Abstract: A method is provided for making artificial leather upside down. In the method, an upper color layer is provided on releasing paper and the upper color layer is dried. A lower color layer is provided on the upper color layer and the lower color layer is dried. A paste layer is provided on the lower color layer and the pate layer is preliminarily dried. A substrate is attached to the paste layer. The paste layer is dried. The releasing paper is removed.

Abstract: A multilayer composite has a generally adhesion resistant, protective layer and an adjacent second polymeric film. The composition of the protective layer includes a fluoropolymer and the second polymeric film is a polymer free of fluoropolymer. The size of the protective layer facing the second polymeric layer is rendered bondable to the non-fluoropolymer of the second polymeric layer prior to assembling the layers in the composite. The composite is well adapted to being produced in a vertical coating tower. The tower utilizes a carrier web onto which the fluoropolymer layer and second polymeric layer are deposited from respective casting films. Mirror image composites can be formed simultaneously on opposite sides of the carrier web.

Abstract: The present invention provides a decorative sheet having a base film made of a thermoplastic polyester resin and a decorative layer on the base film, and provides a decorated resin molding produced by using the decorative sheet. The base film is not broken in both of MD (a flow direction of film-forming) and TD (a direction perpendicular to MD) and has a stress of 20 N/cm2 or less in any of MD and TD under a 200% elongation at 80° C. The decorated resin molding includes a resin molding and the decorative sheet which is unitedly laminated to the resin molding. The decorative layer of the decorative sheet faces toward the resin molding. The decorative sheet is suitable for producing the decorated resin molding by a decorating injection molding method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an electronic part that can cope with downsizing, improvement in performance and quality of a multilayer electronic part.

Abstract: A high-quality protective film for a dry film resist is provided. A film of a polyethylene is used as the protective film, the polyethylene being prepared by pressurizing ethylene with use of an ultra-high pressure compressor and then polymerizing the ethylene at a reaction temperature of 190° to 300° C. and a reaction pressure of not lower than 167 MPa in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, or by pressuring ethylene with use of an ultra-high pressure compressor and then polymerizing the ethylene at a reaction temperature of 190° to 300° C. in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator while allowing a radical polymerization inhibitor to be present in the reaction system.

Abstract: A ceramic green sheet having good surface roughness and few pinhole defects even when producing a thin ceramic green sheet is stably produced, to permit efficiently and securely manufacturing a multilayer ceramic electronic part in which deterioration of its life due to unevenness of interfaces between internal electrodes and ceramic layers and the occurrence of structural defects, such as delamination, bending of an electrode portion, etc, in a multilayer thin film to be suppressed. A dry sheet obtained by forming ceramic slurry to a sheet on a carrier film is smoothed by pressing using a plate press, a hydrostatic press or a calender roll under predetermined temperature and pressure conditions to improve the surface smoothness of the ceramic green sheet independently of the particle diameter of the ceramic and its dispersibility. An electrode paste is coated in a predetermine pattern on the thus-produced ceramic green sheet to form a sheet provided with an electrode.

Abstract: A method of making the basic material and the facial skin of synthetic leather with one round of process includes two units of material injecting devices for respectively making a PU plastic foam layer and a face-skin layer at the same time. The PU plastic foam layer and the face-skin layer are tightly combined together when they are in a condition of half reaction and not fully becoming hardened to finish making the synthetic leather with one round of process, achieving effects of shortening a producing process, saving equipment, labor and electricity, lowering producing cost, and preventing air and water pollution.

Abstract: An environmental friendly artificial leather product includes a substrate, an adhesive layer, an intermediate layer and a top layer. The artificial leather resides in that the top layer and adhesive layer is formed of a solvent-free elastomer resin composition and the intermediate layer provided between the top layer and adhesive layer is formed of a polyurethane resin composition containing more than 50% by weight solid content of polyurethane resin. A method for producing an environmental friendly artificial leather product includes coating a first solvent-free elastomer resin composition on a releasing paper to form a top layer, coating a polyurethane resin composition containing more than 50% by weight solid content on the top layer to form an intermediate layer, coating a second solvent-free elastomer resin composition on the intermediate layer to form an adhesive layer, and finally applying a substrate on the adhesive layer, and peeling the releasing paper.

Abstract: The method of the invention enables a coating to be made on at least one face to be protected of a metal substrate and/or article in order to improve its performance in terms of resistance to wear by friction, in particular at high temperature.

Abstract: An optical disk is manufactured by bonding a resin stamper having, on a principal plane, asperity pits on which a thin film is formed and a second substrate having a thickness of 0.3 mm or less with radiation cured resin such that the asperity pits face to the second substrate. The resin stamper is peeled off after curing the radiation cured resin to form asperity pits on the second substrate. A metal film is formed on the asperity pits on the second substrate to attain an information recording layer on the second substrate. A first substrate having an information recording layer and the second substrate having the formed information recording layer are bonded such that the both information recording layers face each other.

Abstract: A composite substrate in which the surface of the insulating layer is not influenced by the electrode layer and which requires neither a grinding process nor a sol-gel process, is easy to produce and can provide a thin-film EL device having a high display quality when used therein; a thin-film EL device using the substrate; and a production process for the device. The thin-film EL device is produced by forming a luminescent layer, other insulating layer and other electrode layer successively on a composite substrate comprising a substrate; an electrode layer embedded in the substrate in such a manner that the electrode layer and the substrate are in one plane; and an insulating layer formed on the surface of a composite comprising the substrate and the electrode layer.

Abstract: A ceramic green sheet having good surface roughness and few pinhole defects even when producing a thin ceramic green sheet is stably produced, to permit efficiently and securely manufacturing a multilayer ceramic electronic part in which deterioration of its life due to unevenness of interfaces between internal electrodes and ceramic layers and the occurrence of structural defects, such as delamination, bending of an electrode portion, etc., in a multilayer thin film to be suppressed. A dry sheet obtained by forming ceramic slurry to a sheet on a carrier film is smoothed by pressing using a plate press, a hydrostatic press or a calender roll under predetermined temperature and pressure conditions to improve the surface smoothness of the ceramic green sheet independently of the particle diameter of the ceramic and its dispersibility. An electrode paste is coated in a predetermine pattern on the thus-produced ceramic green sheet to form a sheet provided with an electrode.

Abstract: A method of potting a plurality of hollow fiber membranes into a mass of solidified potting liquid is described. Open ends of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are enclosed in a first material held in a container which may be a part of a permeate collection means, for example, a permeate pan or header enclosure. A potting liquid is flowed into the container over the first material. The potting liquid surrounds each hollow fiber membrane and then becomes a solid mass that provides a fluid-tight seal to the outside of the hollow fiber membranes. The first material prevents the potting liquid or solid mass from closing the ends of the membranes. The first material is later removed from the ends of the hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a laminated ceramic electronic component, a first transfer member and a second transfer member are prepared on a lamination stage to produce the laminated ceramic electronic component. The first transfer member includes a conductor-attached composite green sheet having a conductor on a portion of the surface thereof, including a non-magnetic ceramic region and a magnetic ceramic region, and a first carrier film that carries the conductor-attached composite green sheet. The second transfer member includes a ceramic green sheet and a carrier film that carries the ceramic green sheet. The laminated ceramic electronic component is thus produced through a first transfer step in which the ceramic green sheets are successively transferred, through a second transfer step in which the conductor-attached composite green sheet is transferred, and through a third transfer step in which the ceramic green sheet of the second transfer member is transferred.

Abstract: A flexible imaging belt seam treatment article comprising a high-temperature-resistant flexible substrate that supports a thermoplastic polymer film. The film is deposited on the flexible substrate by dissolution of a film-forming thermoplastic polymer in a carrier solvent, applying the resulting solution to the flexible substrate, and eliminating the carrier solvent. The article can then be used to treat a seam of a flexible imaging belt by placing it on the seam, heating the strip and seam, and applying pressure to the strip and seam.

Abstract: An apparatus for longitudinally orienting elongated particles, such as wood strands for forming orienting strand board panels, includes a pre-orienting unit with vertically arranged orienting elements, such as discs of a disc roll, a final orienting unit below the pre-orienting unit, and a forming belt below the final orienting unit. The final orienting unit includes plural sheetmetal chutes that are spaced successively along the transport direction of the forming belt and that each include plural side-by-side trough-shaped orienting channels that slope at a slope angle toward the forming belt along the transport direction. The non-oriented wood strands supplied to the pre-orienting unit are pre-oriented by falling through passages thereof, and the pre-oriented strands are then further longitudinally oriented as they slide longitudinally along the orienting channels, from which they slide without free-falling onto the forming belt. In an alternative embodiment, the pre-orienting unit can be omitted.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion based pressure sensitive adhesive is disclosed that includes water and a water dispersible polymer, and has (1) a viscosity of 100 to 1000 mpa·s, (2) a dynamic surface tension of a water diluted 75% solution thereof of 59 mN/m or more at a discharge frequency of 25 Hz and a temperature of 25° C., and (3) a nonvolatile content of 50 to 70 wt %. This pressure sensitive adhesive is an emulsion composition having low viscosity and ease of handling and causing no coating defects such as ‘cissing’ and ‘retraction’ when coated on a release paper.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for peeling a thin film, typically 100 microns or less in thickness, from a liner by use of a rotatable peel rod supported in an air bearing. The air bearing comprises a support plate having arcuate surfaces which are substantially coaxial with a cylindrical film-bearing segment of the peel rod. Air openings in the arcuate surfaces conduct a flow of air into an air bearing gap between the arcuate surfaces and the peel rod.

Abstract: An unfoamed, flexible, elongate shaped article having at least partially fibrous structure, intended for masking a substrate and having a thickness of more than 3 mm, which article under a load of 5 N/cm has an elongation of at least 10%; is at least partially self-adhesive; is compressible by at least 10% in thickness; and has a flexural stiffness in the longitudinal direction of less than 200 N×cm2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a grip material consisting of a layer of polyurethane and a layer of EVA. A nylon cloth material is used as a temporary support for coagulating the polyurethane by a wet coagulation process. The coagulated polyurethane is then separated from the nylon cloth material and subsequently joined with a strip of EVA material to yield a grip material with the tackiness and superior shock cushioning characteristics of a polyurethane/felt grip combined with the water resistant and lightness characteristics of a polyurethane/EVA grip.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated ceramic electronic component allows for production of highly reliable laminated ceramic electronic components even when the coating rate of a ceramic slurry on a surface of a carrier film is increased in order to reduce the thickness of the ceramic green sheet. A ceramic green sheet is formed by pulling out a carrier film from a carrier film roll, coating the film with a ceramic slurry using a coating apparatus, drying the film with a drying apparatus, and rolling up the film using a take-up apparatus. The carrier film is unrolled, an internal electrode pattern is printed thereon by a printing apparatus, the surface of the film is dried, and the film is rolled up by the take-up apparatus. The rolled carrier film is pulled out, the ceramic green sheet is peeled away, and a plurality of the ceramic green sheets are laminated. Following the cutting of the laminated body into individual elements, these elements are fired, and external electrodes are formed thereon.

Abstract: Adhesives having a microreplicated topography are prepared from contacting a microembossed pattern to a layer of adhesive. When an adhesion interface is established between the layer of adhesive and a supporting substrate, the topography of the adhesive surface controls the performance of the adhesion interface. Articles having microreplicated adhesive surfaces are also disclosed that have an advantage of providing microchannels for fluid egress for an effective period of time. Multiple microembossed patterns produce microreplicated adhesive surfaces having both microchannels for fluid egress and pegs for improved adhesive properties.

Abstract: Where the length LD of a resin film forming region is, for example, 3 times as long as the pitch of the sprocket holes of the base film, the resin coating is performed by using 6 nozzles, and where the length LD is, for example, 6 times as long as the pitch of the sprocket holes, the resin coating is performed by using 3 nozzles. As a result, the transfer distance of the base film transferred in a single resin coating process is 18 times as long as the pitch of the sprocket holes. It follows that it is possible to set constant the time for the base film to pass through the drying section even if the length LD of the resin film forming region differs.

Abstract: Improved methods and articles used to fabricate flexible circuit structures are disclosed. The methods include depositing a release layer or a dielectric film on a substrate, and then forming a conductive laminate on the release layer or the dielectric film. The conductive laminate may be easily separated by the substrate to eventually form a flexible circuit structure.

Abstract: A fluorescent red composition providing a coating having chromaticity coordinates (x, y) within the area defined by (0.648, 0.351), (0.735, 0.265), (0.629, 0.281) and (0.565, 0.346) in terms of the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System and measured using 0/45 geometry and evaluated with CIE Standard Illuminant D65 and a fluorescence luminance factor of at least about 8; articles comprising the composition or coating, and methods of making.

Abstract: A continuous sheet having a three-dimensional pattern providing the optical functions is produced by the use of a release sheet of a curable resin on which the three-dimensional pattern is formed, a change in a surface-gloss of a layer of the release sheet on which the three-dimensional pattern is formed, is not more than 30% in pressing a hot plate heated to 160° C. under a force of 20 kg/cm2 for 3 seconds and the release sheet may be wound in a form of cylinder of not more than 12 inches in diameter. In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to enhance a degree of freedom of processing conditions and thermoplastic resins to be used and to produce a continuous sheet having high performance optical functions efficiently.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a laminated ceramic electronic component includes the steps of printing a layer of a conductor and a ceramic green sheet formed around the conductor a plurality of times on a carrier film, thus preparing a composite sheet laminate in which composite sheets made up of the conductor and the ceramic green sheet are laminated, and pressing and attaching the composite sheet laminate to another ceramic green sheet and removing the carrier film.

Abstract: An automotive quality paint coat is laminated to the exterior surface of a molded plastic car body panel. In one embodiment, the paint coat includes an exterior clear coat above a color coat. The clear coat and color coat are each coated on a temporary flexible casting sheet and dried. A high gloss surface is transferred to the clear coat from the casting sheet. The paint coat is then transferred from the casting sheet to a thin, semi-flexible thermoformable plastic backing sheet by dry paint transfer-laminating techniques. The resulting laminate is thermoformed into a complex three-dimensional shape of the car body panel. The preformed laminate is then bonded to a plastic substrate material by injection-cladding techniques to form the finished article. The paint coat has sufficient elongation to retain exterior automotive appearance and durability properties during thermoforming without deglossing.

Abstract: A method of bonding substrates by hydroxide-catalyzed hydration/dehydration involves applying a bonding material to at least one surface to be bonded, and placing the at least one surface sufficiently close to another surface such that a bonding interface is formed between them. A bonding material of the invention comprises a source of hydroxide ions, and may optionally include a silicate component, a particulate filling material, and a property-modifying component. Bonding methods of the invention reliably and reproducibly provide bonds which are strong and precise, and which may be tailored according to a wide range of possible applications. Possible applications for bonding materials of the invention include: forming composite materials, coating substrates, forming laminate structures, assembly of precision optical components, and preparing objects of defined geometry and composition. Bonding materials and methods of preparing the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved methods and articles used to fabricate flexible circuit structures are disclosed. The methods include depositing a release layer or a dielectric film on a substrate, and then forming a conductive laminate on the release layer or the dielectric film. The conductive laminate may be easily separated by the substrate to eventually form a flexible circuit structure. Plasma may be used to treat a surface of the release layer or the dielectric film to produce a plasma-treated surface to lower the peel strength of any film or layer bound to the plasma-treated surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method comprising disposing a thin metallic layer having a low melting temperature between one end of a conductive post on a substrate and a conducting structure on an opposing substrate. Heated platens in contact with the substrates can apply pressure and heat to the thin metallic layer and cause it to be entirely consumed and subsequently transformed into a bonding layer having a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the original thin metallic layer. Prior to, during, or after the conductive post is bonded to the conducting structure, the region around the conductive post and between the substrates may be filled with a dielectric material, such as polyimide.

Abstract: A method for forming a laminated sheet material from a slurry having a liquid component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of laminating ceramic greenware sheets with electrodes embedded therein (25) which is formed on a support by pressure-adhering a ceramic greenware sheet with an electrode embedded therein onto a second ceramic greenware sheet or other electrodes (23), then peeling off the support alone and transferring the ceramic greenware sheet with the embedded electrodes onto the second ceramic greenware sheet or the other electrodes. This manufacturing method enables it to laminate ceramic greenware sheets each the thickness of which is as thin as 20 micrometers or less, while maintaining their mechanical strength and embedded electrodes in the ceramic greenware sheets, thereby enabling it to prevent a occurrence of surface irregularities due to the thickness of the electrodes even when laminating to a high degree.

Abstract: A method for transferring a three-dimensional structure onto a substrate, which includes filling a plurality of concaves arranged on a sheet-form mold with a paste-like structural material, temporarily fixing the mold to a support member, contact-bonding the structural material in a state in which the structural material has the adhesion property or bonding property to the substrate together with the mold, releasing the temporary fixation of the mold by the support member after the contact-bonding, and removing the mold from the substrate, thereby transferring a three-dimensional structure onto the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a security item comprises extruding or casting a polymer plastics substrate and, during the forming process, introducing a security thread into the substrate. The security thread is embedded to different depths in the substrate so as to generate a windowed effect.

Abstract: Method for strip coating a metallic strip-shaped substrate (1) with a band (3) of plastic comprising the stages: (i) in-situ casting of a plastic band, (ii) leading the plastic band around a cooling roll (5, 5a); (iii) leading away the plastic band until the plastic band production is underway and stabilized; (iv) bringing the plastic band up to speed and heating the substrate to a temperature of the substrate close to the softening temperature of the part of the plastic band facing the substrate; (v) pressing the plastic band onto the substrate and where applicable breaking off the plastic band and stopping it being led away; (vi) coating the substrate (1) with the plastic band (3) at high speed

Abstract: A process for producing continuous veneer laminate panels by gluing and pressing in a hot press overly wide veneer sheets in several layers of veneer sheet sections combined one on top of another or one after another. The veneer sheet section combined with the overly wide veneer sheets is provided before entering into the hot press with steam exhaust joints via one or several longitudinal cuts and, in this way, is divided into two or several veneer sheet sections which are variable in their width, and the longitudinal cuts take place in correspondence to the several predetermined partitioning widths of the finished veneer laminate panels.

Abstract: A wiring board prepreg manufacturing method of the present invention includes the step of depositing and adhering a porous layer made of aromatic polyamide or polyimide onto a heat resistant base material sheet according to a wet gelation process, and the step of impregnating at least one portion of a raw material composition of thermoset resin with insides of pores of the porous layer adhered to the heat resistant base material sheet. Moreover, it is preferable that the step of impregnating the base material composition of the thermoset resin includes the step of applying a raw material liquid of the thermoset resin containing a solvent to a surface of a base material, the step of removing the solvent from the applied raw material liquid so as to obtain a solid coating film, and the step of while heating the solid coating film, laminating and pressurizing the film together with the base material onto the porous layer so as to impregnate at least one portion of the solid coating film.

Abstract: Films having a microreplicated topography are prepared from contacting a microembossed pattern to a layer of film. When an adhesion interface is established between the layer of film and a supporting substrate, the topography of the film surface controls the performance of the adhesion interface. Articles having microreplicated film surfaces are also disclosed that have an advantage of providing microchannels for fluid egress for an effective period of time. Multiple microembossed patterns produce microreplicated film surfaces having both microchannels for fluid egress and pegs for improved film properties.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a ceramic multilayer substrate by laminating a plurality of glass-ceramic green sheets made of a glass-ceramic containing an organic binder and a plasticizer to form a laminate; and firing the laminate; further comprising: applying to or overlaying on the surfaces of the glass-ceramic green sheets inorganic compositions, the sintering temperature of the inorganic compositions being higher than that of the glass-ceramic green sheets; laminating a plurality of the glass-ceramic green sheets having the inorganic compositions applied to or overlaid on the surfaces of the glass-ceramic green sheets respectively, to form a part of the laminate; and laminating a plurality of the glass-ceramic green sheets to form the other part of the laminate.

Abstract: A fibrous high temperature pressed rigid board is made using alumina silica fiber, soluble fiber (so-called green fiber or body fluid soluble fiber) or mineral wool or a combination of two or more of the above fiber types. The board is made by adding a water soluble, inorganic, granular/powder binder to the fiber at a point in the process between the fiber collection chamber and the blowing nozzle or spinning apparatus so that the binder is dispersed throughout the fiber as the continuous fleece or blanket is being produced. The fiber can also be accumulated on a wheel until the desired thickness or basis weight is achieved. The fleece is cut into a predetermined size and is then subjected to the application of water spray and placed into a hot press at a temperature sufficient to cause the water to heat and produce steam which rapidly dissolves the binder within the fleece and left in the press until dry or nearly dry.

Abstract: The present invention concerns films provided with several layers, characterised by the fact that: (A) the surface of a 10-500 &mgr;m thick plastic film is coated optinally with a filler composition layer; (B) the surface of the plastic film or filler layer is given at least one pigmented lacquer layer; (C) the pigmented lacquer layer is optionally coated with a transparent plastic film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a P.U. product includes a front stage working, and a rear stage working. The front stage working includes: coating a first P.U. liquid on a releasing sheet to form a first P.U. surface layer, coating a second P.U. liquid on the first P.U. surface layer to form a second P.U. surface layer, bonding a substrate cloth on the second P.U. surface layer, thereby forming a first product which includes the first P.U. surface layer, the second P.U. surface layer, and the substrate cloth. The rear stage working includes: rolling a first mixing liquid on the first product to form a plurality of intensive small air vents in the second P.U. surface layer for increasing permeability, rolling a second mixing liquid containing a fluoride on the first product so that the fluoride infiltrates through the first and second P.U. surface layer for increasing a water repellent function, and rolling a third mixing liquid containing a P.U.

Abstract: An improved foam cushion tape comprises a compressible polyurethane foam layer having a first side and an opposite second side; a composite reinforcing film comprising an anchoring layer and a reinforcing layer, wherein the second side of the polyurethane foam is disposed on the anchoring layer of the reinforcing film; a first adhesive disposed on the first side of the compressible polyurethane foam; and a second adhesive disposed on the reinforcing layer of the composite reinforcing film. The anchoring layer comprises at least one non-olefinic polymer, such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyurethane, nylon, or the like.

Abstract: A thermally conductive substrate having a structure in which inorganic filler for improving the thermal conductivity and thermosetting resin composition are included. The thermosetting resin composition has a flexibility in the not-hardened state, and becomes rigid after hardening. The thermally conductive substrate has excellent thermal radiation characteristics. The method of manufacturing the thermally conductive substrate includes: piling up (a) the thermally conductive sheets comprising 70 to 95 weight parts of an inorganic filler, and 4.

Abstract: A method of bonding a component to glass comprising disposing a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet material between said component and said glass so that said adhesive sheet material is adhered to said component and said glass, wherein said adhesive sheet material comprises the photopolymerization reaction product of starting materials comprising: (a) a monomeric mixture or partially prepolymerized syrup comprising at least one acrylic acid ester of an alkyl alcohol and at least one copolymerizable monomer; (b) an epoxy resin or a mixture of epoxy resins, (c) a heat-activatable hardener for the epoxy resin or mixture of epoxy resins, (d) a photoinitiator, and (e) a pigment.

Abstract: A method of texturing fluoropolymer film and the textured product produced, which product retains the texture imparted after further processing, such as in thermoforming or molding processes.

Abstract: A decorative article is produced by creating a preform comprised of a solidified puddled mass of resin from a molten stream of resin discharged down onto a collecting surface. The preform is trimmed, reheated to be smoothed and selectively reshaped, and providing with a mounting to create a decorative article. The purge discharged from an injection molding machine is utilized to create a preform to recover the cost of the purged resin otherwise discarded or recycled.

Abstract: A solar cell module lamination process using fluoropolymers to provide protection from adverse environmental conditions and thus enable more extended use of solar cells, particularly in space applications. A laminate of fluoropolymer material provides a hermetically sealed solar cell module structure that is flexible and very durable. The laminate is virtually chemically inert, highly transmissive in the visible spectrum, dimensionally stable at temperatures up to about 200° C. highly abrasion resistant, and exhibits very little ultra-violet degradation.

Abstract: A antiglare layer 12 having a fine uneven surface is formed directly or through other layer(s) on a transparent substrate film 11, and a layer 13 having a low refractive index, which is lower than the refractive index of the antiglare layer 12, is formed thereon. The refractive index of the antiglare layer 12 is higher than the refractive index of a layer in contact with said antiglare layer 12 on its surface remote from the layer 13 having a low refractive index. An SiOx film may be used as the layer 13 having a low refractive index. The SiOx film per se has excellent gas barrier property and antifouling property as an optical functional membrane and is an optical functional material characterized by having excellent moistureproofness, scratch resistance, adhesion to a substrate, transparency, low refractive index, dye deterioration preventive property, and other properties.