Abstract: The wet strength softness absorbency, absorbency rate and other valuable properties in paper products, tissues, wipes, towels, etc. can be improved by using, in the paper forming process, a cellulosic material comprising a carboxymethyl cellulose material associated with a monomeric or polymeric cationic additive material. A process of the invention comprises a fiber surface carboxymethylation and an aqueous medium followed by blending the modified fibers with a cationic additive under varying conditions and wet forming the tissue and towel products. The additive is typically a cationic additive that preferentially associates with a carboxymethyl group on the cellulose surface. The affinity between the positively charged cationic groups in the polymeric or monomeric additive material to the negatively charged carboxyl group in the carboxymethyl cellulose modified fiber improves various attributes of the paper products.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper in which cellulosic fibers are treated with microparticles comprising shell-formed carbon allotrope particles, paper obtainable from this process, and a drainage and/or retention agent comprising at least partially hydrophilic, anionic microparticles comprising shell-formed carbon allotrope particles.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer having a molecular weight of at least 800, containing at least 5 aldehyde groups per molecule and at least 1 carboxyl group per molecule, the ratio of aldehyde groups to carboxyl groups being higher than 0.75.1, as a wet strength additive. The invention also discloses novel cationic derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A natural gum is used to provide emulsification of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) sizing agents for paper products. The natural gum can be nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, oxidized, derivatized or modified. The alkenyl succinic anhydride size emulsion formed with the natural gum improves stability and the film formed is evenly distributed, thereby promoting more uniform sizing of the paper product. The ratio of the ASA to natural gum in the emulsion ranges from 0.01:1 to 100:1, and preferably 0.1:1 to 20:1. The amount of ASA size is 1 lb./ton to 10 lbs./ton of finished paper product. A surfactant may be used to further improve the stability of the emulsion.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as dry strength additives comprising water soluble polyamidoamine/epchlorohydrin resin bearing polyol sidechains wherein the weight fraction of the polyol in the resin is less than 50 percent by weight and the polyol sidechain is attached to the polyamidoamine/epichlorohydrin resin by carbon-nitrogen bond, such as amide bond or secondary or tertiary amine bonds.

Abstract: Single-ply absorbent tissue paper wherein of the fibers incorporated in the web: (a) at least 20% by weight have a coarseness exceeding 23 mg/100 m; (b) at least about 20% by weight have a coarseness of less than about 12 mg/100 m; and (c) the weight average fiber coarseness to length ratio is less than about 8.5 mg/100 m/mm. The single-ply tissue having: a serpentine configuration; low sidedness; a basis weight of at least about 12.5 lbs. per 3000 square foot ream; specific total tensile strength between 40 and 200 g/3 inches/lb per 3000 square foot ream; a cross direction specific wet tensile strength between 2.75 and 20.0 g/3 inches/lb per 3000 square foot ream; an MD tensile to CD tensile ratio between 1.25 and 2.75; a specific geometric mean tensile stiffness between 0.5 and 3.2 g/inch/% strain per pound per 3000 square foot ream; a friction deviation less than 0.250; and a sidedness parameter less than 0.30.

Abstract: Paper products having high initial wet strengths are disclosed. The paper products comprise cellulosic fibers having free aldehyde groups, which fibers are combined with a water-soluble polymer having functional groups that are reacted with the aldehyde groups to form bonds joining the fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the cellulosic fibers contain a polysaccharide in which the hydroxyl groups of at least a portion of the repeating units of the polysaccharide are cis-hydroxyl groups, preferred repeating units being mannose and/or galactose. Similarly, the water-soluble polymer is preferably a polysaccharide in which the hydroxyl groups of at least a portion of the repeating units of the polysaccharide are cis-hydroxyl groups. Preferred polysaccharides are derived from one or more sugars selected from mannose, galactose, allose, altrose, gulose, talose and lyxose.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous disperion containing a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and an anionic hydrophobicailly modified cellulose-derivative, its preparation and use in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and an anionic hydrophobicailly modified cellulose-derivative, its preparation and use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose-reactive sizing agent. The invention further relates to a process for sizing cellulosic fibers by addition of an aqueous sizing dispersion containing a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and a hydroically modified dispersing agent to a stock containing cellulosic fibers, and optional fillers, and dewatering the stock on a wire to obtain a web containing cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing paper with improved strength by introducing into the paper pulp in the wet end of a paper making process an aqueous starch dispersion of a gelatinized cationic starch and a blocked glyoxal resin.

Abstract: A one-pass, non-tolerance dependent method for preparing paper size emulsions comprising an aqueous emulsion of a substituted cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride, a colloidal stabilizer, and a surfactant wherein the emulsion after one-pass through a dispersion system has an average particle size of less than 2 microns.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for sizing paper which comprises the step of coating paper with a composition comprising gellan gum and a derivatized starch wherein the derivatized starch and the gellan gum are present at a weight ratio of from 300:1 to 1000:1. Also provided by the invention are improved papers adapted for ink jet printing characterized by an ash content of from 5% to 30% by weight, permeability characterized by an HST score in the range of over 200 seconds and treated with a surface size comprising gellan gum and a derivatized starch wherein the derivatized starch and the gellan gum are present at a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1000.

Abstract: Novel polymers are provided having phosphonated and sulphonated substituent groups such that the polymers is multifunctional in its use. Optional amide substituents are used to reduce electrostatic charge density or for hydrogen bonding. An advantage of the polymer is the flexibility of using it for multiple purposes. A particular application is for bonding paper fillers and paper fiber together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of making a soft, thick, single-ply, absorbent paper in the form of a bathroom tissue, facial tissue, or napkin wherein the cellulosic fibers incorporated in the furnish comprise: (a) at least 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness exceeding 23 mg/100 m; (b) at least about 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness of less than about 1.2 mg/100 m; and (c) the weight average coarseness to length ratio of the fibers in the web is less than about 8.5 mg/100 m/mm having a serpentine configuration and to a process for the manufacture of such absorbent paper having a basis weight of about 15 lbs. per 3000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting: a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 200 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square foot ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 20.

Abstract: Improved water resistant acetal sizing agents including 1,1-octadecoxyoctadecane are provided along with methods for their synthesis including methods in which C8 to C30 alkyl bromides are reacted with a polyol under basic conditions and those in which a C8 to C30 primary alcohol is reacted with an organic base in the presence of a suitable oxidizing agent under basic conditions.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention further relates to a process for the production of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound which comprises incorporating a nitrogen-containing organic compound into a silica-based sol containing silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention also relates to the use of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica as a flocculating agent in the production of pulp and paper and in water purification.

Abstract: A process for improving gravure and offset printability of coated and uncoated printing papers by increasing filler share in the paper on the top and bottom sides or in the outer layers of the paper web by using a retention agent, and providing the outerlayers of the fiber bearing liquid forming the paper web with additional retention agent before or during sheet formation on or between the wires of the paper making machine.

Abstract: A soft, flexible yet strong paper product is provided from the unique configuration of particular pulp types, cationic wet strength resins, and anionic processing aids.

Abstract: Starch is added to the thinstock in a papermaking process in the form of a coagulated slurry containing undissolved starch particles, cationic polymeric flocculant and anionic microparticulate network agglomeration aid, such as bentonite. The flocculant and agglomeration aid interact to give network flocculation in which the starch particles are trapped. Improved retention of the starch in the resulting paper is achieved.

Abstract: A papermaking process consisting essentially of: forming an aqueous cellulosic papermaking slurry; adding to the slurry certain additives, with said certain additives selected from the group including: coagulants; sizing agents; and mineral fillers; draining the slurry to form a sheet; and drying the sheet to form a paper sheet; the improvement comprising adding to the slurry, prior to it being drained; an effective amount of a cationic dispersion polymer; which cationic dispersion polymer is a copolymer comprising about 30 mole % diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and about 70 mole % acrylamide (AcAm); and adding to the slurry, either before or after said cationic dispersion polymer is added and the slurry is drained, a microparticle selected from the group consisting of a) copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide; b) bentonite; and c) dispersed silica; with the proviso that said coagulant cannot be a cationic dispersion copolymer comprising about 30 mole % diallyldimethylammonium chloride

Abstract: Starch is modified with at least one cationic polymer P) and the modified starch is prepared by a process in which a) an anionically modified starch A) is reacted with a cationic polymer P) or b) a natural starch B) or a starch C) which has not been anionically modified is reacted with the cationic polymer P) in the presence of an anionic modifier M) and the polymer-modified starch is used.

Abstract: A highly densifiable wood pulp product is disclosed. In one embodiment, the densifiable product includes fibers having low coarseness, preferably having a fiber coarseness less than about 22 mg/100 m, and a densifying agent. In another embodiment, the densifiable product further includes fibers having coarseness greater than about 22 mg/100 m. Juvenile wood fibers are the preferred source of fibers having low coarseness. A densified pulp product formed by compacting a fibrous composite that includes fibers having a fiber coarseness less than about 22 mg/100 m, a densifying agent, and optionally, fibers having coarseness greater than about 22 mg/100 m is also disclosed. The pulp products can be advantageously incorporated into absorbent articles and can optionally further include superabsorbent material. Methods for forming the densifiable and densified fibrous products are also disclosed.

Abstract: The sizing agents are mixtures of alkenyl succinic anhydrides in which the alkenyl groups have in the range of about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms, and in which at least 97 wt % of the alkenyl groups are bifurcated on the alpha carbon atom into two branches neither of which has less than two carbon atoms. Other characteristics of the mixture are that (1) 20-50% of the bifurcated alkenyl groups have only one methyl or methylene substituent and no other side chain, and the remainder of such bifurcated groups have two straight chain branches (no side chain) emanating from the alpha carbon atom, (2) at least 3 alkenyl succinic anhydrides that differ in the number of alkenyl carbon atoms are each present in at least 5 wt % in the mixture, (3) no more than about 50 wt % of the alkenyl succinic anhydrides is any given alkenyl succinic anhydride or mixture of isomers having the same number of carbon atoms in their alkenyl groups, (4) the average number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl groups is ca.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for preparing an aqueous papermaking suspension containing a polyelectrolyte complex comprising providing an aqueous suspension of pulp fibers containing a water-soluble cationic polymer and a water-soluble anionic polymer that are reactable in the aqueous suspension to form the polyelectrolyte complex, and a multivalent cation having at least a +3 charge, and forming the polyelectrolyte complex. It also includes the process wherein the aqueous suspension of pulp fibers contains surface active carboxyl compounds and water-soluble anionic compounds. It further includes the process wherein the aqueous papermaking suspension is sheeted and dried to obtain paper of improved strength.

Abstract: A water-disintegratable cleaning sheet consisting of a fibrous sheet having incorporated thereinto, a binder of alkylcellulose; an electrolyte, and (a) a copolymer of a polymerizable acid anhydride and other compounds and/or (b) an amino acid. The water-disintegratable cleaning sheet has excellent water disintegratability and wet strength and further it is not degraded in the water disintegratability and wet strength after storage at high temperatures.

Abstract: Provided are alkenyl and/or alkyl succinimides formed from at least one alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride and at least one aliphatic amine having one or two primary amino groups in the molecule. These succinimides are characterized in that each alkenyl or alkyl group thereof contains in the range of 16 to 30 carbon atoms. Such group is bifurcated on its alpha carbon atom into two branches neither of which contains less than 2 carbon atoms, one such branch being free of any side chain, and the other such branch either being free of any side chain or containing at most one methyl or methylene side chain. In addition the succinimide has a viscosity at 80° C. of less than about 100 centistokes. These succinimides are especially useful as internal and external sizing agents for paper and paper products.

Abstract: A composition comprising cationic starch, cationic galactomannan gum (such as cationic guar, locust bean and fenugreek gum) and acid suitable as drainage aid and strength additive in papermaking.

Abstract: A method of vacuum forming of aqueous, fibrous slurries and products produced thereby are disclosed. The method entails forming an aqueous slurry of ceramic fiber, cationic starch and silica sol. The silica has, based on total weight of the sol, about 50% silica having a particle size range of from about 7 nm to about 200 nm and a specific surface area of about 100 m2/gm to about 10 m2/gm. The slurry is passed through a porous screen under a vacuum pressure deposit the solids content onto the screen to produce high strength products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to paper sizing emulsions, a method of making sizing emulsions, a method of sizing paper products, such as paper and board, and paper or board made using the method and the sizing emulsions of the invention. The paper sizing emulsions of the invention contains at least one sizing agent and a cationic liquid hydroxyalkylated starch that is pumpable and at least partially degraded. Typically, before dilution for mixing with the sizing material, the starch exists as a liquid in water and contains solids in an amount up to about 30 percent by weight, and has a viscosity of up to about 30,000 cps. The starch is diluted with water, before emulsifying the sizing agent to reduce the solids to an amount suitable for emulsification, and used to emulsify the sizing agent. The resulting emulsion can then be used to size paper and board.

Abstract: A lightweight, coated web printing paper is described for suitability in the cold-set printing process, which has specific values for water penetration and ink absorption and has gloss values in the 40-50% range for a smoothness in the range of 500 sec. Bekk.

Abstract: A microparticle composition for paper making includes finely divided particles of a water insoluble solid such as amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, and having an anionic charge of at least 20 millivolts, and preferably from about 40 to 60 millivolts, and a particle size of less than about 0.1 microns.

Abstract: Cationic polysaccharide derivatives are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide with a polycationic reagent having one polysaccharide reactive group and at least two cationic groups. Suitable reagents include polycationic alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic amines, some of which are novel compositions. The polycationic polysaccharide derivatives prepared from these reagents are useful in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: A one-ply paper tissue product and a method of making a one-ply paper product combining high strength and softness along with low sidedness. The paper tissue product exhibits a sidedness parameter of less than 0.3 preferably, less than 0.225, a tensile modulus of no more than 32 grams/percent strain, a GM MMD of no more than about 0.225, and a cross directional strength of at least 200 grams per 3 inches. In stratification tissues, these properties are obtained by control of stratification, particularly, chemical stratification and stratification of furnish when appropriate. The tissue has a sidedness parameter value of less than 0.3, preferably, about 0.15 to about less than 0.225. In homogenous tissue, these properties are obtained by adding a strength enhancing agent to separate furnish sources prior to the funish sources being combined, and further, optionally adding the softener to the nascent web.

Abstract: A method for internal sizing of paper using cationic starch is provided. The starch used is cationized with a mixture of epichlorhydrin, trimethylamine, and mono-or dimethylamine or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. Cationizing results in a higher molecular size of the starch, which has e.g. a beneficial effect on dewatering on the paper machine forming wire.

Abstract: Aqueous paper size dispersions comprising: a) at least one paper sizing compound, and b) a water-soluble dispersant containing at least two hydrophilic groups and at least one hydrophobic group. Processes for sizing paper utilizing the aqueous paper size dispersions, and paper made by the processes.

Abstract: A method of coagulating particulates, as in papermaking or water clarification applications, for example, is provided wherein a zeolite crystalloid coagulant is added to water containing the solid matter, a source of multivalent cations, and a cationic acrylamide polymer. The zeolite crystalloid coagulant is preferably prepared by admixing aqueous sodium silicate and sodium aluminate solutions to form a reaction mixture and allowing a reaction to proceed for a sufficient time to form a zeolite crystalloid coagulant particles having particle sizes of at least about 4 nm before terminating the reaction.

Abstract: A soft, bright and strong tissue paper product and a process for preparing such a tissue paper product is provided. The inventive tissue paper product is prepared from raw cotton linter fibers and demonstrates unexpected medical benefits or advantages in addition to a balance of properties.

Abstract: A novel method of improving drainage rate and retention of fines which is effective in unfilled, newsprint-type furnish without a silica/bentonite-type particle is disclosed. The method comprises adding a cationic or amphoteric starch, and a cationic polyelectrolyte followed by the addition of a high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of sizing paper comprising use of a sizing composition comprising: (a) at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic rosins having an acid number less than 50, thermoplastic hydrocarbon resins, thermoplastic polyamides and thermoplastic amide waxes; (b) starch; and (c) surfactant. The sizing takes place substantially in the absence of alum or other aluminum based fixing agents.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as dry strength additives comprising water soluble polyamidoamine/epchlorohydrin resin bearing polyol sidechains wherein the weight fraction of the polyol in the resin is less than 50 percent by weight and the polyol sidechain is attached to the polyamidoamine/epichlorohydrin resin by carbon-nitrogen bond, such as amide bond or secondary or tertiary amine bonds.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for sizing paper by adding to the surface of the paper a sizing composition comprising cellulose reactive and cellulose non-reactive size. The sized paper performs better in ink jet printing than does paper that is the same except that the size composition contains only cellulose reactive size or only cellulose non-reactive size, when the printing is evaluated for at least one property selected from the group consisting of optical density, feathering, wicking, edge roughness and bleed. The sized paper also has higher toner adhesion, a higher coefficient of friction and a lower coefficient of friction bandwidth than does paper that is the same except that the size composition contains only cellulose reactive size. The paper is also capable of performing effectively in tests that measure its convertibility on state-of-the-art converting equipment and its performance on high speed end-use machinery.

Abstract: Disclosed are a paper size consisting essentially of a) alkyl ketene dimer and/or alkenyl succinic acid anhydride; b) degraded, liquid cationic starch having a cationic charge density of 0.5 to 3.5 meqv/g, a degree of substitution of more than 0.1 and a viscosity of less than 10000 cps (30% by weight solution in water at 25.degree. C.); and c) water, and a process for making paper products in which this paper size is added to the pulp. The invention allows the production of AKD and/or ASA sizes on-site in paper plants using simple mixing equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply, absorbent paper in the form of a bathroom tissue, facial tissue, or napkin wherein the cellulosic fibers incorporated in the furnish comprise: (a) at least 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness exceeding 23 mg/100 m; (b) at least about 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness of less than about 1.2 mg/100 m; and (c) the weight average coarseness to length ratio of the fibers in the web is less than about 8.5 mg/100 m/mm having a serpentine configuration and to a process for the manufacture of such absorbent paper having a basis weight of about 15 lbs. per 3000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting:a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 200 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square foot ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 20.

Abstract: Disclosed is a soft, low density paper product made using papermaking fibers and a cationic temporary wet strength resin. Such paper products have a density less than about 0.6 grams per cubic centimeter, a basis weight is between about 10 and about 65 grams per square meter, a dry strength less than about 500 grams per inch (197 grams per centimeter), a ratio of an initial wet strength to the dry strength greater than about 0.15:1, and a ratio of a thirty minute wet strength to the initial wet strength less than about 0.4. Methods for producing such paper products are also disclosed. The paper products may be produced either as homogeneous structures or as multi-layered structures and may be either creped or uncreped.

Abstract: An insulation board suitable for use as a roof insulating board has a density between about 8 and about 15 pounds per cubic foot; a MOR/density ratio of at least 10.5 to 1 and includes, by dry weight, between about 45% and about 76% expanded perlite; between about 15% and about 45% cellulosic fibers; between about 0.1% and about 10% latex binder; between about 2% and about 9% bituminous material; and about 0% to about 3% alum.

Abstract: A coated aramid fiber is disclosed wherein the coating is a small amount of chitosan and the coated fiber is useful in manufacture of an improved friction paper. An improved friction paper is, also, disclosed wherein chitosan is present throughout the paper as a coating on all components.

Abstract: Paper and cardboard are produced by draining pulps, with sheet formation and drying of the sheets, by a process in which first(a) polyethyleneimines having a molar mass M.sub.w of more than 500,000 or polymers containing vinylamine units and having a molar mass of from 5000 to 3 million and then(b) cationic polyacrylamides or polymers containing vinylamine units, the molar masses M.sub.w of the polymers each being at least 4 million,are added to the pulps, and the pulp is then subjected to at least one shearing stage and is flocculated by adding bentonite, colloidal silica or clay.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry for manufacturing water soluble or dispersible paper for use in medical device packaging. The slurry has a solid component consisting of methylcellulose and paper pulp. The slurry also has a liquid component consisting of water and an alkylalcohol. The methylcellulose remains in a substantially undissolved state in the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of paper on a paper machine containing a dilution headbox in which a main aqueous flow containing cellulosic fibres and filler is mixed in said headbox with a diluting aqueous flow to form a resulting aqueous flow which is ejected onto a wire and dewatered to form a web of paper, wherein one or more components providing improved retention are introduced into the main aqueous flow and an additive resulting in slower dewatering and/or being selected from non-ionic and anionic organic polymers is introduced into the diluting aqueous flow.