Ammonium Nitrate Patents (Class 149/46)
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Patent number: 5366571Abstract: An improved emulsion explosive composition including hollow microspheres/bulking agents having high density and high strength. The hollow microspheres/bulking agents have true particle densities of about 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter or greater and include glass, siliceous, ceramic and synthetic resin microspheres, expanded minerals, and mixtures thereof. The preferred weight percentage of hollow microspheres/bulking agents in the composition ranges from 3.0 to 10.0 A chlorinated paraffin oil, also present in the improved emulsion explosive composition, imparts a higher film strength to the oil phase in the emulsion. The emulsion is rendered nonincendive by the production of sodium chloride in situ via the decomposition of sodium nitrate, a chlorinated paraffin oil, and sodium perchlorate. The air-gap sensitivity is improved by the in situ formation of monomethylamine perchlorate from dissolved monomethylamine nitrate and sodium perchlorate.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1993Date of Patent: November 22, 1994Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the InteriorInventors: Thomas C. Ruhe, Pilaka P. Rao
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Patent number: 5354520Abstract: Explosive grade ammonium nitrate (EGAN) prills are made by a process comprising the steps of:a. continuously spraying a 95 to 98% by weight solution/melt of ammonium nitrate (or a mixture of ammonium nitrate and minor proportions of one or more other EGAN--acceptable nitrates) in/with water under spray-head conditions causing the emergent jets to break into cascades of substantially mono-sized droplets;b. allowing the formed droplets to fall within a vertical duct;c. continuously feeding a stream of cooling gas upwards through the duct to effect cooling and solidification of the falling droplets and some removal of moisture so as to form substantially mono-sized EGAN prills of up to about 4 mm diameter, andd.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1993Date of Patent: October 11, 1994Assignees: ICI Chemical Industries PLC, ICI Canada Inc.Inventors: Raymond Oliver, Ronald O. Peddie
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Patent number: 5322576Abstract: A method of increasing the viscosity, and the resistance to high shear induced crystallization, of a pumpable, shear thickened emulsion explosive, is provided wherein the explosive has been prepared by emulsifying an oxidizer salt phase into a fuel phase, and at least a portion of said fuel phase has been replaced with a vegetable oil. The explosives are particularly suitable for use in up-hole blasting operations because of their high viscosity and resistance to shear induced crystallization of the oxidizer salt.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1992Date of Patent: June 21, 1994Assignee: ICI Canada Inc.Inventors: Clare T. Aitken, Melvin A. McNicol, Robert Lebrun
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Patent number: 5320043Abstract: The invention relates to a low-vulnerability explosive munitions element comprising a casing containing a multicomposition explosive charge, the innermost layer of which is a composite explosive comprising a filled polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix, the filling of which contains more than 20% by weight of organic nitrate explosive, and the peripheral layer of which is a pyrotechnic composition of the family of composite solid propellants comprising a filled polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix the filling of which contains at least one mineral oxidant and less than 17% by weight of organic nitrate explosive. The blast and/or bubble effect produced is close to that produced by the much more-vulnerable charge of monocomposition composite explosive of equivalent mass. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining a blast and/or bubble effect by releasing in the casing of an aforementioned munitions element according to the invention, and then rupture of the casing.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1993Date of Patent: June 14, 1994Assignee: SNPE Inc.Inventors: Michel Andre, Jean-Pierre Mazer, Bruno Nouguez
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Patent number: 5292387Abstract: Ammonium nitrate is phase-stabilized against Phase IV.rarw..fwdarw.Phase III transition and the undesired volume changes associated with that phase change by including an effective amount of at least one metal dinitramide salt having the formula MX.sub.n wherein M is a metal cation, X is a dinitramide anion, and n is 1, 2 or 3. The phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate is useful in energetic applications such as solid propellants and explosives.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 1993Date of Patent: March 8, 1994Assignee: Thiokol CorporationInventors: Thomas K. Highsmith, Carol J. Hinshaw, Robert B. Wardle
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Patent number: 5271779Abstract: A blasting composition of reduced volume strength relative to straight ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) compositions, containing particulate oxidizer salt, particulate inert and/or density reducing filler and optionally a fuel for modifying the oxygen balance. The composition contains a viscous water-in-oil type emulsion, having a continuous fuel phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase of oxidizing salts, in an amount sufficient for improving adherence between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler, but insufficient for filling out the interstices between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler.Type: GrantFiled: November 27, 1991Date of Patent: December 21, 1993Assignee: Nitro Nobel ABInventor: Bjorn Engsbraten
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Patent number: 5240524Abstract: High density ammonium nitrate particles, e.g. prills are treated to reduce the density thereof by contact with a liquid medium which penetrates into the particles via pre-existing pathways, dissolves ammonium nitrate at the surfaces of the pathways and produces a gassing reaction by virtue of the presence of a chemical gassing agent or by a reaction with the ammonium nitrate whereby a portion of the ammonium nitrate particle is depleted by dissolution or gas losses during reaction, the gassing action facilitating venting of liquid from the particles and drying thereof to yield a particle of higher porosity.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1992Date of Patent: August 31, 1993Assignee: ICI Canada Inc.Inventor: Arun Chattopadhyay
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Patent number: 5226986Abstract: Process for the formulation of a multi-component explosive composition from non-detonable components comprising a defined body of unconsolidated particulate aluminum fuel granules and an oxidizing liquid. Specific particulate aluminum fuel has an average particle size within the range of about 1/64-1/4 inch and is packed within a container or other confining structure to provide an average bulk density within the range of 0.2-1.0 gm/cc. The aluminum fuel particles are generally wadded-up aluminum foil granules. The oxidizing liquid added to the body of aluminum fuel fills the void space between granules of aluminum entrapping some voids within the granules to provide an average bulk density of the mixture of oxidizing liquid and particulate aluminum within the of 1.2-1.7 gm/cc, creating an explosive, formulation which is detonable in a diameter of 4 inches at 20.degree. C. by a one pound pentolite booster and normally by a 1/2 pound pentolite booster.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1991Date of Patent: July 13, 1993Inventors: Gary L. Hansen, Richard E. Trapp, Robert B. Clay
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Patent number: 5223057Abstract: A liquid monopropellant composition comprising the water solution of an hydroxylammonium nitrate and a compatible water soluble or water dispersible fuel.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1969Date of Patent: June 29, 1993Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Kurt F. Mueller, Manfred J. Cziesla
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Patent number: 5189247Abstract: The invention relates to a low-vulnerability explosive munitions element comprising a casing containing a multicomposition explosive charge, the innermost layer of which is a composite explosive comprising a filled polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix, the filling of which contains more than 40% by weight of organic nitrate explosive, and the peripheral layer of which is a pyrotechnic composition of the family of composite solid propellants comprising a filled polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix the filling of which contains at least one mineral oxidant and less than 10% by weight of organic nitrate explosive. The blast and/or bubble effect produced is close to that produced by the much more-vulnerable charge of monocomposition composite explosive of equivalent mass. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining a blast and/or bubble effect by releasing in the casing of an aforementioned munitions element according to the invention, and then rupture of the casing.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1991Date of Patent: February 23, 1993Assignee: SNPE Inc.Inventors: Michel Andre, Jean-Pierre Mazer, Bruno Nouguez
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Patent number: 5160387Abstract: An emulsion explosive comprising a discontinuous oxygen-releasing salt phase, a continuous fuel phase and an emulsifier blend, said emulsifier blend comprising a first emulsifier component consisting of at least one emulsifier comprising a lipophilic moiety, being a polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 olefin, and a hydrophilic moiety, being derived from an amine wherein the HLB of the first emulsifier component, as herein defined, is in the range of from 1.0 to 1.3 and a second emulsifier component and wherein the HLB of the emulsifier blend, as herein defined is in the range of from 1.4 to 3.0. Compositions of the present invention combine not only ease of formation and long term stability but also provide significant advantages in the refinement of emulsions and exhibit improved tolerance to shear allowing repumping and greater ease of handling.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1990Date of Patent: November 3, 1992Assignee: ICI Australia Operations Proprietary LimitedInventor: Vladimir Sujansky
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Patent number: 5151138Abstract: A blasting composition for use in boreholes of diameter not less than 80 mm. The composition contains more than about 25% of solid oxidiser particles such as limestone ammonium nitrate. These particles are in the form of dense prills, granules or crystals and about 80% of them have a minimum thickness in the range of 1/200 to 1/75 of borehole diameter.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1991Date of Patent: September 29, 1992Assignee: Mining Services International Corp.Inventor: Charles M. Lownds
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Patent number: 5145535Abstract: A method for improving the disperion of particulate materials in intermollar explosive compositions which comprises dry blending at least one fuel compound and at least one oxidizer compound, a viscosity modifier and a dispersable particulate material, melt blending the resulting dry blend, and thereafter casting the melt into a suitable form, casing or mold. The viscosity modifier suitable for use in the invention is a cationic salt of carboxymethylcellulose ether. The viscosity modifier is added in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired melt viscosity.Type: GrantFiled: February 25, 1991Date of Patent: September 8, 1992Assignee: United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air ForceInventor: Michael A. Patrick
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Patent number: 5129972Abstract: Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorus-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorus-containing acids, the metal being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1991Date of Patent: July 14, 1992Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Alan T. Riga, John W. Forsberg
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Patent number: 5098683Abstract: A phase stabilized ammonium nitrate mixed crystal structure is produced by the addition of potassium fluoride. Thus the undesirable abrupt expansion and contraction of ammonium nitrate in the temperature range of use in rocket motor propellants and explosives (-55.degree. C. to .lambda..degree. C.) is eliminated. The mixture is made by the addition of between about 3% to 5% and preferably about 3.5% by weight potassium fluoride to the ammonium nitrate by a nonhazardous aqueous method.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1991Date of Patent: March 24, 1992Assignee: Olin CorporationInventors: Ashok K. Mehrotra, I. Lee Markovich
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Patent number: 5084117Abstract: This invention relates to an explosive. It relates in particular to the manufacture of an emulsion explosive comprising a discontinuous phase which forms an oxidizing salt-containing component and a continuous phase which is immiscible with the discontinuous phase and which forms a fuel component.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1991Date of Patent: January 28, 1992Assignee: AECI LimitedInventors: Richard C. M. Houston, Julian Taylor
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Patent number: 5078813Abstract: An explosive-grade ammonium nitrate product dimensionally stabilized with a hydratable internal additive in an amount from 0.05 to 2.0% (wt/wt), having a bulk density in the range from 0.80 to 0.96 gm/cm.sup.3, exhibiting a porosity such that the product will absorb and retain at least 5% (wt/wt) of a fuel oil, retaining a particulate (prill) hardness of at least 15 kg/cm.sup.2 and having a Caking Index of less than 1.4 kg/cm.sup.2.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1989Date of Patent: January 7, 1992Assignee: Mississippi Chemical CorporationInventors: Gerald L. Tucker, Bobby P. Barrington
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Patent number: 5076867Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stabilizing a detonable mixture of emulsion and AN or ANFO prills and to the resulting compositions. A surfactant is dissolved in a liquid organic fuel prior to adding the fuel to AN prills for forming ANFO prills, or if AN prills are used without added liquid organic fuel, the surfactant is added to the prills. The ANFO prills or AN prills containing a surfactant than are mixed with the emulsion.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1990Date of Patent: December 31, 1991Inventor: Lee F. McKenzie
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Patent number: 5074939Abstract: The present invention relates to cap-sensitive explosive compositions, in particular to emulsion explosives doped with solid particulate ammonium nitrate which retain stability and cap-sensitivity despite containing relatively high levels of dopant.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 1990Date of Patent: December 24, 1991Assignee: ICI Australia Operations Proprietary LimitedInventors: Ross Sanders, Robert Sheahan, Vladimir Sujansky
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Patent number: 5041177Abstract: An explosive composition comprising an explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. The fuel oil is selected to provide an oil separation sufficiently low so that the explosive is detonatable. The fuel oil is also selected such that the viscosity of the explosive is sufficiently low so that the explosive may be loadable into a borehole. The explosive is substantially free of tackifying agents.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1990Date of Patent: August 20, 1991Assignee: ETI ExplosivesInventors: Ernest A. Hajto, Christopher J. Preston, Earl D. Reckzin
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Patent number: 5035843Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing, by means of working, mixing and homogenizing, castable explosive substances of high viscosity containing crystalline and/or particulate explosives and, if appropriate, other action-enhancing additives and such small quantities of binder and other viscosity-reducing agents that the mixture in the unworked state virtually feels like and behaves like a dry powder. In order to achieve the desired working, mixing and homogenizing, use is made of an arrangement which is known per se.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1990Date of Patent: July 30, 1991Assignee: Nobel Kemi ABInventor: Herman Schmid
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Patent number: 5035757Abstract: A gas generant composition devoid of azides which yields solid combustion products which are easily filtered rendering the gases useful for inflating automobile occupant restraint bags.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1990Date of Patent: July 30, 1991Assignee: Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.Inventor: Donald R. Poole
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Patent number: 5034071Abstract: The invention is directed to a blended explosive composition containing an emulsifier which is a derivative of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and a prill having an internal additive of a naphthalene sulfonate surfactant and an external coating which makes the prill compatible with the emulsifier.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 1990Date of Patent: July 23, 1991Assignee: Atlas Powder CompanyInventor: Catharine VanOmmeren
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Patent number: 5026442Abstract: This invention provides an explosive composition comprising a blend of a melt-in-fuel emulsion and solid particulate oxygen-releasing salt. Said melt-in-fuel emulsion comprises a discontinuous oxygen-releasing salt phase, a continuous water-immiscible organic fuel phase and an emulsifier component. The oxygen-releasing salt is preferably selected such that the water content is minimized. The explosive composition may additionally comprise a discontinuous gaseous component. The compositions are stable against crystallization and segregation and are blowloadable without significant blowback. The compositions have an added advantage of a propensity to be loaded into upholes without the need for stemming or other plugging arrangements.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 1990Date of Patent: June 25, 1991Assignee: ICI Australia Operations Proprietary LimitedInventors: Michael Yabsley, Waclaw Skinder, Ken Mitchell
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Patent number: 5017251Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved permissible explosive composition. More particularly, the invention relates to a permissible water-in-oil emulsion explosive that is shock-resistant and has a relatively low density. The water-in-oil emulsion explosives of this invention contain a water-immiscible organic fuel as the continuous phase and an emulsified inorganic oxidizer salt solution as the discontinuous phase. These oxidizer and fuel phases react with one another upon initiation by a blasting cap or other initiator to produce an effective detonation.Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 1989Date of Patent: May 21, 1991Assignee: IRECO IncorporatedInventors: Lawrence D. Lawrence, Walter B. Sudweeks
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Patent number: 5014623Abstract: A binary munition system comprising at least two non-explosive ingredients hat combine in flight to form a relatively safe explosive. The combination of said non-explosive ingredients for the purpose of forming safe explosives is novel.The binary munition stores the non-explosive ingredients in separate compartments which utilize membranes, bags or containers to facilitate the separation. The munition is equipped with means in which to rupture the compartments upon launch or fire. The purpose of the munition is to maintain separation of the non-explosive ingredients and to achieve mixing of the ingredients upon launch or fire of said munition.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1989Date of Patent: May 14, 1991Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: Evan H. Walker, Warren W. Hillstrom
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Patent number: 5000802Abstract: This invention relates to a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive comprising an aqueous oxidizer solution, an oily material, an emulsifier and hollow microspheres, in which the whole or a part of the oily material is replaced with a polymer which is oil-soluble and has a ladder structure in the molecule.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1990Date of Patent: March 19, 1991Assignee: Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Atsuo Inoue, Yoshio Tanabe
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Patent number: 4999062Abstract: An emulsion explosive composition comprising a discontinuous phase comprising an oxygen-releasing salt, a continuous water-immiscible organic phase and an emulsifier component comprising a condensation product of a primary amine and a poly[alk(en)yl]succinic acid or anhydride and wherein the condensation product comprises at least 70% by weight succinimide product.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1989Date of Patent: March 12, 1991Assignee: ICI Australia Operations Proprietary LimitedInventors: Margaret J. Snare, David Yates, Ross Sanders
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Patent number: 4997494Abstract: A process for the production of a chemically gassed emulsion explosive wherein a chemical gassing agent is added to the emulsion as an essentially dry particulate powder. The process allows for the production of stable emulsion explosives which have more controllable emulsion explosive characteristics.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1990Date of Patent: March 5, 1991Assignee: ICI Canada Inc.Inventor: Anh D. Nguyen
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Patent number: 4995925Abstract: A blasting composition of reduced volume strength relative to straight ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) compositions, containing particulate oxidizer salt, particulate inert and/or density reducing filler and optionally a fuel for modifying the oxygen balance. The composition contains a viscous water-in-oil type emulsion, having a continuous fuel phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase of oxidizing salts, in an amount sufficient for improving adherence between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler, but insufficient for filling out the interstices between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 1989Date of Patent: February 26, 1991Assignee: Nitro Nobel ABInventor: Bjorn Engsbraten
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Patent number: 4994123Abstract: A physically stable emulsion explosive composition consisting of a dispersed phase and a continuous phase, wherein the dispersed phase consists essentially of at least one oxidizing compound and at least one fuel compound, and wherein the continuous phase consists essentially of a polyacrylate resin.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1990Date of Patent: February 19, 1991Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air ForceInventors: Michael A. Patrick, Sara J. Massey
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Patent number: 4992119Abstract: The present invention relates to a HANFO explosive consisting of a mixture of at least one nitrate-oil explosive (ANFO-type) and at least one water-in-oil explosive, and a method for its manufacture. The oil of the ANFO part contains 0.3-7.0 weight % based on the weight of the oil component of the oilsoluble elastomer having a viscosity average molecular weight of 30,000-5 million, preferably 900,000-2.5 million. The manufacture of the HANFO explosive can be carried out by first adding an oilsoluble elastomer to the oil of the ANFO-type explosive, then mixing the oil with sodium-, ammonium- and/or calcium nitrate and then mixing this mixture together with a water-in-oil emulsion explosive. The HANFO explosive can be applied both in bulk and cartridged form.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 1990Date of Patent: February 12, 1991Assignee: Norsk Hydro a.s.Inventors: Arne Carlsen, Erik C. Nygaard
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Patent number: 4964929Abstract: A degradation product of ascorbic acid or isoascorbic acid obtained by heating the acid at a temperature between about 70.degree. C. and about 210.degree. C. until partial or complete decomposition of the acid occurs, useful in admixture with various nitrate-containing oxidation agents as an explosive and propellant material for a wide range of specific applications.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 1989Date of Patent: October 23, 1990Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.Inventors: Paul Beyeler, Claude Furbringer
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Patent number: 4960475Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved explosive composition. More particularly, the invention relates to a water-in-oil emulsion explosive that is sensitized by chemically formed gas bubbles. The water-in-oil emulsion explosives of this invention contain a water-immiscible organic fuel as the continuous phase, an emulsified inorganic oxidizer salt solution as the discontinuous phase, an emulsifier, a chemical gassing agent and a surfactant for increasing the rate of gas generation from the gassing agent. The invention also relates to a method of forming such explosives. As used herein, the term "water-in-oil" will refer to a discontinuous phase of polar or water-miscible droplets emulsified throughout a nonpolar or water-immiscible continuous phase. Such emulsions may or may not actually contain water, and those not containing water sometimes are referred to as "melt-in-oil" emulsions.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 1990Date of Patent: October 2, 1990Inventors: Don H. Cranney, Blake T. Maxfield
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Patent number: 4957569Abstract: This invention relates to a dry mix explosive composition wherein a binding or holding agent is provided to hold the parts thereof together in a straightforward and efficient manner, in order to avoid segregation of the parts such as during mixing, placement and the like. The dry mix explosive composition includes oxidiser, fuel and bulking agent, and further includes a binder in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion which acts to hold the parts of said composition together during mixing, placement and the like.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1988Date of Patent: September 18, 1990Assignee: CBS Explosives Pty LimitedInventors: Kevin H. Waldock, Daniel A. Wasson
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Patent number: 4948439Abstract: Composition and process for inflating an automobile or aircraft safety crash bag comprising igniting at elevated pressure a pyrotechnic material comprising at least one tetrazole or triazole compound containing hydrogen in the molecule, at least one oxygen containing oxidizer compound, and at least one metal oxide to generate a gas which is admixed with air by means of an aspirating venturi and thereafter utilized to inflate the crash bag.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1990Date of Patent: August 14, 1990Assignee: Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.Inventors: Donald R. Poole, Michael A. Wilson
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Patent number: 4946522Abstract: A new solution monopropellant for use in liquid propellant guns is composed f ammonium nitrate, hydrazine hydrate, and water in a mole ratio of 1:1:0.05 to 0.30.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 1981Date of Patent: August 7, 1990Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Larry L. Liedtke, H. Dean Mallory, William R. McBride, Everett M. Bens, Klaus C. Schadow, Thomas L. Boggs
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Patent number: 4946521Abstract: A binary munition system comprising at least two non-explosive ingredients hat combine in flight to form a relatively safe explosive. The combination of said non-explosive ingredients for the purpose of forming safe explosives is novel.The binary munition stores the non-explosive ingredients in separate compartments which utilize membranes, bags or containers to facilitate the separation. The munition is equipped with means in which to rupture the compartments upon launch or fire. The purpose of the munition is to maintain separation of the non-explosive ingredients and to achieve mixing of the ingredients upon launch or fire of said munition.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1989Date of Patent: August 7, 1990Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: Evan H. Walker, Warren W. Hillstrom
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Patent number: 4940497Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition having a void-providing agent consisting of expanded perlite is provided. The water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition comprising a continuous phase of carbonaceous fuel, an emulsifier, a dispersed phase of an aqueous solution of inorgnaic oxidizer, and expanded perlite having a density of less than 0.60 g/cc and preferably of from about 0.23 g/cc to about 0.45 g/cc.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1988Date of Patent: July 10, 1990Assignee: Atlas Powder CompanyInventor: Catharine L. Van Ommeren
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Patent number: 4936933Abstract: A process for preparing a gas bubble sensitized explosive composition. The present process comprises preparing an explosive composition comprising a water-in-oil emulsion and mechanically entraining gas bubbles into the explosive composition. Low viscosity emulsion explosives are able to be sensitized by this process. There is a preference for wax free emulsions to be used. The process is applicable to emulsion explosives comprising ammonium nitrate particles. By providing a process for the mechanical entrainment of stable gas bubbles we allow explosive compositions to be sensitized on-site by readily available mixing means.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1988Date of Patent: June 26, 1990Assignee: ICI Australia Operations Proprietary LimitedInventors: Michael Yabsley, Flavio Xantidis
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Patent number: 4933028Abstract: The present invention relates to water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions comprising a discontinuous aqueous phase, a continuous water-immiscible organic phase, and an emulsifier content being at least 45% by weight of the emulsified fuel phase which decreases precompression or dead pressing.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1989Date of Patent: June 12, 1990Assignee: Atlas Powder CompanyInventors: John J. Mullay, Joseph A. Sohara
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Patent number: 4931110Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions have improved detonation properties, stability and lower viscosity. Bis (alkanolamine or polyol) amide and/or ester derivatives of bis-carboxylated or anhydride derivatized addition polymers are used as the emulsifier. For example, alkanolamine reacted (2:1 ratio) with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is found superior to the corresponding 1:1 derivative.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1989Date of Patent: June 5, 1990Assignee: IRECO IncorporatedInventors: Lee F. McKenzie, Lawrence D. Lawrence
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Patent number: 4919178Abstract: Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorous-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorous-containing acids, the metals being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1989Date of Patent: April 24, 1990Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Alan T. Riga, John W. Forsberg
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Patent number: 4908079Abstract: An excellent water in oil type emulsion explosive having both of a superior handling property and a good aging initiating sensitivity at low temperatures and at small calibers, is provided by using a specific low molecular weight polyethylene as the carbonaceous fuel in the emulsion explosive.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 1989Date of Patent: March 13, 1990Assignee: Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoji Tasaki, Akihiro Tanaka, Koichi Kurokawa, Katsuhide Hattori, Motoyuki Amano
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Patent number: 4908080Abstract: Thermostability, age stability, and ignition property at low temperatures of a W/O type emulsion explosive are remarkably improved by incorporating a chelating agent in the W/O type emulsion explosive.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1989Date of Patent: March 13, 1990Assignee: Nippon Oil and Fats, Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tomoyuki Amano, Koichi Kurokawa, Koji Edamura
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Patent number: 4907368Abstract: The invention provides a thermodynamically stable fluid system for use in combination with a solid oxidizer to provide an explosive composition. The fluid system comprises 1-70% by weight of water, 5-20% by weight of a surfactant, 0-35% by weight of a cosurfactant, and 5-85% by weight of an organic oil. Any droplet formation within the system has diameter or a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 microns. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid system is a microemulsion. When the fluid system is combined with a solid oxidizer, an explosive composition is formed, and the resulting explosive composition has a density greater than ANFO under similar conditions. The fluid system acts to increase the density of the oxidizer.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1988Date of Patent: March 13, 1990Assignee: Atlas Powder CompanyInventors: John J. Mullay, Joseph A. Sohara
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Patent number: 4889570Abstract: A blasting explosive having improved water resistance comprises a particulate blend of from about 5 to about 27 wt. % of a slurry explosive and from about 73 to about 95 wt. % of a mixture of ammonium nitrate particles and a liquid hydrocarbon fuel based on the weight of the slurry, the ammonium nitrate particles and the fuel. The mixture of ammonium nitrate particles and a liquid hydrocarbon fuel contain from about 3.0 to about 6.0 wt. % hydrocarbon fuel based on the weight of the ammonium nitrate/fuel mixture. The blend is first coated with a gelling agent and subsequently coated with an anticaking agent.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 1989Date of Patent: December 26, 1989Assignee: ETI Explosives Technologies International (Canada), Ltd.Inventor: Dennis Y. Leong
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Patent number: 4881993Abstract: The carbonyl compounds 5,6-carbonyl-ascorbic acid and 5,6-carbonyl-erythorbic acid been found useful for the preparation of explosive and propellant materials by admixing them with nitrate-containing oxidation agents and optionally further ingredients.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1989Date of Patent: November 21, 1989Assignee: Hoffman-LA Roche Inc.Inventors: Claude Furbringer, Horst Pauling
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Patent number: 4878968Abstract: A compound having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is --N.sup.+ H.sub.3 as found in claim 1 and R.sup.2 is either the same as F.sup.1 or hydrogen. "A" is an oxidizing anion, and X is selected to provide a neutral charge balance for the compound. A method of making a compound of the indicated structure from a compound of similar structure by an anion exchange process is also disclosed. Finally, propellant formulations incorporating the novel compounds of the present invention as fuels and oxidizers are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1988Date of Patent: November 7, 1989Assignee: Morton Thiokol, Inc.Inventors: Rodney L. Willer, Glen T. Cunkle, Nathan Klein
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Patent number: RE33788Abstract: A blasting composition is disclosed having bulk density and hence explosive energy superior to that of conventional ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixtures, e.g. 94% AN, 6% fuel oil mixtures, but of nearly comparable cost. It comprises two major constituents blended together, namely, (1) about 10 to 40% by weight of a water in oil emulsion which includes aqueous solution of a powerful oxidizer salt as the disperse or inner phase and an oil serving to provide oxygen balance as the external or continuous phase, this emulsion being mixed or blended with (2) a mass of essentially solid particulate oxidizer salt in proportions of 60 to 90% of the total. The emulsion, which may be also a slurry, is mixed to partially but not completely fill the pores or interstices in the solid particulate mass, thereby to increase bulk density, part of the spaces being left unfilled to provide aeration and active sites or "hot spots" to facilitate detonation of the composition by standard detonation devices.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1986Date of Patent: January 7, 1992Assignee: Hanex Products, Inc.Inventor: Robert B. Clay