Abstract: A condensing apparatus for a steam cooking device comprising a heat exchanger for collecting steam from the cooking chamber of a steam cooking device and means for condensing the steam in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An evaporation heat exchanger having at least one active circulating circuit for a coolant liquid to be cooled, is constructed for removing heat in a spacecraft under a gravity-free operating condition and under different acceleration conditions. For this purpose, a housing encloses an evaporating space provided with at least one inlet valve for controlling the admission of a medium to be evaporated. The produced vapor or steam is discharged through a respective outlet port. A plurality of cooling tubes interconnected in a meandering shape form a number of tube panels in which the individual tubes are arranged with a different spacing from one another in a direction from the inlet valve to the outlet port. Preferably, these spacings increase in the flow direction from the inlet port to the outlet port to establish a constant flow speed for the evaporating medium. The tubes forming a panel may be arranged in a zig-zag pattern within the panel.

Abstract: Heat is removed from a spacecraft under zero gravity and under various accelerations, by a heat exchange contact between a cooling liquid or coolant and an evaporant or medium to be evaporated. The coolant flowing in at least one liquid cooling circulation circuit and the evaporant which is discharged in its vapor phase, are brought into heat exchange contact with each other in processing chambers forming at least two separate heat exchange stages, wherein different pressure and temperature conditions are set. The cooling liquid or coolant and the medium to be evaporated evaporant flow through these stages in sequence and in such a way that the coolant first flows through the stage with the highest pressure and the highest temperature, and then flows through the stages with successively lower pressure and/or temperature.

Abstract: Heat generated, for example, in a spacecraft under zero gravity conditions and different accelerations is discharged through an evaporation heat exchanger connected to at least one active coolant circulation circuit. The heat exchanger has a bundle of tubes axially arranged inside a cylindrical processing chamber. An evaporant passes through these tubes. A coolant flows into heat exchange contact with outer surfaces of said tubes. The outlet cross-sectional flow area for the evaporant, or rather its vapor, is variable so that the pressure of the evaporated medium, and thereby also its evaporation temperature are adjustable. The adjustment of the cross-sectional flow area for the vapor is controlled in response to the temperature of the cooling liquid or coolant where it enters into a processing chamber of the heat exchanger. Selectively closable apertures in an end plate (52) serve for changing the outlet cross-section flow area for the vapor.

Abstract: A load-following vaporizer converts an inlet liquid reactant stream to an outlet vapor reactant stream. The vaporizer comprises a containment shell, a nozzle and a fin block. The fin block has a base in thermal contact a heat source, preferably a thermal fluid stream. The base has a plurality of evaporative heat transfer structures that are spaced from and generally radiate from the nozzle outlet. Each of the evaporative heat transfer structures has two principal surfaces oriented such that the extension of each of the surfaces intersects the nozzle outlet. Upon contacting the evaporative heat transfer structures, the atomized liquid reactant dispersion is vaporized to produce a vaporized reactant stream. The vaporizer rapidly responds to changes in the inlet liquid reactant flow rate to produce a corresponding change in the output vapor flow rate by minimizes the liquid inventory within the heated environment.

Abstract: A condenser adapted for use in the car cooling system, the condenser comprising a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next; wherein each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum; wherein each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum by extrusion; and wherein the opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers so that they are liquid-tightly soldered therein.

Abstract: Various heat exchange apparatuses are described in which an oscillating flow of primary coolant is used to dissipate an incident heat flux. The oscillating flow may be imparted by a reciprocating piston, a double action twin reciprocating piston, fluidic oscillators or electromagnetic pumps. The oscillating fluid flows through at least one conduit in either an open loop or a closed loop. A secondary flow of coolant may be used to flow over the outer walls of at least one conduit to remove heat transferred from the primary coolant to the walls of the conduit.

Abstract: A condenser of the type having a receiver tank formed integrally with the condenser has each of two opposed header tanks composed of a tube-receiving plate and a tank plate. The tank plate of one of the header tanks is formed of an extruded section member having a hollow portion forming a receiver tank and the extruded section member further has auxiliary passages. The tube-receiving plates of the header tanks are structurally independent so that formation of tube-receiving holes and application of cladding material can be performed for each tube-receiving plate, and a condenser having a plurality of flow paths can be constructed. In addition, if heat transfer between the hollow portion and the one header tank has a negative effect on the operation of the condenser, a heat insulating space is formed between the hollow portion and the one header tank for controlling heat transfer therebetween.

Abstract: In a plate heat exchanger for climbing film evaporating of a fluid, vertically arranged heat transfer plates (1, 2) delimit evaporating passages (4) and condensating passages (7) between themselves. Each evaporating passage (4) has a fluid inlet (5) at its lower portion and an outlet (6) for concentrated fluid and generated vapor at its upper portion, which outlet (6) is located at one vertical side of the heat transfer plates. To provide a desired distribution of the fluid and the vapor in each of the evaporating passages (4), at least alternate heat transfer plate (1), in its lower portion (17A) closest to the inlet (5) for fluid, has been provided with a number of zones (23A-26A), having different pressing pattern of corrugation ridges and grooves.

Abstract: A condenser-evaporator is constituted in such a way that first fluid chambers and second fluid chambers are alternately formed by multiple vertical partitions and a liquid in the first fluid chambers exchange heat with a fluid in the second fluid chambers, characterized in that a plurality of heat exchanger plates are arranged in multiple stages in the first fluid chambers to form a liquid passage having one end open, a plurality of liquid reservoirs communicating with the liquid passage and having a top open are provided in multiple stages on a side of the other end of the liquid passage, and a liquid is introduced in the liquid passage for heat exchange while being supplied to the liquid reservoir in each stage. Accordingly, the depth of the liquid is shallow so as to prevent a boiling point elevation due to the liquid head pressure, thus improving the efficiency of the condenser-evaporator.

Abstract: A three row condenser for cooling alternative refrigerants for use in automotive air conditioning systems has a continuously formed U-bend tube forming the air inlet to the condenser at a point upstream of second and third rows of like tubes each interconnected by parallel heat conducting cooling fins; the high pressure vapor inlet flow to the condenser is substantially equally distributed into the first, second and third rows and refrigerant flow in the first and second rows of tubes is combined upstream of the outlet of the condenser to provide a series connected tube pattern for increasing the flow velocity through outlet portions of the first and second rows of tubes so as to improve the efficiency of energy transfer between the refrigerant flow through the condenser and the air flow across the air fins therein.

Abstract: In this process for vaporizing a liquid in first ducts, or vaporization ducts, which are opened at top and bottom, of a plate type heat exchanger, by heat exchange with a main calorigenic fluid which circulates in second ducts of the exchanger, additional gas is generated permanently in the lower end part of the first ducts, for example by means of a compartment in which there is a circulation of an auxiliary fluid which is warmer than the main calorigenic fluid. Application to the main vaporizer-condensers of apparatuses for the distillation of air with double column.

Abstract: A heat exchange humidifier for generation of steam-to-steam or fluid-to-steam humidity may include at least one steam tube in a heat exchanger array which may be coated with a non-stick surface such as tetrafluoroethylene (TEFLON.RTM.) coating or the like, to prevent the build-up of minerals. The steam tubes in the heat exchanger array are in a substantially layered configuration, each layer being offset and below the preceding upper layer, or in helical configuration. This organization of the tubes in the heat exchanger array maximizes convection currents in a fluid surrounding the steam tubes to minimize dead water films and maximize heat transfer from the steam or fluid inside of the tubes to the surrounding water, resulting in an overall increase in boil-off capacity for adding humidity to the air.

Abstract: In a dual phase cooling apparatus for an internal combustion engine, a condenser is interposed between a coolant fluid inlet, which receives coolant fluid as a mixture of its liquid and vapor phases from the engine, and a fluid outlet through which liquid coolant is returned to the engine. The condenser comprises a tube bundle mounted between two water boxes, at least one of which defines a phase separator interposed between the condenser fluid inlet and the condenser itself. One of the water boxes also carries a liquid reservoir interposed between the condenser itself and its fluid outlet. The structure may also include a pump for the liquid coolant fluid.

Abstract: A condenser adapted for use in the car cooling system, the condenser comprising a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next; wherein each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum; wherein each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum by extrusion; and wherein the opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers so that they are liquid-tightly soldered therein.

Abstract: An electric water heater includes a cylindrical tank with an inner surface defining a water chamber having a central vertical axis. Three sets of three electric immersion heating extend radially inwardly into the water chamber from the inner surface. The heating elements of such set define generally horizontal planes vertically spaced apart along the vertical axis. The heating elements of each set lie in angularly spaced generally vertical planes intersecting the central axis and being spaced approximately 120.degree. apart with the inner ends of the respective heating elements being in overlapping spaced relationship along the vertical axis to provide the most heat at the center of the chamber where it is most needed.

Abstract: A condenser is disclosed which is provided with a forced cooling system adapted to effect forced cooling of a gaseous coolant in the condenser by exchange of heat with water. This forced cooling system comprises an evaporation chamber disposed in a coolant inlet side flow path of the condenser and provided therein with fins, a vacuum tank (or a water pump) for circulating water in a closed flow path passed through the evaporation chamber, an orifice for decompressing the water being introducing into the evaporation chamber, and a control device for effecting circulation of water only when necessity arises. The water is aspirated, when necessary, by negative pressure from a water storage tank, decompressed to a prescribed saturated pressure by the use of the orifice and consequently atomized and allowed to flow into the evaporation chamber, and allowed to deprive the gaseous coolant at high temperature of a large amount of the latent heat of vaporization and consequently cool the gaseous coolant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a unique compressor assembly used with remote refrigeration systems. The refrigeration system has a housing which encloses a compressor and the condenser assembly. The condenser assembly comprises a plurality of modular panel elements mounted in a V-shaped configuration with the apex of the V-shaped panel configuration being near the bottom of the housing and the mouth of the V-shaped panel configuration pointing upwardly towards the top of the housing. An exhaust fan is in the top of the housing overlying the mouth of the V-shaped panel configuration.

Abstract: A condenser, for use in automotive air conditioning systems, including a first header, a second header, a plurality of parallel flat plate pipes arranged between the first and second headers, and corrugated fins between the flat plate pipes for contacting the flat surfaces thereof. A second union joint on the second header introduces refrigerant into the second header. A first union joint on the first header discharges refrigerant to a refrigeration circuit. The first union joint includes a union portion for connecting the first union joint with the refrigeration circuit, a fixed portion with a receiving surface which is fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the first header, and a pipe which is connected to the union portion. The pipe extends downwardly within the first header to the bottom of the first header, and thus, the first union joint discharging liquid refrigerant can be disposed anywhere on the first header.

Abstract: A condenser for a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator which are sequentially disposed is disclosed. The condenser includes a plurality of tubes having opposite first and second open ends, and a plurality of fins disposed between the plurality of tubes. First and second header pipes are fixedly disposed at the opposite ends respectively, and the open ends of the tubes are disposed in fluid communication with the interior of the header pipes. The first header pipe has an inlet which links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. The second header pipe has a first open end and a second closed end. An outlet element is disposed at the first open end of the second header pipe and links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. A pipe member is disposed in the second header. One open end of the pipe member is disposed near the closed end of the second header, and the other open end of the pipe member is disposed near the outlet.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger comprises a stack of flat tubes each composed of a pair of confronting core plates jointed to each other and defining a fluid passage. A cross sectional area of the fluid passage is increased along the flowing direction of tbe refrigerant. A plurality of ribs are disposed on the fluid passage. A flowing resistance of the ribs which are disposed near an outlet tank is lower than that of the ribs which are disposed near an inlet tank.

Abstract: An active cooling circuit through which cooling liquid circulates, is connected to an evaporation heat exchanger for cooling said cooling liquid when it has begun to warm. For this purpose, a housing encloses an evaporation chamber into which an evaporation fluid, such as water, is sprayed whereby the heat needed for the evaporation cools the cooling liquid passing through a gap between an inner and an outer wall forming said housing. The active cooling circuit passes through the gap in which eddy bodies are arranged in such positions relative to the normal flow direction of the cooling liquid through the gap to cause eddy currents in the cooling liquid flowing through the gap for an improved heat exchange. The discharge for the evaporated fluid is located at the same housing end where the spray nozzles for the injection of the evaporation fluid are located.

Abstract: A receiver tank includes a container extending vertically along one of two spaced opposed header pipes of a condenser, a guide pipe extending from a lower end of the one header pipe into the internal space in the container and further extending upwardly within the container, the guide pipe having a number of perforations at an upper portion thereof for guiding a refrigerant into the container, and a refrigerant outlet pipe connected at a lower end portion of the container for discharging the refrigerant from the container. The guide pipe is inserted into the container from the bottom end thereof and guides the refrigerant from the condenser into an upper part of the container. The receiver tank having such guide pipe and container is easy to assembly. The refrigerant flows out from perforations formed at the upper portion of the guide pipe and then falls down toward the bottom of the receiver tank so that a vapor-liquid separation process can be performed efficiently.

Abstract: A unit to enhance heat transferring through a tube in a condenser-type heat exchanger comprises a series of elements. The elements engage a surface of the tube in contact with a high temperature condensable medium flowing through the exchanger. The elements are spaced apart, positioned parallel and have ring-like configurations. The elements are positioned on an angle so that when the unit is secured to a vertical tube, each element has a low point. These low points align and connect with a vertical riser. In use the tube is one of a set forming a tube bundle fitted into a vessel of the heat exchanger. As heat transfers from the high temperature medium, for example steam flowing through the vessel to a lower temperature medium, for example cooling water flowing through the tubes, the steam condenses on the tube. The condensed steam builds into a thickening film that then flows down the tube. This downward condensate flow is diverted by the elements of the unit and runs to the low point of each element.

Abstract: An evaporation heat exchanger, especially for removing heat from a spacecraft, has a housing formed by an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which enclose a ring gap between the cylinders. A medium to be evaporated is injected into an evaporation chamber inside the inner cylinder. A cooling liquid is passed through the ring gap. Flow influencing elements are arranged in the ring gap for enhancing the heat transfer onto the inner surface of the inner cylinder for the evaporation. The flow control elements cause an eddy current of the cooling liquid. Additionally, these elements are shaped with interlocking projections and recesses to provide a mechanical coupling between the inner and outer cylinders. This coupling is capable of taking up radially extending forces in a force-locking manner, thereby preventing the bulging of the cylinders, even if the pressure in the ring gap should increase.

Abstract: A condenser for vaporous materials, in which at least two pipes are assigned to one another in a series arrangement and are circumflowed by a cooling medium. A separation device is provided at the discharge port of every pipe. This separation device causes the residual vapor to separate from the condensation product. The separation devices are connected via collectors to a pair of collecting chambers from which the condensation product is withdrawn.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger comprises a stack of flat tubes each composed of a pair of confronting core plates jointed to each other and defining a fluid passage. A cross sectional area of the fluid passage is increased along the flowing direction of the refrigerant. A plurality of ribs are disposed on the fluid passage. A flowing resistance of the ribs which are disposed near an outlet tank is lower than that of the ribs which are disposed near an inlet tank.

Abstract: A condenser (44) of a heated fluid which is condensed within a core of the condenser in response to heat exchange between the heated fluid and a coolant fluid flowing through the core in accordance with the invention includes a plurality of heat conductive laminates (70 and 72) having at least one first channel (12) through which the fluid being condensed flows and at least one second channel (14) through which the coolant flows. The cross-sectional area of at least one of the at least one first channel in the condenser decreases in a direction of fluid flow through the condenser producing increased velocity of the heated fluid flowing in the direction of fluid flow causing a shear force between a vapor phase of the heated fluid and liquid phase condensed on a perimeter of at least one first channel which causes the fluid phase to flow through the at least one channel.

Abstract: A plate fin (12) for a plate fin and tube heat exchanger (10) used in an application in which the tubes run generally horizontally and in which condensation of a vapor entrained in the air flowing over and around the plate fins and tubes is likely to occur. The plate fin is configured to promote efficient and effective drainage of condensate that forms on the fin during heat exchanger operation. The fin is sinusoidally corrugated and has raised lance elements. There is a corrugated drainage channel section (32) between each vertical pair of adjacent fin collars (17). The drainage channel sections provide a path for condensate to run down the vertical plate fin to the bottom of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A low profile water distiller has a housing. A steam chamber is located within the housing having a horizontal dimension greater than its vertical height. A condenser is also located within the housing having a horizontal dimension greater than its vertical height. The vertical height of the condenser is generally the same as the vertical height of the steam chamber. A raw water conduit extends in a generally horizontal plane within the housing for delivering water to be distilled into the steam chamber. A steam conduit also extends within the housing for delivering steam from the steam chamber to the condenser. The steam conduit extends in a generally horizontal plane parallel to the generally horizontal plane of the raw water conduit. An air circulation channel within the housing draws cooling air through the condenser in a generally horizontal path parallel to the generally horizontal planes of the raw water conduit and the steam conduit.

Abstract: Various heat exchange apparatuses are described in which an oscillating flow of primary coolant is used to dissipate an incident heat flux. The oscillating flow may be imparted by a reciprocating piston, a double action twin reciprocating piston, fluidic oscillators or electromagnetic pumps. The oscillating fluid flows through at least one conduit in either an open loop or a closed loop. A second flow of coolant may be used to flow over the outer walls of at least one conduit to remove heat transferred from the primary coolant to the walls of the conduit.

Abstract: An evaporation heat exchanger having at least one active circulating circuit for a coolant liquid to be cooled, is constructed for removing heat in a spacecraft under a gravity-free operating condition and under different acceleration conditions. For this purpose, a housing encloses an evaporating space provided with at least one inlet valve for controlling the admission of a medium to be evaporated. The produced vapor or steam is discharged through a respective port. A plurality of cooling tubes interconnected in a meandering shape form a number of tube panels in which the individual tubes are arranged in a zig-zagging pattern to form respective flow passages for the medium to be evaporated. The individual tubes extend in parallel to each other and perpendicularly to the flow direction of the medium to be evaporated, while the meandering configuration is forming the zig-zag pattern.

Abstract: A tube shield and a method of providing shielding for tubes. The tube shield is provided in a cane or J-configuration, including an upper hook portion and a sheet portion, and a U or drape configuration, including an upper hook portion and a pair of spaced sheet portions extending downwardly from the hook portion in a parallel spaced relation. In both shields, spacer means are provided in the form of embossed protuberances of generally hemispherical configuration extending outwardly from the general plane of the sheet portions at spaced locations on the sheet portions. In the assembled relation of the shields in a tube installation, cane shields are hooked over the outboard rows of tubes and drape shields are hooked over the inboard rows of tube with the protuberances on the sheet portions of the tubes maintaining the sheet portions of the adjacent shields in positive spaced relation.

Abstract: A condenser for a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator which are sequentially disposed is disclosed. The condenser includes a plurality of tubes having opposite first and second open ends, and a plurality of fins disposed between the plurality of tubes. First and second header pipes are fixedly disposed at the opposite ends respectively, and the open ends of the tubes are disposed in fluid communication with the interior of the header pipes. The first header pipe has an inlet which links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. The second header pipe includes a wall partitioning an interior of the second header pipe into first and second isolated cavities which are linked by a pipe member. An outlet union joint is linked to the second cavity. In operation, the refrigerant condenses to a mist as it passes through the condenser into the first cavity.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a refrigerant fluid circuit is disclosed which includes a plurality of tubes which have opposite first and second open ends. A plurality of fin units are disposed between the plurality of tubes. The first and second header pipes have at least one open end and are fixedly disposed at the first and second opposite open ends of the tubes, respectively. The open ends of the tubes are disposed in fluid communication with the interior of the header pipes, and the heat exchanger is linked in fluid communication to external elements of the circuit through the first and second header pipes. The first and second header pipes are respectively formed by bending rectangular plate members into a tubular shape, and the rectangular plate members have a plurality of slits and joint portions such that when the plate is bent into the tubular shape slots are formed for the insertion of the ends of the tubes.

Abstract: A cooling system for condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine plants, particularly of power plants, comprises a mixing condenser connected to the outflow of the steam turbine, a dry cooling tower connected to the cooling water circuit of the mixing condenser, and a wet cooling apparatus provided inside the cooling tower.Although wet cooling apparatus seem to be suitable to additionally increase the cooling performance of the cooling tower and, thereby, its effective operation even in case of exceptionally high ambient temperatures, the air exiting from them is cooler than the air flowing in through the main heat exchangers of the cooling tower and, therefore, the draft of the latter suffers deterioration when the two air streams mix one with the other. It means that the effectiveness of complementary cooling is may be impaired.

Abstract: A liquefier for the coolant in a vehicle air-conditioning system equipped with finned heat exchange tubes through which the coolant is conducted in cross-current to the inflowing ambient air. The heat exchange tubes are arranged in several rows of tubes disposed one behind the other in the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air with the respective heat exchange tubes being connected in cross-countercurrent flow. The rows of tubes are subdivided into several component groups (14, 16) which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air, with their fin arrangements being decoupled with respect to thermal conduction. The component groups (14, 16) are connected in series with respect to the coolant and in countercurrent to the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas/liquid separation has a heat-exchanging condensor housed in an adiabaic coolant container, in combination with an adiabatic reservoir for the condensed liquid. The condensor has an inner pipe conduit for a passive coolant which circulates through the conduit, and the container and is cooled by a freezer coil of an outside refrigerator and effectively cools the solvent vapor travelling through a clearance formed between the inner side wall of said condensor and outer side wall of said inner pipe conduit. This feature enables a continuous operation without troublesome replenishing of an active component in a freezing mixture as an active coolant. The adiabatic reservoir receives the condensed liquid and has a visual gauge for monitoring. A communicating plug detachably provided on the shoulder of the adiabatic reservoir serves to supply an auxiliary freeze-protecting solvent into the reservoir, for easy treatment of a solvent which is liable to be solidified by excessive cooling.

Abstract: The method of preparing and operating a heat-exchanging membrane of plastic material as the evaporating and condensing surfaces in a still includes treating the evaporating surface to be wettable by the distilland, and includes selectively washing the condensing surface which is unwettable by the by the distilland in order to promote efficient accumulation of condensed droplets and efficient heat transfer through the membrane to the evaporation surface. Washing liquids of either similar or disimilar chemical composition relative to the condensed vapor are recycled to the upper region of the condensing surface to facilitate washing of the surface by the downward movement of accumulated droplets of condensed vapor.

Abstract: Hot effluent gas from a burner or combustor passes over a pair of nested helical coils forming a steam generator 1 and a vapor mixing conduit 2. Liquid fuel is injected at 12 into a stream of superheated steam and vaporizes. The resulting mixture is combustible. In order to meter small amounts of fuel and water at constant pressure for fine adjustment of the fuel/water ratio in the vaporized mixture, a geared pump 15, 16 is provided in each of the water supply line 6 and the fuel supply line 7, feeding a respective injection tube or nozzle 11, 12. The injection tubes terminate respectively in the steam generator 1 and in the water vapor conduit 3, in a hot zone produced by the hot effluent gas. Preferably, magnetic valves 17, 18 are provided, downstream of each of pumps 15, 16, and are controlled as to frequency and opening time by a central control unit 19.

Abstract: A vapor is condensed onto a condensor whose upper portion promotes film-wise condensation and whose lower portion promotes drop-wise condensation. One embodiment of this invention uses a plastic condensing tube which has a metal condensor pipe inserted into the tube in its upper end. Grooves and aperatures in the wall of the pipe encourage the flow of condensate between the pipe and plastic tube to facilitate heat conduction between the two. Heat conduction between the plastic tube and metal pipe is facilitated by a liquid such as heat-sink grease. An alternate embodiment features a plastic-only heat condensor whose upper portion is treated to make it condense the vapor as a film and whose lower portion is untreated so as to condense the vapor as drops.

Abstract: A condenser apparatus includes a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; and fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next. Each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum. At least one of the headers is internally divided by a partition into at least two groups of coolant passageways, thus enabling the flow of coolant to make at least one U-turn in the header. The partition extends into the header through a slit in the header. Each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum. The opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers so that they are liquid-tightly secured.

Abstract: An evaporator adapted to efficiently release water drops from its corrugated fins without lowering its performance by suitably determining the pitch of flat poritons of each fin and height of louvers formed on the flat portions in combination with the pitch. The evaporator is characterized in that the corrugated fin is 0.75 to 0.90 in the ratio of H/P wherein P is the pitch, and H is the height.

Abstract: Gas-condensation device consisting of an enclosure (3a) and chambers (1,2) for collecting the cooling fluid, the enclosure (3a) containing gases which are at least partially condensable and at least one bundle (3) of horizontal smooth tubes inside which the cooling fluid runs and which are arranged regularly in a bundle and supported by intermediate support plates and/or support grids (3b) situated between the collecting chambers, characterized by the replacement of at least part of an oblique descending row of tubes (3) by shaped elements (20) for catching and removing the condensates and which are each offset in a same direction relative to the upper neighboring element.

Abstract: A volatile solvent conservation modular unit and method for effecting solvent conservation is provided. The cooling coil modular unit is arranged to be disposed in the freeboard zone of a cleaning or degreasing apparatus that uses a volatile solvent. The freeboard zone chiller positioned above the vapor zone and the primary condenser to recover solvent from the relatively less dense solvent/air mixture escaping above the primary condenser and is formed so as to be disposed along one side of the degreaser vessel rather than on all four sides to minimize the obstruction of access into the vapor zone. This one-sided single freeboard chiller positioned on but one side produces a vapor suppression blanket that is effective and is readily retrofitted on existing apparatus without the need for dismantling of the existing unit.

Abstract: An automotive condenser is disclosed as having vertically upstanding first and second headers communicating with inlet and outlet connections, respectively, and generally horizontally disposed tubes connected into such headers, wherein the second header is dimensioned to permit refrigerant gas to separate from refrigerant liquid to provide an upper volume of refrigerant gas and a lower volume of refrigerant liquid. The condenser may be provided with at least one horizontally extending subcooling tube placing the lower volume in flow communication with the outlet.

Abstract: A heatpipe having an evaporator fabricated out of composite graphite material and having a hemispherical shape. Two methods of fabricating such an evaporator include (1) bundling and bonding a plurality of composite graphite fibers and (2) providing a plurality of composite graphite fiber mats and compressing the mats about a central point. In either method the composite graphite material is configured to have a generally hemispherical outer surface. Evaporators having a generally hemispherical outer surface and made of metal, such as Cu, without graphite, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use in an automobile air conditioning system including inlet and outlet union elements is disclosed. The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of flat tubes for conducting refrigerant and a plurality of corrugated fins fixedly sandwiched between the flat tubes. The flat tubes and the corrugated fins jointly form a heat exchange region. First and second header pipes are fixedly and hermetically connected to the flat tubes and communicate with the interior of the tubes. The header pipes are also provided with inlet and outlet union elements for connecting the heat exchanger to other external elements of the air conditioning system. Each of inlet and outlet union elements includes a rectangular parallelpiped block having a cavity formed therein. Each of the blocks is generally located at a coner of the heat exchanger defined by the top and bottom ends of the header pipes and the heat exchanger region.

Abstract: A condenser adapted for use in the car cooling system, the condenser comprising a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next; wherein each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum; wherein each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum by extrusion; and wherein the opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers so that they are liquid-tightly soldered therein.

Abstract: A condensing apparatus is provided which can be used in gas chromatography measurements to determine N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) content in polyimide prepreg. The condenser comprises a straight vertical section of thin-walled copper tubing followed by an ascending helical coil surrounding the straight section. The condenser is equipped with valves at the inlet and outlet which are capable of withstanding the combination of high and low temperatures as well as being resistant to damage by aggressive solvents. Liquid condensate accumulates at the bottom of the coil, making decanting easy. The condenser apparatus of the present invention yields very high collection efficiencies for volatile mixtures with a very wide range of boiling points. The condenser is very compact and lightweight and does not require any packing insulation to achieve the high collection efficiencies. Maintenance and cleaning are greatly simplified by the absence of packing.