Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, polyglycerols having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 800, polyoxyethylene glycols and polyoxypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 1000.

Abstract: A high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric is disclosed. The composite fabric contains more than about 70 percent, by weight, pulp fibers which are hydraulically entangled into a continuous filament substrate. This high pulp content composite nonwoven fabric may be used as a heavy duty wiper or as a fluid distribution material, cover material, and/or absorbent material in an absorbent personal care product. Also disclosed is a method of making the high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a mineral oil, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a nonfunctional-polysiloxane, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: A method of making paper in an alkaline or acid system wherein a selected crosslinked, cationized or amphoteric starch is added to the system, said starch being crosslinked by adding enough crosslinking agent to provide a starch having a breakdown viscosity of from about 2 to 85% and wherein the crosslinked, cationized or amphoteric starch is jet cooked under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of from about 195.degree. to 325.degree. F.

Abstract: An alkaline paper is produced by adding a cationic starch containing an alkyltetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiadiazine-2-thione or a bromonitroalcohol, and an alkylketene dimer to a paper stock. Formation of slime in the paper stock system is substantially inhibited and an alkaline paper excellent in sizing characteristics and safety to man is obtained.

Abstract: Degradable particulate absorbent materials and processes for manufacture, wherein the absorbent materials have: i) in most forms of the invention, on the order of not more than 10% by weight inorganic solids or "fillers" and in all cases less than 30% inorganic solids by weight; ii) an open, porous, shot-like fiber structure with low bulk density on the order of not more than 30 lbs./ft..sup.3 and, preferably, in the range of 15 to 18 lbs./ft..sup.3.

Abstract: Cationic polysaccharide derivatives are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide with a polycationic reagent having one polysaccharide reactive group and at least two cationic groups. Suitable reagents include polycationic alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic amines, some of which are novel compositions. The polycationic polysaccharide derivatives prepared from these reagents are useful in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: A polyelectrolyte complex comprising at least one water-soluble, linear, high molecular weight, low charge density cationic polymer having a reduced specific viscosity greater than 2 deciliters/gram (at 0.05 weight % in a 2M NaCl solution at 30.degree. C.) and a charge density of 0.2 to 4 milliequivalents/gram (meq/g), and at least one water-soluble, anionic polymer having a charge density less than 5 meq/g, an aqueous system comprising the polyelectrolyte complex, a composition comprising the polymers which form the polyelectrolyte complex, and paper comprising the polyelectrolyte complex. It is also directed to a process comprising (1) forming an aqueous suspension of cellulosic fibers; (2) adding a strengthening additive so that the aforementioned polyelectrolyte complex is incorporated into the aqueous suspension of cellulosic fibers; and (3) sheeting and drying the fibers to form the desired cellulosic web.

Abstract: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 100% by weight of open-chain N-vinylcarboxamides(b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of(B) natural substances containing saccharide structures, such as mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 20:80 and, if required, subsequent hydrolysis of the amido groups of the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of amino groups, and said polymers are used as dry and wet strength agents for paper, board and cardboard.

Abstract: A method for imparting wet strength to paper with improved water absorbency, that comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of cellulosic paper stock a neutral or alkaline-curing thermosetting wet-strength resin, a water-soluble polymer containing carboxyl groups or carboxylate ions as their alkali metal or ammonium salts, and a substantially non-thermosetting tertiary-amino polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin.

Abstract: Paper that is uniquely suitable for use in the aseptic packaging of foods, beverages, and the like is produced via a two step sizing process comprising an internal size step and a surface size step. The internal size includes approximately 1.0% anionic rosin and about 1.3 to 2.6% alum (based on the dry pulp weight) blended to a 4.0 to 4.5 pH controlled papermachine headbox stock furnish. Following web formation and drying, the surface size is applied with a composition including about 0.025 to 0.050% alkyl ketene dimer (based on the dry pulp weight) blended with a traditional starch formulation and sufficient sodium bicarbonate to both neutralize any unreacted alum present near the surface of the internally sized web and to produce a paper having a water extractable pH level of from about 4.0 to below 6.0. Secondary web drying follows the surface size application.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of paper from pulp employs at least one graft copolymer of starch selected from the group consisting of starch graft-polymethacrylic acid, starch graft-polyacrylic acid, cationic starch graft-polymethacrylic acid and cationic starch graft-polyacrylic acid as a wet-end additive. The graft copolymer preferably has an add on amount of acid of from about 0.1 to about 50% based on the weight of the starch, and is typically added to cellulosic pulp in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10% based on the weight of the pulp. Such wet-end additives are also useful in processes involving relatively high alum levels of up to about 15 or 25%, based on the weight of the pulp.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in a pulp and papermaking system comprising adding to the system an effective amount of a detackifying composition comprising a charged polymer and an oppositely charged surfactant, with the proviso that at least the polymer or the surfactant be surface active.

Abstract: A water-disintegrable cleaning sheet comprising a web of water-dispersible fibers having incorporated thereinto a water-soluble binder having a carboxyl group; at least one metallic ion selected from the group consisting of ions of alkaline earth metals, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel; and an aqueous cleaning agent containing an organic solvent, is disclosed. The sheet satisfies both water disintegrability and strength even when cotained a cleaning agent of high water content.

Abstract: Cellulose fibre containing products in sheet or web form, such as paper and pulp sheets, are produced from a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, to which is added anionic inorganic particles, such as bentonite and silica based particles, and a cationic carbohydrate polymer containing aluminum. The cationic carbohydrate polymers are cationic galactomannans or cationic starch. High cationized starch with a degree of substitution of at least 0.07 are especially suitable.

Abstract: Archival quality aperture cards manufactured from stock formulation including:1. between 40 and 60% southern softwood kraft pulp;2. between 60 and 40% northern mixed hardwood pulp;3. between 1.5 and 2.5% on total pulp, calcium carbonate for alkaline reserve;4. between 0.05 and 1.0% on total pulp, alkyl ketene dimer as an internal sizing agent;5. between 0.2 and 1.0% on total pulp, cationic potato starch for internal bonding improvements;6. between 0.5 and 2.0% on total pulp, cationic potato starch as a surface sizing agent;7. between 0.5 and 2.5% solids added to the surface sizing agent, alkyl ketene dimer as a slip agent; and8. between 0.01 and 0.3% dyed rayon granitizing fibers.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock in the presence of a nonhydrolyzed copolymer which contains, as polymerized units,(a) from 99 to 1 mol % of N-vinylformamide and(b) from 1 to 99 mol % of one or more water-soluble basic monomers of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or (--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--).sub.n H, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylene, n is from 1 to 6 and Y.sup..crclbar. is an anion, in an amount of from 0.01 to 3.5% by weight, based on dry paper stock.

Abstract: The manufacture of sag-resistant, lightweight structural mineral panels on a foraminous support wire is accomplished by forming a dilute aqueous dispersion of mineral fiber and/or aggregate and an anionically stabilized latex binder, coupling the binder solids onto the mineral fiber materials by adding a small amount of a flocculant such as a cationic polyacrylamide, and passing the slurry onto a first flooded section of the support wire to form an open, entangled, structural mass having water in interstitial spaces of the entangled mass. Water is stripped from the mass and the mass dried without collapse of the open structure by passing heated dry air through the open entangled structure.

Abstract: An alkenylsuccinic anhydride type paper sizing agent composition which causes little contamination of a paper machine and exhibits an excellent sizing effect is provided.The paper sizing agent composition contains addition reaction products obtained from an addition reaction between a straight-chain internal olefin comprising 16 to 20 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride, any unreacted olefin and maleic anhydride having been removed from said addition reaction products; said addition reaction products comprising as a main component alkenylsuccinic anhydride (1:1 adduct) represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein both of R and R' are alkyl groups or either one of R and R' is an alkyl group while the other is a hydrogen atom; and a 1:2 adduct (2 moles maleic anhydride per mole of olefin), and a decarbonated product of said 1:2 adduct in a total amount, based on said addition reaction products, of from about 7 to about 12 mol%.

Abstract: Paper suitable for use in corrugated shipping containers is provided. Medium paper of this invention has a basis weight of at least about 15 pounds and a relatively high cross-direction crush resistance typically exceeding 2.4 pounds force per six inches width per unit base weight of the oven-dried product in lbs/1000 ft.sup.2. Linerboard of this invention has a correspondingly greater cross-direction crush resistance. The paper is preferably produced by applying starch solutions at high percent solids at elevated temperatures using a size press technique to provide at least about 30% of the starch in a defined inner zone of the paper sheet. The strength of the paper is improved through a carefully controlled distribution of the starch throughout the thickness of the paper.

Abstract: In a papermaking process a paper product is formed from a mineral filler containing cellulosic slurry. Retention performance is provided by the sequential addition of a cationic charge-biasing species, an anionic flocculant, and then a certain microparticle. A shear stage is interposed between the flocculant addition and the microparticle addition. The microparticle is a inorganic, cationic source of aluminum.

Abstract: Tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent products such as napkins, facial tissues, and sanitary tissues, and processes for making the webs. The tissue paper webs comprise papermaking fibers, a quaternary ammonium compound, a polyhydroxy plasticizer, and a temporary wet strength resin. The process comprises a first step of forming an aqueous papermaking furnish from the above-mentioned components. The second and third steps in the basic process are the deposition of the papermaking furnish onto a foraminous surface such as a Fourdrinier photo-polymer wire and removal of the water from the deposited furnish. An alternate process involves the use of the furnish containing the aforementioned components in a papermaking process which will produce a pattern densified fibrous web having a relatively high bulk field of relatively low fiber density in a patterned array of spaced zones of relatively high fiber density.

Abstract: Sizing agents of which some are novel and which have at least one anionic or acidic group which is optionally in the form of a salt and at least two hydrophobic substituents which each have at least 5 carbon atoms, at least two of the most adjacent hydrophobic substituents being bonded to each other with a linking member which has at least 2 hetero atoms, are particularly suitable for use, together with commercially available polymeric, cationic retention aids, in a process for sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Processes for making paper are disclosed wherein a cationic polymer and an amorphous metal silicate material are added to a paper furnish prior to introduction of the furnish to the headbox of a paper making apparatus.

Abstract: A process for making soft tissue paper which includes the steps of wet-laying cellulosic fibers to form a web, applying to the wet web, at a fiber consistency level of from about 10% to about 80%, a polysiloxane material, and then drying and creping the web to form the finished tissue paper. The process may further include the steps of applying an effective amount of a surfactant material to enhance softness and/or wettability control; and/or an effective amount of a binder material, such as starch, for linting control, and/or to contribute tensile strength to the tissue paper.

Abstract: Stabilized aqueous C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyldiketene emulsions containing, as essential components:(a) from 10 to 60% w/w of at least one C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyldiketene,(b) from 1 to 10% w/w of at least one protective colloid and(c) from 0.1 to 20% w/w of at least one ester of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each denote C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, R.sup.1 differing in this case from R.sup.2 by at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, and/or the same or different C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkenyl groups, or at least one ester of the formula R.sup.3 --O--CO--O--R.sup.4 (II), in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl or alkenyl radicals of from 2 to 22 carbon atoms or at least one urethane of formula III ##STR2## in which R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different alkyl or alkenyl radicals of from 2 to 22 carbon atoms and one of the substituents R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: A composition and its method of use are disclosed for controlling rheology of an aqueous dye, which composition comprises 1-30 parts of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof and 70-99 parts of a water soluble polysaccharide having aliginate equivalent rheology, preferably an alginate. Also disclosed is a color imparting composition for fabric or carpet printing which comprises 99-99% of an aqueous dye component and 1-10% of the rheology control component. The polysaccharide is preferably an alginate, starch, cellulosic polymer or guar gum or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A paper for fiber reinforcement in a base layer of a cellulose-based packaging film, in particular a tubular artificial sausage casing, or for tea-bags, wherein the paper includes alginic acid and/or an alginate which is substantially insoluble in water. A process for producing the paper which includes adding a water-soluble alginate to an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers and precipitating the water-soluble alginate so as to form a substantially water-insoluble alginic acid or alginate.

Abstract: A receiving material for ink-jet printing includes a polyolefin coated base paper and an ink receiving layer applied on the front face thereof, and the receiving layer contains a mixture of gelatin and starch.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing paper is characterized by the fact that there is introduced into the fibrous composition constituting the starting or raw material, at two or several points, particularly in the wet end, separately from one another, one (or several) cationic starch(es) and one (or several) anionic starch(es) other than a starch phosphate.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper by forming and dewatering a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, on a wire. The forming and dewatering is carried out in the presence of a combination of an aluminum compound, a cationic retention agent and a polymeric silicic acid having a high specific surface area. The combination of substances improves dewatering and retention of fines and fillers.

Abstract: A process in which fine paper is made by forming an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising fibers, a precipitated calcium carbonate filler and a cationic starch strengthening agent, passing the suspension through one or more shear stages, draining the suspension to form a sheet and drying the sheet. The retention and drainage properties of the suspension are substantially improved via the addition of a cationic coagulant having a molecular weight in the range between about 2,000 to about 500,000 to the suspension prior to any of the shear stages, an anionic flocculant having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 to the suspension after the low molecular weight coagulant but before any of the shear stages, and an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of: bentonite, colloidal silica and other inorganic microparticle materials, to the suspension after at least one of the shear stages.

Abstract: A new cationized subsequently cross-linked starch is described in connection with improved method of paper making in the wet-end system of a paper machine utilizing a Neutral or Alkaline furnish.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a paper having improved properties, a process of producing the paper, and compositions used in the process of producing the paper. The invention generally comprises using a cationic starch in combination with a naturally anionic polysaccharide gum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet obtained by a papermaking process and usable as a product that can be substituted for conventional products referred to as impregnated glass covering products. The sheet essentially contains cellulose fibers, non-cellulose fibers, a thermoplastic powder of specified grain size, and a binder. It is optionally covered with a layer of plasticizer for the thermoplastic powder. Its resistance to traction-delamination increases with grain size. It is applicable as a backing, in particular to floor or wall coverings.

Abstract: Iron salts hydrolyzable to ferric hydroxide are provided as retention agents for size in the production of paper and paperboard to aid in water repellence, reduce pollutants, and create other beneficial effects.

Abstract: A film forming composition useful as a paper size is described which includes 1-20 parts, preferably 2-15 parts, by weight of a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum and mixtures thereof; 3-20 parts, preferably 5-17 parts, by weight of a water soluble alginate; and 60-100 parts, preferably 70-90 parts, by weight of starch, polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethylcellulose, with the gum:alginate ratio being not greater than 1:1, preferably not greater than 1:2. The balance of the composition will primarily be water. Additives such as sodium hexametaphosphate may also be present.

Abstract: Addition of hectorite and a cationic starch to the furnish in a paper making operation improves the retention of filler material and the quality of the paper.

Abstract: A method for making papers which comprises: using a paper sizing agent comprising as an effective component an .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, ##STR2## and R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof. The paper sizing agent used in the method can exhibit the excellent sizing effect in paper making under the condition of the wide pH-range from pH 3 to pH 9, and has an excellent storage stability. Further the method is excellent in workability and high in industrial value.

Abstract: A process of making paper by forming a paper furnish comprised of cellulosic fibers or cellulosic fibers and mineral filler material suspended in water, depositing the furnish on a papermaking wire, and forming a sheet out of the solid components of the furnish while carried on the wire, the improvement wherein there is mixed into the furnish, prior to its being deposited on the wire, about 0.50 to 5 percent of cationic starch (based on the dry weight of total solids in the furnish) followed by about 5 to 20 percent of a water soluble carboxymethyl) cellulose (based on the weight of the cationic starch).

Abstract: Tissue paper having a soft, silky, flannel-like tactile feel through incorporation of an effective amount of a chemical additive such as, for example, a polysiloxane. Preferably, less than about 2% of such a chemical additive on a dry fiber weight basis, is incorporated in the tissue paper: more preferably, only about 0.3% or less is so retained. Tissue paper embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a quantity of surfactant material to enhance softness and/or surface smoothness and/or wettability control; and/or a quantity of a binder material such as starch for linting control. For example, embodiments which would otherwise manifest a significant reduction in wettability due to incorporated chemical additives may further comprise sufficient surfactant to at least partially offset the reduction of wettability induced by the chemical additive: e.g., for tiolet tissue embodiments to be sufficiently wettable to be handled in contemporary sewage handling and disposal systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for sizing in the production of paper, cardboard, paperboard and other cellulose-containing materials with and without filling materials and/or pigments by natural or synthetic sizing agents under neutral to weakly basic pH conditions without the use of aluminum salts, wherein sizing is carried out with a combination of natural or synthetic sizing agents with a cationic dicyandiamide resin.

Abstract: A filler composition that is suitable for use in the manufacture of paper, board, wet-laid non-wovens or other fibrous sheet materials comprises (preferably flocculated) filler particles (e.g. mineral fillers such as clay, talc or calcium carbonate) attached to fibres (e.g. synthetic organic fibres such as polyester or aramid fibres) by means of a coupling agent. These fibres generally have an average fibre length of 4 mm or more. Suitable coupling agents include oligomeric and other polymeric materials such as modified starch, cellulose ethers and derivatives thereof, modified natural gums, ketene dimers or poly(vinyl alcohol). Colloidal silica or colloidal bentonite clay may also be included. The filler composition is preferably added to the stock before the latter reaches the flowbox of the sheet-making machine. The invention allows high levels of filler to be achieved while maintaining satisfactory strength properties, in particular tear strength, in the sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polysaccharide derivative having the structure: ##STR1## and a polysaccharide graft polymer having the structure: Sacch--O--(G).sub.m --(M)--.sub.n, wherein Sacch- is a polysaccharide; m is zero or one; G is the residue of a polymerizable, unsaturated monomer which is bonded to the polysaccharide in an ether or ester linkage; n is greater than one; M is the residue of one or more polymerizable, unsaturated, monomer(s), at least one of which is a siloxane-containing monomer, which have been grafted to the polysaccharide by free radical polymerization; R is an organic group which is bonded to the polysaccharide by an ether or ester linkage and to the silicon by a carbon-silicon linkage; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl group, or an aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl groups, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl groups, or alkoxides of straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An invert size for the engine and tub sizing of paper. It contains an aqueous dispersion of a fortified, unfortified, hydrogenated, or disproportionated and optionally esterified rosin or mixture of such rosins and of a dispersant that contains digested casein or an emulsifier of the general formula[R--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--A].sub.x.sup.- M.sup.X+(I)wherein R is an alkylphenyl, alkyl, or alkenyl group or a cycloalkyl group with condensed rings, A is a group with the formula --CH.sub.2 COO or --SO.sub.3, M.sup.x+ is a cation, x is 1 or 2, and n is a number such that approximately 21 to 76% of the molecular weight of the anion is in the --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 group. To allow sizing control, the dispersant also contains cationic starch.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polysaccharide derivative having the structure: ##STR1## and a polysaccharide graft polymer having the structure: Sacch-O-(G).sub.m -(M)-.sub.n, wherein Sacch- is a polysaccharide; m is zero or one; G is the residue of a polymerizable, unsaturated monomer which is bonded to the polysaccharide in an ether or ester linkage; n is greater than one; M is the residue of one or more polymerizable, unsaturated, monomer(s), at least one of which is a siloxane-containing monomer, which have been grafted to the polysaccharide by free radical polymerization; R is an organic group which is bonded to the polysaccharide by an ether or ester linkage and to the silicon by a carbon-silicon linkage; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl group, or an aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl groups, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl groups, or alkoxides of straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Dry market pulp is made by shearing a cellulosic suspension and draining it through a screen to form a pulp sheet which is then dried, and the productivity of the process is increased by adding a water soluble cationic polymer before the shearing and bentonite or other suitable inorganic material after the shearing.

Abstract: The stiffness of paper is enhanced by the addition thereto of a composition consisting essentially of an acrylamide polymer and glyoxal with or without starch.

Abstract: Improved non-crosslinked and non-degraded amphoteric starch derivatives containing tertiary amino or quaternary ammonium groups and anionic phosphate groups are disclosed. The derivatives which are defined by a minimum bound phosphorus content, a minimum viscosity and other criteria have use as wet-end additives and provide improved drainage properties in the manufacture of paper.