Abstract: A shoe insert for use with a shoe or sneaker to reduce impact to the foot and to absorb shock and attenuate shock to the foot. The insert is comprised of a base layer of a relatively resilient material, a foam layer disposed over the base layer, a fabric disposed over the foam layer and means integrally forming the base layer, foam layer and fabric into a sheet tri-laminate. A support layer is disposed only at the heel area and is constructed of a rigid material of higher density than that of the tri-laminate. Means are provided for attaching and forming the tri-laminate with the support layer.

Abstract: Method for heating a heat-shrinkable pipewrap wherein the heat for shrinking is applied simultaneously throughout the periphery of the pipewrap surface; and novel apparatus useful therefor.

Abstract: Apparatus for bonding or joining confronting edges of flights of adjacent integrally molded screw conveyor modules is disclosed. The apparatus comprises means for supporting a plurality of the modules in axial alignment and with confronting edges of the module flight members in confronting relationship. Also included is a clamping means for enclosing and maintaining the confronting edges in a fixed position. The clamping means includes at least one passage extending from outside the clamp to a position inside the clamp between the confronting edges. A heated gas such as nitrogen is provided through the passage to the confronting edge to heat the edges substantially to the melting point of the plastic modules. Subsequent to heating the edges with the hot gas, a liquid plastic material under selected temperature and pressure is injected through the clamp passage and into the space between the confronting flight edges to fill the space between the edges and to bond the flights together.

Abstract: An applicator for applying sheet material to roofs, floors and the like that includes a frame with a mount for a roll supply of the sheet material. A heater heats the lower surface of the sheet material as it is applied and a seam heater heats the upper surface of an adjacent section of previously applied sheeting material as the subsequent sheet is applied in an overlapping relationship. A roller compresses the overlapping seam until plasticized or liquid roofing material extrudes therealong to provide a visual determination that a proper seal has been formed between the adjacent sections of material.

Abstract: A method for jointing ceramic elements is disclosed. Ceramic elements to be joined are arranged between a pair of torces each having a nozzle for spouting combustion gas.The joint line of ceramic elements is first heated by flames of combustion gas spouted from each nozzle and, then, a high voltage is applied between said pair of torches. Ceramic elements are joined by said heating and applying a high voltage between torches.

Abstract: A method of making a laminated structure for use in an electrical apparatus. A female mold is produced having an upwardly facing cavity of a shape corresponding to the laminated structure. A layer of a ferrous metal is sprayed onto the bottom surface of the mold and subsequently an electrically insulated layer is applied to the layer of metal. Alternate layers of the ferrous metal and the insulating layer are deposited in the cavity of the mold to provide a laminated structure in which the metal and insulating layers are integrally bonded together. Through use of the method of the invention, a ferrous metal with the most desirable electrical characteristics can be employed.

Abstract: The surface of a molten polymer is treated with a flame as the polymer is extruded; the polymer is co-calendered with a substrate as a fibrous web immediately downstream from the extruder and the flame. Articles so treated exhibit superior bond strengths. In one embodiment, both the polymer and the web are treated with a flame prior to the step of co-calendering.

Abstract: A roofing method comprises applying to a roof deck a self-adhesive sheet comprising an adhesive and waterproofing layer of bituminous compound so that the sheet adheres to the deck over an area of 10-50% of the total sheet area and water vapor passing through the deck may escape laterally; rendering the upper surface of the sheet adhesive, for example by torching; optionally applying insulation board and a further self-adhesive sheet, and applying a final waterproofing sheet. The use of hot bitumen is completely avoided, the formation of waterproof and insulated roofs is simplified and economies are offered.

Abstract: A shoe insert for use with a shoe or sneaker to reduce impact to the foot and to absorb shock and attenuate shock to the foot. The insert is comprised of a base layer of a relatively resilient material, a foam layer disposed over the base layer, a fabric disposed over the foam layer and means integrally forming the base layer, foam layer and fabric into a sheet tri-laminate. A support layer is disposed only at the heel area and is constructed of a rigid material of higher density than that of the tri-laminate. Means are provided for attaching and forming the tri-laminate with the support layer.

Abstract: A process for bonding the surfaces of two polymeric materials and an improved optocoupler manufactured therewith is provided. Optocouplers are typically manufactured with the emitter and detector devices enclosed within a coupling material such as silicone gel for providing an electrical dielectric while being transparent to light. The coupling material is enclosed within an encapsulating material that is both reflective to light, protective against mechanical forces, and opaque to ambient light. The disclosed process bonds the coupling material to the encapsulating material to eliminate creepage paths and prevent the resultant voltage breakdown between electrodes along the interface of the two materials. The coupling material is treated so that active functional groups are formed on the surface, leaving it in an activated state. The surface of the second material is placed over the treated surface of the first material so that a chemical bond is formed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an implement for removing plastic sealing strips from joints between reinforced concrete elements. The cutting implement provided for that purpose can easily be operated and can be used to provide a clean joint so that such operations can be performed more efficiently. The cutting implement comprises two parallel spaced apart cutting blades, which are transversely adjustable and adapted to extend into the joint containing the plastic sealing strip. The cutting blades are adapted to be longitudinally reciprocated in phase opposition by means of an eccentric or crank drive and are succeeded by conveying means for withdrawing the plastic sealing strip which has been severed on both sides.

Abstract: An improved method of adhering a waterproofing membrane to an underlayment and substrate is disclosed. A perforated underlayment comprising a tough, fibrous reinforcing base layer or matting impregnated with a bitumen/polymer mixture substantially similar to the bitumen/polymer mixture of the waterproofing membrane is placed on a substrate. The exposed underside of the waterproofing membrane is heated until it reaches a softening point. Thereafter, the membrane is unrolled onto the underlayment whereby the membrane and the underlayment are bonded essentially into a single ply. Additionally, when the membrane is unrolled, the bitumen/polymer mixture is sufficiently molten to flow and pass through the openings of the perforations thereby bonding the final waterproofing membrane to the substrate.

Abstract: This invention concerns treatment of the heat-fusible materials by use of a fusing agent, according to which a fusing agent capable of producing red hot "embers" by combustion is applied to the surface of a worked object such as a sign formed from a heat-fusible material and worked at a construction site or to the area to be newly worked, and then said fusing agent is ignited and burned so that the combustion heat of the resultantly produced "embers" is directly conducted to the material to be worked to thereby remove the fused material from the worked area or fuse and affix the material to the working area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for attaching plastic ends to plastic or plastic coated rims of container bodies by heating the ends, to soften the material of the rims, and then spin welding the ends on the bodies.

Abstract: A receiver for casting molten material formed by the steps comprising forming a mixture comprising particulate ceramic powders and a binder; adding the mixture to a mold disposed to form board-like members and hardening the mixture; removing the hardened mixture from the mold; reducing the permeability of the board-like members, cementing the board-like members together to form a receiver and coating the receiver with release agents. Specifically, the receivers are used in the casting of high purity silicon for solar energy cells.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the bonding together of two similarly shaped articles of dissimilar thermoplastic materials utilizing oscillatory motion between the two articles combined with an external heat source to generate sufficient heat to form an hermetic seal therebetween.

Abstract: A method of producing a cleaning cloth having abrasive properties is disclosed. The method comprises passing a composite material consisting of a needle bonded fabric, a woven or knitted fabric and a layer of foamed synthetic plastics material past a heat source which is preferably a gas flame. The gas flame is directed at the stitches of the exposed face of the needle bonded fabric and the layer of knitted or woven fabric is sandwiched between the needle bonded fabric and the layer of foamed material. The stitches of the fabric form hard, abrasive nodules the arrangement of which varies with the stitch pattern.

Abstract: A planar element for the absorption of air-transmitted sound, includes a flexible layer of open-cell foam material including a surface having protuberances with peaks formed thereon, and a flat closed cover layer formed of synthetic foil material fastened to the peaks of the protuberances, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an insulating joint between a pair of end abutting rail sections of a railroad track includes the suspension of a pair of opposed fishplates at the rail joint at spaced distances outwardly of the rail sides, and simultaneously heating the rail sections and the fishplates to a predetermined temperature for activating a heat-activatable adhesive provided in fabric cuffs which are disposed between the fish surfaces and the fishplates. The fishplates are shifted along guide rods of their support assemblies inwardly toward one another into place against opposed fish surfaces of the rail sections, and are thereafter bolted in place. A device for fabricating the joint includes a box-like hood on which heaters are mounted, or a shear assembly supporting the heaters and being clamped onto the rail head. The heaters may be adjusted to accommodate various rail profiles.

Abstract: A laminated mineral fibre mat consisting of substantially randomly arranged mineral fibres which are held together by organic binders where they cross one another and which form the mat and of a lamination adhering to the mat by means of an organic adhesive, characterized in that a plane substantially free from organic binder is provided in the mat parallel to and in the vicinity of the lamination, whereby the laminated product is rendered fire resistant. The binder-free zone is created prior to lamination by removal of the binder from the mat.

Abstract: In the sealing of a glass container containing a product such as a food product by means of a cover comprising a metal foil having on one surface thereof a sealant layer of a thermoplastic resin, the opening end of the container is preheated, and the cover is placed on the opening end, after which the cover is pressed against the opening end successively by a heating plate and a separate pressing plate. By this process, a positive seal and a high sealing process efficiency are obtained even when the container content is a product such as a heated liquid food product and even when the rim surface of the opening end of the container has some projecting irregularities.

Abstract: A process for the production of a permanently bonded polyester-polyolefin film laminate is disclosed herein. The process involves exposing the surface of polyester or polyolefin film to contact with a flame so as to prime the surface thereof and thereafter coating the primed surface of the film with a layer of a molten polyolefin or polyester, respectively. Flame priming of the polyester or polyolefin film results in a permanent surface modification of the film. Thus, the time lapse between the priming of the polyester or polyolefin film and the subsequent coating with the molten polymer may be a matter of days, if desired.Multi-layer laminates which comprise a substrate-polyester-polyolefin laminate, e.g., paperboard-polyester-polyolefin laminates, can be provided by the process of the present invention by providing a previously formed laminate of a substrate and a polyester film and flame priming the polyester surface of the laminate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a means for manufacturing section multi-ply cardboard of narrow, less than 30 cm wide, thermoplastic-coated cardboard webs. The means comprises a heating means for heating cardboard webs which are conducted into the means with the aid of guides, substantially one above the other and mutually spaced, nozzles being disposed in the interstices of the webs to direct flames against the surfaces of the webs; a profilator with rolling members, into which the cardboard webs, heated of their surfaces, are conducted for pressing them together between the rolling members and for rolling to desired section or profile shape; and a cooling means for cooling the section or profile.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: Thermoplastic resin parts are opposingly placed from each other and a concentrated blast of hot air is applied to opposite areas of these parts to be welded while the parts are rotating. After melting the opposing areas of these parts by application of the hot air thereto, the parts are then forced into integral contact with each other.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: A machine installation for the manufacture of a thick-walled insulating pipe of elastic, laminatable foamed synthetic resin sheet material, includes an apparatus for effecting the lamination of a foamed synthetic resin sheet material to form a multilayer insulating pipe having a length corresponding to the sheet width of the sheet of foam material and a finishing unit. The laminating apparatus has an expandable and rotatable mandrel equipped with a pneumatic expanding means and an infinitely variable drive mechanisms for rotating the mandrel to wrap the sheet material thereon, and a pressure roller which can be urged against the mandrel. The roller is movable pneumatically by a telescopic holder, and the mandrel is associated with a pivotably mounted burner and a cutter.

Abstract: A method for forming a traffic regulating line or like sign on a roadway pavement even if the surface pavement is very wet and generally during very unfavorable weather, the method comprising maintaining the surface area on which the sign is to be formed and the means for forming it into a confined environment sheltered from the weather, and includes the sequential steps of washing said area, drying it and locally heating the pavement up to a temperature near to that at which a primer layer composition essentially melts where contacted to said surface, and then applying on said surface an at least predominantly thermoplastic primer layer and a sign forming tape material bonded thereabove. There is also described a machine designed to be driven along said road pavement and including means designed for performing the said sequential steps in said sheltered environment.

Abstract: A padded panel for a vehicle dashboard, console box or the like has an opening for mounting a desired article, such as an instrument, a switch, etc. The panel includes a base plate which is formed with a closed loop groove. A portion of a surface layer, which covers the base plate, is adhered to the surface of the groove to define a completely closed space therebetween. Foamable material is injected into the closed space and caused to foam and harden to form the pad. After completion of hardening of the pad, the base plate and the surface layer are cut along the inner periphery of the groove to form the opening. The bottom surface of the groove affords a seat to accurately position and positively mount the desired article.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of porous bodies from vitreous silica without the use of tools. Vitreous silica wool and/or threads are wound in layers on a form. After the coil has attained a certain minimum thickness, the threads of each succeeding layer are permanently bonded by heating the threads of the preceding layer at the points where the threads cross. The form is removed, and then the threads on the inside of the body are bonded together.The bodies are used for the production of high-purity blocks of silicon for solar cells.

Abstract: A reinforced bitumen pipe has an inner, strength-providing, reinforced thermosetting resin layer which is coated on its inner and outer sides with a bitumen layer. The bitumen layer on the inner side, and preferably also the bitumen layer on the outer side, is separated from the strength-providing reinforced thermosetting resin layer with the aid of an insulating glass fiber layer into which the thermosetting resin and the bitumen partially penetrate without finding their way up to each other.

Abstract: A predetermined length of rope is fed between drive and idler pulleys, through guides and into a heat die block. Heat is applied to the rope for a predetermined period after which the rope is cut by a solenoid actuated knife. The rope feeding and heating processes are controlled by counter actuated and time delay relay actuated switches, respectively. After the knife has cut the rope, it actuates a switch which resets the counter and the time delay relays at which time the next length of rope is fed through the machine, automatically.

Abstract: A method for preparing a glass container, and for sealing a glass mouth of a container and the seal are described. The sealing surface, or finish, of the container is subjected to a hot end treatment after forming and before annealing to enhance adhesion between the container finish and a thermoplastic membrane seal. The container is next annealed and after annealing is subjected to a cold end treatment in which the exterior container surface is coated with a material which enhances the lubricity and increases the abrasion and scratch resistance of the container. The container finish only is then subjected to a brief heat treatment sufficient to remove any lubricity enhancing material from the finish. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the container finish and heated causing glass-plastic adhesion and forming a closure.

Abstract: Thermoplastic resin parts are opposingly placed from each other and a concentrated blast of hot air is applied to opposite areas of these parts to be welded while the parts are rotating. After melting the opposing areas of these parts by application of the hot air thereto, the parts are then forced into integral contact with each other.

Abstract: Microporous polymeric material such as elastomeric polyurethane laminated to fibrous fabric by fusing projections integrally formed on such microporous material the projections being spaced or in an open pattern. The lamination may be effected by applying a flame to the projections or by otherwise supplying heat thereto to make them tacky and then pressing the fabric and tackified projection-carrying surface against each other to embed surface fibers of the fabric into the spaced tacky material.

Abstract: The apparatus and method for making a resin caulker 10 begins with continuous extrusion of a resin cylinder 15. A multimandrel indexing machine 20 has a receiving station 22 positioned to align an empty mandrel 21 with extruded cylinder 15 so a leading end 18 of extruded cylinder 15 advances onto empty mandrel 21. A cut off device 19 cuts cylinder 15 at a predetermined length to form a resin caulker barrel 11 supported on mandrel 21. Indexing machine 20 then moves cut off barrel 11 to an assembly station 23 and brings another empty mandrel 21 to receiving station 22. An end closure 12 is joined to cut off barrel 11 at assembly station 23; and successive stations 24-29 of the indexing machine finish, print, and dry the assembled caulkers while supported on mandrels 21.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for heat sealing flexible polyurethane foam, comprising:A. reacting and foaming a polyurethane foam produced by the steps comprising reacting:(I) an organic polyisocyanate;(II) a polyol having a molecular weight of 2,000 to 8,000 comprising the adduct obtained by sequentially reacting:(a) a polyhydroxyl initiator, with a functionality of 2 to 5 and a weight average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography of from 62 to 200; with(b) 10 to 90%, most preferably 10 to 50%, by weight, based on the total oxide present in (b)+(c)+(d), a first alkylene oxide; and subsequently reacting the product with(c) 10 to 80%, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total oxide present in (b)+(c)+(d), 4,4,4-trichloro-1,2-epoxybutane and/or epihalohydrin; and subsequently reacting the product with(d) 10 to 60%, most preferably 10 to 40%, by weight, based on the total oxide present in (b)+(c)+(d), a second alkylene oxide.

Abstract: In the manufacture of cylindrical tubes for containers, a foil web and at least one fibre web are helically wound on a heated, rotating mandril. The foil web is wider than the fibre web and its edges lie outside the long edges of the fibre web. The foil web and the fibre web are fed in to the mandril at an angle such that the free edges of the foil web are placed against each other and welded together.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making highly adhesive plastic top coatings, more particularly of polyurethane or thermoplastic polyester, on metallic substrates, particularly of braided or plaited wire layers, as pressure substrate, having an inner core of plastic, particularly a polymer of thermoplastic plastic, surrounded by the substrate, the plastic top coating being extruded in an extruder head onto the substrate, characterized in that the substrate having openings is prestressed then heated to approximately the temperature of the extrudate or the extruder head, so that there is generated in the inner core a radially directed prestress which forces at least part of the material thereof, while softening, through the openings in the substrate, and that thereafter a vacuum is created around the substrate or between the head and the flexible tube and that simultaneously with, or immediately after, the creation of the vacuum the top coating fusing intimately and/or bonding together with the material of the inner

Abstract: A machine for sealing together adjacent overlying edges of sheets of roofing material having facing bitumen compositions, the machine having a leading shoe for separating the overlying edges, heating jets or burners directed into the opening for softening the facing layers of bitumen material, a trailing guide shoe for guiding the upper sheet into contact with the lower sheet, a second set of heating jets or burners for heating the so joined edge and an adjacent roller for pressing the sheets together while providing uniform flow of the plastic heated bitumen.

Abstract: A method for bonding a molded component of soft polyvinyl chloride to a molded component to a polyolefin with the use of heat involves applying a layer of crosslinkable synthetic varnish resin containing an acrylic resin having hydroxyl groups to the surface of the molded component of soft polyvinyl chloride and bonding the layer and the associated soft polyvinyl chloride component to a molded component of polyolefin by flame lamination.

Abstract: A system for the manufacture of leatherlike materials, particularly for shoe uppers, which avoids pollution, toxicity and fire hazards and makes it possible for the shoe manufacturer to make his shoe upper materials as required with a minimum of investment in inventory of raw materials and with simple, relatively inexpensive equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of a first electrolessly applied layer of copper and a second electroplated layer. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolization of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube.

Abstract: A linear seal joining a plurality of polybutylene sheets is produced by (1) clamping the sheets between a pair of heat conducting members with free edges of the sheets protruding to form a relaxed skirt, (2) concentrating fusing heat on the skirt to form a tacky weld joining the free edges, and (3) subjecting the weld to an aqueous surfactant fluid by which unwanted tackiness of the weld is eliminated. Apparatus is disclosed for performing the foregoing process. A polybutylene product of the foregoing process is disclosed.

Abstract: A burner has a flame chamber formed by flat upper and lower walls connected by side walls and a front end wall, with a fuel inlet for connection to a fuel source and with an open rear end. A handle is connected with one side of the burner for inserting it between the overlapping layers of a lap joint of fusible roofing sheets for sliding it forward along the joint while flame issues from the rear end of the burner to fuse the overlapping layers together. A hold-down member normally is spaced above the burner, but a device is provided for lowering that member into close proximity to the burner for engaging the upper surface of the upper layer of the lap joint and holding that layer down on the burner as the burner is moved forward. The apparatus may also include a second shorter flame chamber disposed above the front portion of the other chmaber, with openings between them for flow of gas and flames from the lower chamber to the upper one.

Abstract: A fabric filter having a low pressure drop, a high collection efficiency and an excellent cleanability is produced by raising one surface of a woven or knitted fabric comprising thermoplastic polymer fibers, to form a fibril layer containing therein the thermoplastic polymer fibrils, bringing the fibril layer into contact with a heating medium to form networks of fuse- bonded thermoplastic polymer fibrils on the fibril layer surface, and optionally, calendering the fabric.

Abstract: The invention provides a dynamic system for heat-sealing an all-plastic material in a continuous process at high speed. The invention includes an all-plastic heat-sealable container material comprising a multiple-layer composite, in sheet form, including a core layer and at least one outer layer on one side thereof. The layers preferably comprise thermoplastic material, the core layer material having a higher softening point than the outer layer material. The composite sheet is conveyed through a converting, side-seaming or other apparatus at high speed, the system being tuned to dynamically heat the outer layers to a molten state for heat sealing, while the core does not soften but remains undistorted. The core is thus thermally insensitive to heat at speeds used in side-seaming the composite, and as such it supports and maintains the structure of the sealing outer layers on its exterior while they are in a molten condition.

Abstract: Method for making a tire whose white sidewall portion is created by, selectively, providing a circumferential groove in the molded tire, buffing the surfaces of the groove, placing an adhesive in the groove, heating the tire about 138.degree. C. to dry the adhesive, bringing the tire temperature to about 100.degree. C. and, while rotating the tire with the groove in a substantially horizontal plane, directing a stream of white polyurethane stock into the groove by means of an applicator which is formed to direct the stock in differing volumes into the bottom of the groove and laterally against its corners and sides; the white sidewall strip so formed has the shape of a concave meniscus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing the sizes of the kerfs of safety belts made from severed webs of woven synthetic filaments such as polyamide or polyester filaments. In the preferred method, a laser beam sweeps across the belt to vaporize some of the belt material and severs the same. Preferably, all four sides of the belt are confined as by means of a clamping pressure to restrict the growth or expansion of the filaments in the direction outwardly of the sides of the belt. The preferred apparatus has means for feeding the webs to the severing station and means for actuating the clamp into clamping engagement to confine the belts as well as a discharge feed means for discharging the severed belts from the severing station.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.