Abstract: The present invention relates to biaxially undulatory single-ply and multi-ply tissues, single-ply and multi-ply towels, single-ply and multi-ply napkins and other personal care and cleaning products as well as novel creping blades and novel processes for the manufacture of such paper products. The present invention is directed to tissue and towel product having highly desirable bulk, appearance and softness characteristics produced by utilizing a novel undulatory creping blade having a multiplicity of serrulations formed in its rake surface which presents differentiated creping angles and/or rake angles to the web as it is being creped. The invention is also directed to a novel blade having an undulatory rake surface having trough-shaped serrulations in the rake surface of the blade. The undulatory creping blade has a multiplicity of alternating serrulated sections of either uniform depth or a multiplicity of arrays of serrulations having non-uniform depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biaxially undulatory single-ply and multi-ply tissues, single-ply and multi-ply towels, single-ply and multi-ply napkins and other personal care and cleaning products as well as novel creping blades and novel processes for the manufacture of such paper products. The present invention is directed to tissue and towel product having highly desirable bulk, appearance and softness characteristics produced by utilizing a novel undulatory creping blade having a multiplicity of serrulations formed in its rake surface which presents differentiated creping angles and/or rake angles to the web as it is being creped. The invention is also directed to a novel blade having an undulatory rake surface having trough-shaped serrulations in the rake surface of the blade. The undulatory creping blade has a multiplicity of alternating serrulated sections of either uniform depth or a multiplicity of arrays of serrulations having non-uniform depth.

Abstract: The improved creped non-laminar singular web structure comprising long fibers and short fibers demonstrated by high TWA and Z peeling. Creping causes a certain portion of long synthetic fibers and short fibers to substantially be oriented in a predetermined vertical or Z direction across the thickness of the web structure. In particular, when a stratified preparation containing wet stiff CTMP fibers is used, the vertically oriented CTMP fibers increase the total water absorption (TWA) of the web structure without collapsing. The high TWA print/double-creped paper products manufactured from the above web structure are suitable for heavy wipe and dry uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biaxially undulatory single-ply and multi-ply tissues, single-ply and multi-ply towels, single-ply and multi-ply napkins and other personal care and cleaning products as well as novel creping blades and novel processes for the manufacture of such paper products. The present invention is directed to tissue and towel product having highly desirable bulk, appearance and softness characteristics produced by utilizing a novel undulatory creping blade having a multiplicity of serrulations formed in its rake surface which presents differentiated creping angles and/or rake angles to the web as it is being creped. The invention is also directed to a novel blade having an undulatory rake surface having trough-shaped serrulations in the rake surface of the blade. The undulatory creping blade has a multiplicity of alternating serrulated sections of either uniform depth or a multiplicity of arrays of serrulations having non-uniform depth.

Abstract: A one-ply paper tissue product and a method of making a one-ply paper product combining high strength and softness along with low sidedness. The paper tissue product exhibits a sidedness parameter of less than 0.3 preferably, less than 0.225, a tensile modulus of no more than 32 grams/percent strain, a GM MMD of no more than about 0.225, and a cross directional strength of at least 200 grams per 3 inches. In stratification tissues, these properties are obtained by control of stratification, particularly, chemical stratification and stratification of furnish when appropriate. The tissue has a sidedness parameter value of less than 0.3, preferably, about 0.15 to about less than 0.225. In homogenous tissue, these properties are obtained by adding a strength enhancing agent to separate furnish sources prior to the funish sources being combined, and further, optionally adding the softener to the nascent web.

Abstract: The softness of tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, is improved by the addition of a carboxylic acid ester. The carboxylic acid ester can be incorporated into the tissue by addition of the ester to the furnish prior to the formation of the tissue, or it can be topically applied to the tissue web after formation, either while the tissue web is still wet or after the tissue web has been dried.

Abstract: A process for dry creping tissue paper comprising the application of creping adhesives in at least two steps. The adhesive applied in at least one of the steps is a polyvinyl alcohol while the adhesive applied in at least one other step comprises a water-soluble, thermosetting, cationic polyamide resin. The process provides high adhesion and doctorability for dry creping.

Abstract: A process for creping paper using a creping adhesive is described. The creping adhesive concentrate contains about 1 percent to about 25 percent by weight solids, and the solids contain oxazoline polymer and a polyamide resin polymer. The concentrate is diluted to about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight solids and the diluted creping adhesive is applied to the surface of a drying cylinder. The paper is subsequently creped from the drying cylinder.

Abstract: Dry strength additives used to enhance the properties of creped tissues are applied to the surface of the Yankee dryer along with the creping adhesive formulation and thereafter transferred to the tissue web as the tissue web is being adhered to the Yankee. When dry strength agents are applied in this manner, less dust and lint are accumulated resulting in improved productivity and product quality.

Abstract: Strong and soft multi-ply tissue paper products useful as absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels are disclosed. At least one internal surface of the tissue paper product has a surface deposited strengthening agent.

Abstract: A soft absorbent, creped tissue paper having an ATP factor of less than about 0.036, a slip/stick coefficient of less than about 0.024, and a lint level of less than about 6. The tissue paper preferably has a density of less than about 0.15 gram/cm.sup.3. Preferably, the creped tissue paper is a single- or multi-layer, single-ply tissue. More preferably, the creped tissue paper is made by a through air drying technique. Tissue paper having unique combinations of these above attributes is highly desirable by the consumers.

Abstract: A method for creping fibrous webs comprises: (1) applying to a drying surface for the fibrous web a polyamine/epihalohydrin resin creping adhesive; (2) applying a creping release agent that is a plasticizer for the polyamine/epihalohydrin resin and has a swelling ratio of at least 0.10 and a solubility parameter of greater than 20 MPa.sup.1/2 ; (3) pressing the fibrous web against the drying surface to adhere the web to the drying surface, and (4) dislodging the web from the drying surface with a creping device to crepe the fibrous web.

Abstract: Soft, strong, and low dusting tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels are disclosed. The tissue papers comprise fibers such as wood pulp and a non-cellulosic, water insoluble particulate filler such as kaolin clay and possess biased surface properties.

Abstract: A paper web is disclosed. The paper web includes at least three regions disposed in a nonrandom, repeating pattern. The three regions are distinguishable from each other by at least one property selected from the group consisting of basis weight, density, and fiber composition. The paper web has a relatively high basis weight background portion and decorative indicia. The decorative indicia comprise one or more relatively low basis weight regions.

Abstract: Strong, soft, and low dusting tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels are disclosed. At least one surface of the tissue papers has uniform discrete surface deposits of a substantively affixed chemical softening agent.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of creped hygienic cellulose paper, in particular. A hemicellulose containing additive, in particular galactomannan, xylan or highly milled birch pulp, is added to the pulp either prior to the pulp being deposited on the wire of the paper machine, after the pulp is deposited on the wire of the paper machine, or both before and after the pulp is deposited on the wire. As a result of this measure, the strength of the paper web thus produced and its runnability properties are substantially improved, while the softness virtually remains unchanged. In addition, the energy requirements for drying the paper web are substantially reduced.

Abstract: A method of making a bonded and creped type absorbent paper web that has improved bulk to peel strength characteristics includes steps of (a) printing a low density pattern of a bonding material onto a first and a second side of a paper web; and (b) in no particular sequence with respect to step (a), printing a high density pattern of a bonding material onto the first side of the paper web. Steps (a) and (b) are performed so that the high density pattern of bonding material penetrates into the paper web by a distance that is about 166 to about 470 percent of the distance by which the low density pattern of bonding material penetrates into the web. This results in a web that has superior bulk and peel strength characteristics. Another characteristic of the product is that it has a visible depression pattern in one surface, but not the other surface, which creates an attractive aesthetic effect and has functional benefits as well.

Abstract: The invention consists of soft, bulky tissue products that result from the presence of a debonder/softening agent in the outer layers of the tissue and creping under "closed" pocket conditions. The debonder/softening agents belong to a group of organic chemicals that include several imidazolinium quaternary compounds. These chemicals do not adversely interfere with adhesion, unlike most debonders, to the drying surface of the tissue machine. They can, therefore, be placed in the outer layers of the tissue that contact the dryer surface and improve creping. The tissue can then be creped off of the drying surface using a closed pocket, that is a pocket angle of less than 80 degrees. The closed pocket creping normally produces a thicker, less dense tissue but with coarse crepe. Closed pocket creping and the presence of most debonders in the dryer side layers would be expected to also produce coarse crepe structures.

Abstract: A process for incorporating a fine particulate filler such as kaolin clay into tissue paper is disclosed. The process results in strong, soft, and low dusting tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels.

Abstract: Fibrous cellulose materials useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent paper products such as paper towels, facial tissues, and toilet tissue are disclosed. The paper products contain a vegetable oil based quaternary ammonium chemical softening compound. Examples of preferred vegetable oil based quaternary ammonium chemical softening compounds include diester di(oleyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride (DEDODMAC) (i.e., di(octadec-z-9-eneoyloxyethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride) derived from canola oil and/or high oleic safflower oil. Variables that need to be adjusted to maximize the fluidity of vegetable oil based acyl groups include the cis/trans isomer ratio or the Iodine Value (IV) of the fatty acyl groups. The tissue softness is further enhanced by controlling the purity of the fatty acyl groups and the di-substituted versus mono-substituted long chain hydrocarbyl substituent ratio in the quaternary ammonium compounds.

Abstract: A one-ply paper tissue product and a method of making a one-ply paper product combining high strength and softness along with low sidedness. The paper tissue product exhibits a sidedness parameter of less than 0.3 preferably, less than 0.225, a tensile modulus of no more than 32 grams/percent strain, a GM MMD of no more than about 0.225, and a cross directional strength of at least 200 grams per 3 inches. In stratification tissues, these properties are obtained by control of stratification, particularly, chemical stratification and stratification of furnish when appropriate. The tissue has a sidedness parameter value of less than 0.3, preferably, about 0.15 to about less than 0.225. In homogenous tissue, these properties are obtained by adding a strength enhancing agent to separate furnish sources prior to the funish sources being combined, and further, optionally adding the softener to the nascent web.

Abstract: A method of forming a polymer-reinforced paper which includes preparing an aqueous suspension of fibers, at least about 50 percent, by dry weight, of which are cellulosic fibers; distributing the suspension on a forming wire; removing water from the distributed suspension to form a paper; and treating the paper thus formed with a polymer-reinforcing medium which contains a bulking agent to give the polymer-reinforced paper. The treatment of the paper is adapted to provide in the polymer-reinforced paper from about 15 to about 70 percent, by weight, of bulking agent, based on the dry weight of the cellulosic fibers in the paper. Alternatively, the bulking agent can be added to a polymer-reinforced paper after it has been formed. In certain embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyhydric alcohol. In other embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100 to about 1,500.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biaxially undulatory single-ply and multi-ply tissues, single-ply and multi-ply towels, single-ply and multi-ply napkins and other personal care and cleaning products as well as novel creping blades and novel processes for the manufacture of such paper products. The present invention is directed to tissue and towel product having highly desirable bulk, appearance and softness characteristics produced by utilizing a novel undulatory creping blade having a multiplicity of serrulations forced in its rake surface which presents differentiated creping angles and/or rake angles to the web as it is being creped. The invention is also directed to a novel blade having an undulatory rake surface having trough-shaped serrulations in the rake surface of the blade. The undulatory creping blade has a multiplicity of alternating serrulated sections of either uniform depth or a multiplicity of arrays of serrulations having non-uniform depth.

Abstract: Tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and napkins are provided. The composite average coarseness of the tissue papers is between about 11 mg/100 m and about 18 mg/100 m. The tissue paper comprise closed cell wall, chemically softened cellulose fibers further comprising coarse cellulose fibers such as those derived from CTMP or recycled sources. The cellulose fibers have enhanced lubricity such that they possess a depressed coefficient of friction (DCOF, in percentage points) related to the composite average coarseness, C, in mg/100 m, by the equation:DCOF>4.27*C-44.23.

Abstract: A process for incorporating a fine particulate filler such as kaolin clay into tissue paper is disclosed. The process results in strong, soft, and low dusting tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels.

Abstract: A printable sheet having a high printing quality and a high handling resistance. At least one of the sides of the sheet is treated with a composition which comprises at least one filler and at least one elastomeric binder. The elastomeric binder is selected from the group consisting of aqueous dispersions of polyurethane, acrylate copolymers, optionally carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymers, and polymers of which one of the monomers is acrylonitrile, isoprene, or neoprene, or mixtures thereof. The sheet can be used for manufacturing protected documents.

Abstract: A composition for creping fibrous webs comprises (1) a polyamine/epihalohydrin resin creping adhesive, and (2) a creping release agent that is a plasticizer for the polyamine/epihalohydrin resin and has a swelling ratio of at least 0.10 and a solubility parameter >20 MPa.sup.1/2. Also disclosed is a process for creping fibrous webs in which the creping adhesive and the release agent can be applied together or separately to a drying surface for the fibrous web.

Abstract: Soft creped tissue paper products comprising papermaking fibers and a crepe facilitating composition are disclosed. The crepe facilitating composition comprises a bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose. Preferably, the bonding inhibitor is a quaternary ammonium compound. The use of a bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose results in a creped tissue paper that is both strong and soft. A creped papermaking process comprising the addition of the crepe facilitating composition is also disclosed. The crepe facilitating composition offers the potential to improve production capacity.

Abstract: An absorbent paper comprising a base layer, which is obtained by paper-sheeting a material containing a highly bulky cellulose fiber, and a surface layer being located on the base layer, which is obtained by paper-sheeting a material containing a highly bulky cellulose fiber, is disclosed. Further, an absorbent article wherein the absorbent paper is used as an absorbent is also disclosed.

Abstract: Tissue paper having an enhanced bulk softness through incorporation of an effective amount of a polyhydroxy compound is disclosed. Preferably, from about 0.1% to about 2.0% of the polyhydroxy compound, on a dry fiber weight basis. These nonionic compounds have high rates of retention when applied to wet tissue paper webs according to the process described herein. Tissue embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a quantity of strength additive, such as starch, to increase paper strength.

Abstract: Strong, soft, and low dusting tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent sanitary products such as bath tissue, facial tissue, and absorbent towels are disclosed. The tissue papers comprise fibers such as wood pulp and a non-cellulosic, water insoluble particulate filler such as kaolin clay.

Abstract: A method of forming a polymer-reinforced paper which includes preparing an aqueous suspension of fibers, at least about 50 percent, by dry weight, of which are cellulosic fibers; distributing the suspension on a forming wire; removing water from the distributed suspension to form a paper; and treating the paper thus formed with a polymer-reinforcing medium which contains a bulking agent to give the polymer-reinforced paper. The treatment of the paper is adapted to provide in the polymer-reinforced paper from about 15 to about 70 percent, by weight, of bulking agent, based on the dry weight of the cellulosic fibers in the paper. Alternatively, the bulking agent can be added to a polymer-reinforced paper after it has been formed. In certain embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyhydric alcohol. In other embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100 to about 1,500.

Abstract: A tissue web (W), which has improved formation and improved tensile properties but no appreciable deterioration of retention and layer purity, if applicable, in comparison with tissue webs produced in conventional twin wire tissue formers, may be formed in a roll type twin wire former by draining 90-99%, preferably 98-99%, of all drainable water from the slurry while on the forming roll (1), preferably a suction forming roll, the remaining 1-10%, preferably 1-2%, of the drainable water being sufficient to have a substantial amount of the papermaking fibers free in the slurry during an initial phase of a subsequent step, and, downstream of said forming roll (1), draining said remaining 1-10%, preferably 1-2%, from the slurry while vibrating the slurry sufficiently to create a micro-turbulence causing a small scale agitation of the fibers to prevent them from forming any appreciable fibrous web (W) on the two forming fabrics (3; 4) until the water remaining in the slurry is insufficient for allowing the fibers

Abstract: Tissue paper products comprising a two component chemical softener composition and binder materials, either permanent or temporary wet strength binders, and/or dry strength binders are disclosed. The two component chemical softening composition comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and a polysiloxane compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polysiloxanes include amino-functional polydimethyl polysiloxanes wherein less than about 10 mole percent of the side chains on the polymer contain an amino-functional group.

Abstract: Tissue paper products comprising a two component chemical softener composition and binder materials, either permanent or temporary wet strength binders, and/or dry strength binders are disclosed. The two component chemical softening composition comprises an ester-functional ammonium compound and a polysiloxane compound. Preferred ester-functional ammonium compounds include diester dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as diester di(touch hardened)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride. Preferred polysiloxanes include amino-functional polydimethyl polysiloxanes wherein less than about 10 mole percent of the side chains on the polymer contain an amino-functional group.

Abstract: The addition of a relatively small amount of a cationic silicone to the aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers in the wet end of the tissue making process provides improved tactile properties (softness) to the resulting tissue.

Abstract: Tissue papers, in particular pattern densified tissue papers, having an enhanced tactile sense of softness when treated with certain nonionic softeners are disclosed. These nonionic softeners are biodegradable and comprise sorbitan esters, ethoxylated/propoxylated versions of these sorbitan esters, or mixtures thereof. The softener is typically applied from an aqueous dispersion or solution thereof to at least one surface of the dry tissue paper web.

Abstract: Fibrous cellulose materials useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent paper products such as paper towels, facial tissues, and toilet tissue are disclosed. The paper products contain a vegetable oil based quaternary ammonium chemical softening compound. Examples of preferred vegetable oil based quaternary ammonium chemical softening compounds include dioleyldimethyl ammonium chloride (i.e., di(octadec-z-9-enyl)dimethylammonium chloride) (DODMAC) and dierucyldimethyl ammonium chloride (i.e., di(docos-z-13-enyl)dimethylammonium chloride) (DEDMAC). Depending upon the paper product characteristic requirements, the saturation level of the fatty acyl groups of the vegetable oils can be tailored. Variables that need to be adjusted to maximize the benefits of using unsaturated vegetable oil based acyl groups include the Iodine Value (IV) of the fatty acyl groups; and the cis/trans isomer weight ratios in the fatty acyl groups.

Abstract: The internal bulk of a tissue web can be improved during manufacturing of the basesheet by subjecting the tissue web to differential pressure while supported on a coarse fabric at a consistency of about 30 percent or greater. The differential pressure, such as by applying vacuum suction to the underside of the coarse fabric, causes the wet web to deflect into the openings or depressions in the fabric and "pop" back, resulting in a substantial gain in thickness or internal bulk. The method is especially adapted to improve the internal bulk of wet-pressed tissue webs.

Abstract: The internal bulk of a tissue web can be improved during manufacturing of the basesheet by subjecting the tissue web to differential pressure while supported on a coarse fabric at a consistency of about 30 percent or greater. The differential pressure, such as by applying vacuum suction to the underside of the coarse fabric, causes the wet web to deflect into the openings or depressions in the fabric and "pop" back, resulting in a substantial gain in thickness or internal bulk. The method is especially adapted to improve the internal bulk of wet-pressed tissue webs.

Abstract: Tissue papers, in particular pattern densified tissue papers, having an enhanced tactile sense of softness when treated with certain nonionic softeners are disclosed. These nonionic softeners are biodegradable and comprise sorbitan esters, ethoxylated/propoxylated versions of these sorbitan esters, or mixtures thereof. The softener is typically applied from an aqueous dispersion or solution thereof to at least one surface of the dry tissue paper web.

Abstract: The internal bulk of a tissue web can be improved during manufacturing of the basesheet by subjecting the tissue web to differential pressure while supported on a coarse fabric at a consistency of about 30 percent or greater. The differential pressure, such as by applying vacuum suction to the underside of the coarse fabric, causes the wet web to deflect into the openings or depressions in the fabric and "pop" back, resulting in a substantial gain in thickness or internal bulk. The method is especially adapted to improve the internal bulk of throughdried tissue webs.

Abstract: In the manufacture of soft tissue products such as facial and bath tissue, a creping adhesive composition comprising from about 0.05 to about 20 dry weight percent of an ethoxylated acetylenic diol has been found to reduce skulch, improve creping blade life, and improve crepe quality. The creping adhesive composition is particularly useful for creping throughdried tissue webs.

Abstract: Soft creped tissue paper products comprising papermaking fibers and a biodegradable crepe facilitating composition is disclosed. The crepe facilitating composition is a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose. Preferably, the biodegradable bonding inhibitor is a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound. The use of a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose results in a creped tissue paper that is both strong and soft. A creped paper process comprising the addition of the crepe facilitating composition is also disclosed. The composition offers the potential to improve production capacity.

Abstract: A laminate of creped tissue paper, which is wet-strength-treated and which has the required qualities for tablecloths, such as drape, heaviness, softness and tensile strength. The laminate is formed by applying an adhesive to a first tissue paper in patterns to form a first web. The first web is then laminated to another tissue paper web by means of a water-based adhesive compound containing a dispersion of the adhesive mixed with a large amount of filler. The filler makes the adhesive only penetrate to a limited depth into the respective surface layers of the webs that are directed towards each other.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising biodegradable chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a biodegradable chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. The multi-ply facial tissue paper products also contain an effective amount of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder to control linting and/or to offset the loss in tensile strength, if any, resulting from the use of the biodegradable chemical softening compositions. The use of both wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and dry strength binder also improves the retention of the chemical softening composition in the sheet.

Abstract: A sheet material, typically paper or cardboard, contains a natural, chemically untreated fibrous material and a secondary long-staple fiber material in a weight ratio comprised between (50-90):(10-50). It further contains fiber fines, at least one retention agent for these fines and at least one sheet strength improving agent. The sheet may be manufactured on paper making machines after preparing a mash from the components listed above and refining. The sheet material is intended to replace paper or cardboard normally made from chemically treated, expensive raw materials.

Abstract: Fibrous cellulose materials useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent paper products such as paper towels, facial tissues, and toilet tissue are disclosed. The paper products contain a biodegradable vegetable oil based ester-functional quaternary ammonium chemical softening compound. Examples of preferred vegetable oil based ester-functional quaternary ammonium chemical softening compounds include diester dioleyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DEDODMAC) (i.e., di(octadec-z-9-oenoyloxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride) and diester dierucyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DEDEDMAC) (i.e., di(docos-z-13-enoyloxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride). Depending upon the paper product characteristic requirements, the saturation level of the fatty acyl groups of the vegetable oils can be tailored. Variables that need to be adjusted to maximize the benefits of using unsaturated vegetable oil based acyl groups include the Iodine Value (IV) of the fatty acyl groups; and the cis/trans isomer weight ratios in the fatty acyl groups.

Abstract: The internal bulk of a tissue web can be improved during manufacturing of the basesheet by subjecting the tissue web to differential pressure while supported on a coarse fabric at a consistency of about 30 percent or greater. The differential pressure, such as by applying vacuum suction to the underside of the coarse fabric, causes the wet web to deflect into the openings or depressions in the fabric and "pop" back, resulting in a substantial gain in thickness or internal bulk. The method is especially adapted to improve the internal bulk of wet-pressed tissue webs.

Abstract: A single or multi-ply tissue product includes at least one foam-formed ply incorporating at least about 100 ppm of forming-loop-incorporated surfactant, the ply includes from at least about 50% by weight to about 80% by weight of relatively short, high softness cellulosic fiber formed by chemical pulping of hardwood. The fibers have a weight average fiber length of between about 0.5 to about 2.2 mm, a coarseness of about 7 to about 14 mg of fiber per 100 m of fiber length (mg/100 m). The ply includes from at least about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight of relatively long strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber chosen from chemically pulped softwood fiber and chemi-thermo-mechanically pulped softwood fiber and mixtures thereof. The strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber have a weight average fiber length of about 2 to about 4 mm, a coarseness of about 14 to about 28 mg/100 m. Optionally, up to about 30% by weight of bulk-enhancing fibers having a three-dimensional anfractuous character may be provided.