Abstract: A dispenser of viscous fluid, in at least one embodiment a hot melt glue adhesive, has a heater element, an adhesive source, a main common passage, and a series of valves that all fluidly connect to the main passage. A sheet of receiving material, such as an envelope, has hot melt glue applied to its surface as it passes under the series of valves. A variable amount of valves can be activated by moving control rods inwardly or outwardly of the main common passage. The moving control rods have indicator markers, a securing screw and are housed in U-shaped beds which collectively make adjusting the dispensing pattern very easy.

Abstract: A spreading head particularly for spreading one or more adhesives or mixtures of adhesives, of the hot-melt or cold type, comprising a body for conveying the one or more adhesives to an extrusion tool; the body has two or more ducts, which are all separate or of which two or more converge, and the tool has one or more first extrusion channels and/or one or more mixing chambers which are connected to one or more second extrusion channels, the first and/or second extrusion channels being optionally mutually superimposed and/or laterally adjacent.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional integrated circuit manufacturing method for temporarily attaching a chip to a transcription substrate, and securely detaching the chip from the transcription substrate when the chip is transferred to a supporting substrate. When a chip is temporarily attached to a transcription substrate, by evaporating a liquid existing between the chip and the transcription substrate, the solids of the chip and the transcription substrate can be attached to each other. Accordingly, the chip can be temporarily attached to the transcription substrate so as not to be deviated from its own position. Further, by setting adhesive strength between the chip and a supporting substrate to be higher than that between the chip and the transcription substrate, the chip can be securely detached from the transcription substrate when the chip is transferred from the transcription substrate to the supporting substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying fluids such as adhesive, in particular hot melt adhesive, to a substrate. The apparatus includes a main body which can be connected to a fluid source, an application valve for selectively interrupting or enabling a flow of fluid, and a nozzle arrangement arranged on the main body for applying the fluid. The nozzle includes a distributor passage communicating with the fluid source, and the nozzle arrangement has at least one outlet opening for delivery of the fluid, which communicates with the distributor passage, and a closure body arranged movably in the distributor passage for varying the length, which can be acted upon with fluid, of the distributor passage. The distributor passage is provided in a one-piece portion of the nozzle arrangement.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a taping tool for taping gaps, seams, and/or joints between wallboard members that includes a swivel joint. The taping tool has a first portion for receiving a flow of mastic, and a second portion for receiving the flow of mastic and for dispensing tape and mastic. The first and second portions define fluid communication paths therein for the flow of mastic therethrough. The taping tool also has a swivel joint intermediate the first and second portions that defines a fluid communication path therein allowing mastic to flow from the taping tool's first portion, through the swivel joint, and into the taping tool's second portion. The swivel joint also allows the taping tool's first portion to rotate relative to the taping tool's second portion through an angle of 360 degrees about the taping tool's longitudinal axis, while mastic is flowing through the taping tool.

Abstract: An automatic gluing mechanism includes a vertical board and a support rack and a power cylinder mounted to the vertical board. The mechanism includes a position adjusting member, a cam, two glue applicator tubes, a first connection block, two slidable members, a resilient element, and a stop block. The position adjusting member is slidably coupled to the vertical board and has an end coupled to the power cylinder and another end slidably coupled to the first connection block. The two slidable members are slidably mounted to the first connection block. The two glue applicator tubes are rotatably mounted to the two slidable members and connected to each other by the resilient element. The cam is mounted to the position adjusting member and forms a camming surface. The slidable members engage and follow the camming surface. The stop block is mounted to the support rack to stop the first connection block.

Abstract: An aspirating roller (1) for transferring labels, comprising at least a pair of pads (20;21) projecting relative to a lateral surface (1a) of the roller (1). The roller (1) is characterised in that at least a portion of the lateral surface (1a) of the roller (1) present between the pads (20;21) is elastically deformable. A method for removing/mounting an elastically deformable plate-like element (6), of the type present between a pair of pads (20;21) and defining a lateral surface (1a) of a roller (1) for transferring labels.

Abstract: A beverage bottling plant, a labeling machine for use in a beverage bottling plant, and a glue application device for use with a labeling machine in a beverage bottling plant.

Abstract: Advanced card machines and associated card merge methods are provided. A form may be provided from a first supply of forms to a first track that is configured to advance the form. A foldable payment card may be selected from a second supply of foldable payment cards, wherein the selection of the payment card does not result in the payment card being folded. The selected payment card may be advanced, without folding the payment card, along a second track to a position in which the payment card is supplied to the form Additionally, an adhesive may be applied to one of the form or the payment card, and the adhesive may attach the payment card to the form when the payment card is supplied to the form.

Abstract: An adhesive segment applicator apparatus is provided for use with an adhesive segment laden carrier release tape. The adhesive segment applicator has an adhesive dispensing wheel upon which a roll of adhesive segment carrier release tape is mounted and a take-up core system that prevents the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape from becoming loose or pulling away from the adhesive segment applicator apparatus when an adhesive segment is dispensed, in order easily to dispense an adhesive segment to a surface.

Abstract: A water feed device for feeding water to a moistener for moistening envelope flaps that is incorporated into a mail handling machine, the water feed device comprising a reserve stock of water from which a quantity of water flows to a reservoir of water with which the reserve stock of water is in communication, said quantity of water being suitable for imbibing a piece of foam soaking in said reservoir of water, said reserve stock of water being disposed in a receptacle that is mounted to move vertically between a low position and a high position, which positions correspond respectively to a low water level and to a high water level in said reservoir, it being possible for the receptacle to take up a plurality of other positions between said low and high positions.

Abstract: A trim part is aligned, via a flexible, split jig, to a finished primary surface and adhered by an epoxide to a secondary structural surface. An epoxide fixing accelerant is applied to the epoxide via the jig, whereby the trim part is rapidly rigidly affixed to the secondary structural surface. The jig is then removed via its being both split and resiliently flexed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for applying glue to fibers for the production of fiberboard, especially MDF board or similar wood material board. Said installation comprises a fiber feed unit having at least one fiber feed conduit which opens into a fiber exit tube via an arched fiber deflection element and receives the air that is used to transport the fibers, a chute which is located downstream of the fiber exit tube, a glue application device which is located e.g. between the fiber exit tube and the chute and which has spray nozzles for spraying the fibers that emerge from the fiber exit tube and enter the chute with drops of glue, and a collection device, located downstream of the chute and having a transport device for collecting and optionally carrying off the fibers.

Abstract: A system and method to attach an object to a support structure. The system includes an object attached to an elastic membrane. The elastic membrane includes a lower surface having a first and a second surface area. The first surface area extends peripherally along at least a portion of the lower surface and the second surface area is at least partially enclosed within the first surface area and separable from the support structure. The system further includes an absorbent material attached to the first surface area and an adhesive applied to a top surface of the support structure. The absorbent material being adapted to bond with at least a portion of the adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an angle adjusting structure for a Cartesian robot arm, comprising an angle adjusting element, a base, and a clamp. A motor transmission unit is disposed on the base, and an upper pulley, a lower pulley and a driving wheel are disposed on the base adjacent to the angle adjusting element. The driving wheel is connected to the motor transmission unit. The upper and lower pulleys clamp the angle adjusting element, and a drive belt is wound around peripheries of the upper pulley and the driving wheel. The clamp is secured to a face of the angle adjusting element opposite to the base, and a glue dispensing needle is disposed at one end of the clamp. The motor transmission unit rotates the driving wheel to drive the drive belt, so that the angle adjusting element is displaced and thus to change a glue dispensing angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved glue roll to be used mainly in labelling machines for labelling containers such as bottles, particularly for cold glue labelling groups. In particular, the present invention relates to a gluing group (10) comprising a glue roll (1) and a frame (14) for mounting the said gluing group (10) to a labelling machine, characterised in that the said glue roll (1) comprises motor means (2), having a stator (4) and a rotor (5), and gluing means (3) mounted on said rotor (5).

Abstract: Provided is an adhesive injection device for injecting an adhesive between the substrates of laminates which each comprise at least two substrates that face each other. The adhesive injection device is provided with: a cassette which holds multiple laminates aligned along the direction of lamination of the substrates; and an adhesive injector which injects adhesive into each inter-substrate space, as the laminates are being held in the cassette, so that the actions of injecting the adhesive into each inter-substrate space overlap chronologically. Holding multiple laminates in the cassette makes it possible to treat the multiple laminates as a unit. By injecting adhesive into each inter-substrate space, as the laminates are being held, so that the actions of injecting the adhesive into each inter-substrate space overlap chronologically, the injection of adhesive into multiple laminates is simplified, and the time required for injection can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adhesive application apparatus for use with an assembling machine for assembling operatively upper and lower components for carrying printhead integrated circuits. The application apparatus includes a plate and a dispensing mechanism which includes an adhesive reservoir, said mechanism being operatively engaged with said plate in a sealing and sliding manner, the mechanism configured to dispense adhesive onto the plate when sliding along the plate. The apparatus also includes a displacement mechanism to slide the dispensing mechanism along the plate, and a control system to control operation of the dispensing and displacement mechanisms.

Abstract: A drywall trim application device that can hold a large role of drywall flex corner trim material and, as the material is being dispensed, pre-crease or form the material for use on an inside or outside corner, or any angle within the range of the trim material, apply a mastic material (drywall mud, adhesive or any other bonding medium) to the flex trim material, and cut the material at any desired length automatically. Measurements may be either input by hand or down loaded from an electronic measurement tool into this device. This invention can generally store multiple measurements such as length and angles, measure the length of flex trim material as it is dispensed from the device, crease the material, apply predetermined amount of mastic, and automatically cut the flex trim material to each length previously input.

Abstract: Device for gluing two or more paper webs or plies, comprising gluing means destined to apply glue to a paper ply (N2) and pressure means which are located downstream of said gluing means and press more paper plies (N1, N2; N3) onto each other determining their coupling. The said gluing means comprise at least one body (1) provided with corresponding reliefs (R1) which apply the glue on predetermined gluing zones or areas of a paper ply (N2) advancing along a predetermined direction (F2) and the said at least one gluing body (1) is the final roller of a gluing unit (C).

Abstract: A dispenser for dispensing a viscous substance and tape. The dispenser has a housing with an interior. An intake channel, main conduit, and tape channel are located within the interior. The intake channel receives the viscous substance and is in fluid communication with the main conduit. A first outlet is coupled with the main conduit for dispensing the viscous substance. The tape channel has an elongate slot adjacent the first outlet for dispensing the tape. A piston is slidable within the main conduit between a closed position blocking the flow of substance from the intake channel into the main conduit and an open position allowing substance to flow from the intake channel into the main conduit. The piston is pre-tensioned biasing the piston to the closed position.

Abstract: A printer includes a driving station. The driving station includes a pair of pinch rollers between which print media can be fed. A printing station is configured to print upon the fed print media. An adhesive application station is configured to apply adhesive to the printed print media. A tray assembly includes a tray in which the printed print media can collect in a stack, and a vibrator configured to vibrate the tray.

Abstract: Multiple types of adhesives contained in separate containers are transferred from a supply of adhesives to a substrate. A first stamping pin is moved to a position of a first container containing a first adhesive, and the first adhesive is transferred with the first stamping pin from the first container to the substrate before bonding a first die onto the first adhesive. A second stamping pin is then moved to a position of a second container containing a second adhesive, and the second adhesive is transferred with the second stamping pin from the second container to the substrate before bonding a second die onto the second adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for applying glue to fibers for the production of fiberboard, especially MDF board or similar wood material board. Said installation comprises a fiber feed unit having at least one fiber feed conduit which opens into a fiber exit tube via e.g. an arched fiber deflection element and receives the air that is used to transport the fibers, a chute which is located downstream of the fiber exit tube, a glue application device which is located between the fiber exit tube and the chute and which has spray nozzles for spraying the fibers that emerge from the fiber exit tube and enter the chute with drops of glue, and a collection device, located downstream of the chute and having a transport device for collecting and optionally carrying off the fibers and a suction device for suctioning air from the chute through the transport belt.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of high speed manufacture of swatch bearing sheets wherein each sheet is directed through various operating stations via sequentially releasing a suction force from an endless vacuum belt conveyor while sequentially pulling the sheet onto another endless vacuum belt conveyor with a suction force to allow for substantially continuous engagement of the sheet with the endless vacuum conveyors during the manufacture and inspection of the sheets.

Abstract: As adhesive applicator head for use on an assembly line apparatus dispenses adhesive in a non-contact manner to produce a wide band of adhesive on a moving substrate. The applicator head comprises an upper body secured to a lower body and at least one nozzle mounted therewithin. An adhesive manifold within the applicator head ensures a steady flow of adhesive to tips of the nozzles. An air manifold within the applicator head is in communication with opposed pin holes positioned alongside each nozzle and oriented so that high velocity air exits the pin holes and flows along a nozzle tip of the nozzle. The high velocity air encounters freshly dispensed adhesive at the nozzle tip and causes it to leave the tip in a back-forth manner to result in a scribble pattern on the substrate. The scribble pattern's width is well defined. It is determined primarily by side to side placement of the nozzles in the applicator head at about the adhesive band width desired.

Abstract: The invention teaches a new way to make mesh bags using adhesive labels and continuous mesh tubing. Using adhesive labels on continuous mesh tubing is made possible by guiding the mesh tubing both on the outside of the tubing and the inside of the tubing so that an adhesive label does not stick to the mesh surface on the other side of the mesh tubing. As a result the invention also teaches a new type of mesh bag made with this process and a new machine used for making mesh bags.

Abstract: An automatic device for perimetric sealing of an insulating glazing unit composed of at least two glass panes and at least one spacer frame supported and movable in a slightly inclined position with respect to the vertical on a conveyor. A sealing head movable with relative motion with respect to the glazing unit has at least one sealing nozzle suitable to deliver a sealant flow. In order to maintain the correct mutual position of said at least one sealing nozzle with respect to the cavities of the glazing unit to be sealed and to allow the spacing of the nozzle therefrom, a sensor is provided transversely to the plane of the insulating glazing unit that detects the distance from the glass pane. An actuation mechanism is further provided for the relative motion between the sealing head and nozzle and the glazing unit.

Abstract: Apparatus and method in the use thereof attaches an annular transponder unit to an annular tire surface, the transponder unit being of a type having a sensor housing coupled to an annular antenna. The apparatus includes a rotary turntable for supportably rotating a tire having an annular tire surface in an accessible disposition and an arm proximately disposed to the turntable and having end-of-arm tooling for attaching the transponder unit section by section to the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. The tooling includes a gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing and placing the sensor housing at a preselected location on the annular tire surface and a guide mechanism engaging the annular antenna and positioning the annular antenna section by section along the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated.

Abstract: A tissue manufacturing/handling device is provided. The device comprises a reel turn-up section including a tissue reeling station and an adhesive application system. The tissue reeling station is configured to provide a tissue spool in the path of an advancing tissue web. The adhesive application system is configured to apply a turn-up adhesive to the advancing tissue web or the tissue spool and comprises an adhesive spray rack. The spray rack comprises at least one adhesive applicator nozzle coupled to an adhesive manifold via an adhesive valve assembly. The spray rack comprises a rotation mechanism configured to permit reciprocal rotation of the spray rack about an axis substantially parallel to the spray rack axis between a spray position and at least one maintenance position. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making expandable honeycomb structures suitable for use as window coverings is provided. Material is fed to a folder and past a cutter. Adhesive is applied to the material downstream of the cutter and the material is cut to desired lengths. The cut strips of material are stacked with similarly formed strips to form the honeycomb structure.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for unloading a film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition. A coated film is transferred from a film cassette and immediately laminated to a protective film while minimizing touching, creasing or cracking the coated film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for applying semiconductor chips (5) to a plurality of carriers (4), especially smart card modules or flexboards. According to the invention, an adhesive application device (1) is used to apply an adhesive to pre-defined positions on the carrier (4), a fitting device (2) is used to apply the semiconductor chips (5) to the positions on the carrier (4), and a hardening device (3) is used to harden the adhesive. The hardening device (3) and/or another device can be connected to a conveyor belt (6) for transporting the carrier (4) along the devices, by means of a clamping device (13, 14), and can be displaced in the transport direction at the speed of the conveyor belt (6), by means of a lifting device (15).

Abstract: A label for a container is formed by wrapping a length of label material around a cylindrical mandrel and introducing heat, adhesive or other sealing means into a gap between the leading end portion of the label material and the trailing end portion as the label material is wrapped around the mandrel. The cylindrical sleeve is slid off of the mandrel and telescoped over a container passing thereunder. The container with a cylindrical sleeve therearound is then moved to a heating station which heats the label material, preferably foam polystyrene, to cause it to shrink into conformity with the contour of the container.

Abstract: A label for application to a surface having at least one compound curve is provided. The label comprises a heat shrinkable film having an inner surface and outer surface and a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive on the inner surface of the heat shrinkable film.

Abstract: A labeling apparatus and method for applying individual labels onto individual objects moving along a conveyor includes a label delivery mechanism configured to hold a plurality of the labels and operable to deliver individual ones of the labels adjacent to the conveyor. A non-contact adhesive spray applicator including at least one nozzle having a plurality of individual adhesive discharge orifices may be positioned and arranged to discharge adhesive from the orifices onto either the labels or the objects such that the labels may be respectively adhered to the objects.

Abstract: A drywall tape or trim dispensing tool of the type similar to those sold under the name BAZOOKA with an elongated handle and a tape or trim dispensing head. The head can contain a blade coupled to a power mechanism such as a spring, hydraulic or electric energy source where the blade can be placed into a cocked position by a cocking mechanism and then triggered by a pull on a remote trigger located on the handle. After the device is cocked, the user can dispense tape or trim to a desired length and then cut it exactly by a simple trigger pull.

Abstract: Provided is a printing arrangement having a driving station operatively driving print media along a path, an adhesive application station to apply adhesive to the print media, and a printing station to print upon the print media. The printing arrangement has a page binding support tray having a tray, a vibrator and a binding press. The tray is suspended from a frame via dampers, said tray operatively receiving the print media after printing and after the adhesive has been applied. The vibrator is arranged below a corner of the tray, and the binding press is arranged on the frame over the adhesive and configured to bind the print media by applying pressure to the adhesive.

Abstract: An automatic nose strip bonding apparatus for a face mask is disclosed, including a nose strip providing mechanism, a nose strip turnover mechanism, and a press-to-bond device. The nose strip providing mechanism drives a nose strip forward and carries out stamping operation on the nose strip, and applies a bonding agent to the nose strip. The nose strip turnover mechanism serves to turn over the nose strip that has already been applied with the bonding agent to allow the surface of the nose strip on which the bonding agent is applied to face a face mask. The press-to-bond device includes a first bonding device and a second bonding device to attach the nose strip to the face mask and to carry out a secondary bonding operation, respectively, to ensure firm bonding of the nose strip to the face mask.

Abstract: Provided is a glue wheel arrangement for a printer having an integral page binding arrangement. The glue wheel arrangement is configured to apply glue to an edge of a sheet of paper passing through the printer. The glue wheel arrangement includes a glue wheel and a partially hollow axle connected to the glue wheel, said axle having a rotating coupling for a glue supply hose from a glue cartridge of the printer. The arrangement also includes a housing assembly arranged on the wheel and configured to expose the wheel when urged towards the sheet. A media feed assembly feeds the sheet of paper from the printer past the glue wheel to the binding arrangement.

Abstract: A machine for making collapsible cellular structures folds two fabric webs into a V-shape or C-shape, connects the webs together with strands of adhesive, applies glue lines and collects the webs on a wheel. A variable speed motor, a fabric drive system which enables glue to be applied when the fabric is not stretched and a lay-on wheel assembly with movable arm that directs the fabric onto the collector can be provided in the machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for surface-to-surface application of a liquid media to a substrate. The apparatus comprises a housing and a device movably mounted within the housing. The housing has an external surface and an outlet. The device has an outer surface and an inner cavity for receiving the liquid media. The outer surface includes at least one recess in flow communication with the inner cavity such that liquid media can be delivered from the inner cavity to the recess. As the device moves within the housing, the at least one recess periodically passes by the outlet such as to apply to a substrate being conveyed past the outlet, in surface-to-surface contact with the external surface of the housing, a liquid media in a pattern corresponding in shape to the recess.

Abstract: The cover film sticking device is capable of securely sticking cover film pieces on specimen samples on all slide glasses stored in a basket, which starts to stick the cover film pieces formed, by cutting off long cover film unwound from a film roll to a specified length on the specimen samples on the plurality of slide glasses stored in the basket 26 taken out from a load tank 12 filled with a volatile protective solution. The sticking device is characterized by cover film length securing means for unwinding the long cover film from the film roll and extending the same until reaching cutting means so as to secure the cover film of such a length that can form the cover film pieces to be stuck onto the specimen samples on the maximum number of the slide glasses storable in the basket 26 taken out from the load tank 12.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method of bonding garments with elastomers and particularly to a system and method to cut and hem in a garment in a continuous process and also a system and method to incorporate an elastic strip into a garment in a continuous process and a system and method to provide computer control of hemming, bonding, gathering and inserting an elastic strip into a garment.

Abstract: A printer includes a driving station configured to drive print media between a pair of pinch rollers. A printing station is configured to print upon the driven print media. An adhesive application station is configured to apply an adhesive to the print media. A collection station is configured to collect a stack of printed print media bearing adhesive. The collection station includes a binding press configured to bind the stack together.

Abstract: A shuffling hand feeling and unwanted non-uniform absorption characteristics in the case of using a tow (fiber bundle) are prevented. An absorbent body includes a fiber aggregate 21 formed by opening the tow, a super absorbent polymer 54, and a sheet covering these components; and includes the super absorbent polymer 54 bonded to the sheet 58 with an adhesive that is applied in a continuous plane to the entire surface or the substantially entire surface of at least the portion to be provided with the super absorbent polymer 54 in this sheet 58.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for applying glue to fibers for the production of fiberboard, especially MDF board or similar wood material board. Said installation comprises a fiber feed unit having at least one fiber feed conduit which opens into a fiber exit tube via an arched fiber deflection element and receives the air that is used to transport the fibers, a chute which is located downstream of the fiber exit tube, a glue application device which is located e.g. between the fiber exit tube and the chute and which has spray nozzles for spraying the fibers that emerge from the fiber exit tube and enter the chute with drops of glue, and a collection device, located downstream of the chute and having a transport device for collecting and optionally carrying off the fibers.

Abstract: A plurality of adhesive dots are dispensed, and a characteristic for each of the plurality of adhesive dots is measured. An average and statistical dispersion for the measured characteristics of the plurality of adhesive dots are determined. The average in then compared to a function of a reference characteristic value and the statistical dispersion. A change to be made to a physical parameter of a subsequent adhesive dot is determined based at least in part on the comparison, and the subsequent adhesive dot is dispensed onto a subsequent disk drive suspension based at least in part on the change.

Abstract: This invention provides joining methods of single veneer piece and a joining apparatus, which can produce more efficient, and effective joining process than the conventional method and apparatus produce. In the process of carrying a single veneer piece (T) in the orthogonal direction against the joining edge (Te) on the conveyor, the joining edges of the preceding and succeeding single veneer pieces come close together, the adhesive material (Sd) is supplied to the clearance between the joining edges, and then the adhesion enhancing action is supplied to the said adhesive material (Sd) to join each single veneer piece (T) successively. The adhesion enhancing action can be applied within the adhesion enhancing section as indicated by lines (Z1) and (Z2), provided on the farther side from the edge approaching position (U) via an adhesion enhancing component (6) to move back and forth at any time while the single veneer piece (T) is being carried or such a motion is halted.

Abstract: Method of producing a shielding casing (4) in which there is provided a sealing and shielding profile section (9) which fills a gap between first and second adjoining casing portions (1, 2) and which comprising pasty material is applied under pressure from a coordinate-controlled applicator device (5) having an applicator needle or nozzle directly on to onto the first casing portion and then sets there elastically adhering thereto in self-supporting relationship, wherein the sealing and shielding profile section is produced by simultaneously applying at least one first material (8a) with material properties adapted for a good sealing action and a second material (8b) with material properties adapted to a good shielding action, from the applicator needle or nozzle (6) provided with at least a first and a second passage (6a, 6b), whereby the second material firmly adheres to the first material.