Abstract: A door operating system for moving a door about a vertical pivot axis between a closed position and an open position. The door operating system includes a driver including a free-ended output shaft and linkage for operably connecting the output shaft of the driver with door. An adjustable and selectively operable coupling is disposed between the free-end of the output shaft of the driver and the linkage. The adjustable coupling has a pair of coaxially spaced and adjustable interfaces. A first adjustable interface is defined between the free-end of the output shaft and the coupling while a second adjustable interface is defined between the coupling and the linkage whereby allowing for a high resolution, angular adjustment of the position of the door.

Abstract: A regulating valve for activating a strike function of a hydraulic door, gate, or window drive, in particular a hydraulic door closer, which is arranged in a hydraulic channel via which hydraulic fluid can flow, comprises a valve member which is axially displaceable in a valve bore between a closed position and an open position, is acted on in an opening direction by a spring unit, is acted on by the pressure in a pressure chamber in the closing direction and can be transferred into the open position thereof by the spring force of the spring unit when there is a drop in pressure in the pressure chamber below a predeterminable limit pressure.

Abstract: An automated door system includes a door pivotally coupled to a vehicle body at a hinge axis defined by at least one hinge assembly. A power assist device is coupled to the hinge assembly and further coupled to the door. The power assist device is configured to slow movement of the door along a door swing path from an initial velocity to a slow close velocity when the initial velocity exceeds a predetermined threshold velocity, thereby providing a slow and controlled close when a user attempts to slam the door. The power assist device is further configured to power opening and closing movement of the door as initiated by a user.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes generating, by at least one sensor, motion data indicative of motion of a door having a door closer as the door is moved from an open position to a closed position, analyzing the motion data to determine a duration the door was in each of a plurality of door movement zones between the open position and the closed position, determining at least one adjustment to the door closer for a successful installation of the door closer based on the duration the door was in each of the plurality of door movement zones, and displaying at least one installation instruction corresponding with the at least one adjustment on a graphical user interface of a mobile device.

Abstract: A method for damping a movement of a door system of a vehicle that is equipped with a damping system having an adjustable and controllable damping action. A movement of the door system between a closed position and an open position is damped in a controlled manner. A measurement of the change in speed of the speed of movement of the door system is calculated and if the change in speed exceeds a predefined limit value, a set, gentle damping action is changed over to a greater damping action.

Abstract: A door check for vehicle doors, e.g. car doors having a door strap for being mounted to the chassis and a retainer for being mounted to the door movably and supporting the door strap relative to the retainer and provides a particular precise control over the door movement if the retainer has a cylinder supporting a piston which is spring loaded against the door strap and if an actuator is configured to augment the pressure in the cylinder upon demand to thereby augment the friction between the piston and the door strap.

Abstract: An automatic return device for glass doors includes a hydraulic hinge assembly having a first base, a piston unit, a first drive axle and a first grip unit and a leaf positioning assembly having a second base, a slide seat unit, a second drive axle, and second grip unit. The first and second bases are connected to a doorframe. The piston unit and first drive axle are set in the first base. The first drive axle interacts with the piston unit to generate oil pressure. The first and second drive axles are connected to the first and second grip units that grip a glass door. The slide seat unit and the second drive axle are set in the second base. When the second drive axle pivots, the slide seat unit positions the second drive axle at a predetermined pivotal angle.

Abstract: A joint structure has a first main body, a positioning pin, a second main body, and a controlling button. The first main body forms with an annular wall and a limiting groove, and the annular wall forms an engaging passage. The positioning pin is mounted in the first main body. The second main body has a limiting protrusion and is rotatably mounted on the first main body; the limiting protrusion is mounted on the limiting groove. The controlling button is mounted on the second main body and forms a positioning groove and an engaging block corresponding to the engaging passage. The positioning pin can abut the positioning groove. With the cooperation of the positioning groove and the positioning pin, the joint structure can be folded or unfolded easily.

Abstract: In an aspect, a vehicle door control system is provided for a vehicle having a vehicle body and a vehicle door. The door control system includes a check arm mounted to one of the vehicle body and the vehicle door, a check arm holder at least a portion of which is mounted to the other of the vehicle body and the vehicle door, and a controller. The controller is programmed to apply a resistive force on the vehicle door based on a determination of whether an obstacle is approaching the vehicle, data relating to the obstacle, and a position of the vehicle door.

Abstract: A door drive includes a housing and at least one regulating valve for the adjustable regulation of a fluid flow within the door drive. The one regulating valve or at least one of the several regulating valves includes two ends with respectively one engaging part, in particular for a tool, wherein the one regulating valve or the regulating valves extend/s in such a manner through the housing that the engaging parts for adjusting the one regulating valve or the regulating valves may be manipulated from outside the housing.

Abstract: A suspension assembly is disclosed. The suspension assembly is configured for movement under compression when installed for use in a vehicle providing at least one wheel. The assembly comprises a leg; a compression rod assembly comprising a compression rod movable within the leg; a piston assembly comprising a seal and a piston; and an isolator configured to deform under compression to provide isolation between the compression rod assembly and the piston assembly. The compression rod can translate under compression with deformation of the isolator before movement of the piston. The suspension assembly may be configured to provide a response to a force such as compression. An isolation member between the compression rod assembly and the piston assembly may be configured so that a force imparted on the compression rod assembly compresses the isolation member without translation of the piston.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vibration-damping device (10) which is provided with: a tubular first attachment member (11) joined to one of a vibration generating unit and a vibration receiving unit; a second attachment member (12) joined to the other thereof; an elastic body (13) which joins the first attachment member (11) to the second attachment member (12); and a partition member (16) which partitions a liquid chamber in the first attachment member (11) into a first liquid chamber (14) and a second liquid chamber (15), and in which at least one of the first liquid chamber (14) and the second liquid chamber (15) has the elastic body (13) as a portion of a wall surface thereof. A vortex chamber unit (30) through which the first liquid chamber (14) communicates with the second liquid chamber (15) is formed in the partition member (16).

Abstract: A door checker device for use in automobiles which includes a fixing member attached to one side of the car body, a checker arm having one end hinge-coupled to the fixing member to be rotated, wherein the checker arm is disposed between a door and the car body, and a door checker attached to one side of the door side and engaged with the checker arm to slid along the longitudinal direction of the checker arm, wherein the door checker allows the door to maintain a stationary state at a predetermined position in the swing trajectory of the door.

Abstract: A hydraulic door closer is disclosed. The hydraulic door closer may include a top cap surrounded by an O-ring that is located at the top of the hydraulic door closer housing opposite a spindle to seal the hydraulic fluid within the housing. In addition to or in lieu of the top cap design, the door closer may include a locking washer to secure the valves to the housing; epoxy and an O-ring at the interface between the top cap and the housing of the door closer; use of a dual-walled rubber seal around the spindle; use of dual O-rings on each valve stems; use of caps that are made of the same material as the housing instead of aluminum and use of epoxy on the end caps; and/or use of backcheck with an adjustable spring.

Abstract: A hinge and an electronic device are provided according to the present application. The hinge includes a spindle, a spindle sleeve arranged with respect to the spindle, and a first material with a variable state arranged between the spindle and the spindle sleeve, and a torsion of the spindle is variable according to the variable state of the first material. The electronic device includes the hinge, a first body and a second body; and the first body and the second body are rotatably connected via the hinge.

Abstract: A damper assembly includes a piston and cylinder type damper with a piston (14) mounted for reciprocal movement in a cylinder (10) containing damping fluid. The piston (14) is acted on by a piston rod (11) which includes a reaction surface for engaging the piston. The cross-sectional area of the reaction surface is designed to be significantly greater than the cross-sectional area of the piston rod (11) in order to spread the load exerted on the piston (14). Also, the piston (14) is designed to engage the piston rod (11) at its inner end in a manner that provides lateral guidance for the inner end of the piston rod in its movement in the cylinder (10).

Abstract: A piston and cylinder type damper has a cylinder (12) with a piston assembly (10) which is mounted for reciprocal linear movement therein. The piston assembly (10) divides the cylinder (12) into separate chambers with a restricted flow path extending therebetween for passage of damping fluid contained within it. A piston rod (11) is mounted for linear reciprocal movement with respect to the cylinder (12) and is arranged to engage the piston assembly (10) with abutting contact. The contact between the piston rod (11) and piston assembly (10) is arranged to be remote from the restricted flow path.

Abstract: A system for controlled rotatable movement of a closing element anchored to a stationary support structure includes a piston device and a hinge device. The hinge device has a fixed element and a movable element reciprocally coupled to allow mutual rotation, a seat for removably inserting the piston device, and a pivot member with a cam element facing the seat to interact with the piston device. The piston device includes a tubular body, an actuating head external to the tubular body, a plunger member slidable within the tubular body, and an elastic contrast member acting on the plunger member for returning it from a retracted end position to an extended end position. The seat of the hinge body includes a pass-through or blind bore extending along an axis for providing access into the hinge body in a direction substantially parallel to or coinciding with the axis.

Abstract: A door closing device having a housing, a lever interface for the attachment of a door closing mechanism (110), which interface is rotatably supported in the housing, a spring device, which charges the lever interface with a closing torque, and a dampening device for dampening the charging of the lever interface with the closing torque, where the housing is configured, at least in sections, as a cold-deformed structural member.

Abstract: An opening/closing assist device includes a cam fixed to a first member, which is one of an opening/closing body and a coupling subject of the opening/closing body, a contact element located on a second member, which is the other one of the opening/closing body and the coupling subject, and a damper stay. The damper stay includes a first end rotatably connected to the first member and a second end rotatably connected to the contact element. The contact element is maintained in the state of being pressed against the cam by means of the elastic force of the damper stay. The cam has a shape that is set so that a moment generated at the cam based on the elastic force applied by the contact element is generated so that a moment required to rotate the opening/closing body is in accordance with operation characteristics required for the opening/closing body.

Abstract: A hinge on a cover for a container, has a pivot axis and includes at least one first member fixed against rotation and at least one second member rotatable about the axis, which first and second members are arranged coaxially along the axis. A third member is arranged coaxial with the first and second members. A damper element is provided between the first and the third members in order to dampen the relative rate of rotation between the members. A first spring is arranged between the second and the third tubular members, which first spring is connected to the respective second and third members so that relative rotation between the tubular members is permitted in a first direction, when the cover is pivoted towards a first position, and prevented in a second direction, when the cover is pivoted towards a second position. A container provided with such a hinge is described.

Abstract: A door closer for doors, particularly glass doors, which are supported by a stationary support structure and are movable between an open door position and a closed door position. The door closer comprises a box-shaped body and a pin reciprocally coupled to rotate around a first axis between the open door position and the closed door position. A closing mechanism causes the door to return automatically and a braking mechanism counteracts the action of the closing mechanism. First and second cam elements are unitary with the pin and interposed between a first and second plunger elements acting thereon.

Abstract: A door closure apparatus with boost for latching a door to which the apparatus is attached. The door closure includes two pivotal arms, an outer covering and an elongated housing. In the housing are a main piston with a rack to engage a pinion connected to rotate with one of the pivotal arms, a piston rod, a main spring, a divider wall, an adjustable main spring seat, a supplemental piston and a supplemental spring. The housing is filled with hydraulic fluid and is divided into three chambers with ports and passageways to move fluid during door opening, which stores energy in both the main and the supplemental springs, and door closing, which begins with energy from the main spring and latches with a boost of energy from the supplemental spring.

Abstract: A patch fitting with auto-return function for a glass door includes a clamping seat, a damper and a misalignment adjuster. The clamping seat is adapted for clamping and being mounted on the top edge of the glass door and comprises a shaft body and an eccentric cam connected with the shaft body. The damper is installed in the clamping seat and contacted with the eccentric cam. The misalignment adjuster comprises a mounting plate, a plurality of adjustment members and an adjustment plate. The mounting plate has a concave space and a plurality of adjustment holes communicated with the concave space. Each of the adjustment members is disposed in each of the adjustment holes. The adjustment plate is arranged in the concave space of the mounting plate, connected with the shaft body and stopped by at least one of the adjustment members.

Abstract: A door closer for doors, particularly glass doors, which are supported by a stationary support structure (S) and are movable between an open door position and a closed door position. The door closer comprises a box-like body (10) and a pin (20) reciprocally rotatably coupled to rotate around a first axis (x) between the open door position and the closed door position. Closing means are provided (30) to automatically return the door, as well as a braking means (40) acting thereon to counteract their action. First and second cam elements (31, 41) unitary with the pin (20) and interposed between a first and second plunger elements (32, 42) are provided.

Abstract: A door closer for doors, particularly glass doors, which are supported by a stationary support structure (S) and are movable between an open door position and a closed door position. The door closer comprises a box-like body (10) and a pin (20) reciprocally rotatably coupled to rotate around a first axis (x) between the open door position and the closed door position. Closing means are provided (30) to automatically return the door, as well as a braking means (40) acting thereon to counteract their action. First and second cam elements (31, 41) unitary with the pin (20) and interposed between a first and second plunger elements (32, 42) are provided.

Abstract: A door closer, in particular a hinge door closer, including a free-swing function, having a door closer housing, an output shaft to be connected to a door, a piston assembly connected to the output shaft and guided in the door closer housing, a closer spring, a piston rod adapted to connect the piston assembly to the closer spring, a free-swing assembly which is adapted to enable a translational motion of the piston assembly decoupled from the closer spring when the closer spring is locked, and a hydraulic lock compartment adapted to lock the closer spring. An additional closer spring acts on the piston assembly, in order to slightly load the piston assembly toward the closing direction when in free-swing mode. The additional closer spring is weaker than the closer spring.

Abstract: A door closer, in particular a hinge door closer, including a locking function or free-swing function, having a door closer housing, an output shaft to be connected to a door, a piston assembly connected to the output shaft and guided in the door closer housing, a closer spring, a piston rod adapted to connect the piston assembly to the closer spring, a hydraulic lock compartment adapted to lock the closer spring, and in particular a free-swing assembly which is adapted to enable a translational motion of the piston assembly decoupled from the closer spring when the closer spring is locked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a regulating valve, which is attachable in particular in a bore, executed with a female thread, of a hydraulic door closer. The regulating valve has a body adjoined by a regulating area. The regulating valve also has a thread provided with an anti-rotation element. The thread, including the anti-rotation element, being screwed into the female thread of the bore. In order to provide a regulating valve of a simple design, in which any unwanted adjustment of the regulating valve during operation is excluded, the anti-rotation element of the regulating valve has a plastic material layer at the thread flanks of the thread. The plastic material layer cooperates with the female thread of the door closer.

Abstract: A method for controlling a door, comprising the steps of storing energy during a manual opening of a door, sensing an object within a doorway, selectively applying a force derived from the stored energy, to close the door, based on the sensing of an object in the doorway. The closure is preferably controlled by an electronic control. A door closing device comprising an energy storage device for storing energy during door opening and releasing the stored energy to subsequently close the door, a damping system for damping a closure of the door, a sensor for detecting an object within a doorway, having an output, a controllable device for selectively restraining the energy storage device from closing the door, and a control system for controlling the controllable device based on the output.

Abstract: A door closing device for a door is described. The device includes an externally powered and/or spring force-powered catch device F for mounting to the stationary door frame TR or the door leaf TF. The catch device has a movably mounted catch element F and an externally powered and/or force storage means-powered drive assembly M connected to the catch element F. It is essential that the catch element F can be connected to and disconnected from the counterpart element, for example the lock latch S, so that the catch element F can be brought into engagement with the counterpart element S for pulling the door leaf TF shut and can be brought out of engagement with the counterpart element S outside of the pulling-shut movement.

Abstract: A return device for a drawer employs an actuator to drive a slide block, when the drawer is pulled open, the slide block is moved into a positioning concave and positioned therein while stretching an elastic member. Or pushing the drawer back can make the slide block slide out of the positioning concave, meanwhile, the elastic member pulls the drawer back to its original position. Furthermore, since the angle between the slide surface of the positioning concave of the positioning member and the track is obtuse, it is easy for the slide block to slide in and out, so that the drawer can be easily positioned and unlocked from the positioned state.

Abstract: A one-way valve having a conduit for allowing liquid to flow therein, a valve element provided in the conduit, a hole portion provided in the conduit on the upstream side of the valve element and configured to be brought into a closed state by being closed by the valve element, and a spring that urges the valve element in the direction to close the hole portion, in which the peripheral surface of the valve element is formed with a first surface and a second surface intersecting the direction of movement of the valve element and generating a component force in the direction to close the hole portion when an urging force of the spring is applied, the first surface and the second surface are formed so as to increase the component force in the direction to close the hole portion as the valve element approaches the hole.

Abstract: A door closer with an automated calibration mode is disclosed. The door closer that can be self powered and includes a control unit to intelligently control a valve within the door closer to vary the operating characteristics of the door closer as needed. The control unit includes a calibration mode that can be invoked to match the control unit to the mechanical door closer assembly. A plurality of positional values being output encoders coupled to an arm of the door closer and the motor for the valve can be determined. The positional values from the encoders and the positions that they indicate can then be stored in a memory within the controller for use during normal operation of the door closer.

Abstract: A door closer with dynamically adjustable latch region parameters is disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention include a door closer with a control unit to intelligently control a valve to vary the operating characteristics of the door closer as needed. The control unit can repeatedly determine whether a door has reached jamb upon closing. A setting or settings for the latch region of the door can be adjusted when the door does not reach jamb. These adjustments are such that the likelihood of the door reaching jamb upon closing is increased. Jamb successes can also be monitored, so that once there have been enough successful closes, settings can be adjusted to decrease the force on the door so that the latch region parameters are constantly adjusted for changing conditions to achieve closing success with the minimum closing force necessary.

Abstract: An automatic door closer structure comprises a casing, at least one piston, at least one limiting member, at least one driving member connected with the piston and a shaft. The casing has an outside wall, a chamber, an inside wall and at least one first limiting portion. The piston slidably disposed within the chamber of the casing has an outer wall and a second limiting portion formed on the outer wall. The limiting member has a first end portion and a second end portion both are connected with the first limiting portion of the casing and the second limiting portion of the piston respectively to limit rotation of the piston. The shaft comprises a shaft body pivotally disposed in the casing and an eccentric cam contacts against the driving member.

Abstract: In a dishwasher of the built-in type comprising a door (12) which is tillable about a generally horizontal axis (A), the door comprising means for fixing a decor panel (14), said dishwasher further comprising means (24) for biasing the door towards the closed position and dampening means (26) for dampening the closing of the door, the dampening means is or can be adapted for dampening the closing of the door in the undecorated state of the door.

Abstract: The invention relates to door closers, particularly a door closer control device that regulates the flow of a pressure medium controlling the function of a door closer. A control device according to the invention includes a support part with a collar that serves as a second support for the control device on the door closer body in addition to the support in the guiding part. This second support holds the control device in place within the pressure medium flow without any rocking or swaying movement, which would hamper the door closing speed.

Abstract: A withdrawing mechanism includes a striker disposed on one of a swingable member and a main body, a catcher disposed on the other of the swingable member and the main body to capture the striker moving, and a damper for applying a damping force to a turning operation of the catcher toward the turned position. The catcher is turnable between a standby position and a turned position. The catcher is biased toward the standby position when at a position closer to the standby position than an intermediate position between the standby position and the turned position and biased toward the turned position when at a position closer to the turned position than the intermediate position. The catcher includes a hooking groove for the striker on a surface extending substantially perpendicular to a rotary shaft thereof. The hooking groove faces an introduction port toward the front side in the standby position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for buffering the closing impact of furniture doors. A valve (40) is mounted around a piston rod (23) of a piston (20) in such a fashion that an oil gap (41) is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the valve (40) and the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder (10), the valve having a recessed oil passageway (47) formed on an axial end surface thereof. A protrusion element (50) is integrally formed with a front end portion of the valve (40). The protrusion element (50) has a plurality of oil grooves (51) formed longitudinally on the outer periphery thereof. A check valve (60) is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the protrusion element (50) in such a fashion as to slidingly reciprocate along the compression direction of oil.

Abstract: A catcher (2) provided in a door frame H? for capturing a striker body 1 moved from a near front side F when a door D? is rotated toward a reference position; a braking device (5); and a linkage device (3) for both are provided. The catcher (2) is provided to be reciprocatingly rotatable between a standby position and a rotated position, captures the striker body (1) at the standby position, and rotates forward to the rotated position. Braking of the braking device (5) is applied to a rotation toward the rotated position of the catcher (2) through the linkage gear member (30).

Abstract: A regulating valve, which in particular is attachable in a bore of a hydraulic door closer formed with a female thread. The valve has a body, having an anti-rotation protection and a thread, which can be disposed in the female thread of the bore. A regulating area is attached to the body. The anti-rotation protection has at least one groove, which is disposed at the thread and accommodates an elastic element.

Abstract: The apparatus for closing the door slowly and automatically can directly get the door closed by the piston rod without passing through a gear, so that the energy loss is little, and a small amount of air is contained in the hydraulic oil in order for the piston and the piston rod to be moved to the left and right hand side. The closing speed of the door can be adjustable by turning a speed adjustment bolt and for the installation, it is very easy to install the present invention since the function of the invention works with a force adjustment by turning the force adjustment nut when the invention is fixed to the door and doorframe.

Abstract: A hydraulic system has a hydraulic actuator for moving a door leaf of a door installation between open and closed positions thereof. A reservoir has a volume for containing a hydraulic fluid. A fluid circuit provides fluid communication between the hydraulic actuator and the reservoir. The system also has a pump for pumping hydraulic fluid from the reservoir into the fluid circuit to operate the actuator. A fluid circuit flushing system of the hydraulic system operates to flush a volume of hydraulic fluid from the fluid circuit back to the reservoir without moving any door leaves of the door installation. The hydraulic system may be part of a mine door installation installed in a mine passageway and having at least one door leaf. The hydraulic actuator is connected to the door leaf for driving movement of the door leaf between its open and closed positions.

Abstract: A damper device used in a range of electronic apparatuses. The damper device allows a diverse opening and closing operations by means of a simple structure. A stationary plate and a movable plate resiliently contact, due to the action of a spring, over different contact areas as a movable shaft rotates. This enables a change in a damping force in accordance with opening and closing angles. Accordingly the damper device which allows diverse opening and closing operations, such as to open at a constant speed from immediately after starting to open, is achievable by means of a simple structure.

Abstract: A shock absorbing device uses a damper including a cylinder enclosing a viscous fluid; a piston rod; and a piston dividing the interior of the cylinder in two axially separated parts. The piston is connected to the piston rod and has an orifice communicating the two parts. The piston includes an inner member integrally connected with the piston rod, and an outer member disposed about an outer perimeter of the inner member and configured to be axially movable with respect to the inner member. The inner and outer members are configured to define a gap therebetween through which the viscous fluid can flow, and to be biased away from each other by a spring disposed therebetween. The inner and outer members are arranged so that the gap is reduced as the amount that the inner member protrudes into the outer member increases, to thereby define a variable orifice.

Abstract: A door closer includes an anchor assembly for mounting on a door frame, an actuator assembly for mounting within the thickness of a door which is hinged for movement between open and closed positions, an operating member coupled by a linkage to the anchor assembly and mounted for a range of movements between a retracted position and an extended position, a resilient driving apparatus arranged to exert a driving force on the operating member, a damper mechanism operatively connected to the operating member so as to damp movement of the operating member at least in a direction towards the retracted position, and a resilient thrust device arranged to exert an increased driving force on the operating member over a defined part of its range of movement as the operating member approaches the retracted position.

Abstract: A door closer includes a housing; a shaft supported in the housing and connectable to a door; a brake piston supported in the housing and charging the shaft, the brake piston and the housing defining a first space away from the shaft; a blocking member; a spring loading the blocking member and extending orthogonally from the housing; and a pump for pumping brake fluid to or from the first space. The pump is disposed in a second space formed between the housing and the spring. The shaft is lockable in a position by the blocking member.

Abstract: An annular groove part with a predetermined depth is formed in a rotation body, and a wall surface of the annular groove part is sealed by a second protrusion elongated annular part formed in an inner circumference of a rotor attached to the annular groove part, and a wall surface of the annular groove part is sealed by a first protrusion elongated annular part formed in an outer circumference of the rotor, and grease is sealed in the inside. When the rotor is engaged in a support body and the rotation body is rotated, rotation of the rotor is regulated, so that the rotation body is damped by fluid resistance of the grease and is slowly rotated. The rotation body is supported by a support shaft inserted into a shaft hole.

Abstract: A damper device applies damping force to a movable body assembled on a fixed body. The damper device includes a damping part, a clutch case attached to one of the fixed body and the movable body in a state having received the damping part, and a rack part moving or relatively moving accompanying movement of the movable body. The damper device effectively operate the movable body.