy product or "strength" by encasing a bar of the passive ferromagnetic material in an annular shell of superconductive material at a temperature above the transition temperature of the superconductive material, placing the encased ferromagnetic material into an axial magnetic field providing sufficient oersteds to magnetize the passive ferromagnetic material thereby enclosing a large amount of flux in the superconducting shell, lowering the temperature to below the transition temperature of the superconductive material whereupon all of the enclosed flux is permanently trapped, and removing the axial magnetic field.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a rare earth metal-transition metal-boron (R-T-B) bonded magnet with a magnetic anisotropy. R-T-B alloy ribbons and/or ribbon-like flakes containing R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B fine crystals are prepared with a thickness of 20-1,000 .mu.m by rapidly-quenching method. The ribbons and/or flakes are crushed and ground into a magnetic powder of particle sizes smaller than the value of the ribbon thickness. The magnetic powder is mixed with binder agent and formed into desired bulk-shape body in an aligning magnetic field to produce the bonded magnet with the magnetic anisotropy. In order to improve the magnetic properties, the ribbons and/or flakes can be heat-treated at a temperature of 650.degree.-950.degree. C. The magnetic powder can also be teat-treated at a temperature of 500.degree.-700.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of permanent magnet materials of the Iron-Boron-Rare Earth type.

Abstract: In production of rare earth type magnet, addition of Nd to Fe-Gd-metalloid base containing 2 or more of B, Si, and P, combined with solidification of molten alloy by abrupt cooling assures large coercive force and high susceptibility of the product.

Abstract: An iron based, boron containing magnetic alloy having at least 85 percent of its structure in the form of an amorphous metal matrix is annealed in the absence of a magnetic field at a temperature and for a time sufficient to induce precipitation therein of discrete particles of its constituents. The resulting alloy has decreased high frequency core losses and increased low field permeability; is particularly suited for high frequency applications.

Abstract: A method of rapidly annealing an amorphous alloy consisting of applying a magnetic field to the alloy, immersing the alloy in a liquid comprising molten tin and then placing the amorphous alloy in a cooling fluid. The cooling fluid may be an organic liquid or liquefied gas. Rapid magnetic annealing provides advantages not only of less time and energy costs, but also yields an annealed alloy that is more ductile than those of the prior art. The greater ductility permits the amorphous alloy to be annealed by this method and then rewound into a core.

Abstract: A device for treatment of ferromagnetic materials comprising means for developing a magnetic field of a selected intensity, duration, and cycle, which field is passed through materials to be processed, such as cutting tools and drill bits that have been sharpened or resharpened and other parts that have internal stresses. The magnetic field through the material provides stress relief of the stresses from welding, forming, heating cooling or sharpening or loading. The treatment increases surface wear resistance, decreases the coefficient of friction on the surfaces that are so treated, and increases the strength and modulus of elasticity. In certain types of materials, an increase in the surface concentration of such alloying metals such as wolfram, molybdenum, and tungsten, as well as oxygen and carbon is achieved. The structure comprises a coil and a controlled source of electrical power that generates a magnetic field for achieving the desired results.

Abstract: An anisotropic magnetic material formed from iron, boron and a rare-earth metal is prepared by the rapid solidification of an alloy melt of the desired composition and subsequently treated to generate magnetic anisotropy. The materials attain comparatively higher coercivity field strengths. A preliminary alloy is first prepared with the material components and cobalt is added to the alloy in such an amount that the crystallization temperature of the corresponding amorphous material system is below the Curie temperature of the crystallizing SE.sub.2 (Fe, Co).sub.14 B- phase. An intermediate product with amorphous structure is then developed from the melt of the preliminary alloy using a rapid solidification technique. Thereafter, a crystallization of the intermediate product is performed using a heat treatment at a temperature that is above the crystallization temperature but below the Curie Temperature in the presence of an external d-c magnetic field to generate the magnetic anisotropy.

Abstract: A method of stress-relief annealing a magnetic core constructed of magnetic, metallic strip material, with at least a portion of the strip material being amorphous, wherein the strip material has major plane surfaces which define first exposed surfaces of the magnetic core, and lateral edges which collectively define second exposed surfaces of the magnetic core. The method includes the step of thermally insulating the first exposed surfaces of the magnetic core, and the step of heating the magnetic core via the second exposed surfaces.

Abstract: An ordinarily made thin steel sheet is placed in an atmosphere bearing SiCl.sub.4, and subjecting to Si penetrating treatment at temperatures between 1100.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C. for a determined period of time. A heating rate is used which is more than 50.degree. C./sec at the temperatures of more than 1000.degree. C. in the SiCl.sub.4 atmosphere.Thereby, it is possible to manufacture thin steel sheet of high magnetic permeability without internal defects.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method of increasing the magnetostrictive response of rare earth-iron (RFe) magnetostrictive alloy rods by a thermal-magnetic treatment. The rod is heated to a temperature above its Curie temperature, viz. from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C.; and, while the rod is at that temperature, a magnetic field is directionally applied and maintained while the rod is cooled, at least below its Curie temperature.

Abstract: A mechanically driven linkage causes a magnetic field acting on the object to be pulsed by alternately permitting and preventing a magnetic field from acting on the object during selected periods of time to relieve stress in the object or otherwise treat the object. Connections for applying a current through the object being treated are provided so that at the same the magnetic field is acting on the object a current added to affect the intermolecular structure of the object for various beneficial effects in treating. The current intensity and time cycle can be varied as desired and can be synchronized with the application of the magnetic field. Simple mechanical drives are used to selectively move the object or the magnetic field source, or to place a magnetic shield to block the field for selected periods of time, while permitting the magnetic field to act upon the object at other periods of time.

Abstract: A method for improving the magnetic properties of a core fabricated from at least one strip of amorphous metal wound about itself to form adjacent laminations in the shape or a closed loop is disclosed. In accordance with the method, a force in tension of predetermined strength is applied to the loop from the innermost lamination of the loop outwardly. While this tensile force is being applied, the loop is annealed simultaneously and subjected to a magnetic field of predetermined strength.

Abstract: A magnetic core comprised of an amorphous metal alloy having a composition represented by the formula:(Co.sub.1-a-b-c Fe.sub.a Mn.sub.b Mo.sub.c).sub.100-x-y Si.sub.x B.sub.y (in atomic %)wherein a, b, c, x and y are numbers which respectively satisfy relations 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.05, 0.03.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.08, 0.01.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.04, 0.04.ltoreq.b+c.ltoreq.0.10, 14.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.16 and 7.5.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.9.5, and the core is treated by a process including a step to keep the core at least one time at a temperature between 0.95.times.Tc and 150.degree. C. for a time of one hour to ten hours in a magnetic field, the direction of which is generally coincidental with the direction of the magnetic path in the core.

Abstract: A metal part, which may be an amorphous metal, is formed from an intermediate product comprised of at least two alloy components in powder form which have been compacted and optionally deformed such as by hammering or extrusion. The intermediate part is transformed into the metal part by a diffusion reaction. The intermediate product is produced by milling the at least two starting alloy components to form a mixture powder of particles having a predominantly layer-like structure comprising the starting alloy components. At least one of the starting alloy components is magnetic. After milling, the produced mixture powder is subjected to a magnetic field which aligns the still mobile powder particles. Thereafter, the final compacting and possible deformation takes place.

Abstract: A sintered magnet of Fe-B-rare earth alloy having an axis of easy magnetization oriented at an angle to a major axis can be directly produced from the alloy material by (a) press molding the material in an applied magnetic field into a compact of the dimensions determined by taking into account factors of shrinkage expected in X, Y and Z directions, and (b) sintering the compact.

Abstract: A permanent-magnet material having a composition represented by the following formula;R(Co.sub.1-X-Y-.alpha.-.beta. Fe.sub.X Cu.sub.Y M.sub..alpha. M'.sub.62)A(wherein X, Y, .alpha., .beta., and A respectively represent the following numbers:0.01.ltoreq.X, 0.02.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.0.25, 0.001.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.0.15,0.0001.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.0.001, and 6.0.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.8.3,providing that the amount of Fe to be added should be less than 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the composition, and R, M, and M' respectively represent the following constituents:R: At least one element selected from the group of rare earth elements,M: At least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, and Ta, andM': B or B+Si),is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous metal plate is disclosed which is adapted to use short metal fiber to prepare the plate. The process is capable of providing a porous metal plate which has increased bending strength and porosity, of which the porosity and thickness are controlled as desired and which has a wide and lengthy shape. The so-formed porous metal plate is capable of being extensively utilized, for example, not only as a filter and a sound absorption material but for a fuel cell, a catalyst and the like. It is formed by applying adhesive onto a surface of a substrate, and embedding short metal fibers in the adhesive. The composite thus formed is then pressed, to push over the short metal fibers, and the composite is then sintered. The substrate is a material which is capable of being burned out, or is a metal net, or is a release paper, so that the final plate will be porous throughout.

Abstract: A method of annealing a core comprises the following steps. First annealing coils are wound around the legs or yokes of a core or parallel-arranged cores made of an amorphous magnetic alloy. Secondly, the core is excited by flowing an alternating current through the annealing coils. Thirdly, the core interior is uniformly heated to an annealing temperature of amorphous magnetic alloy plates by heat generated due to iron loss.

Abstract: Compacted, unsintered powdered metallurgical workpieces are sequentially shuttled to a series of induction heating units in controlled environments to expel volatile and progressively raise the temperature of the workpiece to an effective sintering temperature.

Abstract: A method of constructing a magnetic core from groups of amorphous metal laminations, with the groups being defined by flattening sheets which are interspersed in a stack of amorphous laminations during a magnetic stress-relief anneal cycle. The stack of laminations is compressed with a pressure of at least about 4 psi, but not enough pressure to metallurgically bond adjacent laminations. The compression step is applied to the stack of laminations at least during the time the stack is at the elevated soaking temperature of the stress-relief anneal cycle. The flattened laminations are used to construct a magnetic core having an improved space factor and reduced sensitivity to core clamping pressures.

Abstract: Permanent magnet materials of the Fe-B-R type are produced by:preparing a metallic powder having a mean particle size of 0.3-80 microns and a composition of 8-30 at % R, 2-28 at % B, and the balance Fe,compacting, andsintering, at a temperature of 900-1200 degrees C. Co up to 50 at % may be present. Additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf) may be present. The process is applicable for anisotropic and isotropic magnet materials.

Abstract: Method of preparing an anisotropic permanent magnet by a powder metallurgical technique, in which, the step of orientation of anisotropically magnetic particles during shaping by compression to give a green body prior to sintering, the magnetic field is applied pulse-wise to the mass of magnetic particles and an impacting compressive force is applied to the thus oriented particles in the direction parallel to the magnetic field during the period in which a pulse of the pulse-wise magnetic field is sustained. This method ensures a much higher degree of particle orientation than in the conventional static-field method by virtue of the possibility of obtaining a much stronger magnetic field without problems which otherwise are unavoidable. The principle of the method is applicable to the preparation of a cylindrical or annular permanent magnet magnetizable in a plurality of radial directions.

Abstract: A method of rapidly annealing an amorphous metal core consists of applying a magnetic field to the core, immersing the core in a hot liquid for a period of time, and then placing the core in a cooling fluid. The hot liquid is preferably a molten metal or molten metal alloy, such as molten tin or solder. The cooling fluid may be an organic liquid or liquefied gas. Rapid magnetic annealing provides advantages not only of less time and energy costs, but also yields an annealed core that is more ductile than those of the prior art. The greater ductility permits a wound core to be annealed by this method and then rewound into another core.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor vessel has an electromagnet positioned within to generate the predetermined temperature for the vessel wall for a predetermined time to anneal the vessel.

Abstract: An annealing furnace for annealing magnetic cores therein. Each magnetic core is placed on a tray on which the core is transferred on rollers through the furnace along with a conductive magnetizing conductor or shaft positioned inside the core and a current source for supplying a current to the conductive magnetizing shaft. After the tray, core and current source pass through the furnace, the annealed core is removed from the tray, and the tray and current source are returned to the furnace entrance for reuse with another core.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an amorphous alloy involves thermally treating or annealing the amorphous alloy material at a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature thereof through rotation of the alloy material relative to a magnetic field at a velocity so as to meet the following relationship:R.tau..sub.O =0.5nwhereR is the number of revolutions per minute,.tau..sub.O is an average time required to cause the amorphous alloy material to reach a thermal equilibrium state of induced magnetic anisotropy, andn is an integer of at least 1.The amorphous alloy thus prepared possesses a high permeability and a high saturated magnetic flux so that it is suitable as a soft magnetic core material, such a magnetic heads.

Abstract: A method of reducing core losses in a magnetic core characterized by the steps of winding a strip of a previously annealed amorphous magnetic alloy strip into a magnetic core; applying a primary winding onto the magnetic core to establish an AC exciting field in the core; applying a secondary winding onto the core; and applying a DC or a low frequency AC magnetic field to the core at an angle that is non-coincident to the AC exciting field to effect reduced high frequency core losses.

Abstract: Mono-directional magnetic anisotropy given to a Fe-Cr-Co straight tube by initial heat magnetization is converted into radial magnetic anisotropy by subsequent formation of one or more flange sections through plastic deformation which is perpetuated by final age-hardening in order to obtain an excellent configuration magnet well suited for electro-acoustic converters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a collector in the form of a collector ring for use with direct current electric machines. The process consists of heating the collector ring, comprising copper sheets and insulating mica plates, assembled in a conventional apparatus by means of an inductor coaxial with the ring, and of exposing the collector ring to a radial pressure by applying to the apparatus a pressure of a predetermined value by means of a press.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressing magnetic powder in a toroidal-shape we in a radial magnetic field. A magnetic flux is produced and carried by a die rod through the axial center of toroidally-shaped magnetic powder. An annular portion coaxially surrounding the die rod and magnetic powder is connected to a yoke member which carries the magnetic flux back to the magnetic flux producing means. This completes the magnetic circuit, and creates a radial magnetic field across the toroidally-shaped magnetic powder between the die rod and the annular portion. This radial magnetic field aligns the granules of the toroidally shaped magnetic powder during pressing.

Abstract: An iron based, boron, silicon, carbon and chromium containing magnetic alloy having at least 85 percent of its structure in the form of an amorphous metal matrix is annealed at a temperature and for a time sufficient to induce precipitation therein of discrete particles of its constituents and to form an oxide layer on the surface of the matrix. The resulting alloy has decreased high frequency core losses and increased low field permeability; is particularly suited for high frequency applications.

Abstract: Mono-directional magnetic anisotropy given to a Fe-Cr-Co straight tube by initial heat magnetization is converted into radial magnetic anisotropy by subsequent formation of one or more flange sections through plastic deformation which is perpetuated by final age-hardening in order to obtain an excellent configuration magnet well suited for electro-acoustic converters.