Abstract: An incombustible material containing at least one mineral substance, and including a first ingredient composed of a plurality of pieces constituted by fibers of cellulose and/or chips of wood shavings, with the pieces forming a network, a mass of thermosetting synthetic resin gluing the pieces of the first ingredient together, and particles of calcium sulfate, boric acid and an at least partially glass or ceramic forming mineral adhering to the fibers and/or chips.

Abstract: Method of producing fiberboard products according to the so-called dry method from lignocellulosic fiber material in which the fiber material discharged from a defibrating apparatus in an environment of steam is propelled in a stream of heated air to remove substantially all moisture therefrom. The thus dried fibers are deposited on an underlying moving perforated screen to form a mat in which the fibers are oriented at random while propellant air is evacuated therefrom. The thus formed mat is wetted by adding water thereto while it is being advanced by the screen into a hot press where the wetted fibers are compressed and bonded in their random orientation, with consequent removal of water. The amount of water added in the wetting step is proportioned to be effective in itself to bond the fibers without use of extraneous bonding or adhesive substance.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a non-woven, boron nitride-bonded boron nitride fiber mat, suitable for use as an electric cell separator in a lithium-sulfide battery. Molten boron oxide is centrifugally spun into strands and attenuated by an annular gas stream into fibers which are compacted at a controlled relative humidity into a bundle and heated in an anhydrous ammonia atmosphere to convert boron oxide in the fibers to boron nitride (BN). The BN fibers are blended with a lesser amount of boron oxide fibers and a nonaqueous liquid medium to form a slurry. The slurry is processed through a Fourdrinier machine to form a felt; and, the felt is calendered by passing it through the nip of a pair of calender rolls at an appropriate temperature and pressure to soften the boron oxide binder to fuse the BN fibers together. The interstitial boron oxide then is converted to boron nitride.

Abstract: A bulky, soft and absorbent creped paper web is manufactured by supporting an uncompacted wet web of principally lignocellulosic fibers on an imprinting fabric having compaction elements, for example knuckles formed at the warp and weft crossover points of the filaments of an open mesh fabric. The imprinting fabric has a surface void volume of from about 15 cc/m.sup.2 to about 250 cc/m.sup.2, preferably from about 40 cc/m.sup.2 to about 150 cc/m.sup.2, and a compaction element contact area constituting from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 20% to about 35%, of the total surface of the imprinting fabric. The web is selectively mechanically dewatered or pre-dried by passing the web through a first compression nip formed between the imprinting fabric and a dewatering felt at a pressure in a range from about 20 pli to about 600 pli so that significant compacting of the web occurs in the vicinity of the compaction elements.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a non-woven, boron nitride-bonded boron nitride fiber mat, suitable for use as an electric cell separator in a lithium-sulfide battery. A web having a combination of structural boron nitride (BN) fibers and interstitial, thermally bondable boron oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) fibers is passed through the nip of a pair of cooperating calender rolls at an appropriate temperature and pressure to soften the boron oxide binder throughout the web to fuse the BN fibers together. The interstitial boron oxide then is heated in an anhydrous ammonia atmosphere to convert it into boron nitride.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a non-woven boron nitride (BN) fiber felt. Boron nitride fibers are blended with a lesser amount of boron oxide fibers and a nondissolving, anhydrous liquid medium to form a homogeneous slurry. The slurry is deposited on the moving screen of a Fourdrinier machine where the liquid content is gradually reduced until sufficient fiber to fiber contact is made to provide internal cohesiveness, to form a felt. The felt may be further treated by heating it in an anhydrous gas atmosphere at a sufficient temperature to soften the boron oxide binder to fuse the BN fibers together, and then converting the interstitial boron oxide into boron nitride. The resulting boron nitride-bonded boron nitride felt may be used as an electric cell separator in a lithium sulfide battery.

Abstract: An improved method of making imprinted paper on a Yankee dryer type papermaking machine wherein a substantial length portion of a loop of imprinting fabric post-wraps an arcuate sector of the Yankee dryer immediately after a pressure roll-Yankee dryer nip, and by being tensioned imposes radially inwardly acting compressive loading on a corresponding length portion of the web disposed between the fabric and the dryer surface. This enables, for instance, improved Yankee dryer speed, improved web tension and edge control of the paper when creped off the Yankee dryer, reduced use of adhesive on the Yankee dryer surface, improved fiber transfer efficiency, and reduced energy consumption per ton of paper made.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing heat-sealed proofed paper solely using a Fourdrinier machine for paper or card with one or more layers, wherein the paper or card leaving the dry section of the Fourdrinier machine, forms a continuous layer with heat-sealing and impermeable properties, by utilizing polyolefin synthetic fibers in a layer scattered uniformly and heated at the top surface of the layer to around melting temperature of the polyolefin fibers in a further heating step after a drying step. Then the polyolefin layer while close to the melting temperature of the polyolefin fibers is pressed between calender rollers until interpenetration and contact has taken place, and then cooled at the exit of the calender rollers.

Abstract: The method and mechanism for removing water from a traveling paper web including carrying the web through a first nip and then immediately on the offrunning side of the nip blanketing the web surface with steam and carrying the web up along a suction roll holding the steam onto the surface of the web and causing it to permeate the web without air getting onto the web surface following the nip.

Abstract: Permanently embossed, highly porous wallpapers are produced by preparing a sheet from a mixture of up to 90% by weight of cellulose fibers and at least 10% by weight of fibrils of at least one thermoplastic polymer, and subjecting the sheet, in any order, to the following operations:(a) embossing at a temperature lower than the softening temperature of the thermoplastic fiber; and(b) heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer.The term "fibrils" refers to elongated structures in the form of films or fibers of varying length comprised between about 1.0 mm and about 50 mm and the minor diameter or dimension of which is comprised between about 1.0 and 400 micron.

Abstract: A photographic support is produced by heat consolidating paper made wholly of thermoplastic synthetic fibres. The consolidation is carried out in such a way as to produce a homogeneous surface film having a desired surface finish for receiving a photographic coating, a fully bonded but still fibrous layer adjacent the film, and a lightly bonded fibrous layer adjacent the fully bonded fibrous layer. The homogeneous surface film is produced in such a manner that its surface is substantially free of pits. This may be achieved by consolidating the web by heating it on one surface while cooling it on the other surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing paper, cardboard, or another equivalent fiber web having a certain stretchability and/or a high coefficient of friction includes the steps of shortening or upsetting a paper web just prior to conveying the latter to a press section while adhering the web at the press section to a fabric in the form of a suitable felt or wire which is common to successive press nips of the press section for conveying the web to the successive press nips, these press nips including first and second press nips where the web is engaged by an additional endless fabric structure in the form of suitable felt or wire so that at least at the first and second press nips the web is sandwiched between a pair of fabrics, with this additional fabric structure being spaced from the part of the web which travels from the first to the second press nip.

Abstract: The electrostatic recording material comprises an electroconductive transparent base sheet having a dielectric layer thereon. The base sheet is obtained by moistening a paper prepared from relatively lightly beaten pulp and then subjecting the moistened paper to a calendering treatment with the use of a heated embossing metal roll having a finely engraved surface with sharp reliefs.

Abstract: A laminated structure of sheets of fibrous cellulosic and polymeric materials is prepared upon a multiple plane table cardboard manufacturing machine by forming a sheet of cellulosic fibers from a pulp thereof on at least one of the plane tables of the machine, forming a sheet of polyolefinic fibrids from a pulp thereof on a second plane table of the machine, and forming a cellulosic fiber-polyolefinic fibrid sheet from a pulp thereof on a third plane table of the machine, joining those sheets in superposed position so that the sheet of cellulosic fibers is in the middle, drying the superposed sheets, and then calendering the dry superposed sheets at a temperature not lower than that necessary to melt at least partially the polyolefinic fibrids.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for texturing, softening and building bulk into a non-woven fabric web, such as tissue or toweling paper, wherein the paper is passed through a plurality of nipped rolls while interposed between a pair of screens. In the preferred embodiment, each screen is comprised of metal and plastic shute and warp strands, respectively. The web is passed through a first texturing nip while wet and then dried before passing through subsequent nips to effect the texturing and softening of the web.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulosic products which are particularly suitable for use as electrical insulators. The product is produced by creping base paper or stock and thereafter calendering the paper so that its final density is equal or greater than its starting density. The resulting creped product desirably has a density in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter, an increased Gurley densometer reading and has such mechanical and electrical properties as flexibility, extensibility and insulative effect.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sheet containing mineral fibers and binder. An aqueous suspension containing fibers and binder is formed into a layer. The layer is de-watered to form a wet sheet. Additional binder is applied evenly to the entire surface of the de-watered sheet. The sheet is then dried. The sheet may be compressed to an extent of 20% during drying.

Abstract: A paper-manufacturing machine and method include the feature of detaching a web from a forming wire by utilizing a stationary transfer suction box past which a felt travels while contacting the web so that the latter becomes detached from the forming wire and adheres to the felt while travelling with the latter beyond the forming wire. The felt and web are lapped through a substantial angle around a roll having a recessed surface whiletravelling toward the first press nip of a press section, and at this roll around which the felt and web are lapped a means is provided for directing steam toward the web and through the latter and the felt inwardly toward the recessed surface of the guide roll so that the flowing steam will on the one hand heat water carried by the web to enhance dewatering of the web at the first press nip while on the other hand the steam will serve to maintain the web reliably in engagement with the felt as the latter travels toward the first press nip.

Abstract: A medium density, high strength lignocellulose composition board comprises on a dry weight basis from 60 to 95% lignocellulose particles and from 5 to 40% exhaustively hydrated cellulosic gel binder, the gel binder being characterized in its gel condition by a TAPPI drain time of at least 350 seconds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provided at the initial stages of the drying section in a paper making machine for reliably transporting the web from the press section to the drying section and for reliably transporting the web at the initial drying section stage including a group of drying cylinders including a pair of substantially horizontal rows of drying cylinders located one above the other defining an upper drying cylinder row and a lower drying cylinder row and a web supporting lower endless drying belt extending alternately between drying cylinders in said upper and lower drying cylinder rows alternately lapping sectors of the drying cylinders in the upper and lower rows. In its transport over these drying cylinders the web is separated from the drying cylinders in the upper cylinder row by the lower drying belt while the web is in contact with the drying cylinders in the lower cylinder row.

Abstract: Dewatering of a paper web is enhanced by steam treatment in the press section of a papermaking machine wherein the web is continuously passed around a substantial sector of a suction roll between two nips formed with the suction roll by a water-receiving roll and a plain roll. A steam box is mounted adjacent the web between the nips to subject the web to treatment steam in that sector. The steam can be saturated or superheated.

Abstract: A mineral board product is formed having a low density backing layer and a high density damage-resistant surface layer on conventional fourdrinier equipment in a continuous wet-laid process by initially forming a low density water-laid sheet by flowing a slurry of the board-forming materials onto the wire of a fourdrinier and, at that point on the wire where the mat has formed but at which the water content is between about 7.0 and 12.0 percent, a surfacing layer is applied by means of a secondary head box to the mat, the slurry forming said surfacing layer having a slurry consistency of between about 10 and 15 percent and a Canadian Standard Freeness of between about 150 and 300.

Abstract: A Yankee paper machine, particularly for the production of MG (machine glazed) paper and creped tissue, in which the formed paper web is sandwiched between a Yankee felt and a lower felt, pressed in a first nip between a suction roll and a dewatering roll, carried on the Yankee felt around the suction roll and pressed in a second nip between the suction roll and a Yankee cylinder. The web is adhered to the Yankee cylinder and the Yankee felt is detached from the web, passed around separate rolls and returned to the web on the Yankee cylinder in a third nip which in which adherance of the web to the Yankee cylinder is assured.

Abstract: A method of producing an inorganic substance board, wherein after preparation, such as by use of paper making process, the board is hardened in an autoclave with saturated steam at a high temperature, high pressure and for a suitable length of time, and after hardening, subjecting the board to one or more drying cycles comprising a vacuum treatment at 60 to 300 Torrs, for a suitable length of time to enable the core of the board to reach a suitable temperature, the application of saturated steam at 2 to 12 Kg/cm.sup.2 pressure and 120 to 190.degree. C temperature for a period of time sufficient to allow the core to reach a suitable temperature. The number of cycles is preferably 10 or less. Advantageously, the inventive drying treatment prevents efflorescence and warping of the boards.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for controlling the caliper of a web, such as a continuous paper sheet issuing from a nip of a plural-roll device, such as a calender. One or more rolls of the device is subjected to a multiplicity of air jets issuing substantially at constant flow rates but at temperatures which may vary as desired from nozzles spaced lengthwise of the roll.

Abstract: A high density insulating board is produced by a process which includes forming a wet multi-ply board of fibrous material, substantially free of resin, on the roll of a wet cylinder machine, drying the board, placing the dry board in a press, and then hot pressing the board at a differential temperature of about 15.degree. to about 40.degree. F across the board for at least 30 seconds.

Abstract: During the manufacture of a paper product such as paper or cardboard, a moving web of sheet material which is to form the paper product is lapped over a roll while the relatively smooth, hard surface of a smoothing member is pressed against an outer surface region of the sheet material across the entire width thereof while an inner surface region thereof engages the roll, so as to impart in this way desired characteristics to the surface of the web engaged by the smoothing member, with a frictional rubbing action being provided between the web and the surface of the smoothing member. The above roll may be the roll of a press section, a drying section, or a calendering section of a paper machine, and a suitable support structure carries the smoothing member to maintain the latter in engagement with the moving web. The smoothing member may be fixed to the supporting structure or may take the form of a smoothing roller supported for rotary movement by the supporting structure.

Abstract: A method and mechanism for forming a continuous traveling web from bagasse fibers including forming a web between a pair of looped traveling wires to dewater from both sides of the formed web, lifting the formed web off of one of the wires and immediately passing the web through a first press nip sandwiched between two press felts with the web continually being supported between the forming wire and first nip, carrying the web on the upper side of one of the felts to a second nip and passing the web between two felts in the second nip, bringing the web to a dryness of at least 30% in the first two double felted nips, transferring the web onto a plain roll and passing it through third and fourth nips on the plain roll with felts outwardly of the web and removing the web from the plain roll to transfer it to a dryer section.

Abstract: A process for preparing a non-combustible hardboard sheet is disclosed. The process comprises the formation of relatively low density insulation board type product which is dried, whereafter the board is wetted on both sides and compressed at relatively high temperatures to form a dense non-combustible hardboard product.

Abstract: Modified paper which exhibits high tear resistance and toughness and which contains a high percentage of straw fibers and which has fibers consolidated in a three step process including drawing water off by vacuum, press drying and fiber upsetting.

Abstract: A process for preparing a non-combustible hardboard sheet is disclosed. The process comprises the formation of relatively low density insulation board type product which is dried, whereafter the board is wetted on both sides and compressed at relatively high temperatures to form a dense non-combustible hardboard product.

Abstract: A pulp slurry including pulp made from recycled waste paper is formed into tissue paper in a paper-making machine having an improved calender stack preceded by a conventional drying and creping section. Drying may be completed on a Yankee dryer or the drying may be partial on the Yankee and completed on so-called afterdryers. One or more rolls in the calender stack are cooled to about 90.degree. F by passing liquid coolant therethrough to keep the paper at a temperature below the melting temperature of thermoplastic contaminants in the recycled waste paper so that the contaminants pass through the calender roll in a hardened, nonsticky or less sticky condition. The cooled calender roll is kept dry by an air shower. A continuous doctor on the cooled roll removes any contaminants that adhere to the roll.

Abstract: Waterlaid sheets comprising essential solids consisting of (I) elastomeric binder, and (II) nonelastomeric solids comprising inflexible, non-fibrous, rounded, particulate fillers and a fibrous reinforcing component. The waterlaid sheets are useful as substitutes for leather in the manufacture of footwear, particularly as the outsole or insole portion of a shoe.

Abstract: Hardboard is produced by a process wherein wood solubles or sugars released principally during the pulp preparation stage are retained in a closed water system by collecting the process waters released during mechanical dewatering of the pulp to form a mat and returning such water to the system. The mat is dried by thermal evaporation with substantial quantities of sugars being deposited on the mat surfaces as a result. The mat is then pressed under conditions such as to cause flowing and caramelization of the surface sugars thus forming a crust or skin of the sugars on the mat surfaces, which sugars improve the board surface characteristics. A paper overlay may be applied to the mat prior to pressing and bonded thereto by the sugars to provide a paper overlaid hardboard.

Abstract: A method for compacting a nonwoven fabric impregnated with a thermoplastic binder at a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the binder to improve hand and drape of the fabric. A bar compresses a relatively thick endless elastomeric belt against a steam heated drum so that a nip is formed therebetween. The nonwoven fabric is passed through the nip between the belt and the drum and thence onto the drum. The nonwoven fabric adheres frictionally to a stretched surface of the belt as it goes through the nip and is thereafter compacted by the belt as the belt unstretches onto the drum. Fibers of the fabric are crowded together, rearranged and crimped locally (all between the faces of the fabric) and more of the fibers of the fabric are caused to be oriented crosswise. To allow compacting at sufficiently high temperatures (160.degree. - 280.degree. F.

Abstract: Polyolefin fibers containing at least 70% by weight of polypropylene fibers having a denier of at least 0.5 and a birefringence of at least 2.5 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.2 are formed into a sheet. The sheet is then frictionally calendered in the dry state at a frictional ratio of at least 15% and at a temperature in the range from 90.degree.C to 160.degree.C whereby an insulating paper having excellent air-impermeability and oil-resistance is obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the surface of a web of printing material for coating or printing including means to "drag" under pressure the web of material over a surface thereby flattening and aligning in a uniform pattern the fibers of a web of printing material.