Abstract: An iron alloy comprises 1.5-4.5% carbon, 1.5-4.5% silicon, at least 1.0 to 6.5% molybdenum and optionally copper and/or nickel wherein (% Mo+% Ni+% Cu) does not exceed 6.5%, balance iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is preferably spheroidal graphite cast iron. The alloy is especially useful in manufacturing brake disc rotors.

Abstract: A nodular or compacted graphite iron contains up to 6% aluminum, with high strength and good ductility over a wide temperature range, combined with excellent hot oxidation resistance and improved thermal fatigue resistance compared to ductile and SiMo ductile irons. The iron alloy of the invention contains, in addition to iron, from about 1 to about 6% aluminum, from about 2 to about 4.5% silicon, carbon in an amount where the weight percent carbon plus ⅓ the weight percent of silicon is up to about 5.2%, greater than or equal to about 0.02% cerium and up to about 1.5% molybdenum. All percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions may further contain up to about 7% nickel by weight.

Abstract: The invention provides a cast iron alloy comprising 3.0-3.8% carbon, 06-25% silicon, 0.2-0.65% manganese, 0.01-0.1% tin, <0.025% sulfur, 0.001-0.020% magnesium, 0.1-1.2% copper, 0.04-0.2% chromium, and balance up to 100% of iron and incidental impurities. The matrix structure is a continously variable ferrite/pearlite mixture and the content of carbides is less than 1%. The graphite shape of the alloy is 1 50% flake graphite, 50-99% compacted graphite and at most 10% spheroidal graphite. Such an alloy is easier to machine and less prone to shrinkage than an ordinary compacted graphite cast iron.

Abstract: A centrifugal supercharger includes a gear-type transmission for drivingly connecting the impeller to the engine. The transmission includes an impeller shaft supporting the impeller and being fixed relative to one of the gears of the transmission. The preferred impeller shaft and gear fixed thereto are integrally formed of cast iron so as to dampen propagation of sound waves to the impeller, thereby reducing the amplification of transmission noise by the impeller. Depending upon the desired horsepower gains provided by the supercharger, the impeller shaft preferably has a minimum shaft diameter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hermetic or open compressor for hydrocarbon refrigerant having high reliability. According to the present invention, in the compressor using hydrocarbon as refrigerant, synthetic oil such as polyalkylene glycol oil, ester oil or ether oil is used as freezer oil. Sliding member of the compressor includes both a portion made of aluminum material and a portion made of iron material. Therefore, it is possible to realize a compressor having excellent wear resistance and high reliability.

Abstract: A metallic cast material for friction bodies in acceleration or deceleration devices, particularly in the brake or clutch systems of road or rail vehicles, is produced from the iron/aluminum/carbon tertiary group so that the material is largely in the intermetallic phase having an ordered crystal lattice structure, and free carbon in lamellar, sphoroidal or vermicular form is present therein. The proportion of aluminum in the alloy is between 20 and 28% by weight, preferably 24% by weight. The material may be melted and cast open to the air. Solid or internally ventilated brake discs are mentioned as appropriate friction bodies. The friction bodies are lighter, more resistant to corrosion and wear, have a higher alternate bending fatigue strength and are at least as easily workable as previously known friction bodies made from ferrous materials.

Abstract: The invention concerns a wear-resistant camshaft and a method of producing the same. Objects in which the application of the invention is possible and useful are all cast-iron parts which are subject to wear as a result of lubricated friction. The wear-resistant camshaft consists of cast-iron and it has a surface layer consisting of a ledeburitic remelted layer with a high cementite portion, and, lying thereunder, a martensitic hardening zone, whereby according to the invention. a. the remelted layer consists of finely dispersed ledeburitic cementite with thicknesses of ≦1 &mgr;m and a metallic matrix of a phase mixture of martensite and/or bainite, residual austenite, as well as less than 20% finely laminated pearlite with a distance of ≦0.1 &mgr;m between the lamelias, and b. the hardening layer is formed from a phase mixture of martensite and/or bainite, partially dissolved pearlite, and residual austenite.

Abstract: Processes for producing gray cast iron and the resulting gray cast iron exhibiting consistently good surface finish with prolonged tool life during finish machining with cubic boron nitride and silicon nitride cutting tools at high cutting speeds and low feed rates are provided comprising (1) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for nitrogen to a gray iron melt; (2) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for carbon to said melt; and (3) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for oxygen to said melt, to form a chemically stable, high melting or refractory oxide protective layer at the cutting edge of the tool during metal cutting, thereby suppressing chemical wear.

Abstract: Processes for producing gray cast iron and the resulting gray cast iron exhibiting consistently good surface finish with prolonged tool life during finish machining with cubic boron nitride and silicon nitride cutting tools at high cutting speeds and low feed rates are provided comprising (1) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for nitrogen to a gray iron melt; (2) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for carbon to said melt; and (3) adding microalloying elements with strong affinity for oxygen to said melt, to form a chemically stable, high melting or refractory oxide protective layer at the cutting edge of the tool during metal cutting, thereby suppressing chemical wear.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of a steel strip, wherein molten steel is cast into a slab, conveyed through a furnace, roughed in a roughing apparatus and finish-rolled in a finishing apparatus. The method comprises an endless or semi-endless process having either step a or step b, wherein a and b respectively comprise (a) manufacturing a ferritically rolled steel strip, wherein the slab is rolled in the roughing apparatus in the austenitic range and then cooled to a ferritic structure, and wherein the strip is rolled in the finishing apparatus at speeds essentially corresponding to the entry speed into the finishing apparatus, and (b) manufacturing an austenitically rolled steel strip, wherein the strip leaving the roughing apparatus is heated to the austenitic range and is rolled in the finishing apparatus and then cooled down to the ferritic range.

Abstract: Austempered ductile iron castings having primary iron carbides uniformly dispersed throughout an ausferritic matrix, and methods of making the same, are described. The dissolution of the primary iron carbides into the ausferritic matrix during the austempering process is prevented or lessened by altering the chemical composition of the ductile iron, employing a stabilizing agent, by altering the processing parameters of the austempering process, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A high speed tool steel and a manufacturing method therefor are disclosed, in which carbides are formed in the matrix in a uniform manner, thereby obtaining a high toughness and a high abrasion resistance. The high speed tool steel according to the present invention includes a basic composition of WaMobCrcCodVxCyFez where the subscripts meet in weight %: 5.0%≦a≦7.0%, 4.0%≦b≦6.0%, 3.0%≦c≦5.0%, 6.5%≦d≦9.5%, 2.2% ≦x≦8.3%, 1.1%≦y≦2.18%, and 66.52%≦z≦73.7%. The final structure has carbides uniformly distributed within a martensite matrix, which are mainly MC and M6C carbides. The method includes the steps of melting the above-defined alloy composition, gas spraying the melted alloy to form a bulk material, heat treating the bulk material to decompose the M2C carbides to stabilize M6C carbides and hot working the heat treated bulk material to a desired shape.

Abstract: A cutting tool having cutting edges made of a high speed tool steel exhibiting very high wear and anti-chipping resistances, and sufficient toughness is provided. The high speed tool steel consists essentially of by weight C:0.6 to 1.8%, Si:1.2% max, Mn:0.5% max, Cr:3.5 to 5.0%, Mo:10% max, W:21% max, V:2 to 4% and Co:7 to 10%, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and the steel of the cutting edge comprise MC-type carbide grains each having a maximum equal value diameter of a circle ranging substantially 5 to 14 &mgr;m, and the MC-type carbide grains having an equal value diameter of the circle ranging substantially 5 to 14 &mgr;m have a ratio between short and long diameters ranging over substantially 0.3.

Abstract: A thixocast casting material is formed of an Fe--C--Si based alloy in which an angle endothermic section due to the melting of a eutectic crystal exists in a latent heat distribution curve and has a eutectic crystal amount Ec in a range of 10% by weight <Ec<50% by weight. This composition comprises 1.8% by weight .ltoreq.C.ltoreq.2.5% by weight of carbon, 1.4% by weight .ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.3% by weight of silicon and a balance of Fe including inevitable impurities.

Abstract: An iron alloy material for brake components comprising substantially perlitic grey iron alloyed with further elements comprising: carbon present in an amount of 3.50-3.70% by weight; vanadium present in an amount of 0.05-0.1% by weight; molybdenum present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight; silicon present in an amount of 1.90-2.0% by weight; manganese present in an amount of 0.55-0.70% by weight; phosphor present in a maximum amount of 0.10% by weight; sulphur present in an amount of 0.08-0.12% by weight; chromium present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight; and copper present in an amount of 0.20-0.30% by weight.

Abstract: An abrasion-resistant material is constructed from gray iron alloyed with 0.30 to 0.70% phosphorous. The high phosphorous cast iron alloy is heat treated for approximately 120 minutes to an austenitizing temperature of about 1600.degree. F. Next, the alloy is austempered for approximately 180 minutes at about 580.degree. F. The resulting abrasion-resistant structure is an acicular ferrite in stable austenite (ausferrite) with islands of a non-continuous, broken network of steadite of approximately 8 to 10% by volume, which has a material hardness of 280 to 330 BHN.

Abstract: A method to obtain parts of high carbon gray cast iron and high carbon gray cast iron material includes, a process to obtain high carbon gray cast iron and high carbon gray cast iron castings parts from the material. The castings parts so obtained are casting parts, which undergo friction, such as brake rotors and drums used in general automotive vehicles, clutch discs and/or other types of castings whose main characteristics are noise absorption properties caused by friction, and increased reduction of thermal cracks and fissures on the surface as a result of the action of friction.

Abstract: There is provided a piston ring, which has improved wear resistance and seizure resistance, and which does not abrade the cylinder liner made of flaky-graphite cast iron having a hardness of from HRB 85-95.The composition:C: 3.0-3.5%;Si: 2.2-3.2%;Mn: 0.4-1.0%;P: not more than 0.2%;S: not more than 0.12%;Cr: 0.1-0.3%;V: 0.05-0.2%;Ni: 0.8-1.2%;Mo: 0.5-1.2%;Cu: 0.5-1.2%; andB: 0.05-0.1% are contained in the cast iron.The structure:from 2 to 20% by area of the undissolved carbides and fine graphite are dispersed in a matrix consisting of either tempered martensite or bainite or both.The hardness:HRC 32-45.

Abstract: Improved gray iron compositions comprise at least about 90 weight % iron, at least about 3.40 weight % carbon, from about 1 to 2.5 weight % silicon, from about 0.4 to 1.0 weight % manganese, and from about 0.02 to 0.07 weight % tin. Preferably, the gray iron compositions of the invention also include from about 0.2 to about 0.5 weight % chromium, and may further preferably include from about 0.25 to 0.75% molybdenum and/or from about 0.3 to 1.0% copper, and may optionally also include small amounts (less than about 1%) of such elements as titanium or vanadium, as examples. The gray iron compositions which may advantageously be used in the manufacture of vehicle brake components, especially the braking surfaces of vehicle brake drums or brake rotors.

Abstract: An Iron-cobalt alloy, whose chemical composition contains, by weight:5%.ltoreq.Co.ltoreq.40%0%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.5%0.2%.ltoreq.Al.ltoreq.5%0.5%.ltoreq.Si+Al.ltoreq.5%the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting. Process for manufacturing a strip and strip obtained.

Abstract: An alloy for a gray cast iron plate for casting blanks of brake disks has composition of 3.65 to 3.95%, preferably approximately 3.85% carbon; 0.20 to 0.40%, preferably approximately 0.30% chromium; 1.80 to 2.20% silicon; 0.60 to 0.80% manganese; 0.30 to 0.50% copper; 0.20 to 0.80%, preferably approximately 0.38 to 0.45% niobium, and the remainder of iron, traces of other alloy metals and melting-caused impurities, such as phosphorus or sulfur, in which case other casting alloy metals, such as vanadium, nickel, tin, molybdenum, antimony, and the like may also be contained each with a content of from 0.01 to 0.06% by weight. The tensile strength, wear resistance and heat cracking resistance of the brake disks cast from such an alloy provide a very high service life of the brake disks which permits their use in utility vehicles.

Abstract: A metal alloy, structures made from the same, and methods of making the same, especially brake drums containing at least about 50% by weight of a ferritic matrix, up to 50% by weight of pearlitic iron, graphite including at least 10% by weight of nodular graphite, compacted graphite and no more than 20% by weight of flake graphite, and less than about 2.10% by weight of silicon.

Abstract: An iron casting, such as a cylinder block for an internal combustion engine, includes a number of component zones, with each of the zones having selected surface to volume ratio and selected section thickness sufficient to cause in-mold cooling during the casting process at controllable, but varying rates sufficient to result in predetermined, different percentages of nodular and compacted graphite iron in at least two of the zones of the cylinder block or other iron casting.

Abstract: A system for making a gray cast iron scrolls using a high performance inoculant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-speed steel member and manufacturing method thereof. The member has Nb content of 0(incl.) to 2.0 (excl.) % in the hard state after hardening and tempering and in its micro-structure, contains either or both of M.sub.6 C and M.sub.2 C type carbides representing a rate of 0 to 2% to the total area, and the remainder substantially consisting of MC type carbide. The difference of crystallization temperatures is 30.degree. C. or more between MC type carbide and M.sub.6 C or M.sub.2 C type eutectic carbide. The high-speed steel member exhibits a high toughness and a small anisotropy of the mechanical property namely, a hardness of HRC 60 or more and a Charpy impact value ratio between the longitudinal direction and the direction perpendicular thereto in a forged material is 0.7 or more and are quite useful for plastic working.

Abstract: A system for making a gray cast iron scrolls using a high performance inoculant.

Abstract: Spheroidal graphite cast iron for crank shafts having a tensile strength of 75 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more, and having excellent conformability and machinability, which cast iron consisting, by area ratio, of graphite of 5 to 15%, ferrite of not more than 10%, and the balance pearlite matrix, said cast iron having a Brinell hardness (HB) of 241 to 277.

Abstract: A cast iron slide member is formed from cast iron comprising 3.0% to 3.6% by weight of carbon (C), 1.6% to 2.4% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.2% to 1.5% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.5% to 1.5% by weight of chromium (Cr), 1.5% to 3.0% by weight of nickel (Ni), 0.5% to 1.0% by weight of molybdenum (Mo), 0.0003% to 0.1% by weight of at least one chilling promoting element E.sub.L selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), tellurium (Te) and cerium (Ce), and the balance of iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities. The slide member has a chilled slide portion. Thus, it is possible to improve the scuffing and pitting resistances of the slide portion.

Abstract: A new class of ductile iron is formed by the hot isostatic pressing of a ductile iron casting, followed by austempering of the ductile iron casting. Hot isostatic pressing can be carried out at a pressure in the range of 10,000 to 17,000 psi at a temperature above 1600.degree. F., and usually in the range of 1850.degree. F. to 2050.degree. F. Austempering of the material is carried out by heating to the austenitizing temperature (about 1500.degree. F. to 1800.degree. F.), maintaining the austenitizing temperature for a suitable time period, and rapidly cooling to an austempering temperature (about 400.degree. F. to 750.degree. F.) to form ausferrite within the sample.

Abstract: A bearing blank is cast or machined of cast iron to a configuration near a final shape of a desired bearing element. A first surface of the bearing blank, corresponding to a sliding surface of the desired bearing element, is remelted while other portions of the bearing blank remain in a solid state. The remelted first surface is quenched such that fine particles of iron carbide precipitate in a remelted zone having an increased hardness and a decreased presence of graphite particles. A bearing element having a core portion composed of cast iron and an integral first surface portion including a precipitate of fine iron carbide particles, and having greater hardness and lesser incidence of graphite particles than the core portion, is also described.

Abstract: A method of producing steel wires intended for the manufacture of flexible conduits, steel wires obtained by this method, and flexible conduits reinforced by such wires is characterized by the fact that, for a given strain-hardening rate of the initial wire, a heat treatment is carried out under conditions of time and temperature such that the steel wire obtained after treatment has a mechanical rupture strength (Rm) greater than 850 MPa and a structure containing little free ferrite.

Abstract: The spheroidal graphite cast iron member having a surface layer portion mostly composed of a ferrite phase and having a thickness of at least 1 mm, and an inner portion composed of a pearlite phase and a ferrite phase, the surface layer portion having a ferritization ratio of 70% or more which is larger than that of the inner portion by at least about 15% is produced by (a) pouring a spheroidal graphite cast melt into a casting mold; (b) removing the casting mold by shake-out after the completion of solidification of the melt, while substantially the entire portion of the resulting cast iron product is still at a temperature of its A.sub.1 transformation point or higher; (c) when the temperature difference between the surface layer portion and the inner portion has become 40.degree.-60.degree. C., introducing the cast iron product into a uniform-temperature furnace kept at 750.degree.-900.degree. C.

Abstract: A roll shell, material is composed of C: 1.5.about.3.5%, Si: 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.2% or less, Cr: 5.5.about.12.0%, Mo: 2.0.about.8.0%, V: 3.0.about.10.0%, Nb: 0.6.about.7.0%, and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2):V+1.8 Nb.ltoreq.7.5 C-6.0 (%) (1)0.2.ltoreq.Nb/V.ltoreq.0.8 (2)and remainder of Fe and inherent impurities.

Abstract: A moderately high carbon alloy grey iron having a carbon content ranging from 3.4% to 3.6% by weight and a primary alloying addition of the combination of molybdenum and copper in amounts by weight ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% and from about 0.30% to 0.60%, respectively for achieving thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability without adversely affecting chill depth, and with a relatively low silicon content of about 1.80% to 2.10%. The alloyed grey iron having the characteristics of:(i) a microstructure of a fully pearlitic matrix having a refined eutectic cell size, and graphite present in substantially uniform distribution and random orientation, the graphite having a flake size of predominantly 5-7 ASTM;(ii) a tensile strength of at least 40,000 psi in the desired section size;(iii) a hardness of about 179 to about 229 Brinell.

Abstract: The invention relates to heat resistant vermicular or spheroidal graphite cast iron. To make cast iron resistant to temperatures of 900.degree. C. to more than 1000.degree. C. while reducing manufacturing costs, the cast iron includes 4.7% to 7.1% by weight of Si equivalent, where Si.sub.eq is defined as Si+0.8Al, and in which the concentration by weight of Si lies in the range 3.9% to 5.3% and the concentration of Al lies in the range 0.5% to 2.5%.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a roll ring for hot and/or cold rolling. The rolling track comprises one or several cemented carbide rings, which are cast into a casing made by an iron alloy. The cast alloy comprising a materially graphitic cast iron, which after the casting contains residual austenite. This residual austenite is at subsequent heat treatment or treatments partly or totally transformed under volume increase to mainly bainite with the aim of reducing or totally eliminating the differential shrinkage between the cast iron and the cemented carbide as a result from cooling after the casting.

Abstract: An austempered ductile iron differential gear and method of manufacture. The gear is cast to near net shape in a vertical injection, flaskless moulding machine using delayed inmould inoculation to ensure greater homogeneity of the alloy melt. The gear casting is allowed to cool, then austenized at a temperature of 1628.degree. F. for a period of approximately 11/2 hours, and subsequently austempered in a quench bed at a temperature of approximately 526.degree. F. for a period of approximately four hours.

Abstract: A method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part includes uniformly heating the surface of the part by immersion into a molten metallic bath until a desired thickness of surface austenite is produced, and thereafter quenching the heated cast iron part in a liquid quenching bath which is maintained at a temperature of between about 450.degree. to about 800.degree. F. for about 10 minutes to about 4 hours. The resultant selectively surface hardened cast iron part is surface hardened with the bulk of the body of the part remaining untempered. An apparatus for performing this process includes a molten metal bath chamber for containing the molten metal and a molten salt bath quenching chamber for quenching the cast iron parts with a conveyor means extending between the molten metal bath and the molten salt bath chambers. A second conveyor means removes the parts from the molten salt bath chamber.

Abstract: An austemperable cast iron which includes an ausferritic matrix, the cast iron having a silicon content of from about 1.6 to about 2.4 weight percent, and a carbon content of from about 1.6 to about 2.2 weight percent, such that the carbon equivalent of the cast iron is from about 2.1 to about 3.0 weight percent. The austempered cast iron is prepared by melting the cast iron composition; to about 1650.degree.-1900.degree. F. and maintaining the temperature of the casting at that temperature until substantially all of the eutectic carbide particles convert to temper graphite nodules to form a temper graphite-containing casting, then cooling the temper graphite-containing casting to about 1500.degree.-1750.degree. F. and maintaining the temperature of the tempered graphite-coating at about 1500.degree.-1750.degree. F. until a fully austenitic matrix is achieved, and then quenching and cooling the ausferritic matrix casting to room temperature before bainite is formed.

Abstract: Spherical graphite cast iron utilized to prepare a lapping tool is manufactured by casting a molten composition into a mold cavity, and by chilling one side of the resulting casting thereby causing unidirectional solidification, the one side being used as the operating surface of the lapping tool. The molten composition consists of 3.0-3.8 wt. % of carbon, 2.0-2.9 wt. % of silicon, 0.3-0.9 wt. % of manganese, less than 0.05 wt. % of phosphorus, less than 0.03 wt. % of sulfur, 0.2-1.0 wt. % of nickel, 0-0.8 wt. % of copper, 0.05-0.5 wt. % of molybdenum, 0.03-0.09 wt. % of magnesium and the balance of iron. The lapping tool made of this casting has a percentage of sphericity of higher than 80%, graphite particle diameter of less than 100 microns, a density of graphite particles of larger than 70/mm.sup.2, and a Vickers hardness of larger than 200.

Abstract: A process for producing a low alloy white cast iron is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of selecting one of a group of four alloying elements for a nickel, molybdenum/copper or modified low alloy iron; the four alloying groups consisting essentially, by weight percent of about:Group 1: 2.5 to 4.0% carbon; 0.3 to 0.8% silicon; 0.3 to 0.8% manganese; 0.75 to 2.0% nickel; 0 to 0.75% chromium.Group 2: 3.0 to 4.5% carbon; 0.3 to 0.8% silicon; 0.3 to 1.0% manganese; 0 to 0.8% molybdenum; and 0.3 to 1.0% copper.Group 3: 3.0 to 4.5% carbon; 0.3 to 0.8% silicon; 0.3 to 1.0% manganese; and 0.3 to 0.

Abstract: A iron alloy material for the manufacture of brake drums, specially of massive and ventilated brake discs and other braking bodies, which has a pearlitic structure with a 5% maximum portion of ferrite, and a tensile strength of at least 200 N/mm.sup.2 and consists essentially of:carbon in an amount of 3.672 to 3.68 weight %;silicon in an amount not exceeding 2.10 weight %;manganese in an amount of 0.70 to 0.85 weight %;phosphorus in an amount of less than 0.080 weight %;sulfur in an amount of less than 0.095 weight %;chromiun in an amount of 0.18 to 0.25 weight %;molybdenum in an amount of 0.30 to 0.45 weight %;copper in an amount of 0.30 to 0.45 weight %; andiron in an amount of 92.045 to 94.5 weight %.

Abstract: A lapping tool with a flatness in the range below 20 .mu.m which is made of at least cast iron having an austenitic matrix and consisting essentially of from 1% up to 3.5% carbon, up to 1.5% silicon, from 32% to 39.5% nickel, from 1% to less than 4% cobalt, up to 41% of the combined total of nickel plus cobalt and the balance substantially all iron providing a low expansion coefficient, good castability, good cutting properties and good damping capacity. (By % is meant % by weight).

Abstract: An austempered ductile iron alloy with a mixed austenitic-bainitic structure is made by a method which enables the iron to withstand high cyclical stresses while having a high resistance to abrasion. Articles such as automobile roller-follower camshafts that are made from the iron alloy may have portions thereof selectively austempered to reduce the overall cost and time required to manufacture the article.

Abstract: A thin high-strength article of spheroidal graphite cast iron having graphite particles dispersed in a ferrite matrix containing 10% or less of pearlite, characterized in that there are substantially no fine gaps between the graphite particles and the ferrite matrix. It is produced by pouring a melt having a spheroidal graphite cast iron composition into a casting mold; removing the casting mold by shake-out, while substantially the entire portion of the resulting cast iron product is still at a temperature of its A.sub.3 transformation point or higher; immediately introducing the cast iron product into a uniform temperature zone of a continuous furnace kept at a temperature of the A.sub.3 transformation point or higher, where the cast iron product is held for 30 minutes or less to decompose cementite contained in the matrix; and transferring the cast iron product into a cooling zone of the continuous furnace to cool the cast iron product at such a cooling speed as to achieve the ferritization of the matrix.

Abstract: A pig iron for the manufacture of brake bodies, specially ventilated brake discs, which poured in cast-iron molds has a tensile strength of at least 250 N/mm.sup.2 and consisting essentially of:carbon in an amount 3.65 to 3.75 weight %;manganese in an amount 0.60 to 0.70 weight %;silicon in an amount not exceeding 2.10 weight %;phosphorus in an amount less than 0.09 weight %;sulfur in an amount less than 0.10 weight %; andiron in an amount 93.26 to 95.75 weight %;said iron having a pearlitic structure and said material when cast in cast-iron molds having a tensile strength of at least 250 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A bearing having a valve seat for a rotary compressor which is made of austenitic cast iron with graphite crystallized in an austenite matrix in the form of an A type, C type or A/C combined type under the ISO classification, maximum length crystallized graphite being in a range of 0.45 to 1.4 mm.

Abstract: A method for forming extremely strong ceramic-to-metal joints is provided which is particularly applicable to the formation of components for internal combustion engines. The present method simultaneously brazes a ceramic to a metal and creates a normallized microstructure and desired mechanical in the metal in a single heating step. The ceramic is metallized, a suitable alloy is applied, and the ceramic-alloy-metal composite is first heated to about 160.degree. F. to 1750.degree. F. for about one hour and then gas quenched in nitrogen or argon, or a gas with similar heat transfer capabilities.

Abstract: A magnesium-treated, decarburizingly-annealed cast iron material includes 4% or less carbon by weight, 2% or less silicon by weight, at least 0.010% magnesium by weight, and at least 0.001% sulphur by weight, the remainder being iron. The cast iron material is subjected to a first annealing phase in which graphitic carbon portions are formed. Thereafter, the cast iron material undergoes a second annealing phase during which certain of the graphitic carbon portions are burned out. The resultant structure includes cavities in place of certain of the graphitic carbon portions in a substantially ferritic matrix. The resultant cast iron material exhibits good welding and cutting properties with little susceptibility to hard cracking.

Abstract: A system for making a gray cast iron scrolls using a high performance inoculant.