Abstract: A metallic sheet (10) is laminated between a pair of photoresist layers (26, 30) having different properties which permit one photoresist (26) to be stripped from the metallic sheet, substantially without effecting the other photoresist (30). A thin gauge blank or article (56) is photo-chemically machined from the lamination and the photoresist (26) is stripped from one side, leaving the other photoresist (30) to provide electrical insulation on just one side of the article.

Abstract: A composite structure and related fabrication method is provided which has a plurality of composite material layers and at least one embedded shape memory alloy component for providing controlled structural deformation. The shape memory alloy component includes a shape memory alloy tendon having a relaxed shape at temperatures below a predetermined transition temperature and a contracted shape at temperatures above the predetermined transition temperature. The shape memory alloy component also comprises a pair of electrically insulating opposing face sheets adhered to opposite sides of the shape memory alloy tendon to electrically isolate the shape memory alloy tendon from the surrounding composite material layers.

Abstract: A bonded assembly which includes a heating element in thermal contact with the adhesive component of the bonded assembly, such that the heating element can serve to thermally degrade the adhesive so as to allow disassembly, repair and servicing of the bonded assembly. The invention is particular suited for use in an abradable shroud assembly used in the fan section of a turbomachine, such as a high bypass turbofan engine. The abradable shroud assembly includes an abradable material bonded to the fan casing with an adhesive material having a known thermal degradation temperature. Placed in thermal contact with the adhesive layer is a heating element, such that the heating element is capable of heating the adhesive to a temperature above its thermal degradation temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel computerized laser inlay and inlay printing process. More particularly, this invention pertains to a novel process for engraving by use of computer a first excavated image in an inlay base, and secondly engraving a second corresponding relief image on an inlay wafer, and then inlaying the second relief image of the inlay wafer in the first excavated image of the inlay base.

Abstract: A gasket-cover assembly for use as a closure for an electrochemical cell which is produced by a process in which an extended wall of the cover is ultrasonically forced into a flange of a gasket such that the flange of the gasket makes a "U" shaped enclosure about the bottom wall of the cover.

Abstract: Ordered Z-axis electroconductive sheet materials are produced by entrapping bodies of fusible, polymeric, electroconductive adhesive at predetermined spaced locations in a sheet-like carrier of fusible, polymeric, dielectric adhesive including a thermoplastic component. The materials are useful for mechanically joining and electrically connecting electronic circuit components.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass microsphere (bead) coated articles having an upper surface comprising a layer of low refractive index transparent glass microspheres such as those made from recycled ordinary glass. The articles of the invention have an extremely smooth tactile feel and a low friction surface even though they can be prepared from glass microspheres intermixed with abrasive irregularly shaped glass particles. The invention also relates to the method making the bead coated articles of the invention and transfer articles that can be used to make the bead coated articles of the invention.

Abstract: In a screw holder in which bands of synthetic resin are disposed on one side of a series of screws out of alignment with the line connecting the center of each screw to stabilize the feed of the screws by the feed pawl of a screwdriver, the screws are driven in the right position regardless of the presence of the bands. A series of screws having an enlarged head are held between a pair of bands of synthetic resin. While a substantially straight main band having a larger cross-sectional area than a secondary band maintains the strength of the screw holder, a secondary band is allowed to band according to the profile of the screw held therebetween. The outer surface of the main band is flat, whereas an intermediate part between adjoining screws where the two bands meet is flattened without forming a rib-like projection therein. Each screw is caused to bite in the main band to reduce the thickness of its bitten part.

Abstract: A sun visor has a generally board shaped body of dark colored polypropylene particle foam with a depression in a main surface thereof. A shaped light colored body is inserted into the depression and is pressed against the bottom of the depression through simultaneous application of heat and pressure, for compacting and reshaping the shaped body to form a reflector. A mirror assembly is disposed over the reflector, and an illuminating device may be disposed there. Fastening pins and openings on the reflector in the mirror assembly and the illuminating device hold them together.

Abstract: A woven or non-woven fibrous material has a substrate formed of first and second thermoplastic fibers. The fabric is passed through an oven at a temperature sufficient to melt the first fibers thereby fusing at least some of the first fibers and second fibers one to the other. The second fibers retain their discrete definition within the composite whereby the composite is provided such that, when cut for use, for example, to form a slat of a vertical blind or a wall panel, the composite retains its shape. A foam backing is provided and cured in the oven simultaneously with the melting of the first fibers.

Abstract: A ceramic composite is provided comprising ceramic fibers, glass microballoons and/or diatoms, bound together with a ceramic reinforcing cloth with a sol-gel ceramic binder. The composite is particularly useful as a high strength, high temperature insulation material.

Abstract: A method of separately manufacturing a pallet platform and plural legs, both of cardboard construction material, at a manufacturing site contemplating assembly at a user's site, so that shipment therebetween is significantly enhanced by size reduction and ease of handling, wherein assembly at the site of use is in accordance with adhesive technology using cooperating adhesives which adhere only to each other so that these adhesives are also advantageously applied at the manufacturing site and do not detract from the facilitated shipment of the pallet components as might occur if inadvertent contact was made by these adhesives to surfaces other than each other.

Abstract: Producing a printed circuit board having at least two layers and having a carrier board, a first Conductor layer having contact areas and a second conductor layer having connecting areas, in which a conductive foil, provided with an adhesive coating, is laminated onto the carrier board having the first conductor layer and the contact areas, the adhesive coating an the conductive foal having holes which correspond with the contact areas of the first conductor layer.

Abstract: A protective sheet material of a laminate structure and a method of manufacture in which the sheet material has a plastic membrane layer joined to a layer of felt. Subsequent to the joining of the felt to the plastic membrane, the felt is saturated with petroleum wax including plasticizers and corrosion inhibitors. A second layer of felt can be joined to the opposite side of the plastic film to provide a sandwich of a plastic membrane between two layers of saturated felt. When this sheet material has been applied in an overlapping manner, there is a felt-to-felt seal at the overlap. The plastic and felt can be joined by heat fusion or by adhesives.

Abstract: Two-layer or multilayer printed circuit board, method of manufacturing such a printed circuit board, and laminate for the manufacture of such a printed circuit board by such a method.A two-layer or multilayer printed circuit board (1) comprises a support plate (2) which consists of a basic material and which carries a first conductor pattern (3) and a second conductor pattern (17) connected to the support plate (2) via an adhesive layer (11)consisting of an electrically insulating adhesive material. At least one opening (12, 13) is provided in the adhesive layer (1 1), which opening leads to a connecting section (4, 5) of the first conductor pattern (3) and to which a connecting section (18, 19) of the second conductor pattern (17) extends, and by means of which the connecting sections (4, 5, 18, 19) of the two conductor patterns (3, 17) can be electrically interconnected by means of an electrically conducting material connection (28, 29).

Abstract: A method is provided for making a lightweight composite panel in which an outer skin is developed by spraying a heat curable reactive urethane formulation onto a contoured heated surface of a mold cavity of a press mold and maintained thereon in a semi-cured state. A substrate-forming foam layer impregnated with a hardening compound is positioned against a second foam layer and the layers in turn laid over the semi-cured urethane skin. The foam layers are urged together within the mold under heat and pressure at a temperature sufficient to accelerate activating of the hardening compound to render the substrate-forming foam layer relatively stiff, hard and self-supporting and less compressible than that of the second foam layer, and to bond the foam layers to one another at their interface, while forcing the semi-cured skin material into interstices of the second foam layer and thereafter curing the skin producing a bond between the skin and the second foam layer.

Abstract: High-quality photovoltaic devices can be produced while lowering manufacturing costs by the inventive process. In the process, solar cells are manufactured, connected, and placed on one or more curable plastic sheets at a solar cell manufacturing plant. The plastic sheets are then heated at a sufficient temperature to bond the plastic sheets to the solar cells without a substantial amount of curing and polymerization of the plastic sheet. The plastic sheet is then cooled. The plastic sheet can be coated with a protective water-resistant coating. The partially cured photovoltaic subassembly is subsequently shipped to a manufacturing facility, such as a glass plant or automobile plant, where it is contacted with a glass support member providing a superstrate or a substrate. The plastic sheet of the photovoltaic subassembly is then fully cured, polymerized, and bonded to the glass superstrate or substrate.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously vacuum forming a plastic article and integrally joining a device thereto is disclosed wherein a lock defining surface is formed on an anchoring end of the device, a heat activated adhesive is applied to the lock defining surface, and air is drawn through vacuum holes in the mold surface that defines the shape of the article and is also drawn through vacuum holes in the lock defining surface to draw a heated sheet of thermoplastic material onto the mold surface and also into interlocking relationship with the lock defining surface to form the article and to mechanically interlock and adhere the device to the formed article.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a mechanical lock between two surfaces by providing particulate granules between the surfaces and forcing the surfaces toward one another at a pressure sufficient to embed a substantial number of the particulate granules in both of the surfaces. The method is preferably utilized during the formation of a hem flange, so as to provide immediate handling strength to the hem flange without the need for adhesive compositions.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device, particularly a dispersion-type liquid crystal electrooptical device, which comprises a pair of substrates having incorporated therebetween a light-control layer comprising a transparent solid and a liquid crystal material and spacers, said substrates having provided thereon electrode layers and at least one of the substrates being transparent, is disclosed. The method comprises:coating the electrode layer side of one of the substrates with a material which gives the light-control layer; and, laminating and fixing the pair of substrates to give a predetermined layered structure.The spacers are uniformly disposed between the substrates by dispersing spacers on one of the electrode layers or on the light-control layer or applying a mixture comprising spacers, a liquid crystal material and a material for providing a transparent solid on one of the electrode layers.

Abstract: A composite roofing material includes a flexible rubber or thermoplastic sheet and a fleece-like matting with a polymeric film positioned therebetween. The polymeric film acts as a hot melt adhesive to cause the matting to adhere to the rubber or thermoplastic sheet. The composite material is made by abrading one side of the rubber or thermoplastic sheet, washing the abraded sheet, stretching the sheet, heating the rubber or thermoplastic sheet and then compressing the heated rubber or thermoplastic sheet together with the polymeric film and the fleece-like matting. By using a polymeric film and matting which is slightly narrower than the rubber or thermoplastic sheet, a selvedge is created along each longitudinal edge of the resultant roofing material to one of which a double sided tape can be adhered to facilitate sealing adjacent sheets of roofing material together.

Abstract: A rack for supporting and accurately positioning rolls of web material (16-24) comprises a base member (10) having an upper surface (12) on which a plurality of support members (14, 26-32) are mounted by a plurality of individually removable brackets (34-40), the support members engaging axially extending ends (24) of the cores (18) of the rolls. A fixture (48-72, 88, 90) and method for assembling such a rack are described.

Abstract: A method is provided for assembling thermal ink-jet printheads. The method comprises: (a) providing a circuit layout comprising a first substrate, a plurality of conductive traces thereon in a pre-selected pattern, and a plurality of openings through the substrate defining ink-jet nozzles; (b) providing a die layout comprising (1) a plurality of resistors, each resistor formed on a second substrate and matched to an opening and (2) a plurality of channels formed in a barrier material and matched to a portion of the plurality of conductive traces; (c) interlocking plurality of conductive traces with the plurality of channels to align each resistor with a respective one of the openings; and (d) laminating those portions of the first substrate that contact the barrier to the barrier so as to bond the two layouts together. In one embodiment, the resistors are each formed in a well defined in a layer of the barrier material already on the substrate, which is extended to encompass the resistors.

Abstract: An aircraft wing, a fusion bonded thermoplastic fixed leading edge structure for aircraft aerodynamic surfaces and a method of manufacture are provided. The fixed leading edge structure comprises a leading edge skin (28), one or more aerodynamic profile defining stiffening members (17, 18) spaced spanwise therewithin and a sub-spar. Each of the components are of low modulus consolidated composite material and the leading edge skin (28) is attached to the stiffening members (17, 18) and to the sub-spar by a fusion-bonding thermoplastic process.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a card ornamented with a plant or another material. The card comprises a flexible sheet covered on both surfaces with sheets of plastic material that are thermowelded and a plant or other material is applied to the flexible sheet. The plant or other material is first subject to pressure, then dried at an ambient temperature, then subject to a disinfectant wash. The plant is adhered to the flexible sheet. The plastic sheets are placed over the flexible sheet and are thermowelded at an elevated temperature and pressure for sterilization, completing the card. Thermowelding the plastic sheets to the flexible sheet under pressure and temperature is effective for sterilizing the plant or other material.

Abstract: A mixture for affixing dice to a substrate includes a thermoplastic polyimide, a solvent for the polyimide, and a solvent which does not dissolve the polyimide but adds thixotropicity to the mixture. The mixture is applied to the substrate, the dice are placed thereon, and the solvents are evaporated to bond the dice to the substrate. The bond is radiation hard and exhibits high shear pull strength. A poor solvent for the polyimide, sprayed over the dice and exposed portions of die attach material, causes some polyimide to precipitate out of solution in the exposed portions of die attach material to form a grid that extends between the dice and prevents the dice from "swimming together" during high temperature processing. In a solvent die-attachment method, the substrate is first coated with a mixture of die attach material, and the mixture is dried. Spraying a solvent over the die attach material causes the material to soften so that the dice applied thereto may adhere.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board in which fine copper circuit patterns are transferred onto a thermoplastic resin, without producing a large amount of waste liquors in which copper is dissolved unlike in a subtract method.

Abstract: A plurality of optical fibers (13) are first bonded to an upper surface of a flat flexible plastic substrate (12). The optical fibers are covered with a layer (20) of thermoplastic material to form a composite structure comprising the thermoplastic material, the optical fibers and the plastic substrate. The composite structure is then compressed at a first elevated temperature and at a first relatively high pressure which are sufficient to bond or tack the thermoplastic material to the plastic substrate. The temperature of a composite structure is then cool while maintaining the first relatively high pressure. Thereafter, a second elevated temperature is applied to the thermoplastic material while compressing the composite structure at a second pressure.

Abstract: A pair of thermoset composite structures (19,19') are bonded together by a pair of adhesive strips (10,10'). An adhesive strip (10) is comprised of a layer of semi-crystalline thermoplastic material (12), a layer of amorphous thermoplastic material (14), a layer of dry fiber reinforcement (16) partially embedded in the layer of amorphous thermoplastic material (14), and a layer of thermosetting resin (18) covering the exposed fibers of the dry fiber reinforcement. An adhesive strip is bonded to the bonding surface (20) of the structure (19) during the curing process for the thermoset composite structure. A resistance heating element is placed between the bonding surfaces (20,20'), the bonding surfaces (20,20') are pressed together, and electrical energy is passed through the heating element (24) to heat the joint and fuse the thermoplastic adhesive layers together.

Abstract: A method for producing a filter element has three steps. In first step, a filter body including at least one first passageway and at least one second passageway or clearance extends closely and substantially parallel to the first passageway and communicate with first hole through a filter material is formed. In second step, a sheet-shaped thermoplastic adhesive is arranged on one end of the filter body, the first passageway and the second passageway or clearance are open at the one end of the filter body. In third step, the sheet-shaped thermoplastic adhesive is melted by heating to close and seal an end of the second passageway or clearance at the one end of the filter body so that the passageways do not deform.

Abstract: A mixture for affixing dice to a substrate includes a thermoplastic polyimide, a solvent for the polyimide, and a solvent which does not dissolve the polyimide but adds thixotropicity to the mixture. The mixture is applied to the substrate, the dice are placed thereon, and the solvents are evaporated to bond the dice to the substrate. The bond is radiation hard and exhibits high shear pull strength. A poor solvent for the polyimide, sprayed over the dice and exposed portions of die attach material, causes some polyimide to precipitate out of solution in the exposed portions of die attach material to form a grid that extends between the dice and prevents the dice from "swimming together" during high temperature processing. In a solvent die-attachment method, the substrate is first coated with a mixture of die attach material, and the mixture is dried. Spraying a solvent over the die attach material causes the material to soften so that the dice applied thereto may adhere.

Abstract: Flexible, self-supporting, air-permeable retroreflective sheeting comprising a two-sided, self-supporting, air-permeable web of thermoplastic filaments with retroreflective elements partially embedded in the filaments on one side of the web. On the other side of the web, the surfaces of the filaments are substantially free of retroreflective elements. In some embodiments, the web may be used as a bonding agent to secure the sheeting to a desired substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a foam base material product composed of a composite sheet having a surface layer and a foam base layer with a securing device fixed on the form base layer. The method includes the steps of preparing an insert part with the securing device integrally fixed thereto, the insert part being made of a beads foam derived from a resin, placing the insert part within a mold, placing the foam base material layer of the hot molten composite sheet on the mold so that it faces the insert part, and closing the mold whereby the composite sheet is formed and the composite sheet is integrally heat fused with the insert part. This method produces a foam base material product that is more durable and easier to assemble with an auto body than is the prior art.

Abstract: A method for producing a three dimensional plastic article having an insert. The three dimensional plastic article (20) is formed by exposing a liquid photopolymer or other material (14) capable of selective solidification or curing to a source of energy (10), preferably a laser beam (30). A portion of the three dimensional plastic article is formed by selectively exposing portions of the surface (12) of the liquid photopolymer to the laser beam. The insert (26) is placed onto the partially formed article (20), and the remainder of the article is formed by selectively exposing additional portions of the surface (16) of the liquid polymer to the laser beam, creating successive layers, whereupon a plurality of the layers form the three dimensional article (20). The insert (26) becomes an integral part of the completed three-dimensional article.

Abstract: A thick-film switch element includes a high-temperature glass frit fused to a ceramic substrate. A cermet layer having a low-temperature glass matrix is fired in a conventional furnace to sink into the glass frit layer such that the resulting thickness of the switch element layer is approximately equal to the original thickness of the glass frit layer. The exposed surface of the resulting thick-film switch element product is substantially smooth and the joint between the low-temperature cermet layer and the high-temperature glass frit layer is substantially uniform.

Abstract: Composite particleboards and methods for manufacturing these particleboards are provided in which a plurality of discrete lignocellulosic particles are bonded together to form a core and then hot pressed with a plurality of reinforced strips having a thickness of less than about 6.4 mm for improving the bending strength of the particleboard structure. Both the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of particleboard materials are demonstrated to have been improved significantly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removably mounting heat sinks on a chip carrying substrate by simultaneously applying pressure to both the heat sinks and the substrate. Also disclosed is a three dimensional heat sink having a plurality of spatially interconnected holes formed therein. The holes act as extended boiling surfaces which also promote agitation induced by bubble motion.

Abstract: A hinged flexible article is provided which has rigid or semirigid substrate means with an insert of a hinge material which permits repeated flexing of the article about the hinge without failure. The substrate means has a hardness of at least about 35 Shore D as measured by ASTM test D-2240, while the hinge material has a hardness of from about 25 to about 60 Shore D as measured by ASTM test D-2240.

Abstract: Ceramic insulation has a mat of intersecting, discrete ceramic fibers bonded with a sol-gel glass binder. A fabric-reinforced glass coating is bonded to at least one surface of the mat. The insulation is prepared by forming a slurry of ceramic fibers, molding the slurry to form a soft felt mat, drying the mat, and incrementally introducing the binder into the mat with a multiple-impregnation technique, which controls shrinkage of the ceramic fiber mat. The fabric-reinforced glass coating is formed by applying a glass fiber cloth to a surface of the ceramic fiber mat and coating the same with a powdered glass. The powdered glass is melted and cooled.The process provides a layering technique that permits formation of a continuous fibrous structure having layers that impart distinct characteristics at desired regions within the structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bellows in which the multi-layer cover which forms the bellows body consists of at least one carrier layer, an outer layer and an inner reinforcing layer, and the layers forming the cover are surface welded together.

Abstract: In an absorbent disposable article, such as in particular a diaper, in which an absorbent body is covered on one side by a liquid-impermeable protective sheet and on the opposite side by a porous layer, certain edge areas of the porous cover layer should be provided with a liquid-impermeable protective layer.This protective layer is formed as a prefabricated impervious sheet and possesses, before being placed on cover layer, on one side a smooth and the other side an extremely coarse surface. The impervious sheet serving as the protective layer penetrates essentially exclusively with its coarse surface areas inside the cover layer. Through the smooth side of this impervious sheet, an absolute imperviousness is assured. Because of the physical bond, which forms between the impervious sheet and the cover layer, the impervious sheet can be formed extremely thin, i.e., a minimum amount of material is sufficient for the impervious sheet.

Abstract: A fast-setting magnesium phosphate one-component adhesive/grout is used to bond tiles, e.g. ceramic tiles, to a substrate, e.g. sheet-rock. The grout comprises an activator prepared by e.g., mixing diatomaceous earth with at least a sufficient amount of an ammonium phosphate solution to form a paste then heating the paste to coat the pores of the diatomaceous earth and result in a dry solid which is then milled to yield the activator, magnesium oxide, diammonium phosphate, boric acid, and sufficient water to form a paste. This grout is applied to the surfaces to be bonded which are then brought together to form a composite which is allowed to set at ambient temperatures forming a durable bond in about three hours.

Abstract: A current assembly apparatus and associated method for producing laminated cards such as credit cards including providing means for feeding printed card sheets to a laminating station and at the same time feeding top and bottom overlay webs also to the laminating station. The top overlay web is provided with a series of parallel-disposed magnetic stripes. Means are provided for controlling the feeding of the top overlay web and the card sheets so as to feed them concurrently to form a lamination. Means are also provided for controlling the inter-positional relationship or registration between the card sheet and the overlay web to maintain a predetermined positional arrangement between the magnetic stripe and a predetermined position on the card sheet.

Abstract: In production of a planar wooden decorative article used for surface covering of furnitures and home interior decorations, a resin prepregnated sheet is prepared by impregnating a material sheet with hardenable resin solution and plurality of resin prepregnated sheets are combined with small wooden pieces to form a laminated composite which is then hardened by heating under pressure. The product has a rich woody impression due to inclusion of the small wooden pieces predominant in the surface region and high toughness coming from the laminated construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of fitting a plate member with at least one supportive or protective member of a synthetic resin by injection molding of the resin with insertion of, for each resin member, a predetermined marginal region of the plate member in the mold cavity. For example, a vehicle window glass is fitted with two holders to be coupled with a window regulator mechanism. To enhance strength of adhesion of the molded resin member(s) to the plate without making any mechanical or thermal treatment of the plate, the marginal region of the plate is closely covered with at least one sheet of plastic film, which has a thickness of 5 to 250 .mu.m and becomes a melt adhesive to both the plate and the molded resin at a temperature in the range from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C., prior to insertion of the marginal region of the plate into the mold cavity. For example, the plastic film is of an ethylene base copolymer.

Abstract: In encapsulated-lens reflective sheeting of the prior art, a monolayer of glass microspheres is embedded in a binder layer, a specularly reflective layer underlies the microspheres, and a cover film encapsulates the microspheres, within a plurality of hermetically sealed cells. In the invention, a HMW thermoplastic binder film, affords improved structural integrity, greater toughness, and better conformability to irregular surfaces without cracking. The cover film preferably is of the same polymer family as said binder film.

Abstract: Optically-readable identification means embedded in an article to be identified. One method of the invention is to apply the identification means to an article and then subsequently cover the article, at least in the area of the identification means, with a protective layer so that the identification means becomes an integral part of the article. In the case of fiberglass articles, the identification means is applied to the article before the final layer of epoxy or polyester is applied. In one preferred embodiment for high temperature applications, there is provided an embeddable bar code strip comprising a bar code which can withstand high temperatures disposesd on a polymeric carrier substrate which is stable at temperatures to at about 500 degrees Fahrenheit. This bar code is preferably iron powder placed on a polyimide substrate by means of xerographic copying. In another preferred embodiment, for nonreflective articles, one surface of the carrier substrate is coated with aluminum by vapor deposition.

Abstract: In production of a decorative article from piece board of a decorative plywood, a decorative sheet for the decorative plywood is formed by heat pressing a powdery sheet on a material sheet in order to simplify coating process.

Abstract: An air filter unit of the HEPA type having a filter core of zig-zag folded media enclosed by a four-sided frame having two side casings and two end casings. Each end casing includes a recess extending into the inwardly facing surface thereof and bounded on all four sides by marginal edge portions of the end casing. The end flaps of the folded media are adhesively secured to the inwardly facing surfaces of the side casings and the recesses in the end casings are filled with an adhesive initially in a flowable state and hardenable to a solid state. The zig-zag edges of the folded media are disposed entirely within the adhesive, as are tenons extending from the ends of the side casings, thereby forming a mortise type joint between the side and end casings. A plurality of channels, preferably of dove tail cross section, extend across and communicate with the recesses in the end casings.

Abstract: The flat electrical resistance heating element is intended principally for a household article having a heating surface.The heating element comprises a heating resistance cut out from a metal sheet (1) which is coated with a substrate (2) of electrically insulating material resistant to the heating temperature and adherent to the metal sheet (1) and to the material of which the support (5) of the heating surface of the article is made.Use principally in base-heated kitchen utensils and irons.