Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet having less planar anisotropy and excellent anti-ridging characteristics is disclosed. The sheet includes not more than about 0.02 wt % of C, about 0.01-1.0 wt % of Si, about 0.01-1.0 wt % of Mn, not more than about 0.08 wt % of P, not more than about 0.01 wt % of S, about 0.005-0.30 wt % of Al, about 11-50 wt % of Cr, about 0.1-5.0 wt % of Mo, not more than about 0.03 wt % N, with the contents of C and N satisfying the relations: about 0.005 wt %.ltoreq.(C+N)<about 0.03 wt %, and (C/N)<about 0.6. The sheet also includes Ti in an amount to satisfy the relation: about 5.ltoreq.Ti/(C+N).ltoreq.about 30. The balance of the sheet includes Fe and incidental impurities, with the sheet having an X-ray integral intensity ratio (222)/(310) of not less than about 35 in a plane parallel to a sheet surface at a depth of 1/4 of the sheet thickness from the sheet surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a dual phase ferrite-martensite steel product from a cold rolled stainless steel. The method includes a step of rapidly heating the steel to annealing temperature in less than 30 seconds, followed by a step of cooling the heated steel at a cooling rate sufficient to transform austenite to martensite.

Abstract: A refiner disk or disk segment is cast from a stainless steel alloy having a composition of 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent carbon, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent silicon, a maximum of 0.05 percent sulfur, a maximum of 0.05 percent phosphorus, 14 percent to 18 percent chromium, 2 percent to 5 percent nickel, 2 percent to 5 percent copper, a maximum of 1 percent molybdenum, and 1.5 percent to 2.5 percent niobium, the balance being iron. The Niobium forms discrete carbides at high temperatures during the melting process. Upon cooling, the carbides are distributed evenly throughout the structure. This resultant alloy provides toughness and corrosion resistance like a lower carbon alloy plus increased wear resistance due to the carbide formation. The alloy utilizes chromium to impart corrosion resistance, the process of tying up carbon as discrete, non-chromium carbides increases the amount of chromium present to provide corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for heat-treating steel, primarily strip-like or rod-like steel material, such as steel strip, steel sheet, steel rod or steel wire which have been rolled and heated in an oven or furnace to a surface temperature above about 900 degrees C. and thereafter cooled and optionally treated in an electrolyte bath and/or acid bath. The oven burners are fired with a liquid or a gaseous fuel which is burned with the aid of a gas that contains at least 85 percent by volume oxygen and at most 10 percent by volume nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a ferritic stainless steel having an improved corrosion resistance, and especially resistance to intergranular corrosion and to pitting corrosion. The steel is subjected, in a first phase, to cooling at a rate of between 400.degree. C. and 600.degree. C./hour down to a temperature of 900.degree. C. and then, in a second phase, to rapid cooling at a rate of between 1200.degree. C. and 1400.degree. C./h.

Abstract: A method of preventing corrosion damage at weld joints, in the heat affected zones of weld joints, and in heat-treated zones of components made of stainless steels having chromium contents .gtoreq.12% by weight, which comprises exposing weld joints and the heat affected zones of the weld joints, or the heat-treated zones, to a water vapor atmosphere at temperatures of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. for five to sixty minutes.

Abstract: Low temperature water in a low temperature water tank 12 installed outside a reactor pressure vessel 9 is pumped by a high pressure pump 15 and supplied through a conductor 17 under pressure. The supplied water is ejected, as a stream of cold water jet 8, from a nozzle 14 connected to the conductor 17 and introduced into the reactor pressure vessel 9 by a driving mechanism. The stream of cold water jet 8 ejected from the nozzle 14 is directed to impinge against a predetermined position of a core shroud 13 in reactor water 11 filled in the reactor pressure vessel 9 and being at temperature higher than the low temperature water. Then, while continuing to eject the cold water jet 8 from the nozzle 14, the nozzle 14 is moved away from the predetermined position, or the ejection of the cold water jet 8 from the nozzle 14 is stopped, allowing the predetermined position to be heated again with the temperature of the reactor water 11.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for producing stainless steel, comprising methods for creating a ferroalloy, such as ferrochromium, and for further processing the alloy in order to produce a desired stainless steel. According to the invention, the melt obtained from the ferro alloy production unit (1) is transferred at least partly to a ferroalloy processing unit (2) arranged in between the ferroalloy production unit (1) and the stainless steel production unit (5); in the said processing unit (2), the composition of the ferroalloy is adjusted to be suitable for the production of stainless steel.

Abstract: A high strength, high toughness stainless steel consisting, by weight, of C more than 0.16% but less than 0.25%, Si not more than 2.0%, Mn not more than 1.0%, Ni not more than 2.0%, Cr from 11 to 15%, Mo not less than 0.5% but less than 3.0%, Co from 12 to 21%, at least one kind selected from the group consisting of V from 0.1 to 0.5% and Nb less than 0.1% which at least one kind is added as occasion demands, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities. This steel is produced by a method comprising the steps of: preparing a stainless steel having the composition of any one of the claims 1 to 4; subjecting the stainless steel to a solution heat treatment at a temperature of 950 to 1150.degree. C.; quenching the steel; subjecting the steel to a sub zero treatment at a temperature of -50.degree. to -100.degree. C.; and subjecting the steel to a tempering at a temperature of 120.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A high strength, high toughness stainless steel consisting, by weight, of C more than 0.16% but less than 0.25%, Si not more than 2.0%, Mn not more than 1.0%, Ni not more than 2.0%, Cr from 11 to 15%, Mo not less than 0.5% but less than 3.0%, Co from 12 to 21%, at least one kind selected from the group consisting of V from 0.1 to 0.5% and Nb less than 0.1% which at least one kind is added as occasion demands, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities. This steel is produced by a method comprising the steps of: preparing a stainless steel having the composition of any one of the claims 1 to 4; subjecting the stainless steel to a solution heat treatment at a temperature of 950.degree. to 1150.degree. C.; quenching the steel; subjecting the steel to a sub zero treatment at a temperature of -50 to -100.degree. C.; and subjecting the steel to a tempering at a temperature of 120.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant ferrochromium alloy comprising the following composition, in wt. %, 34-50 chromium, 1.5-2.5 carbon, up to 5 manganese, up to 5 silicon, up to 5 molybdenum, up to 10 nickel, up to 5 copper, up to 1% of each of one or more micro-alloying elements selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium, boron, vanadium and tungsten, and balance, iron and incidental impurities.The alloy has a microstructure comprising eutectic chromium carbides in a matrix comprising one or more of ferrite, retained austenite and martensite, as herein defined. Optionally, the microstructure further comprises one of primary chromium carbides, primary ferrite or primary austenite in the matrix.

Abstract: Ferritic heat-resisting cast steel, which intends to highten the applicability for use of the exhaust manifold of a vehicle engine without losing oxidation resistance, machinability and structural stability, containing, on a weight basis, 0.05 to 0.5% C, 1.0 to 2.0% Si, less than 0.6% Mn, less than 0.04% P, less than 0.04% S, less than 0.5% Ni, 10 to 20% Cr, 0.1 to 1.0% V, 0.5 to 1.0% Nb, 0.08 to 0.50% Mo, less than 0.01% W and 0.01 to 0.2% Ce, the balance of its composition being iron. Alternatively, it may contain 0.1 to 1.5% Mn and 0.01 to 0.2% S, and may further contain 0.01 to 0.2% Te and/or 0.01 to 0.3% Al. Further, it may contain 0.1 to 5.0% Co and/or 0.1 to 5.0% Ti. The cast steel is annealed at a temperature of 850.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C. for one to five hours.

Abstract: A process for the production of a stainless steel strip having excellent spring characteristics as such and good formability, wherein a cold rolled strip of a stainless steel comprising, in addition to Fe, from 10.0 to 20.0% by weight of Cr, from 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of C, and at least one of Ni, Mn and Cu in an amount of from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, is continuously passed through a continuous heat treatment furnace where it is heated to a temperature range for a two-phase of ferrite and austenite, rapidly cooled to provide a strip of a duplex structure, consisting essentially of ferrite and martensite, optionally temper rolled at a rolling reduction of not more than 10%, and continuously passed through a continuous heat treatment furnace to effect aging of not longer than 10 minutes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of floatingly supporting a metallic strip in a direct firing type continuous heat treating furnace accommodating a plurality of floater nozzles. In this method, furnace gas is initially supplied to and pressurized by a plurality of multistage booster fans. The temperature of the furnace gas to be supplied to the booster fans is less than a critical temperature of the fans. When the temperature of the furnace gas is less than the temperature of the material of the strip, the temperature of the furnace gas is raised to a temperature near the material temperature in combustion chambers provided with respective direct firing type burners. The furnace gas is then supplied to the floater nozzles, the internal pressure of which is controlled prior to being jetted.