Abstract: A process of delignifying and bleaching a chemical wood pulp with hydrogen peroxide and dicyandiamide as an activator provides a higher degree of delignification and brightness of the pulp and overcomes problems of fiber degradation. The process comprises adding hydrogen peroxide and dicyandiamide as a bleaching activator to a chemical wood pulp slurry under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Paper products such as bathroom tissue, facial tissue, napkins and paper towels are made from high coarseness fibers such as recycled newsprint fibers, CTMP, TMP, and groundwood. These products exhibit premium level qualities in terms of softness, bulk, and flexibility. The novel process selectively treats these high coarseness fibers in a way that makes the fibers feel softer and enhances papermachine operation with this type of furnish, thereby permitting higher product quality levels than previously possible with high coarseness fibers.

Abstract: A process for treating lignocellulose pulp using a preparation containing at least one enzyme that produces a solubilizing action and, potentially, a hemicellulolytic action on lignin. The enzymes are derived from the bacterium Streptomyces viridosporus. This enzymatic treatment may be used for the separation of lignin from lignocellulose pulp in a procedure, for example, that complements a bleaching treatment.

Abstract: A process for hydrolysis of water-insoluble esters in the presence of a lipase, at a pH in the range of 3-7 particularly to such a process for hydrolysis of resin in pulp.

Abstract: An improved oxygen bleaching process wherein the pulp is bleached in an aqueous organic medium wherein a polyhydric alcohol constitutes between 10 and 70% by weight of the medium to produce a pulp having a viscosity at least 2.5 cp higher than a similar pulp bleached using the same conditions in an aqueous atmosphere to the same kappa no. of 8 ml.

Abstract: Ascospores of wood-penetrating, pitch-grading fungi of the class of Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina, eg. Ophiostromas, may be screened to provide fungi combining the properties of good growth on non-sterile wood substrates and minimized or even enhanced brightness effects for use in pitch reduction of wood substrates, eg. logs and wood chips. A new and improved method of isolating such ascospores involving effective suspension in an oil consumable by the fungus, eg. a vegetable oil, and then treatment of the oil with a dispersing agent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A defoaming composition of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical of from 10-20 carbon atoms and made be either saturated, unsaturated and either linear or branched in structure; R.sup.1 is a reactive alkoxy radical of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; y is an interger of at least 1; A is an ethylene. propylene, or butylene group; and x is an integer of at least 1. The above composition can be used with oil-based defoaming aqueous system. The defoaming composition and process for defoaming are included.

Abstract: A method for degrading coal tar, coal tar distillation fractions, and organic compounds, specially those compounds having three or more fused rings of the type often associated with coal tar, whether derived from coal tar or synthesized independently. According to the present invention degradation takes place by means of the nonspecific degradation reaction used by white rot fungi to degrade lignin. The degradation reaction occurs in part by means of a lignin degrading enzyme and hydrogen peroxide, both produced by white rot fungi.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellulose from wood and annual plants is provided where the digesting liquor contains free caustic soda, sodium salts of alkyl benzenesulfonic acids, and of aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids. By the addition of anthraquinone or its derivatives to the digesting liquor, the delignification is improved. Anthraquinone is resistant to wet oxidation and can be reintroduced into the digesting process. The solubility and, therefore, the effectiveness of anthraquinone is improved by the use of sulfonic acid salts. For the recovery of the digesting chemicals contained in the black liquor, solubilized liquor is precipitated with mineral acid or carbon dioxide and the hemicelluloses are separated by ultra filtration. The resins are separated by extraction with the residual organic compounds, except for the sulfonates and carboxylics, being burned in an aqueous phase with air and/or oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating wood pulp that includes incompletely washed brownstock, in which the brownstock is treated at a pH range of approximately 7.0 to 9.0 with a hemicellulase enzyme preparation that has a pH optimum below 6.0. Also, a method and apparatus for treating wood pulp containing incompletely washed brownstock in which the brownstock is treated at a pH range of approximately 6.0 to 9.0 with a hemicellulase enzyme preparation that has a pH optimum below 6.0 and that has a low cellulase content such that not more than about 10,000 FPU are added per ton of pulp.

Abstract: Processes for preparing pulp from lignin-containing cellulosic material are disclosed including a prehydrolysis step followed by neutralizing hydrolysate and the prehydrolyzed cellulosic material in the reactor with alkaline neutralizing liquor, removing the neutralized hydrolysate from the reactor and delignifying the neutralized prehydrolyzed cellulosic material with alkaline cooking liquor containing sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A sanitary paper product made from newspapers containing coarse cellulosic fibers and printed with ink that contains oil and a method for making the same is provided. The method has the step of (a) pulping the newspapers in water with agitation to produce a pulp slurry at a consistency between 3% and 12% and a pH below about 8.0; (b) adding to the slurry an enzyme selected from the group consisting of cellulase, hemicellulase, and lipase and maintaining the pulp slurry at a temperature above about 100.degree. F. for at least 15 minutes; (c) maintaining at least about 2% of the of oil in contact with the newspaper fibers beginning with the making of the pulp slurry in step (a) through step (b); and using the enzyme treated pulp as a major source of fiber in the paper making process to produce a sanitary paper products.

Abstract: A method for bleaching pulp containing pulp from color dyed waste paper, wherein the method comprises bleaching the pulp with a bleaching chemical, especially sodium hydrosulfite, in the presence of a selected ethoxylated amine.

Abstract: Cellulosic pulps are bleached with ozone in an ozone bleaching stage in an aqueous medium containing an additive in an effective amount not exceeding 5% weight concentration of the aqueous medium. The additive is selected from a group consisting of N-alkylated ureas, N-alkylated lactams and N-alkylated amides. pH in the Z stage is operated under conventional ozone bleaching conditions, but preferably at high consistency and at low temperature, below 5.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for deinking and uncoating printed paper which comprises using a monocomponent cellulase during recycling.

Abstract: A floatation method for the regeneration of waste paper employs as a deinking agent a reaction product of an alkylene oxide with a mixture of products obtained by the reaction of a natural oil or fat with an alkanolamine in a mole ratio of the natural oil or fat to the alkanolamine of products is in the range from 1:0.1 to 1:3,, wherein the amount of the alkylene oxide is in the range from 100 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture of products, provides pulp having higher degree of whiteness and less residual ink and problems caused by pitch than pulp prepared by a corresponding floatation method which employs a conventional deinking agent.

Abstract: A process for cooking wood to pulp by contacting the wood with a deresinating agent containing fatty acid esters of polyoxyalkene glycols priors to cooking the wood with an alkaline liquor to simultaneously reduce pulp rejects and increase pulp yield.

Abstract: A process of inhibiting oxalate scale formation in aqueous systems is disclosed. A preferred class of scale inhibitors is represented by polyamino hexamethylene phosphonates. These phosphonate inhibitors can be used in levels of from 0.05 ppm to 300 ppm (of the aqueous solution) at pH in the near neutral to preferably alkaline medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making paper from bleached or alkaline treated pulp by dewatering pulp containing bleached or alkaline treated vegetable fibers from wood or non-wood species. It was found that such bleached or alkaline treated pulps contain a substantial amount of harmful pectins. By incorporating pectinase in the bleached or alkaline treated pulp such harmful pectins in the aqueous phase of the pulp are degraded and thus rendered harmless to papermaking processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the addition of photosensitising compounds to woodpulps and mixtures thereof for enhancing their whiteness, brightness and chromaticity, as well as to the paper making fibres so obtained and the use thereof.

Abstract: Ascospores of wood-penetrating, pitch-grading fungi of the class of Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina, e.g. Ophiostromas, may be screened to provide fungi combining the properties of good growth on non-sterile wood substrates and minimized or even enhanced brightness effects for use in pitch reduction of wood substrates, e.g. logs and wood chips. A new and improved method of isolating such ascospores involving effective suspension in an oil consumable by the fungus, e.g. a vegetable oil, and then treatment of the oil with a dispersing agent is also disclosed.

Abstract: The fungus Phlebia tremellosa is useful in reducing the pitch content of pulps and pulpwoods used in making cellulosic products.

Abstract: A method for enhancing pulp washing efficiency is disclosed. An anionic sulfonate surfactant is added within the washing or pulping operation to enhance the removal of lignin and spent cooking chemicals from pulp.

Abstract: A method of making a wood pulp is disclosed. Wood is first chipped into wood chips. The wood chips are treated with an amount of sulfite salt sufficient to inhibit indigenous microorganism growth. The treated wood chips are introduced into a bioreactor and inoculated with a culture of white-rot fungus. The wood chips are incubated under conditions favoring the propagation of white-rot fungus and then mechanically pulped.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for maximizing the brightness of wood pulps which have been treated with anionic bleaching agents wherein the brightness is enhanced by the use of selected quaternary ammonium compounds.

Abstract: Hydrolyzed copolymers of (A) maleic anhydride with (B) at least one mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or with a mixture of (B) and (C) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are effective for inhibiting the formation of calcium carbonate scale in wood pulp production.

Abstract: Polyglycerol esters have been found to be effective antifoam agents in aqueous systems employed in paper processing. Adjunct antifoam agents are not required. Best results are obtained with polyglycerol esters having a degree of glycerine polymerization in the range of 3 to 6 and an esterification range of 15 to 85%.

Abstract: A process for improving the freeness of paper pulp, which comprises the steps of adding to the pulp at least 0.05%, based on the dry weight of the pulp, of a cellulolytic enzyme, allowing the pulp to contact the cellulolytic enzyme for from about 40 minutes to about 60 minutes at a temperature of at least 40.degree. C., adding at least 0.011%, based on the dry weight of the pulp, of a water soluble cationic polymer, adding at least 0.007%, based on the dry weight of the pulp, of a water soluble anionic or nonionic polymer and forming the thus treated pulp into paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the recovery of organic substances dissolved or brought into a colloid form during the manufacture of a mechanical pulp where said mechanical pulp has not been subject to previous alkaline bleaching or other previous process carried out under alkaline conditions. The method is characterized in the deacetylation of the galactoglucomannans having been brought into dissolved or colloidal form during the pulping process, and subsequent deposition of said deacetylated glucomannans onto a solid phase, such as pulp fibers or organic or inorganic additives. The deacetylation is performed either by alkali or enzymatically. The method diminishes the organic substance loading on recycling waters and effluents, and improves the yield and strength properties of the pulp.

Abstract: A process for enhancing pulp washing efficiency is disclosed. An anionic surfactant is added within the washing or pulping operation to enhance the removal of lignin and spent cooking chemicals from pulp.

Abstract: A method for clarifying the laser print deinking loop water in a papermaking process by using a water soluble graft copolymer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein E is the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated compound, the molar percentage of a:b is from about 95:5 to 5:95, with the proviso that the sum of a and b equals 100%; G comprises the structure: ##STR2## wherein d is a cationic monomer, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having C.sub.1 to C.sub.3, F is the salt of an ammonium cation and the molar percentage of c:d is from 95:5 to 5:95 with the proviso that the sum of c and d equals 100%.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for deinking pulp which has been made from paper printed with oil based ink. The process uses a surfactant component with and at least one alkoxylated diamine selected from Formula I: ##STR1## where X, Y, W and Z may be alike or different and are each independently selected from the group consisting of(i) --(CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O).sub.a (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.b --;(ii) --(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2)--O).sub.c (CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O).sub.d --; and(iii) random copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide,wherein a, b, c and d are each selected independently to be a number between 1 and 30 so as to give an HLB value between 5-15.

Abstract: A method for the delignification of wood pulps by use of protease enzymes. Useful proteases include bromelain, pepsin and papain. The proteases are used to delignify the wood by degrading the wood protein, extensin.

Abstract: A method of deinking printed waste paper for recycle which comprises converting a printed waste paper to a fibrous pulp in an aqueous medium to form a fibrous pulp slurry; contacting the slurry with a soybean peroxidase and a peroxide to deink the pulp; separating the deinked pulp from the aqueous medium; and recovering the deinked pulp.

Abstract: A chemical pulp which contains reactants capable of generating dioxirane within the pulp is produced in a process which comprises mixing a pulp with reactants comprising a carbonyl compound, preferably acetone, and an oxygen donor, preferably monoperoxysulfate, in proportions which produce a water-soluble dioxirane having a molecular diameter of less than 140 angstrom units. Such a pulp bleaching process which employs dioxirane as a bleaching agent is rendered environmentally and economically acceptable by recycling the reactants employed to produce the dioxirane.

Abstract: Good deinking of waste paper can be obtained at high consistency by first pulping at high pH, then lowering the pH, adding alkaline cellulase and letting the cellulase act during continued pulping and/or maceration. The improved deinking results in higher whiteness and better cleanliness (fewer ink particles) in paper made from the treated pulp after separation of ink particles. This cellulase treatment results in better operation of certain equipment such as thickeners and in better drainage of the pulp during paper making.

Abstract: Resin can be hydrolyzed enzymatically during the peroxy bleaching (e.g. with hydrogen peroxide) commonly used in pulp manufacture and the use of lipase in the manufacture of CTMP-fluff will afford several significant advantages, such as a pronounced reduction in fats, low time-consumption, since the process can be carried out in less than one calendar day, no losses in brightness or yield, or only marginal brightness and yield losses, and low handling costs. The enzyme treatment during bleaching necessitates little or no change of commonly used bleaching conditions. As a further advantage, the peroxy bleaching is mostly made at alkaline pH, whereby the liberated fatty acids remain ionized and can thus easily be removed from the pulp during subsequent washing.

Abstract: A method of bleaching a chemical pulp with a gaseous bleaching agent by uniformly impregnating the pulp with a solvent for lignin and that is fully miscible with water but does not significantly swell cellulose so that the availability, of lignin to the bleaching agent is significantly improved, then subjecting the impregnated pulp to the action of the bleaching agent to preferentially attack the lignin for its subsequent solubilization and separation from the pulp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new methods for producing cellulose with high crystallinity by enzymatic hydrolysis and to novel cellulosic materials produced by those methods which exhibit a wide variety of DP's. The method is especially useful in producing microcrystalline celluloses.

Abstract: Resin can be hydrolyzed enzymatically during the reductive bleaching (e.g. with sodium dithionite) commonly used in pulp manufacture. The enzyme treatment necessitates little or no change of commonly used bleaching conditions.

Abstract: A method for treating fibrous sheet materials such as paper or paperboard containing polyamide resin as a wet strength agent which comprises reacting the fibrous materials with an enzyme to hydrolyze the resin and thereby improve repulping of the fibrous materials.

Abstract: Brown stock washing of wood pulp is improved by adding a water-soluble cationic polymer to the wash water. The cationic polymer reacts with lignin solution present in the larger channels in the pulp mat to give a precipitate which lowers the flow rate of wash water through the larger channels. A more efficient wash water usage is obtained.

Abstract: An enzyme preparation containing cellulases and/or hemicellulases is reacted on a homogeneous aqueous suspension of paper pulp having a Schopper-Riegler (SR) degree determined in accordance with standard NFQ 50 003 of at least equal to 25. A paper pulp based on recycled fibers is treated.

Abstract: Bleached chemithermomechanical wood pulp having a high degree of whiteness is economically prepared by mechanically disintegrating and chemically digesting lignocellulosic material with sulfite at a temperature of at least 100.degree.C. under saturated water vapor pressure and thereafter bleaching the pulp thus treated with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline medium, and wherein no solids or liquids are removed from the pulp from the outset of treatment through completion of the bleaching step.

Abstract: A novel composition for use in a process for cooking wood to form pulp and processes for using same are provided. The composition and variations thereof are useful in enhancing the uniformity of wood cooking and reducing the rejects in a pulping process for the production of pulp. The composition comprises esters of block copolymers having the general formula ##STR1## wherein x, y, and z each have a value of at least one.

Abstract: A method of controlling pitch deposits in a pulp and papermaking process comprising adding lipase and a cationic polymer to a cellulosic slurry in amounts effective for diminishing pitch deposits from the cellulosic slurry in a pulp and/or paper mill. The method may include adding lipase and a cationic polymer to a cellulosic slurry in amounts effective for both reducing the triglyceride content of a cellulosic slurry by hydrolysis and diminishing the concentration of fatty acids released by the hydrolysis in the aqueous phase of a cellulosic slurry. The triglyceride hydrolysate content of the aqueous phase of a cellulosic slurry, formed by the action of lipase on triglyceride within the cellulosic slurry, is reduced when the amount of lipase and the amount of a cationic polymer is maintained for a time period sufficient to hydrolyze at least some of the triglyceride in the cellulosic slurry and reduce the triglyceride hydrolysate in the aqueous phase of the cellulosic slurry.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the penetration of cooking liquor into wood chips to form a Kraft pulp which comprises adding to the cooking liquor specific surfactants such as ethoxylated dialkylphenols and ethoxylated alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to reinforcing and/or process fibers based on plant fibers, obtainable thereby that plant fibers from which the wood components have been removed are treated with an aqueous solution of at least one metal compound selected among metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates, thiosulfates, sulfites, silicates or phosphates, subsequently washed and treated with an inorganic or organic binding agent or the fibers which have not been washed are neutralized with a mineral acid or that plant fibers from which the wood components have been removed are treated with an oxidation agent or that non-pretreated plant fibers are treated at 250.degree. to 350.degree. C. with the controlled addition of air so that carbonization of the fibers takes place.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus capable of removing and/or transforming lignin or its degradation products present in material containing lignocellulose. In the present process, a redox potential is set between 200 and 500 mV by the addition to an acid aqueous solution, which contains lignitic raw materials, of oxidizing agents and/or reducing agents and/or salts and/or phenolic compounds. The lignin degrading reaction and its attendant simultaneous bleaching effect is initiated by the addition of enzymes, microorganisms, animal or plant cells. Continuous stirring allows the reaction to be maintained for several hours at a value that fluctuates about a constant redox potential value, and a constant temperature.

Abstract: A method of producing high quantities of ethanol and a high quality pulp to produce a variety of papers. The method comprises preparing the bamboo by chipping, shredding and washing. This bamboo fiber is then processed in two stages of prehydrolysis to separate the ethanol producing portion from the pulp producing portion. The ethanol producing portion is condensed and subject to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to produce an ethanol product. The pulp producing portion is processed in two stages of digestion to produce a pulp in high yield that is suitable to produce a variety of papers.