Abstract: Heating elements having internal spaces for a heating medium such as steam are successively submerged and withdrawn from a bath of liquid to be evaporated. Vapor boiling off the outer surfaces of the heating elements can be returned for use as heating medium. The heating elements can be a bundle of elongated tubes or a plurality of plate-type elements rotatable about a common horizontal axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for indirectly heating a mixed phase stream by contact with a boiling surface located on the inside of the plurality of heat exchange tubes. Improved vaporization of the stream is achieved by equalizing the liquid distribution and the ratio of liquid and vapor entering each tube to overcome poor boiling film heat transfer. The invention uses a means for subdividing the flow entering the heat exchanger into a plurality of streams with each of the divided streams discharging directly into a heat exchange tube. The means for dividing the stream can include baffle arrangements or plugs providing pressure drop at the inlets to the tubes. This method and apparatus is particularly useful in contactors for the sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A fluid medium such as a gas and a liquid medium are interacted within a convoluted array of tubes, wherein the liquid medium is present as "rain-fall" rather than flooding the array of tubes, with a heat transfer medium being passed through the tubes to heat or cool the liquid medium, as the case may be, to drive the mass transfer occurring in the interaction between gas and liquid medium.

Abstract: Liquid to be evaporated by the indirect transfer of heat from a heating medium within plate type heat exchange elements is distributed over outer surfaces of the plate type elements by means of one or more brushes mounted for movement over the heating surface. Horizontally and vertically moving brush assemblies are described and shown.

Abstract: A condensing plant (10) comprises a steam receiving inlet manifold (11) connected to one end of tube nests (14) externally grazed by air for therein achieving the at least partial steam condensation. At their opposite end the tubes (14) are gathered into at least one outlet manifold (15) for the condensed liquid. Each outlet manifold (15) is connected by a vertically-extending duct (17) to a vertical rain-fall element (19, 20) opening at the lower part thereof into a collection tank (21). The collection tank (21) is supplied with steam from the inlet manifold (11) so that said steam moves up along the vertical element (20) for heating of the liquid falling thereinto.

Abstract: An improved evaporator section for a dual manifold heat pipe. Both the upper and lower manifolds can have surfaces exposed to the heat source which evaporate the working fluid. The tubes in the tube bank between the manifolds have openings in their lower extensions into the lower manifold to provide for the transport of evaporated working fluid from the lower manifold into the tubes and from there on into the upper manifold and on to the condenser portion of the heat pipe. A wick structure lining the inner walls of the evaporator tubes extends into both the upper and lower manifolds. At least some of the tubes also have overflow tubes contained within them to carry condensed working fluid from the upper manifold to pass to the lower without spilling down the inside walls of the tubes.

Abstract: A film-type evaporator has a vapor chamber, a rotor rotating therein, at least one evaporating surface extending outwards from the rotor axis and a heating chamber rotating therewith and sealed with respect to the vapor chamber. The starting product is fed onto the evaporating surface close to the rotor axis and spreads outwards in film-like manner due to the centrifugal force on the evaporating surface. A uniform film thickness is achieved in that the evaporating surface is a curved blade surface, which is formed by a generatrix substantially parallel to the rotor axis and whose axial extension is limited by upper and lower stop ledges, and that the concave side of the evaporating surface is directed in the circumferential direction of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing a slurry comprising a first section having a dome or cone shape and a plurality of passageways, and a second flat section located below the first section and having a plurality of passageways. The apparatus is useful in distributing a slurry of ice and liquid to a freezing section of an ice crystallizer.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator includes a chamber having a top and bottom tube plate; a plurality of vertical tubes each having an interior and exterior surface and extending through the chamber and being supported by the top and bottom tube plates; an inlet at the chamber for feeding heating medium into the chamber; a distributor above the tubes for feeding liquid to be evaporated into the tubes and for causing the liquid to be distributed as a falling film along the interior surface of the tubes so as to evaporate the liquid and generate vapor as the liquid passes in heat exchanging relationship with a heating medium present at the exterior surface of the tubes; a vapor space defined by a circumferential wall below the tubes; a plurality of vertically elongated spaced elements having a substantially U-shaped cross-section with inwardly pointing vertical edges for receiving the evaporated liquid and the vapor, the elements being arranged in a circumferential wall below the tubes within the vapor space spaced from

Abstract: A feeder tube (26) for outputting a liquid evenly along its length is formed of an inner tube (40) and an outer tube (42), each having a split (48,50) along at least part of their lengths. The splits (48,50) are positioned away from each other thus allowing liquid in the inner and outer tubes (40,42) through the split (48) in the inner tube (40) and into a gap (44) between the inner and outer tubes (40,42). The liquid is then output from the feeder tube (26) through the split (50) in the outer tuber (42). The feeder tube (26) is incorporated in apparatus for enabling heat transfer between a fluid and an elongate element (22). In the apparatus at least one feeder tube (26) is positioned above and at least in part parallel to the elongate element (22), whereby an even film of the fluid in liquid form is formed on at least a part of the elongate element (22).

Abstract: A single-stage desiccant regeneration system for use in an air conditioning system, the regeneration system comprising a falling film heat exchanger for transferring heat from concentrated desiccant to dilute desiccant, a boiler for regenerating dilute desiccant, piping for flowing dilute desiccant from the air conditioning system upward through the heat exchanger, and a flow path for directing concentrated desiccant from the boiler through the heat exchanger and to the air conditioning system.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat exchange between a fluid circulating in a tube of heat conductive material and a flow of liquid in a thin layer circulating by gravity in a channel of heat conductive material, in thermal contact with the tube and disposed in the manner of a helix around the tube. The invention has application to evaporation, desorption, condensation, and absorption in chemical and physico-chemical reactors, and especially in air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Abstract: A film evaporator formed by a cylindrical body section (50) with a heating jacket (53) and angled scraping blades (84) mounted on a rotatable shaft (76) to move the thickened material downwardly through the evaporator. Below the body section (50) is an inverted frusto-conical section (62) containing inclined scraping blades (86) also mounted on the shaft (76) and a smaller diameter lower body section (64) through which the thickened product can be discharged by a screw (93) of opposite hand to the scraping blades (84). The screw (93) is carried on a lower shaft (88) which is journalled to the shaft (76) so that the shafts can be rotated independently and in opposite directions.

Abstract: The structure, method of fabrication and uses of enclosed double plate heat transfer panels with prefabricated main panel bodies are introduced. In most applications, a pane is used to conduct a gas-liquid interaction such as vaporization, condesation, gas absorption, gas description, endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions inside while having a heat interaction with a fluid outside that undergoes a complementary operation. A panel (41) incorporates one or more of the following key features:(a) It comprises a prefabricated main body (42) and two reinforced mainfold conduits (47) and (49) welded to the main panel body by welds (45).(b) It has nozzles (48) for applying a liquid film inside the panel.(c) The inside surfaces (51) are textured to improve wettability and drainage.

Abstract: Heat exchanger apparatus which includes a substantially horizontal countercurrent heat exchanger of the shell-and-tube type, particularly for hybrid heat pumps operated with non-azeotropic work fluids. The apparatus further includes fluid distributor with fluid outlets the number of which corresponds to the number of the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger is provided upstream the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger tubes of which are connected each to one fluid outlet of the fluid distributor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat and mass transfer is described that is applicable to: regeneration of liquid desiccant solutions, heat pumping of humid gases, cooling and dehumidifying of gases for air conditioning, and water absorption from air. Generally, using a moving gas, at a constant pressure, a continual change in a vapor-liquid equilibrium is created between proximate but continually changing gas and liquid desiccant temperatures within an energy transferring chamber. Chamber wetting, implemented segmentedly, allows mass transfer into and from the moving gas. A forced temperature differential between heat sinks and sources causes heat transferred by means of thermally conductive barriers. Concurrent with temperature variances, the segmented wetting further allows liquid desiccant concentrations caused by evaporation or condensation, to vary between wetted sectors.

Abstract: A vertical tube heat exchanger having a shell enclosing a bottom tubesheet, a top tubesheet in parallel, spaced-apart relationship to the bottom tubesheet, and a plurality of spaced-apart parallel flow tubes extending between the top tubesheet and bottom tubesheet includes liquid distributor devices inserted into the open top end of the flow tubes. The distributors are fabricated of an elastic material of sufficient resilience to sustain deformation circumferentially of the distributor device to accomodate irregularities in the tube wall at the top end creating a continuous uninterrupted peripheral seal at the interface of the distributor and tube wall at the open top end when inserted in the tube open top end, and to recover the original peripheral size and form of the distributor when the distributor is removed from the tube open top end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat and mass transfer is described that is applicable to: concentration, crystallization, purification, fractionation, stripping, absorption, and/or heat exchange for liquid media; drying for solid or gel media; and temperature and humidity modification for gas media. Generally, using a moving gas, such as air at a constant and atmospheric pressure, a continual change in a vapor-liquid equilibrium is created between proximate but continually changing gas and liquid temperatures within energy transferring chambers. Chamber wetting, implemented segmentedly, allows mass transfer into and from the moving gas. A forced temperature differential in each chamber causes heat transfer between chambers by means of thermally conductive partitons. This transfer can allow condensation causing further evaporation in the opposite chamber resulting in a recycling of energy.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heat and mass transfer are described that is applicable to: concentration, crystallization, purification, fractionation, stripping, absorption, and/or heat exchange for liquid media; and temperature and humidity modification for gas media. Using a plurality of moving gas streams, comprised for example of air, at constant and generally atmospheric pressures, a continual change in a vapor-liquid equilibrium of the gas streams is created between proximate but continually changing gas and liquid temperatures within each of a plurality of heat exchange chambers. Chamber wetting, implemented segmentedly, allows mass transfer into and out of the gas streams. A forced temperature differential between chambers, caused by different temperatures of the gas streams entering the chambers or by humidity modification of these gas streams within chambers, causes heat transfer between chambers through thermally conductive partitions.

Abstract: An improved boiler for liquefied gases comprises at least one heat transfer surface having means for creating a falling film of liquefied gas from its upper to lower end and means to heat the surface above the temperature at which the liquefied gas boils at the prevailing pressure. The subject apparatus is particularly suited for reboiling liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for the evaporation of liquids or for the absorption or degassing of two-substance or multi-substance solutions of the interior tube falling film type of construction, with a pressure tank (12) through which a heat exchanging medium can pass, whose interior contains a plurality of vertical parallel tubes (22) set apart from one another which open in a bell (26; 24) placed on the bottom and on the top of the pressure tank, the upper ends of the tubes projecting above the upper side of the top place of the pressure tank. On the upper bell (24) there is provided an inlet (36) for the liquid or solution, and a connection (38) for the input or output of evaporated liquid or gaseous solution component, and on the bottom bell there is provided an outlet (34) for liquid or liquid solution.At a distance above the mouths of the tubes (22) a dividing plate (42) is inserted into the bell, which has a plurality of bores (44) of small diameter.

Abstract: The heat exchanger has a zig-zagged liquid-flowing passage and an overflowed-liquid escaping conduit. When an excessive amount of cooling water is supplied to the heat exchanger, a part of cooling water flows into the overflowed-liquid escaping conduit through a dam formed between the liquid-flowing passage and the escaping conduit. The heat exchanger is formed by assembling a plurality of heat exchanging partition plates formed by molding. The heat exchanging partition plates have the same shape and the same dimensions, and they are easily engageable with and detachable from each other.

Abstract: A gas/liquid heat and/or mass exchanger including a chamber to hold the liquid, the bottom wall of the chamber defining at least one outlet orifice. A plurality of thin guide filaments descends from the orifice or orifices, and at least one thin, falling film of liquid flows down the filaments. The guide filaments are preferably substantially straight and under longitudinal tension. They may be either vertically oriented or tilted, and each one may be either a monofilament of multiple filament. An array of guide filaments may descend from each outlet orifice, and all such arrays may be parallel. A preferred form of the method of forming each outlet orifice is disclosed. A non-fouling nozzle for controlling the flow of liquid is disclosed as a subcombination.

Abstract: An evaporative condenser of the plate type having spaced heat exchange elements incorporates a blow down concentrator. Vapor enters the elements and after condensation therein by heat exchange with liquid flowing as a film on the outer surfaces of the elements; condensate is discharged from the bottoms of the elements. The coolant liquid is itself evaporatively cooled by a flow of cooling air passing outside the heat exchange elements, within a casing that encloses the elements. The cooling air may even be warmer than the coolant liquid so long as the air is not saturated. The overflow of cooling water from the condenser elements goes to the concentrator section, thus eliminating a separate piece of equipment especially dedicated to the concentrating of used coolant.

Abstract: A thermal system includes a plurality of heat exchangers in series and the same number of flash tanks in series is interposed between two subsequent effects of a multiple effect evaporating system for sulfate black liquor. The liquor is indirectly heated in the heat exchangers by vapor produced by step-by-step expansion of the same liquor in the flash tanks and additionally by steam from an external source. To decrease the viscosity of the black liquor it is heated to a temperature of 190.degree.-200.degree. C. and retained in a reactor vessel for 10-20 minutes.Preferably the flash tanks and the heat exchange elements are positioned on top of each other within a shell to form an integral construction in which the vapor compartment of each flash tank is directly connected to the vapor compartment of a corresponding one of the heat exchange elements.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator in which some plate elements have their upper portions surrounded by a hood to prevent feed liquor from contacting hot vapor generated in the evaporator and exchanging heat therewith by direct contact. Other elements are located outside the hood.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a multiplicity of generally vertical heat transfer tubes has an improved liquid distribution arrangement in its upper inlet head. The liquid distribution arrangement includes a flow diverting baffle disposed within the inlet head above the tubes, a plurality of flow restricting devices inserted in the upper open ends of the tubes and a dam spaced inwardly from a peripheral region of the upper head for receiving flow from the baffle and providing an overflow reservoir surrounding the upper open tube ends for evenly distributing flow to the upper open tube ends.

Abstract: A multiple, parallel packed column vaporizer for vaporizing a chemical having a relatively low decomposition temperature includes a shell; a plurality of parallel, vertically oriented vaporization columns arranged in the shell, each vaporization column having inner walls and upper and lower open ends; a distribution assembly for distributing the chemical substantially equally to the open upper ends of the vaporization columns, which flows downwardly therein; a heat exchanger which heats the vaporization columns to provide the heat needed to vaporize the chemical therein; and a gas supply which supplies the gas to the lower ends of the vaporization columns so that the chemical is vaporized and becomes entrained in the gas and is carried upwardly out of the vaporizer.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator having vertical outer tubes with closed upper ends connected to an upper tube plate disposed in the lower region of the evaporator. Other parallel tubes are disposed inside the outer tubes and are connected to a lower tube plate under the upper tube plate. The evaporator also has a mechanism for distributing the material to be evaporated onto the upper ends of the outer tubes in such a way that the material flows down along the tubes and forms a film on the external surface of the tubes. The space between the tube plates, in which the ends of the outer pipes are located, is divided by an intermediate wall into an inlet and an outlet compartments. Heating steam is fed to the inlet compartment. Clean condensate is recovered from the inlet compartment and contaminated condensate from the outlet compartment.

Abstract: The invention provides flat, thin and hollow heat exchanger units of synthetic resin make, each operating to have a cooling water fed thereto and air flowed horizontally in an air passage therebetween, thus realizing an indirect contact heat exchange between the air and the cooling water through both wall plates. The invention further relates to a crossflow cooling tower incorporating a wet heat exchanger or packing material and an indirect contact type heat exchanger operating on the afore-mentioned heat exchanger units.

Abstract: Heating elements formed by joining a pair of plates around most of their peripheries are provided with an internal partition which separates upper and lower internal spaces within the element so that separate streams of condensate are discharged from the element. A plurality of such plate elements can be used in a falling film condenser.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and an apparatus for maintaining a very thin film in an exchanger involving a flowing liquid film. The process wherein the liquid films are fed by gravity from a liquid source is characterised in that: each film is fed at the permanent flow (kd.sub.1) corresponding to the feed flow rate (d.sub.1) of the source; then for a short period of time the flow rate is increased to a transient value (kd.sub.2) for establishing a continuous film over the whole of the corresponding flow surface; then operation returns to the flow rate (kd.sub.1) for the film in question, the short periods of feeding the different films at their transient flow rates (kd.sub.2) being displaced in respect of time. The apparatus according to the invention comprises at the top of each flow tube a movable sleeve, lifting movement or rotary movement of which opens a supplementary communication between the liquid source and the tube, permitting the film flow rate to assume the transient value (kd.sub.2).

Abstract: A device for removing the volatile components of a polymer in a polymer train includes a hollow pipe which defines an interior chamber, a pair of flanges mounted on opposite axial ends of the pipe, a heat jacket mounted on the pipe and disposed to surround the pipe, a plurality of band heating elements mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the heat jacket, and an arrangement of fin elements disposed in the interior chamber of the pipe to contact the polymer flowing through the pipe. Heat from the heating elements is distributed by the heat jacket over the axial length of the pipe and is transferred to the fin elements to heat the polymer flowing through the pipe. The fin elements may be in a cruciform arrangement within the interior chamber of the pipe. A method of removing the volatile components includes forming a thin film of polymer and heating and distributing the heat evenly on the thin film of polymer so that the volatile components may be vaporized.

Abstract: A header assembly comprises a plurality of substantially V-shaped, slotted troughs disposed in a substantially parallel relationship and interconnected perpendicularly to a manifold. Each trough comprises two substantially parallel, rigid side walls, two rigid end plates and two oblique walls which converge and attach to define an apex of the V-shaped trough. A plurality of alternating spacing elements and slots extends longitudinally along the length of the trough and equidistantly and obliquely along both oblique walls at the apex of the trough. Each trough contains a fiberglass-woven cord extending along the length of the trough and is disposed above the spacing elements and slots and in contact with both oblique walls.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus having a first header for receiving fluid from a source, flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange elements defining a plurality of passages through a heat exchange zone and second header means for receiving fluid from said plastic heat exchange elements after passing through said heat exchange zone. Support elements are provided, supporting and rigidifying the flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange member. The plastic heat exchange element defining said plurality of passages is radially expandable by pressure of fluid from said source to avoid scale formation.

Abstract: An ice harvesting/water chiller machine with an improved evaporator assembly having a plurality of plate-type heat exchangers oriented vertically in face-to-face parallel relation. A water reservoir is located above the heat exchangers. Water is distributed from the reservoir downwardly to flow over the outside surfaces of the heat exchangers to effect a substantially even distribution of water over the outside surfaces as it flows downwardly thereover. Cold refrigerant is distributed to the tops of the heat exchangers to cascade downwardly over the inside surfaces of the heat exchangers to effect a substantially even distribution of refrigerant over the inside surfaces as it cascades downwardly thereover. A cold refrigerant feed tube extends across the top of each heat exchanger substantially the entire width thereof. The tube has spaced openings along the tube over substantially the entire width of the heat exchanger which openings communicate with the interior of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An evaporator which is formed, in combination, of a first evaporator of a centrifugal falling-film type; and a second evaporator having a shape formed of a heating side wall portion of a downward-pointing conical configuration, a cover portion defining at least one opening, through which a liquid to be treated is charged and resulting volatile components are discharged, and a bottom portion defining at least one opening permitting discharge of an evaporation residue. A scraping agitator is built in the second evaporator. The side wall portion is externally wrapped with a pipe or the like, whereby a heating medium is caused to pass therethrough for heating the side wall portion. The evaporation residue discharge opening of the first evaporator is connected to the opening of the cover portion of the second evaporator.The above evaporator is suitable to recover a volatile component from a high-viscosity liquid containing tar-like substances. It can achieve a high recovery rate.

Abstract: A falling-film process and apparatus for the cocurrent evaporation of a solution is disclosed. The process utilizes a tube-bundle heat exchanger in which the upper ends of the individual tubes of the tube-bundle are closed. Apertures, preferably in the form of slots, are formed adjacent the closed-end of the individual tubes. A liquid heel is maintained above the highest of said apertures and flows into the interior of the tubes through said apertures. Upon entering the tubes the liquid and any vapor released therefrom flows cocurrently in a downward direction. The vapors released from the liquid are recycled to a point above the liquid heel through conduit means separate from the individual tubes.

Abstract: A heat and mass transfer device for transmitting heat between a fluid flowing within a pipe and a solution flowing on the outside of the pipe. The device comprises at least one vertically upright tubular pipe and a U-shaped folded metal fin strip twisted helically around the periphery of the pipe. The spacing of the fins on the pipe is such that a pulsating flow of the solution flowing on the outside of the pipe is achieved.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of falling film type comprising heat exchange plates with area enlarging corrugation forming ridges and valleys extending in the falling film direction, repeated redistribution of the falling film is brought about by having the ridges and the valleys extending continuously within each of a number of zones formed one after the other in the falling direction, whereas the ridges and the valleys with regard to two consecutive zones are laterally displaced in relation to each other such that the ridges and the valleys, respectively, in one zone extend in alignment with the valleys and the ridges, respectively, in a consecutive zone.

Abstract: A power plant includes a source of water, a heat exchanger having an evaporator side maintained below atmospheric pressure for converting the water to steam, and a turbine responsive to said steam for producing work and heat depleted steam. The heat exchanger also has a condenser side for receiving and condensing the heat depleted steam. The evaporator side of the heat exchanger is separated by a barrier from the condenser side. Concentrated brine from a source thereof is caused to fall in a film on the condenser side of the barrier, and water from the water source is caused to fall in a film on the evaporator side of the barrier. The heat of dilution of the film of concentrated brine, as it is directly contacted by the heat depleted steam in the condenser side of the heat exchanger, is transferred through the barrier from the condenser side to the evaporator side raising the temperature of the film of water on the evaporator side which evaporates in the reduced pressure in the evaporator.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus having a first header for receiving fluid from a source, flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange elements defining a plurality of passages through a heat exchange zone and second header means for receiving fluid from said plastic heat exchange elements after passing through said heat exchange zone. Support elements are provided, supporting and rigidifying the flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange member. The plastic heat exchange element defining said plurality of passages is radially expandable by pressure of fluid from said source to avoid scale formation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting a long tube vertical evaporator to a falling film evaporator in a manner which permits salvaging most of the long tube vertical evaporator structure. The bottom chamber of the existing evaporator is extended to define a flash chamber intermediate the existing heat exchanger chamber and the bottom chamber. A vapor riser conduit is provided for directing vapor from the flash chamber to the vapor separation chamber positioned above the heat exchanger chamber. A recirculation conduit is provided for directing liquid from the bottom chamber therethrough into a distribution chamber which is provided above and in communication with the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes positioned in the heat exchanger chamber. The distribution chamber is preferably provided with a plurality of spray nozzles which communicate with the recirculation conduit to evenly distribute a film of liquid downwardly through the heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: An improved mass transfer heat exchanger in which heat transmission surfaces are more effectively used and having excellent mass transmission characteristics. Heat transmission pipes are arranged vertically in a tank, extending through a partition board dividing the tank into upper and lower chambers. A solution lead-in pipe supplies a high-density solution to be subjected to heat exchange to the upper chamber, and a pump draws a low-density solution obtained by mass exchange out of the lower chamber and delivers a part thereof to the upper chamber. The upper and lower chambers are communicated through a return pipe which delivers to the lower chamber an intermediate-density solution obtained by mixing the high-density solution and a surplus of the low-density solution in the upper chamber. A vapor lead-in pipe supplies vapor to the lower chamber. The intermediate-density solution flows down the heat transmission pipes, passing through gaps between the partition boards and heat transmission pipes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a vertically arranged circular-cylindrical holder closed at its upper end and at its lower end, and a pipe coaxially arranged within the holder. A fin is secured to the inner pipe and consists of a plurality of interconnected lamellae extending radially from the pipe, the fin being helically wound around the pipe so that the adjacent lamellae of successive turns of the resulting helix overlap each other in part, viewed in the circumferential direction of the pipe. A capillary passage is located in each lamella above the surface of an underlying lamella in a position shifted with respect to the capillary passage of the underlying lamella.

Abstract: An assembly and method provide for the simultaneous heating of process inlet water from a clean water source, and condensing of a condensable gas using the process inlet water and a closed loop of condensing water. A plurality of pairs of condenser plates are disposed in an annular array in a vertical cylindrical vessel. First and second liquid inlets are disposed at the top of the vessel separated by a radially extending fixed baffle, and first and second liquid outlets are disposed at the bottom of the vessel separated by a radially extending fixed baffle. A condensable gas passes through the interiors of the pairs of condensing plates. Movable top and bottom baffles are rotatable through arcs to change the number of condensing plates operatively communicating the first liquid inlet with respect to the second liquid inlet, the liquid flowing between the first liquid inlet and outlet being always segregated from the liquid flowing between the second liquid inlet and outlet.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for operating solution heat with vertical heat exchangers by providing an improved heat exchangers design and method for exchanging heat between a waste heat source and a binary working fluid preferably in an absorption heat pump unit and in particular the desorber section thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for liquid/liquid heat exchange has a plurality of parallel vertical tubes arranged for the upward transport within the tubes of a first heat-exchange liquid, supply and discharge tanks for the first liquid into which the lower and upper ends of the tubes respectively open. A granular mass is fluidized during operation by the flow of the first liquid so as to occupy at least the tubes. Supply and discharge means for a second heat exchange liquid bring the second liquid into contact with the outer surface of the tubes. In order to improve the heat flow between the second liquid and the tubes, the supply means for the second liquid causes the second liquid to contact the tubes in the form of a film flowing downwardly along the outer surface of each tube.

Abstract: A method, together with suitable apparatus therefor, is provided useful in recovering heat from a high temperature cracked hydrocarbon gas, in which a liquid wash is injected into the tubes of a vertically oriented multitube transfer line heat exchanger to minimize deposition of coke. The wash liquid is introduced into a plenum chamber located above the top tube sheet and it then flows through a perforated plate. This distributes the liquid uniformly over the plate where it flows into the tubes to dissolve and/or flux condensates and coke.

Abstract: A combined steam generator and engine including a means for spraying a finely atomized vaporizable liquid at all areas of an extensive heat exchanging surface. The opposite surface of walls providing the extensive heat exchanging surface is in direct contact with a heating fluid. The resulting steam is produced in a comparatively small steam generating volume in constantly open fluid communication with the expansible chamber of a cyclically operable engine. The invention provides rapid steam pressure build-up from a cold start, operates with a liquid or gaseous heating fluid, and has rapid response time to changing operating conditions. A sensitive control means alters the amount of vaporizable fluid that is sprayed in the generator, to control power output.