Abstract: According to the method of the present invention, the ball plug is press fit into the counterbored passage of a fuel injector nozzle assembly prior to hardening of the fuel injector nozzle assembly. A core hardening and gas nitriding process is then applied to the assembly, causing the ball plug to expand and the passage diameter to shrink. This results in a greatly increased seal between the ball plug and the passage, and substantial elimination of the gaps experienced therebetween in prior art fuel injector nozzle assemblies.

Abstract: A high-hardness martensitic stainless steel excellent in corrosion resistance, comprising less than 0.15% by weight of C, from 0.10 to 1.0% by weight of Si, from 0.10 to 2.0% by weight of Mn, 0.010% or less of S, from 12.0 to 18.5% by weight of Cr, from 0.40 to 0.80% by weight of N, less than 0.030% by weight of Al, less than 0.020% by weight of O, and substantially the balance of Fe. The martensitic stainless steel of the present invention has cold-workability and hardness after tempering higher than that of SUS420J2 and corrosion resistance equivalent to or higher than that of an austenitic stainless steel SUS316.

Abstract: The newly proposed ferritic stainless steel sheet consists of C up to 0.03 mass %, N up to 0.03 mass %, Si up to 2.0 mass %, Mn up to 2.0 mass %, Ni up to 0.6 mass %, 9-35 mass % Cr, 0.15-0.80 mass % Nb, optionally one or more of Ti up to 0.5 mass %, Mo up to 3.0 mass %, Cu up to 2.0 mass % and Al up to 6.0 mass %, and the balance being Fe except inevitable impurities, comprises metallurgical structure involving precipitates of 2 &mgr;m or less in particle size at a ratio not more than 0.5 mass % and has crystalline orientation on a rolled surface at ¼ depth of thickness with Integrated Density defined by the formula (a) not less than 1.2. The ferritic stainless steel sheet is manufactured by 25 hours or shorter precipitation-treatment at 700-850° C. in prior to 1 minute or shorter finish-annealing at 900-1100° C. Integrated Intensity is made greater than 2.0 by controlling particle size of precipitates not more than 0.5 &mgr;m, so as to realize good workability with less in-plane anisotropy.

Abstract: An iron-based casting alloy and a process for making the alloy are provided by combining an iron-carbon-chromium system with primary carbides of vanadium, niobium, titanium, or combinations thereof without any eutectic carbides of vanadium, niobium and titanium. Eutectic chromium carbides (M7C3) are also formed without any primary chromium carbides. Proeutectic austenite can also be formed in the alloy.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel having improved high temperature mechanical properties includes greater than 25 weight percent chromium, 0.75 up to 1.5 weight percent molybdenum, up to 0.05 weight percent carbon, and at least one of niobium, titanium, and tantalum, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of niobium, titanium, and tantalum satisfies the following equation: 0.4≦(%Nb+%Ti+½(%Ta))≦1. The coefficient: of thermal expansion of the ferritic stainless steel is within 25 percent of the CTE of stabilized zirconia between 20° C. (68° F.) and 1000° C. (1832° F.), and the steel exhibits at least one creep property selected from creep rupture strength of at least 1000 psi at 900° C. (1,652° F.), time to 1% creep strain of at least 100 hours at 900° C. (1652° F.) under load of 1000 psi, and time to 2% creep strain of at least 200 hours at 900° C. (1652° F.) Under load of 1000 psi.

Abstract: A precipitation hardenable stainless steel having the following weight percent composition is disclosed. C 0.030 max. Mn  0.5 max. Si  0.5 max. P 0.040 max. S 0.025 max. Cr  9-13 Ni 7-9 Mo 3-6 Cu  0.75 max. Co  5-11 Ti  1.0 max. Al 1.0-1.5 Nb  1.0 max. B 0.010 max. N 0.030 max. O 0.020 max. The balance of the alloy is essentially iron and the usual impurities. One or more rare earth metals or calcium may be included in the alloy for removing and/or stabilizing phosphorus and sulfur. The alloy provides a unique combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is described a useful article such as an aircraft structural component or a golf club head that is formed, at least in part, from the aforesaid alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transformation controlled nitride precipitation hardening heat-treatable steel with the following composition (data in wt. %): 15-18 Cr, max. 0.5 Mn, 4-10 Ni, max. 15 Co, max. 4 W, max. 4 Mo, 0.5-1 V, at least one of Nb, Ta, Hf and Zr totaling between 0.001-0.1, 0.001-0.05 Ti, max. 0.5 Si, max. 0.05 C, 0.13-0.25 N, max. 4 Cu, rest iron and usual impurities, under the condition that the weight ratio of vanadium to nitrogen V/N is in the range between 3.5 and 4.2. The invention also relates to a heat treatment process for this steel. Very good strength, ductility and also corrosion resistance can be attained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing an improved ferritic or martensitic alloy based on iron and chromium strengthened by a dispersion of oxides, commonly called an Oxide Dispersion Strengthened or ODS alloy, and, more particularly to a method of manufacturing a ferritic or martensitic ODS alloy with large grains based on iron and chromium which has a single phase ferritic or martensitic matrix having an isotropic microstructure and a grain size that is sufficient to guarantee mechanical strength compatible with a use of this alloy at high temperature and/or under neutron irradiation.

Abstract: A stainless steel alloy that exhibits both high strength and toughness as a result of having particular ranges for chemistry, tempering temperatures and grain size. The alloy is a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel with an ultimate tensile strength of at least 1200 MPa, a Charpy impact toughness of greater than 55 J, and a grain size of ASTM 5 or finer. The alloy consists essentially of, by weight, 14.0 to 16.0 percent chromium, 6.0 to 7.0 percent nickel, 1.25 to 1.75 percent copper, 0.5 to 1.0 percent molybdenum, 0.03 to 0.5 percent carbon, niobium in an amount by weight of ten to twenty times greater than carbon, the balance iron, minor alloying constituents and impurities.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an iron, aluminum, chromium, carbon alloy and a method of producing the same, wherein the alloy has good room temperature ductility, excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and ductility. The alloy includes about 10 to 70 at. % iron, about 10 to 45 at. % aluminum, about 1 to 70 at. % chromium and about 0.9 to 15 at. % carbon. The invention is also directed to a material comprising a body-centered-cubic solid solution of this alloy, and a method for strengthening this material by the precipitation of body-centered-cubic particles within the solid solution, wherein the particles have substantially the same lattice parameters as the underlying solid solution. The ease of processing and excellent mechanical properties exhibited by the alloy, especially at high temperatures, allows it to be used in high temperature structural applications, such as a turbocharger component.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprise 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron. Carburized roll form and punch dies made from case hardened steel alloys with a reduced hardness core provide high wear and fatigue resistance as well as improved contact and bending fatigue resistance thereby avoiding premature failure and extending the useful life of such dies.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: A high-hardness martensitic stainless steel excellent in corrosion resistance, comprising less than 0.15% by weight of C, from 0.10 to 1.0% by weight of Si, from 0.10 to 2.0% by weight of Mn, 0.010% or less of S, from 12.0 to 18.5% by weight of Cr, from 0.40 to 0.80% by weight of N, less than 0.030% by weight of Al, less than 0.020% by weight of O, and substantially the balance of Fe. The martensitic stainless steel of the present invention has cold-workability and hardness after tempering higher than that of SUS420J2 and corrosion resistance equivalent to or higher than that of an austenitic stainless steel SUS316.

Abstract: A composition and method for the manufacture of products of a precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel, the composition of which comprises at least 0.5% by weight of Cr and at least 0.5% by weight of Mo wherein the sum of Cr, Ni and Fe exceeds 50%. The method steps include smelting the material into a casting, hot extrusion followed by a number of cold deforming steps so as to obtain at least 50% martensite and finally an ageing treatment at 425-525° C. to obtain precipitation of quasicrystalline particles. Such material can be used in vehicle components where demands for corrosion resistance, high strength and good toughness are to be satisfied.

Abstract: Brake disc produced by a hot-rolled stainless steel excellent in resistance to temper softening, characterized in that: said steel contains, in terms of wt %, C: 0.01 to 0.1%, N: 0.03% or less, C+N: 0.04 to 0.1%, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 20 or less, Ni: less than 0.5%, Cr: 10 to 15%, and Nb: 0.02% to 0.5%, with the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities; that the hardness after quenching heat treatment is in the range of 30 to 40 HRC; and that the temper softening temperature for lowering the hardness to below 30 HRC is at least 530° C. Further, it is desirable to add at least one of the following elements; 0.1 to 2% of Cu, 0.1 to 1% of Mo, 0.01 to 0.5% of Ti, 0.01 to 0.5% of V or 0.0005 to 0.01% of B, and to make the value of &ggr;p calculated from steel chemical composition at least 70%.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: A free-machining, precipitation-hardenable, martensitic stainless steel is described that provides a unique combination of machinability, processability, and toughness. The broad compositional range of the steel alloy of the invention is as follows, in weight percent: C 0.030 max. Mn 0.75 max. Si 0.75 max.. P 0.040 max. S 0.15-0.35 Cr 14.0-15.5 Ni  5.0-6.0 Mo 0.50-1.2 Cu  3.0-4.0 Nb 0.10-0.30 B 0.010 max. N 0.030 max. The balance of the alloy is iron and the usual impurities found in commercial grades of martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels intended for similar use or service.

Abstract: A turbo component for a turbocharger in which heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance is superior, and in which the cost is further lowered, is provided. In the turbo component, the overall composition is, in ratio by mass, Cr: 23.8 to 44.3%, Mo: 1.0 to 3.0%, Si: 1.0 to 3.0%, P: 0.1 to 1.0%, C: 1.0 to 3.0%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and carbide is dispersed in the matrix at a density ratio of 95% or more.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprise 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron. Blades for ice skating or other sports equipment made from such alloys provide predictable and reproducible characteristics and permit fabrication with hardened edges on a ductile, strong substrate or base.

Abstract: An Fe—Cr—Ni alloy for electron gun electrodes, comprises: 15 to 20% Cr; 9 to 15% Ni; 0.12% or less C; 0.005 to 1.0% Si; 0.005 to 2.5% Mn; 0.03% or less P; 0.0010 to 0.0100% S; 2.0% or less Mo; 0.001 to 0.2% Al; 0.005% or less O; 0.1% or less N; 0.05% or less Ca; 0.02% or less Mg; balance Fe; inevitable impurities; and inclusions with lengths of 10 &mgr;m or more and less than 100 &mgr;m and with an average distance therebetween of 100 &mgr;m or less in the thickness direction and inclusions with lengths of less than 10 &mgr;m and with an average distance therebetween of 20 &mgr;m or less in the thickness direction when the alloy is rolled to a sheet with a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 mm.

Abstract: There are provided a high-hardness prehardened steel for cold working having excellent machinability containing, by mass, not less than 0.3% but less than 0.5% C, 0.7 to 2.0% Si, and 0.08 to 0.25% S, a die for cold working which is fabricated by cutting this prehardened steel at a cutting speed not less than 50 m/min. This steel is hardened and tempered to have a hardness not less than 50 HRC. Preferably, this steel consists, by mass, not less than 0.3% but less than 0.5% C, 0.7 to 2.0% Si, 0.1 to 2.0% Mn, 0.08 to 0.25% S, 0.5 to 15.0% Cr, at least one selected from the group consisting of W and Mo an amount of which one is not more than 3.5% in total in terms of (Mo+1/2W), not more than 4.0% V, not more than 0.15% N, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities.

Abstract: A newly proposed steel consists of 8.0-35.0 wt. % Cr, 0.05-1.20 wt. % C, 0.05-3.0 wt. % at least one of Ti, Nb, Zr, V and W and the balance being essentially Fe and has the structure that a total amount of Ti, Nb, Zr V and/or W carbide precipitations distributed in a steel matrix is adjusted to 0.1 wt. % or more. The steel is bestowed with excellent abrasion-resistance by distribution of carbide precipitations. These carbides have nearly the same hardness as hard particles such as alumina and silicon carbides which causes abrasive abrasion. Due to such excellent abrasion-resistance, a weaving machine member, a sewing needle, an agricultural machine member such as a mowing tooth or a cutter blade made of the steel can be used over a long period.

Abstract: In a rolling bearing having a fixed race, a rotary race and a plurality of rolling elements disposed between said fixed race and said rotary race, at least said fixed race is made of a steel having 0.35 to 0.55% by weight of C, 11.0 to 17.0% by weight of Cr, 0.05 to less than 0.2% by weight of N and the rest of Fe and unavoidable components. Further, the sum of the content of C and N is from 0.45 to 0.65% by weight or less, and exhibits a surface hardness HRC of 57 or more after heat treatment and the diameter of eutectic carbide produced on said bearing races is 10 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: An Fe—Cr—Ni alloy for electron gun electrodes, comprises: 15 to 20% Cr; 9 to 15% Ni; 0.12% or less C; 0.005 to 1.0% Si; 0.005 to 2.5% Mn; 0.03% or less P; 0.0003 to 0.0100% S; 2.0% or less Mo; 0.001 to 0.2% Al; 0.003% or less O; 0.1% or less N; 0.1% or less Ti; 0.1% or less Nb; 0.1% or less V; 0.1% or less Zr; 0.05% or less Ca; 0.02% or less Mg by weight; balance Fe; and inevitable impurities. When the alloy is rolled into a sheet with a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 mm, the surface portion of the sheet includes groups of lining inclusions. The number of groups with widths of 10 &mgr;m or more and less than 20 &mgr;m and with lengths of 20 &mgr;m or more is 20/mm2 or less, and the number of groups with widths of 20 &mgr;m or more and with lengths of 20 &mgr;m or more is 5/mm2 or less.

Abstract: The stainless steel product has passive film on the surface, and at least one of a conductive metallic inclusion of carbide and a conductive metallic inclusion of boride protrudes through an outer surface of passive film from stainless steel under the passive film. The stainless steel product has low contact electrical resistance and suitable for use in bipolar plates of a polymer electrode fuel cell.

Abstract: A newly proposed steel consists of 8.0-35.0 wt. % Cr, 0.05-1.20 wt. % C, 0.05-3.0 wt. % at least one of Ti, Nb, Zr, V and W and the balance being essentially Fe and has the structure that a total amount of Ti, Nb, Zr, V and/or W carbide precipitates distributed in a steel matrix is adjusted to 0.l wt. % or more. The steel is bestowed with excellent abrasion-resistance by distribution of carbide precipitates. These carbides have nearly the same hardness as hard particles such as alumina and silicon carbides which causes abrasive abrasion. Due to such excellent abrasion-resistance, a weaving machine member, a sewing needle, an agricultural machine member such as a mowing tooth or a cutter blade made of the steel can be used over a long period.

Abstract: A manufacturing mold base for plastic injection molds is formed from a martensitic stainless steel alloy comprising: about 0.03%-0.06% by weight C, about 1.0%-1.6% by weight Mn, about 0.01%-0.03% by weight P, about 0.06%-0.3% by weight S, about 0.25%-1.0% by weight Si, about 12.0%-14.0% by weight Cr, about 0.5%-1.3% by weight Cu, about 0.01%-0.1% by weight V, about 0.02%-0.08% by weight N, with the balance being Fe with trace amounts of ordinarily present elements.

Abstract: A ball-and-roller bearing is disclosed having an inner ring, an outer ring arranged on the axis of the inner ring and rotating around the co-axis relative to the inner ring, and a rolling body interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring and rolling with rotation of the outer ring relative to the inner ring. One of the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rolling body has a core member made from an alloy containing iron, at least one of 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of silicon and 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of manganese, 7.0 to 11.0% by weight of chromium, 1.5 to 6.0% by weight of molybdenum, and 0.5 to 8.0% by weight of cobalt, and a case hardened surface layer. Also disclosed is the method of manufacturing the bearing by forming a core member of the alloy, forming a case hardened layer containing 0.9 to 1.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel having resistance to neutron-irradiation-induced deterioration obtained by subjecting a stainless steel consisting of not more than 0.08% by weight of C, not more than 2.0% by weight of Mn, not more than 1.5% by weight of Si, not more than 0.045% by weight of P, not more than 0.030% by weight of S, 8.0 to 22.0% of by weight Ni, 16.0 to 26.0% of by weight Cr and the balance as Fe; to thermal solid solution treatment at a temperature of 1,000° C. to 1,180° C. and then subjecting the so-treated steel to aging treatment at a temperature in the range of 600° C. to 750° C.

Abstract: A refiner disk or disk segment cast from a stainless steel alloy having a composition of 0.2 percent to 0.6 percent carbon, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent silicon, a maximum of 0.05 percent sulfur, a maximum of 0.05 percent phosphorus, 14 percent to 18 percent chromium, 2 percent to 5 percent nickel, 2 percent to 4 percent copper, a maximum of 1 percent molybdenum, 1.5 percent to 5.0 percent niobium, a maximum of 1.5 percent vanadium, and a maximum of 0.5 percent total of at least one element selected from either rare earth metals and/or magnesium, the balance being iron. The niobium and vanadium form discrete carbides at high temperatures during the melting process. The rare earth metals and/or magnesium enhances the toughness of the disk by helping to shape the carbides and control them as discrete particles. Upon cooling, the carbides are preferably distributed evenly throughout the structure.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: A chilled casting is characterized by high corrosion resistance in aggressive media and by a wear resistance that approaches that of commercially available types of chilled casting. The disclosed chilled casting contains 36 to 46% by weight Cr, 5 to 12% weight Ni, 2 to 6% by weight Mo, up to 3% by weight Cu, up to 0.2% by weight N, up to 1.5% by weight Si, up to 1.5% by weight Mn and 1.4 to 1.9% by weight C, the remainder being Fe and impurities due to the production process. The chilled casting further contains 20 to 40% by volume austenite, 20 to 40% by volume ferrite and 20 to 40% by volume carbides having a lattice structure.

Abstract: Austenitic steel intended for use in radiation areas of nuclear reactors is largely resistant to irradiation-induced stress corrosion cracking if its silicon, phosphorus and sulfur contents are reduced in relation to standard commercial steel quantities and its grain structure has finely dispersed carbide precipitation, particularly of niobium carbide. The finely dispersed distribution can be induced in that larger niobium precipitation takes place at annealing temperatures between 1100 and 1150.degree. C., and carbide is precipitated through the corresponding annealing at temperatures of approximately 750.degree. C.

Abstract: Cold tool steel having superior machinability, wear-resistance and minimized heat treatment size-change were obtained by specifying components and contents thereof, especially of C, Cr, Si, V and Mo, not by high-temperature soaking. Further, such prehardened cold tool steals as having excellent machinability even after heat-treatment together with minimum size-change were manufactured by further strictly specifying components, particularly of C, Si, Mn, Mo, V, and by specifying heat-treatment conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cold working tool steel suitable for plastic cold working tools used under severe service conditions, such as forming dies, forming rolls, and form rolling dies, and a process for producing the same. The cold working tool steel has wear resistance and tensile compression fatigue strength and at the same time can provide improved die life. The cold working tool steel is characterized by comprising by weight 0.65 to 1.3% of carbon, not more than 2.0% of silicon, 0.1 to 2.0% of manganese, 5.0 to 11.0% of chromium, 0.7 to 5.0%, in terms of molybdenum equivalent (molybdenum+tungsten/2), of at least one member selected from molybdenum and tungsten, 0.1 to 2.5%, in terms of vanadium equivalent (vanadium+niobium/2), of at least one member selected from vanadium and niobium, and optionally 0.010 to 0.10% of sulfur with the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities, an M.sub.7 C.sub.3 carbide having a grain diameter of 5 to 15 .mu.m being present in a percentage area of 1 to 9%.

Abstract: In order to provide an austenitic single crystal stainless steel having preferable stress corrosion cracking resistance, strength, and irradiation induced embrittlement resistance so as to extend the life of a nuclear reactor core structure, which is used under a high radiation dose environment, a method is employed, which comprises the steps of homogeneously dispersing carbides into a parent phase of the austenitic single crystal stainless steel by a two step solution heat treatment, and subsequently effecting an ageing heat treatment after rapid cooling for precipitating fine carbides. Austenitic single crystal stainless steel having preferable stress corrosion cracking resistance, strength, and irradiation induced embrittlement resistance can be provided, and the life of nuclear reactor core structure, which is used under a high radiation dose environment, can be extended.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing structural materials having a resistance to degradation by neutron irradiation, causing no SCC in an environment of light-water reactors even after subjecting the materials to neutron irradiation of approximately at least 1.times.10.sup.22 n/cm.sup.2 (E>1 MeV), and having thermal expansion coefficients approximately similar to that of structural materials. The high nickel austenitic stainless steels of the present invention having a resistance to degradation by neutron irradiation can be produced by subjecting stainless steels having compositions (by weight %) of 0.005 to 0.08% of carbon, at most 0.3% of Mn, at most 0.2% of (Si+P+S), 25 to 40% of Ni, 25 to 40% of Cr, at most 3% of Mo or at most 5% of (Mo+W), at most 0.3% of Nb+Ta, at most 0.3% of Ti, at most 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe to a solution-annealing treatment at a temperature of 1000 to 1150.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses ferritic heat resisting steels for manufacturing a rotor or a disk of a gas turbine, which have high creep rupture strength at high temperatures and excellent tenacity at room ordinary temperatures. The highly tenacious ferritic heat resisting steels contain, by weight, carbon of 0.08 to 0.25%, silicon of 0.5% or lower, manganese of 1.0% or lower, nickel exceeding 1.0% and lower than 3.0%, chromium of 9.0 to 12.5%, molybdenum exceeding 0.3% and lower than 1.5%, tungsten of 1.0 to 3.0%, vanadium of 0.10 to 0.35%, niobium of 0.02 to 0.10%, nitrogen of 0.01 to 0.80%, boron of 0.001 to 0.01% and cobalt of 1.0 to 5.0%, and a remaining part is mostly iron. Its structure is composed of a tempered martensite matrix.

Abstract: A process for making and using machine parts which in their function are exposed to severe stress from sliding superficial friction and machine parts produced thereby are described. The parts are made from an iron-based alloy which includes the following elements, in weight %: 0.35 to 1.0, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% C; up to 1.0% Si; up to 1.6%, preferably 0.3 to 1.4% Mn; 0.10 to 0.35, preferably 0.12 to 0.29% N; up to 1.0, preferably up to 0.8% Al; up to 2.8% Co; 14.0 to 25.0, preferably 16.0 to 19.0% Cr; 0.5 to 3.0, preferably 0.8 to 1.5% Mo; up to 3.0, preferably up to 1.5% Ni; 0.04 to 0.4, preferably 0.05 to 0.2% V; up to 3.0% W; up to 0.18% Nb; and up to 0.20% Ti. The total concentration of carbon and nitrogen results in a value of at least 0.5% and at most 1.2%, preferably at least 0.61% and at most 0.95%, with the remainder being iron and metallurgically required admixtures for the production of machine parts.

Abstract: Precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels heat treatable to yield strength levels in the range of 200 ksi with exceptionally high fracture toughness are achieved in alloys consisting essentially of 12.25-13.25% chromium, 7.5-8.5% nickel, 2.0-2.5% molybdenum, 0.8-1.35% aluminum, not over 0.05% carbon, not over 0.10% silicon, not over 0.10% manganese, not over 0.010% phosphorus and with especially critical amounts of not over 0.0020% (20 ppm) nitrogen, not over 0.0020% (20 ppm) sulfur, not over 0.0026% (26 ppm) nitrogen plus sulfur; not over 0.04% titanium, and remainder essentially Fe.

Abstract: A machine component which is formed from a high alloy steel has, along a surface where the component is subjected to cyclic loading, a glaze in which the steel has a refined microstructure that resists spalling. Whereas the microstructure of the core underlying the glaze contains carbides of relatively large particle size, the microstructure of the glaze contains carbides of a much smaller particle size. For the most part the microstructure of the glaze comprises martensite and retained austenite in a fine dendritic network. The glaze is acquired by directing a laser beam at the surface, with the beam having sufficient energy and intensity to melt the component where it illuminates the surface, thus creating a puddle. Relative motion between the beam and the component advances the puddle over the surface. The molten metal in the previously illuminated region loses its heat to the underlying core of the component and solidifies, in effect undergoing a self-quench.

Abstract: Stainless steel is improved in anti-microbial property by the addition of Cu in an amount of 0.4-5.0 wt. % and the precipitation of Cu-rich phase at the ratio of 0.2 vol. % or more. The Cu-rich phase is precipitated as minute particles uniformly dispersed in the matrix not only at the surface layer but also at the interior by heat treatment such as annealing or aging at 500.degree.-900.degree.. Since the anti-microbial property is derived from the material itself, the underlying stainless steel does not lose the excellent anti-microbial property even after it is polished or mechanically worked. Due to the anti-microbial property, the stainless steel is useful as material in various fields requiring sanitary environments, for example, kitchen goods, electric home appliances, devices or tools at hospitals, parts or interiors for building and grips or poles for electric trains or buses.

Abstract: A high-Cr martensitic steel pipe having excellent pitting resistance and method for manufacturing the same, which involves forming a pipe of steel including C: about 0.03 wt % or less, Si: about 0.5 wt % or less, Mn: about 0.5-3.0 wt %, Cr: about 10.0-14.0 wt %, Ni: about 0.2-2.0 wt %, Cu: about 0.2-1.0 wt % and N: about 0.03 wt % or less with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and having a value X shown as defined in the following formula (1) of about 12.2 or more. The pipe is quenched after austenitizing it at a temperature substantially equal to an Ac.sub.3 point or higher, and the pipe is tempered in a temperature range from about 550.degree. C. or higher to a temperature lower than an Ac.sub.1 point.

Abstract: To provide a stainless steel for anti-friction bearings, which is obtained by making its eutectic carbide contents finer in particle diameter and suppressing the generation of non-metallic substances to an extremely low level, thus having a homogenious and dense structure and permitting highly accurate machining. The provided stainless steel is composed of 0.60 to 0.75% of carbon, 10.5 to 13.5% of chromium, 1.0% or below of silicon and 0.3 to 0.8% of manganese, % being by weight, the remainder of the composition being iron and inevitably introduced impurities, has a hardness of HRC 58 or above, contains eutectic carbide particles of 10 .mu.m and below in diameter, and has oxygen and titanium concentrations each of 10 ppm or below.

Abstract: A refiner disk or disk segment is cast from a stainless steel alloy having a composition of 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent carbon, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent silicon, a maximum of 0.05 percent sulfur, a maximum of 0.05 percent phosphorus, 14 percent to 18 percent chromium, 2 percent to 5 percent nickel, 2 percent to 5 percent copper, a maximum of 1 percent molybdenum, and 1.5 percent to 2.5 percent niobium, the balance being iron. The Niobium forms discrete carbides at high temperatures during the melting process. Upon cooling, the carbides are distributed evenly throughout the structure. This resultant alloy provides toughness and corrosion resistance like a lower carbon alloy plus increased wear resistance due to the carbide formation. The alloy utilizes chromium to impart corrosion resistance, the process of tying up carbon as discrete, non-chromium carbides increases the amount of chromium present to provide corrosion resistance.

Abstract: In the fabrication of components from a face centered cubic alloy, wherein the alloy is cold worked and annealed, the cold working is carried out in a number of separate steps, each step being followed by an annealing step. The resultant product has a grain size not exceeding 30 microns, a "special" grain boundary fraction not less than 60%, and major crystallographic texture intensities all being less than twice that of random values. The product has a greatly enhanced resistance to intergranular degradation and stress corrosion cracking, and possesses highly isotropic bulk properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resisting steel formed from a heat-resisting steel containing, on a weight percentage basis, 0.08 to 0.25% carbon, up to 0.10% silicon, up to 0.10% manganese, 0.05 to 1.0% nickel, 10.0 to 12.5% chromium, 0.6 to 1.9% molybdenum, 1.0 to 1.95% tungsten, 0.10 to 0.35% vanadium, 0.02 to 0.10% niobium, 0.01 to 0.08% nitrogen, 0.001 to 0.01% boron, and 2.0 to 8.0% cobalt, the balance being substantially iron, and having a structure consisting of a tempered martensite matrix.

Abstract: There are provided high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast steels applicable to steam turbine casings, precision cast vanes and valves. There is disclosed a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant cast steel formed of a heat-resistant cast steel consisting of, based on weight percentage: 0.08 to 0.25% of carbon; more than 0.1 not more than 0.5% of silicon; 1% or less of manganese; 0.05 to 1% of nickel; 9 to 12% of chromium; 0.3 to 1.5% of molybdenum; 1 to 1.95% of tungsten; 0.1 to 0.35% of vanadium; 0.02 to 0.1% of niobium; 0.01 to 0.08% of nitrogen; 0.001 to 0.01% of boron; and 2 to 8% of cobalt; the balance substantially being iron; and having a martensite matrix structure.

Abstract: A rotor for steam turbine rotor made of a heat resistant steel having a composition, which contains 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of C, 8.0 to 13.0% by weight of Cr, 1.0% by weight or less (excluding 0%) of Si, 1.0% by weight or less (excluding 0%) of Mn, 2.0% by weight or less (excluding 0%) of Ni, 0.10 to 0.50% by weight of V, 0.50 to 5.0% by weight of W, 0.025 to 0.10% by weight of N, 1.5% by weight or less excluding 0%) of Mo, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.03 to 0.25% by weight of Nb and 0.03 to 0.50% by weight of Ta, 0 to 3% of Re, 0 to 5.0% by weight of Co, 0 to 0.05% by weight of B and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and having a ferrite/martensite structure.

Abstract: In order to provide an austenitic single crystal stainless steel having preferable stress corrosion cracking resistance, strength, and irradiation induced embrittlement resistance so as to extend the life of a nuclear reactor core structure, which is used under a high radiation dose environment, a method is employed, which comprises the steps of homogeneously dispersing carbides into a parent phase of the austenitic single crystal stainless steel by a two step solution heat treatment, and subsequently effecting an ageing heat treatment after rapid cooling for precipitating fine carbides. Austenitic single crystal stainless steel having preferable stress corrosion cracking resistance, strength, and irradiation induced embrittlement resistance can be provided, and the life of nuclear reactor core structure, which is used under a high radiation dose environment, can be extended.