Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel alloy includes, in weight percent: >4 to 15 Mn; 8 to 15 Ni; 14 to 16 Cr; 2.4 to 3 Al; 0.4 to 1 total of at least one of Nb and Ta; 0.05 to 0.2 C; 0.01 to 0.02 B; no more than 0.3 of combined Ti+V; up to 3 Mo; up to 3 Co; up to 1W; up to 3 Cu; up to 1 Si; up to 0.05 P; up to 1 total of at least one of Y, La, Ce, Hf, and Zr; less than 0.05 N; and base Fe, wherein the weight percent Fe is greater than the weight percent Ni, and wherein the alloy forms an external continuous scale including alumina, nanometer scale sized particles distributed throughout the microstructure, the particles including at least one of NbC and TaC, and a stable essentially single phase FCC austenitic matrix microstructure that is essentially delta-ferrite-free and essentially BCC-phase-free.

Abstract: A high-strength stainless steel, having good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment, is used as a container or other device for high-pressure hydrogen gas, and consists of, by mass %, C: not more than 0.04%, Si: not more than 1.0%, Mn: 7 to 30%, Cr: 15 to 22%, Ni: 5 to 20%, V: 0.001 to 1.0%, N: 0.20 to 0.50% and Al: not more than 0.10%, and the balance Fe and impurities. Among the impurities, P is not more than 0.030%, S is not more than 0.005%, and Ti, Zr and Hf are not more than 0.01% respectively, and the contents of Cr, Mn and N satisfy the relationship, 2.5Cr+3.4Mn?300N. The weld metal of the welded joint of the container or other device made of the said stainless steel satisfies the relationship, ?11?Nieq?1.1×Creq??8.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel displaying high temperature oxidation and creep resistance has a composition that includes in weight percent 15 to 21 Ni, 10 to 15 Cr, 2 to 3.5 Al, 0.1 to 1 Nb, and 0.05 to 0.15 C, and that is free of or has very low levels of N, Ti and V. The alloy forms an external continuous alumina protective scale to provide a high oxidation resistance at temperatures of 700 to 800° C. and forms NbC nanocarbides and a stable essentially single phase fcc austenitic matrix microstructure to give high strength and high creep resistance at these temperatures.

Abstract: By focusing on the non-diffusible hydrogen that causes hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel, the present invention provides an austenitic stainless steel in which the non-diffusible hydrogen is removed by maintaining the austenitic stainless steel in a vacuum of 0.2 Pa or less and heating at a heating temperature of 200° C. to 500° C. for 460 hours or less to remove the hydrogen (H) contained therein to a level of 0.00007 mass % (0.7 mass ppm) or less.

Abstract: An austenitic, substantially ferrite-free steel alloy and a process for producing components therefrom. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A metal gasket formed from a suitable iron-nickel chromium alloy includes at least one embossment that exhibits essentially full functional recovery at temperatures exceeding 1000° F. and including in the range of 1100° F. to 1600° F. or more and which is made from sheet material that is work hardened and strengthened by cold rolling, or a combination of cold rolling and precipitation hardening, without any post embossment heat treating that would act to further harden the material. Suitable iron-nickel-chromium alloys include those comprising, by weight, greater than 18% nickel; greater than 14% chrome and 0.1-10% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ti, V, Al, Co, Nb, Ta and Cu, with the balance being substantially Fe, wherein the gasket sheet alloy has a deformed microstructure.

Abstract: The method of forming hard facing on an engine valve comprising providing an engine valve, providing an austenitic iron-based alloy, the austenitic iron-based alloy including, by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.9% carbon, about 1.5% to about 3.5% boron, about 1% to about 2% silicon, at least 20% chromium, an amount of manganese effective to provide the iron-based alloy with an austenitic structure, and the balance including iron and incidental impurities, and welding the austenitic iron-based alloy to at least a portion of the engine valve.

Abstract: Novel carbon-plus-nitrogen corrosion-resistant ferrous and austenitic alloys, apparatus incorporating an inventive alloy, and methods of making and using the apparatus are described. The corrosion-resistant ferrous and austenitic alloys comprise no greater than about 4 wt. % nickel, are characterized by a strength greater than about 700 MPa (100 ksi), and, when being essentially free of molybdenum (<0.3 wt. %), have minimum Pitting Resistance Equivalence (PRE) numbers of 20 and minimum Measure of Alloying for Corrosion Resistance numbers (MARC) of 30 because of the use of both carbon and nitrogen. The ferrous and austenitic alloys are particularly formulated for use in oilfield operations, especially sour oil and gas wells and reservoirs. This abstract allows a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure. It will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: In a surface layer of an ultra-low carbon stainless steel comprising a seal function layer in the surface layer, an ion such as a nitrogen ion is implanted to form the seal function layer. Since the ultra-low carbon stainless steel comprising the seal function layer is excellent in elasticity, sealing properties, peelability and abrasion resistance, it can make a seal material which has been used unnecessary, and can realize all stainless-made products such as seal and joint system parts.

Abstract: A high-strength stainless steel, having good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment, and excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance, and a container or other device for high-pressure hydrogen gas, which is made of the said stainless steel, are provided. The stainless steel is characterized in that it consists of, by mass %, C: not more than 0.02%, Si: not more than 1.0%, Mn: 3 to 30%, Cr: more than 22% but not more than 30%, Ni: 17 to 30%, V: 0.001 to 1.0%, N: 0.10 to 0.50% and Al: not more than 0.10%, and the balance Fe and impurities. Among the impurities, P is not more than 0.030%, S is not more than 0.005%, and Ti, Zr and Hf are not more than 0.01% respectively, and the contents of Cr, Mn and N satisfy the following relationship [1]: 5Cr+3.4 Mn?500 N??[1].

Abstract: Welded 36% Ni—Fe alloy steel and a method of making such welded steel for use in storage tanks, pipelines, and other equipment associated with cryogenic substances is disclosed. The welded steel has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion in both the weld and base steel.

Abstract: Coating steel strips comprising, in % by weight, C: ?1.6%, Mn: 6-30%, Al: ?10%, Ni: ?10%, Cr: ?10%, Si: ?8%, Cu: ?3%, Nb: ?0.6%, Ti: ?0.3%, V: ?0.3%, P: ?0.1%, B: ?0.01%, the rest being iron and unavoidable impurities, and a method of forming steel strips are described. Up to now, such steel strips were not adequately coatable, with a metal coating ensuring outstanding corrosion-resistance and good welding properties. This is ensured by applying an aluminium layer to the steel strip before final annealing and applying the metal coating to said aluminium layer after final annealing.

Abstract: The use is described, in the fabrication of apparatus and equipment used in refining and in petrochemicals (for example furnace, reactor or line elements), of a steel composition comprising: at most 0.25% C; more than 1% up to 10% Mn; 1.5% to 5% Si; at most 0.03% P; at most 0.03% S; 4% to 10% Cr; 0.5% to 2% Mo; at most 0.40% V; and at most 0.10% N; the complement to 100% being essentially iron. Steels comprising: at most 0.15% C; more than 2% up to 10% Mn; 1.5% to 5% Si; at most 0.03% P; at most 0.03% S; 4% to 10% Cr; more than 0.5% up to 2% Mo; at most 0.40% V; and at most 0.10% N; the complement to 100% being essentially iron; are themselves novel.

Abstract: A heat-resistant cast steel excellent in high-temperature strength, aged ductility and creep rupture strength for use as a material for steam reforming reaction tubes in fuel cell hydrogen generation systems and the like. The cast steel has a chemical composition comprising, in mass %, 0.1 to 0.5% of C, up to 2.5% of Si, up to 2.5% of Mn, 15 to 26% of Cr, 8 to 23% of Ni, 0.1 to 1.2% of Nb, 0.01 to 1.0% of Ti, 0.001 to 0.15% of Ce, up to 0.06% of N and the balance substantially Fe, the cast steel being 20 to 45 in the parameter value P calculated from the expression: P=89.3?78.4C+0.1Si?5.7Mn?1.7Cr +0.01Ni+2Nb+5.3Ti?36.5N?50.8Ce. When desired, the steel contains at least one of 0.001 to 0.05% of B, 0.01 to 0.5% of Zr and 0.001 to 0.15% of La, and/or 0.01 to 0.3% of Al. Further when desired, the C, Cr and Ni contents are limited to 0.1 to 0.3% of C, 15 to 20% of Cr and 8 to 18% of Ni.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel displaying high temperature oxidation and creep resistance has a composition that includes in weight percent 15 to 21 Ni, 10 to 15 Cr, 2 to 3.5 Al, 0.1 to 1 Nb, and 0.05 to 0.15 C, and that is free of or has very low levels of N, Ti and V. The alloy forms an external continuous alumina protective scale to provide a high oxidation resistance at temperatures of 700 to 800° C. and forms NbC nanocarbides and a stable essentially single phase fcc austenitic matrix microstructure to give high strength and high creep resistance at these temperatures.

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel containing C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ni, Cr, Mo, N (nitrogen, O (oxygen), Ca, Mg, Cu, B, and W, and the balance Fe and impurities, where a number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a total content of Ca and Mg of 20 to 40% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 7 ?m, is not more than a 10 per 1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction, or further, the number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a content of S of not less than 15% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 1 ?m, is not more than 10 per 0.1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction. Particularly, the contents of Cu, B and W are desirably 0.2 to 2%, 0.001 to 0.01%, and 0.1 to 4% by mass, respectively.

Abstract: A steel tube excellent in exfoliation resistance of scale on its inner surface is provided. The steel tube includes 9 to 28% by mass of Cr and has a maximum height of profile (Rz) on the inner surface after cold working of 15 ?m or more. Preferably ?Hv of the tube is 100 or more, wherein ?Hv is the difference in Vickers hardness between an inner surface layer and a thickness center part of the tube. The steel may desirably have a microstructure of ASTM austenite grain size No. 7. or more.

Abstract: A martensitic stainless steel having a C content of 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, a Cr content of 9 to 15 mass % and a N content of not more than 0.1 mass %, wherein the maximum length of the carbides in the steel is 10 to 200 nm in the direction of the minor axis, or wherein the ratio of the average Cr concentration [Cr] to the average Fe concentration [Fe] in carbides in the steel ([Cr]/[Fe]) is not more than 0.4, or wherein the content of M23C6 type carbides is not more than 1 volume %, the content of M3C type carbides is 0.01 to 1.5 volume % and the content of MN type or M2N type nitrides is not more than 0.3 volume % is provided. This stainless steel has a high toughness in spite of both a relatively more C content and a high strength, thereby providing a, wide applicability to pipe material for oil wells containing carbon dioxide and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, in particular for oil wells having a much greater depth.

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel for use in urea manufacturing plants, in mass %, consisting of C: 0.03% or less, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 2% or less, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Cr: 26% or more, but less than 28%, Ni: 6-10%, Mo: 0.2-1.7%, W: more than 2%, but no more than 3%, N: more than 0.3%, but no more than 0.4%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, in which the content of Cu as an impurity is not more than 0.3%. The duplex stainless steel may also have Ca, Ce, and B content, and it is desirable that levels of Al and O (oxygen) as an impurities be no more than 0.05% and 0.01% respectively. Further, it is preferable that an increase in the Vickers hardness of the steel should not be more than 80, before and after the solution treated steel is subjected to the heat treatment of 800° C. for 30 minutes and subsequent water cooling. This duplex stainless steel possesses a high corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat resistant cast steel having not only good heat resistance but also good thermal fatigue resistance, which is suitable as the material for engine parts, particularly, such as exhaust gas manifold and turbo-housing, which are repeatedly exposed to such a high temperature as 900° C. or higher. The heat resistant cast steel comprises, by weight percent, C: 0.2-1.0%, Ni: 8.0-45.0%, Cr: 15.0-30.0%, W: up to 10% and Nb: 0.5-3.0%, provided that [%C]-0.13[%Nb]: 0.05-0.95%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and the cast structure contains dispersed therein, by atomic percent, MC-type carbides: 0.5-3.0% and M23C6-type carbides: 0.5-10.0%. The matrix of the steel is an austenitic phase mainly composed of Fe—Ni—Cr and the steel has the mean coefficient of thermal expansion in the range from room temperature to 1050° C. up to 20.0×10?4 and a tensile strength in the temperature range up to 1050° C. 50 MPa or higher.

Abstract: An austenitic iron-based alloy includes, by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.9% carbon, about 1.5% to about 3.5% boron, about 1% to about 2% silicon, at least about 20% chromium, an amount of manganese effective to provide the iron-based alloy with an austenitic structure, and the balance including iron and incidental impurities.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel composition is provided that is resistant to embrittlement due to hydrogen and/or low temperature. The steel composition comprises chromium (Cr) at greater than or equal to about 17% by weight; nickel (Ni) at less than or equal to about 13% by weight; nitrogen (N) at greater than 0.16% by weight. The steel is substantially free of molybdenum (Mo). In various embodiments, the steel is used to form a surface of a hydrogen storage vessel that contacts hydrogen and is resistant to hydrogen and low temperature (less than or equal to about ?100° C.) embrittlement. Methods of storing hydrogen in vessels made of the hydrogen embrittlement resistant austenitic steel composition are also provided.

Abstract: A wrought stainless steel alloy composition includes 12% to 25% Cr, 8% to 25% Ni, 0.05% to 1% Nb, 0.05% to 10% Mn, 0.02% to 0.15% C, 0.02% to 0.5% N, with the balance iron, the composition having the capability of developing an engineered microstructure at a temperature above 550° C. The engineered microstructure includes an austenite matrix having therein a dispersion of intragranular NbC precipitates in a concentration in the range of 1010 to 1017 precipitates per cm3.

Abstract: A cast stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % manganese, 0.02 wt. % to 0.50 wt. % N, and less than 0.15 wt. % sulfur provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. Alloys of the present invention also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon. Such solution strengthening enhances the high temperature precipitation-strengthening benefits of fine dispersions of NbC.

Abstract: A thermal cracking process using tubes, pipes, and coils made of. An outermost surface covering not less than 55% of stainless steel, said surface having a thickness from 0.1 to 15 microns and being a spinel of the formula MnxCr3-xO4 wherein x is from 0.5 to 2 is not prone to coking and is suitable for hydrocarbyl reactions such as furnace tubes for cracking.

Abstract: A CF8C type stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 18.0 weight percent to about 22.0 weight percent chromium and 11.0 weight percent to about 14.0 weight percent nickel; from about 0.05 weight percent to about 0.15 weight percent carbon; from about 2.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent manganese; and from about 0.3 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent niobium. The present alloys further include less than 0.15 weight percent sulfur which provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. The disclosed alloys also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel with minimized deformation by heating and cooling treatment after cold working, which consists of, % by mass, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 2 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 2%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Ni: 9 to 15%, Cr: 15 to 20%, N: 0.02 to 0.2%, Nb: 0.03% or less, each of Mo and Cu or a total of Mo and Cu: 0.2 to 4%, and the balance Fe and impurities, and satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2). This steel can also have good weldability when the following formula (3) is also satisfied in addition to the formulas (1) and (2); 16.9+6.9Ni+12.5Cu?1.3Cr+3.2Mn+9.3Mo?205C?38.5N?6.5Si?120Nb?40??(1) 450?440(C+N)?12.2Si?9.5Mn?13.5Cr?20(Cu+Ni)?18.5Mo??90??(2) 8.2+30(C+N)+0.5Mn+Ni?1.1(1.5Si+Cr+Mo)+2.5Nb??0.8??(3) wherein each element symbol in the formulas (1), (2) and (3) represents the content, % by mass, of each element included in the steel.

Abstract: A super-austenitic stainless steel alloy with a composition, balanced in such a way that products made from the alloy fulfill high requirements on a combination of high corrosion resistance, especially in inorganic and organic acids and mixtures thereof, good general corrosion resistance, good structure stability as well as improved mechanical properties in combination with good workability, in particular in tubes, especially seamless tubes and seam welded tubes for application in these environments and with following composition, in weight-percent: Cr 23.0–30.0 Ni 25.0–35.0 Mo ?2.0–6.0 Mn ?1.0–6.0 N ??0–0.4 C up to 0.05 Si up to 1.0 S up to 0.02 Cu up to 3.0 W ??0–6.0 up to 2.0 of one or more element of the group Mg, Ce, Ca, B, La, Pr, Zr, Ti, Nd, and the balance being Fe and normally occurring impurities and steel making additions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an austenitic stainless steel tube with a uniform fine grained structure of regular grains, which is not changed to a coarse structure and the steam oxidation resistance is maintained even if the tube is subjected to a high temperature reheating during welding and high temperature bending working. The austenitic stainless steel tube consists of, by mass %, C: 0.03–0.12%, Si: 0.1–0.9%, Mn: 0.1–2%, Cr: 15–22%, Ni: 8–15%, Ti: 0.002–0.05%, Nb: 0.3–1.5%, sol. Al: 0.0005–0.03%, N: 0.005–0.2% and O (oxygen): 0.001–0.008%, and the balance Fe and impurities, the austenitic stainless steel tube having austenitic grain size number of 7 or more and a mixed grain ratio of preferably 10% or less.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel comprising (C+½N) up to 0.060 mass %, Si up to 1.0 mass %, Mn up to 5 mass %, S up to 0.003 mass %, S/Mn ratio up to 0.003, 15–20 mass % Cr, 5–12 mass % Ni, Cu up to 5 mass %, 0–3.0 mass % Mo and the balance being Fe except inevitable impurities under the condition that a value Md30 (representing a ratio of a strain-induced martensite) defined by the under-mentioned formula is controlled within a range of ?60 to ?10. Hardness increase of the steel sheet after being cold-rolled is preferably 20% or more as Vickers hardness. A metallurgical structure of the steel sheet is preferably adjusted to grain size number of #8 to #11 in a finish annealed state. The steel sheet is blanked with high dimensional accuracy, and a die life is also prolonged. Md30=551?462(C+N)?9.2Si?29(Ni+Cu)?8.1Mn?13.7Cr?18.5Mo.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing free-cutting steel for machine structural use, containing, in weight percent, 0.10 to 0.55% of C, 0.05 to 1.00% of Si, 0.30 to 2.50% of Mn, not more than 0.15% of P, 0.050 to 0.350% of S, more than 0.010% but not more than 0.020% of Al, 0.015 to 0.200% of Nb, 0.0015 to 0.0150% of O, and not more than 0.02% of N, and further containing, in weight percent, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.03 to 0.50% of V, 0.02 to 0.20% of Ti and 0.01 to 0.20% of Zr, wherein the ratio S/O of the S content to the O content is 15 to 120, and at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride and a carbonitride of Nb(see FIG. 1) acts as nuclei for precipitation of MnS type inclusions.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel excellect in high temperature strength and creep rupture ducitility which comprises, on the percent by mass basis, C: 0.03-0.12%, Si: 0.2-2%, Mn: 0.1-3%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Ni: more than 18% and less than 25%, Cr: more than 22% and less than 30%, Co: 0.04-0.8%, Ti: 0.002% or more and less than 0.01%, Nb: 0.1-1%, V: 0.01-1%, B: more than 0.0005% and 0.2% or less, sol. Al: 0.0005% or more and less than 0.03%, N: 0.1-0.35% and O (Oxygen): 0.001-0.008%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. The austenitic stainless steel may contain a specified amount of one or more element(s) of Mo and W, and/or a specified amount of one or more element(s) of Mg, Zr, Ca, REM, Pd and Hf.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel suited for ultra supercritical boilers, which consists of C: 0.03-0.12%, Si: 0.1-1%, Mn: 0.1-2%, Cr: not less than 20% but less than 28%, Ni: more than 35% but not more than 50%, W: 4-10%, Ti: 0.01-0.3%, Nb: 0.01-1%, sol. Al: 0.0005-0.04%, B: 0.0005-0.01%, and the balance Fe and impurities; and also characterized by the impurities whose contents are restricted to P: not more than 0.04%, S: not more than 0.010%, Mo: less than 0.5%, N: less than 0.02%, and O (oxygen): not more than 0.005%. Heat resistant pressurized parts excellent in thermal fatigue properties and structural stability at high temperatures, which have a coarse grain whose grain size number is 6 or less, and whose mixed grain ratio is 10% or less.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel excellent in high temperature strength, high temperature ductility and hot workability, consisting of, by mass %, C: more than 0.05% to 0.15%, Si: 2% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 3%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: more than 20% to less than 28%, Ni: more than 15% to 55%, Cu: more than 2% to 6%, Nb: 0.1 to 0.8%, V: 0.02 to 1.5%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 0.1%, but sol.Al?0.4×N, N: more than 0.05% to 0.3% and O (Oxygen): 0.006% or less, but O?1/(60×Cu), and the balance Fe and impurities. The austenitic stainless steel may contain at least one of Co, Mo, W, Ti, B, Zr, Hf, Ta, Re, Ir, Pd, Pt and Ag, and/or at least one of Mg, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Nd and Sc.

Abstract: An austenitic alloy having improved ductility/processability and improved pitting and crevice corrosion resistance comprising, in % by weight, about: 25-30% Ni; 19-23% Cr; 6-8% Mo; 0.3-0.5% N; 0.5% Mn; 0-1.5% Cu; 0-0.2% C; 0-1% Al; 0-0.01% S; 0-1% Ti; 0-1% Si; up to trace amounts of Mg, Ca, and Ce; and balance Fe plus incidental impurities.

Abstract: Austenitic alloy for high-temperature strength with improved pourability and manufacturing, of which the composition comprises, in weight-%: 0.010%<carbon<0.04% 0%<nitrogen<0.01% silicon<2% 16%<nickel<19.9% manganese<8% 18.1%<chromium<21% 1.8%<titanium<3% molybdenum<3% copper<3% aluminum<1.5% boron<0.01% vanadium<2% sulfur<0.2% phosphorous<0.04% and possibly up to 0.5% of at least one element chosen from among yttrium, cerium, lanthanum and other rare earths, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from manufacturing or deoxidizing, the said composition also satisfying the two following relationships: in relationship to the solidification mode: remainder a=eq. Nia?0.5×eq. Cra<3.60 where eq. Cra=Cr+0.7×Si+0.2×Mn+1.37×Mo+3×Ti+6×Al+4×V, and where eq. Nia=Ni+22×C+0.5×Cu, in relationship to the rate of residual ferrite: remainder b=eq. Nib?2×eq. Crb>?41 where eq. Crb=Cr+0.7×Si+1.37×Mo+3×Ti+6×Al+4×V, and where eq. Nib=Ni+22×C+0.5×Cu+0.

Abstract: The invention relates to semifinished and finished products made from special corrosion-resistant precipitation-hardened austenitic steel containing a large amount of intersticially dissolved nitrogen, comprising substantially smooth surfaces. The invention also relates to a method for producing corresponding semifinished and finished items. The aim of the invention is to produce semifinished and finished item and to provide an economical method for the production thereof, combining both solidity and resistance to corrosion. This is achieved by precipitation-hardening areas of the steel material.

Abstract: The Fe—Ni—Cr based alloy strip having improved press-formability is provided. The alloy strip essentially consists of from 15 to 20% of Cr, from 9 to 15% of Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, has 0.03% or less of cleanliness as stipulated under JIS G 0555, has final annealed temper and a preferred orientation texture in terms of 50% or less of degree of preferred orientation of the (111) plane in a central portion between the sheet surfaces which is expressed by the following formula: &agr;c(111)=[Ic(111)/{Ic(111)+Ic(200)+Ic(220)+Ic(311)}]×100(%), with the proviso Ic(hkl) is the integral X-ray diffraction intensity of the (hkl) plane.

Abstract: A wrought stainless steel alloy composition includes 12% to 25% Cr, 8% to 25% Ni, 0.05% to 1% Nb, 0.05% to 10% Mn, 0.02% to 0.15% C, 0.02% to 0.5% N, with the balance iron, the composition having the capability of developing an engineered microstructure at a temperature above 550° C. The engineered microstructure includes an austenite matrix having therein a dispersion of intragranular NbC precipitates in a concentration in the range of 1010 to 1017 precipitates per cm3.

Abstract: A new austenitic stainless steel containing approximately 0.1-1.0 mass % of Si and not more than approximately 0.003 mass % of Al. Nonmetallic inclusions dispersed in a steel matrix are converted to MnO—SiO2—Al2O3 containing not less than approximately 15 mass % of SiO2 and not more than approximately 40 mass % of Al2O3. During steel making, molten steel is covered with basic slag and heavily deoxidized with a Si alloy whose Al content is controlled to not more than approximately 1.0 mass % in a vacuum or non-oxidizing atmosphere. The austenitic stainless steel sheet can be formed to an objective shape without the occurrence of cracking due to its decrease in susceptibility to cracking and its good formability.

Abstract: A weight member for a golf club head is made of a WFeNi alloy by a precision casting process. The WFeNi alloy includes wt 15%-40% of iron, wt 30%-60% of nickel, wt 15%-30% of tungsten, wt 1.5%-10.0% of chromium, and wt 0.5%-5.0% of molybdenum. Chromium improves the rust-resisting property of the weight member. Molybdenum reduces the risk of cracks in the weight member during welding. Uniformity of shining finishing of the weight member can be improved by controlling a mixture ratio of nickel to tungsten. Manganese, copper, vanadium, and niobium may be added to improve the mechanical properties of the weight member.

Abstract: A method for forming dendritic metal powders, comprising the steps of: (1) heating a powder comprising non-dendritic particles, under conditions suitable for initial stage sintering, to form a lightly sintered material; and (2) breaking the lightly sintered material to form a powder comprising dendritic particles. In one embodiment, the lightly sintered material is broken by brushing the material through a screen. Another aspect of the present invention comprises the dendritic particles that are produced by the method described above. These particles can comprise any suitable metal, such as transition metals, rare earth metals, main group metals or metalloids or an alloy of two or more such metals. The particles can also comprise a ceramic material, such as a metal oxide. These particles are characterized by a dendritic, highly anisotropic, morphology arising from the fusion of substantially non-dendritic particles, and by a low apparent density relative to the substantially non-dendritic starting material.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant, high strength austenitic stainless steel consisting of 1.0% or less of Si, 2.0% or less of Mn, 0.5% or less of O, 7 to 30% of Ni, 14 to 26% of Cr, 0.3% or less of combination of C and N, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1.0% or less of Ti, 2.0% or less of Zr and 2.0% or less of Nb, and the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the percentage being given in weight basis; said steel containing carbonitride with a grain size of several to 100 nm dispersed therein; said steel having an average crystal grain size of 1 &mgr;m or less; and said steel containing 90% by volume or more of austenite phase; is excellent in strength and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A high-strength austenitic stainless steel strip exhibiting excellent flatness with Vickers hardness of 400 or more has the composition comprising: C up to 0.20 mass %, Si up to 4.0 mass %, Mn up to 5.0 mass %, 4.0-12.0 mass % Ni, 12.0-20.0 mass % Cr, Mo up to 5.0 mass %, N up to 0.15 mass % and the balance being Fe except inevitable impurities having a value Md(N) in a range of 0-125 defined by the formula Md(N)=580-520C-2Si-16Mn-16Cr-23Ni-26Cu-300N-10Mo. The material has a dual-phase structure of austenite and martensite involving a reverse-transformed austenite at a ratio of 3 vol. % or more. The material is manufactured by solution-heating a steel strip having the above composition, cold-rolling the steel strip to generate a deformation-induced martensite, and then re-heating at 500-700° C. to induce a phase reversion from martensite to at least 3 vol. % austenite. The reversion effectively flattens the steel strip.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a corrosion and erosion resistant High Chromium, Nitrogen bearing alloy, comprising the following composition in wt. %: 28-48 chromium, 0.01-0.7 nitrogen, 0.5-30 manganese, 0.01-5 boron, 0.3-2.5 carbon, up to 0.01-25 cobalt plus nickel, up to 0.01-5 silicon, up to 0.01-8 copper, up to 0.01-6 molybdenum, up to 2% of each one selected from group consisting of zirconium, vanadium, cerium, titanium, tungsten, niobium, aluminum, calcium, and rare earth elements with the balance being essentially iron and other trace elements or inevitable impurities. The alloy has a microstructure comprising hypoeutectic, eutectic, chromium carbides, boride and nitrides in the austenitic matrix, saturated with nitrogen with virtually no secondary carbides and nitrides.

Abstract: A weight member for a golf club head is made of a WFeNi alloy by a precision casting process. The WFeNi alloy includes nickel 30-60 wt %, tungsten 15-30 wt %, chromium 1.5-10.0 wt %, and iron that is the remaining portion. Chromium improves the rust resisting property of the weight member and lengthens the life of the weight member. Uniformity of shining finishing of the weight member can be improved by controlling a mixture ratio of nickel to tungsten. Silicon may be added to improve the flowability of the molten metal. Manganese, copper, vanadium, and niobium may be added to improve the mechanical properties of the weight member.

Abstract: An electric resistance material comprises an Fe—Cr—Ni alloy having composition of C up to 0.1%, Si up to 5%, Mn up to 6%, 9-32% Cr, 6-25% Ni, N up to 0.2%, 0-3% Mo, 0-4% Cu, 0-5% Al, 0-0.4% Ti, 0-0.4% Nb, 0-0.005% B and the balance being substantially Fe with the previsions that the value A defined by the formula (1) and the value B defined by the formula (2) are not less than 78 and not less than 14, respectively. The electric resistance material is high of resistivity with less temperature dependency, and a resistor made therefrom works well without noises during flow of electricity. A = 0.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel includes (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C, (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si, (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn, (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr, (e) 1.0 wt % to 5.0 wt % of Ni, (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.25 wt % of N, (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu, (h) trace amount of Mo, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The austenitic stainless steel has a &dgr;-ferrite content less than 8.5 and equal to 6.77[(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75.

Abstract: A new soft stainless steel sheet has an austenite-stability index Md30 controlled in a range of −120 to −10 and a stacking fault formability index SFI controlled not less than 30, and involves precipitates whose Cu concentration is controlled not more than 1.0%, so as to maintain concentration of dissolved Cu at 1-5%. The stainless steel sheet preferably contains up to 0.06%(C+N), up to 2.0% Si, up to 5% Mn, 15-20% Cr, 5-9% Ni, 1.0-4.0% Cu, up to 0.003% Al, up to 0.005% S, and optionally one or more of up to 0.5% Ti, up to 0.5% Nb, up to 0.5% Zr, up to 0.5% V, up to 3.0% Mo, up to 0.03% B, up to 0.02% REM (rare earth metals) and up to 0.03% Ca. The stainless steel sheet can be plastically deformed to an objective shape without any cracks even at a part heavily-worked part by multi-stage deep drawing or compression deforming. Md30(° C.)=551−462(C+N)−9.2Si−8.1Mn−29(Ni+Cu)−13.7Cr−18.5Mo SFI(mJ/m2)=2.2Ni+6Cu−1.

Abstract: A cast stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % manganese, 0.02 wt. % to 0.50 wt. % N, and less than 0.15 wt. % sulfur provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. Alloys of the present invention also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon. Such solution strengthening enhances the high temperature precipitation-strengthening benefits of fine dispersions of NbC.