Abstract: Disclosed are a food heat-exchange device capable of rapidly freezing food stored in a refrigerator or thawing frozen food in the refrigerator, and a refrigerator having the same. The refrigerator includes a body in which a storage compartment is defined, and the food heat-exchange device is mounted in the storage compartment, to enable thawing or rapid-freezing of food. The food heat-exchange device includes a heat-exchange plate, which is provided at a surface thereof with a contact portion to come into contact with food and at the other surface thereof with a pin to facilitate heat-exchange.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system for a wind turbine is provided and includes a gearbox, gearbox heat exchanger, generator, generator heat exchanger, and a cooling duct. The cooling duct is connected to the gearbox and generator heat exchangers, and is used to transport air across both heat exchangers to cool the gearbox and generator.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle air conditioner capable of maintaining comfortable temperature-controlling properties by improving the air mixing performance while reducing separation in the air channel to increase the air flow rate and reduce noise.

Abstract: A thin plate thermally coupled to a cooling tube is positioned between a heating plate and a substrate and is adapted to serve as a heating plate or a cooling plate for the substrate. The thin plate and heating plate may be positioned in a load lock for the expeditious heating and cooling of large-area substrates. The cooling tube may include a first conduit, a second conduit disposed inside the first conduit having substantially no contact with the first conduit and containing a working fluid, and an isolation region disposed between the first conduit and the second conduit. The working fluid may be thermally decoupled from the thin plate by evacuating the isolation region and thermally coupled to the thin plate by filling the isolation region with a heat-conducting gas.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system including an air processor, a compression subsystem, a heat box, a recuperator, and an operating system. The air processor includes a pre-conditioner, a drenched coil and a post conditioner. The heat box includes a refrigerant line in fluid communication with the compression subsystem, a heat exchange line, and a series of motorized shutters. The recuperator includes a thermal storage means, a supply pump and at least two heat exchange lines.

Abstract: Provided is a trap apparatus, disposed in an exhaust passage 22 for discharging an exhaust gas from a processing chamber 10 for processing a wafer W, thereby to trap exhaust from the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust trapped by a trap element can be efficiently removed to regenerate the trap element. The trap apparatus includes a housing 42 disposed in the exhaust passage, a trap element 48 disposed in the housing for trapping the exhaust, a trap heating unit 54 for heating the trap element, a coolant introducing unit 60 for introducing a coolant into the housing, a coolant discharging unit 62 for discharging the coolant from the housing, and a controller 88 which performs a control to introduce the coolant from the coolant introducing unit into the housing, while the trap element being heated by the trap heating unit, to remove the exhaust trapped by the trap element.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner is disclosed having means to cool and heat air with three air paths, of which, two outer air paths have a common first temperature and an inner air path has a second temperature, wherein a means for controlling the air volume flow through the outer air paths and the inner air path is provided by two control elements which are configured jointly to be able to move in opposing directions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning and/or beating system (1) for vehicles having a housing (3) which is designed to be positioned partially in or entirely on a vehicle roof (5) and comprises at least one component (7) of the air conditioning and/or heating systems (1), wherein the housing (3) is composed at least partially of foamed plastic, and at least one area of the surface of the housing is coated with a material which is resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and the housing (3) or housing part which is composed of foamed plastic contains at least a part of at least one insert which is designed to contribute to mounting the housing (3) on a vehicle roof (5) or in a recess in the vehicle roof (5).

Abstract: Provided are a heat-pump cooler (A) having a first circulation channel (1) and a heater circulator (B) having a second circulation channel (8). A water-cooling condenser (3) in the first circulation channel (1) is placed in the second circulation channel (8), and causes the first coolant to release its heat to the second coolant. The second circulation channel (8) includes a passage switching valve (14) for switching the passage between a passage passing a radiator (10) and a radiator bypass passage (13). During a heating operation, the passage switching valve (14) causes the second coolant to flow into the radiator bypass passage (13), and the air heated by a heater core (12) is introduced as air-conditioned air into the vehicle cabin. During a cooling operation, the passage switching valve (14) causes the second coolant to flow into the radiator (10), and the air cooled by an evaporator (6) is introduced as air-conditioned air into the vehicle cabin.

Abstract: The invention described herein represents a significant improvement in the efficiency of heating and cooling applications such as buildings. An air or water sourced fluid extraction process on the front end of an open loop heat pump system is provided. The extracted fluid is compressed in a heat pump compressor to achieve a heating function but no expansion of the compressed fluid is performed. The compressed fluid is instead stored for a subsequent cooling process or transported to a different location. After storage or transport, the compressed fluid is expanded to achieve a cooling function which requires no energy input other than the transport or storage. Once the fluid is expanded, it can be released back to the environment, can be converted to electricity in the case of hydrogen, or can be transported or stored for a heating application at a different place or time.

Abstract: A vehicular air conditioning unit includes an air-mix chamber (9) configured to mix cool air and hot air, the air-mix chamber (9) includes: a cool air inlet (5b); a hot air inlet (14b); a center vent outlet passage (21); and a side vent outlet passage (20), wherein the cool air inlet (5b) is divided into a first cool air opening portion (6) and a second cool air opening portion (7), the center vent outlet passage (21) is disposed opposite one of the first cool air opening portion (6) and the second cool air opening portion (7) across the air-mix chamber (9), and the side vent outlet passage (20) is disposed opposite the other of the first cool air opening portion (6) and the second cool air opening portion (7) across the air-mix chamber.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing system, an interface system, a carrier, and a method for providing an ambient controlled environment is disclosed. The semiconductor manufacturing system comprises a plurality of process chambers; at least one interface system, wherein the interface system includes a first ambient control element; at least one carrier, wherein the carrier comprises a second ambient control element; and a control module coupled to the plurality of process chambers, the at least one interface system, and the at least one carrier.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermal control includes a first component; a second component; an adjustable thermal link disposed between the first component and the second component; and a controller for selectively varying a thermal conductance of the adjustable thermal link. A method of controlling a temperature includes sensing a temperature of a first component; and adjusting a thermal conductance of an adjustable thermal link, the adjustable thermal link forming a thermal path between the first component and a second component; the thermal conductance of the adjustable thermal link being adjusted such that the temperature of the first component is controlled.

Abstract: A heating device includes a low-temperature heat store thermally coupled to a heat pump. The heat store is a buried pocket containing a permeable material and water. A high heat exchange capacity is thus achieved by exploiting both the high specific heat of the water and the high latent heat of liquefaction of the water contained in the heat store.

Abstract: An infant care ensemble includes a storage device including a first housing having at least one of a cooling mechanism, a first heating mechanism, and a combination thereof for at least one of cooling an interior portion thereof, warming an interior portion of thereof, cooling predetermined items therein, warming predetermined items therein, and a combination thereof. A first power source is connected to at least one of such cooling mechanism, such first heating mechanism, and a combination thereof. A bottle warming device is releasably engageable with such storage device and includes a second housing for housing a predetermined baby bottle. A second heating mechanism heats at least one of an interior portion of such second housing, such baby bottle, and a combination thereof. A second power source supplies power to such second heating mechanism. First and second switch mechanisms turn on and off such first and second power sources.

Abstract: A filtering method and a filter device (10) for removing impurities from the breathing air (24) in a room, an air raid shelter or a vehicle. According to the filtering method, the air to be filtered is driven through a carbon dioxide filter (13) by a fan (15), with the result that at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and/or mold spores and other impurities in the air are trapped in the carbon dioxide filter. After the filtering, the filter is regenerated and the carbon dioxide and/or mold spores trapped in it are removed by a technique whereby air heated by a thermal resistor (20) is passed through the filter, this air preferably consisting of the same air to be filtered.

Abstract: Both an air mixing door (9) for the cold air for adjusting a passage area of the cold air passage (6); and an air mixing door (10) for the hot air for adjusting a passage area of the hot air passage (7) are composed of a sliding door for adjusting the passage area when the air mixing door (9) for the cold air and the air mixing door (10) for the hot air are slid in a direction perpendicular to the flow of air in both the passages (6, 7), and while one of the air mixing door (9) for the cold air and the air mixing door (10) for the hot air is maintaining one of the passages (6, 7) in a fully opened state, an operating position of the other door is adjusted so that a passage area of the other passage is adjusted and a temperature of the air blowing out into a vehicle compartment is adjusted.

Abstract: A heat recovery device is provided for recovering thermal energy from a fluid medium, in particular for use in a waste-water system of a dishwasher. The heat recovery device comprises at least one heat exchanger with at least one heat exchanger surface. The heat recovery device further comprises at least one heating device, which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger surface, and also at least one controller. The controller is designed to carry out a self-cleaning process for the heat exchanger, with the heat exchanger surface being briefly heated by means of the heating device during the self-cleaning process.

Abstract: In an air conditioner for a vehicle and including a heat exchanger for cooling, an air mix door, and a heat exchanger for heating arranged in an air conditioner casing in that order from an upstream fan side toward a downstream side and a rear vent outlet path and a foot outlet path branching out via an air mix chamber for mixing, cold air and hot air, an air distribution amount adjustment blade for adjusting an amount of air distribution from the air mix chamber is provided in the rear vent outlet path, a foot door a door opening degree of which is controlled according to a selected mode is provided in the foot outlet path, and the air distribution amount adjustment blade is a blade in operative association with door open/close operation of the foot door and for limiting the amount of air distribution to the rear vent outlet path when the door opening degree of the foot door is large.

Abstract: An air conditioner for an automobile includes a foot door (11) and a mixing area (20). The foot door (11) has a partition wall (11b), and is movable at least between an advanced position (11A) where the partition wall (11b) reaches a state of blocking an air flow from a merging area J to the downstream side in an air passage, and a retreated position (11B) where the partition wall (11b) retreats from the advanced position (11A) in the air passage. The foot door (11) has a partition wall (11b), and is movable at least between an advanced position (11A) where the partition wall (11b) reaches a state of blocking the air flowing from the merging area J to the downstream side in the air passage; and a retreated position (11B) where the partition wall (11b) retreats from the advanced position (11A).

Abstract: An object is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that has increased heating ability and reduced noise by improving the heat-exchange efficiency of a heater core by improving an air inlet channel of the heater core and that suppresses stagnation and separation of an air flow at the air inlet channel. Provided is an air-mixing damper type vehicle air conditioner (1) including an air-mixing damper (6), wherein a heater-core inlet channel sidewall (2A) of a casing (2) from a sealing portion (11) of the casing (2) to an edge of a heater core (5) is an inclined surface (30), the sealing portion (11) being contacted by a tip portion (6C) of the air-mixing damper (6) when the inlet of a heating-side air channel (13) is completely closed, and wherein the inclined surface (30) is formed as a curved surface protruding toward the inlet channel of the heater core (5).

Abstract: The present finding relates to a system for controlling a cabin at least thermally. The system (10) with energy recovery includes a first air treatment unit (20) suitable to collect external air and supplying air at least thermally controlled (air treated) in the cabin (12), a second air treatment unit (30) suitable to collect exhausted air from the cabin (12) and heat exchange means (43) configured to exchange heat between exhausted air and external cabin air supply. The system also includes air humidification means (45) suitable to humidify the exhausted air, to reduce, using evaporation enthalpy, the preset temperature of the exhausted air, and to supply the exhausted humidified air to the heat exchange means in order to optimize the recovery of energy. The finding also relates to an exhausted air treatment unit and to a method to control a cabin at least thermally.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an analyzer for measuring the vapor pressure of a hydrocarbon liquid. The analyzer includes a pressure measuring system connected to an air saturation system having a circulation chamber with opposing first and second ends. A first opening is disposed toward the first end and a second opening is disposed toward the second end. A plumbing system connects the first and second openings. A pump moves the hydrocarbon liquid through the plumbing system from the first opening to the second opening so as to saturate the hydrocarbon liquid with air. The air saturation system has a cooler for cooling the hydrocarbon liquid and the pressure measuring system has a heater for heating the hydrocarbon liquid. The pump may be a piston actuated pump or a motor-driven pump and the plumbing system may include an aeration chamber.

Abstract: To propose a vehicle air-conditioning system capable of further reducing a temperature fluctuation of blowing-out air when temperature-conditioned air is supplied to an in-car space. The vehicle air-conditioning system including a cooling apparatus 5 capable of changing an amount of withdrawn heat in a stepwise manner, heaters 6A, 6B, and 6C, each having different heat release capability, which constitutes a heating apparatus 6 capable of changing an amount of generated heat in a stepwise manner, and a control device 30 including a supplying amount of heat calculating portion 30A for calculating a supplying amount of heat to an in-car space 2 and an amount of generated and withdrawn heat setting portion 30B for setting amounts of withdrawn and generated heat of the cooling apparatus 5 and the heating apparatus 6 on the basis of the supplying amount of heat calculated by means of the supplying amount of heat calculating portion 30A.

Abstract: A compact gas dryer (100) comprises a primary heat exchanger (200) exchanging heat between hot, incoming, contaminated gaseous medium and outgoing dry, cool gaseous 5 medium, a secondary heat exchanger (300) exchanging heat between incoming cold gaseous medium from the primary heat exchanger (200) and a refrigerant, and a condense trap (400) trapping condensable matter in the cooled gaseous medium exiting the secondary heat exchanger (300). 10 Afterwards, the dry, cool gaseous medium exchanges heat with the incoming contaminated gaseous medium in the primary heat exchanger. The primary heat exchanger (200), the secondary heat exchanger (300) and the condense trap (400) are combined into a single unit (100).

Abstract: A method and system for controlling the temperatures of at least one gas in a plasma processing environment prior to the at least one gas entering a process chamber. This temperature control may vary at different spatial regions of a showerhead assembly (either an individual gas species or mixed gas species). According to one embodiment, an in-line heat exchanger alters (i.e., increases or decreases) the temperature of passing gas species (either high- or low-density) prior to entering a process chamber, temperature change of the gases is measured by determining a temperature of the gas both upon entrance into the in-line heat exchanger assembly and upon exit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of heating or cooling a series of indoor spaces using domestic hot water and cooling using domestic cold water systems as a source for an efficient and cost effective distribution system that distributes heating and cooling water that can be used in surface heating/cooling panels built directly into the building construction. These panels form part of the space walls and ceilings and form a cost effective and ascetically pleasing method of delivering heating and cooling to a space.

Abstract: A furnace in combination with a heat pump and solar panels for providing domestic hot water and forced hot or cooled air utilizing heat pump achieved efficiency levels in an on-demand and unlimited domestic hot water, heating and air conditioning system. In heating mode, recycled air acquires heat from the heat pump's condenser coil and transfers this heat to the on-demand hot water.

Abstract: The evaporative cooling system comprises: evaporative cooling modules, a liquid supply system which comprises a liquid supply pump and a tube, and which supplies a refrigerant liquid to the evaporative cooling modules; an air supply system which comprises air supply tubes, and which supplies warm air to the evaporative cooling modules; an exhaust system which comprises an exhaust pump and a tube, and which exhausts air containing a refrigerant vapor from the evaporative cooling modules; a reflux system which comprises a primary heat exchanger and a reflux tube, and which condenses the refrigerant vapor to return the condensed refrigerant liquid to the liquid supply system; and a heat exhaust system which comprises a secondary heat exchanger and tubes, and which discharges heat absorbed from the primary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A dispenser for relative rapid cooling or heating of the contents of a liquid storage container provides a receptacle for receiving the liquid storage container therein and positioning a thermal transfer portion of the liquid storage container in thermal conductive relationship with a thermal conduction pad associated with the receptacle. Thermal energy is effectively and efficiently transferred from the thermal conduction pad to the liquid in the liquid storage container. The thermal conduction pad is controlled to provide and maintain the desired temperature to the liquid. The liquid is dispensed directly from the container. Various types of containers can be used in the dispenser, with a special bag-in-box container having a inner container and outer box with thermal conduction windows in the box to provide good heat transfer between the thermal conduction pads and the inner container constituting an aspect of the invention. A special rigid container can also be used.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger, a core has a first core portion including first tubes and a second core portion including second tubes. The first tubes defines first passages through which an internal fluid flows and the second tubes defines second passages through which the internal fluid passed through the first passages flows. A flow direction of the internal fluid passed through a first section of the first core portion and a flow direction of the refrigerant passed through a second section of the first core portion are changed with respect to a direction that the tubes are layered, before flowing in the second core portion. Thus, the internal fluid passed through the first section of the first core portion flows into a second section of the second core portion and the internal fluid passed through the second section of the first core portion flows into a first section of the second core portion.

Abstract: A process by which heat is removed from a reactant fluid to reach the operating temperature of a known pollutant removal method and said heat is recirculated to raise the temperature of the product fluid. The process can be utilized whenever an intermediate step reaction requires a lower reaction temperature than the prior and next steps. The benefits of a heat-recirculating cooler include the ability to use known pollutant removal methods and increased thermal efficiency of the system.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing a heat exchanger is disclosed. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger comprises a casing with a serpentine pathway, a membrane enclosed by the casing, an inlet tube or value for fluid to enter the heat exchanger, and an outlet tube or value for fluid to exit the heat exchanger. In other embodiments, the method comprises attaching a plurality of tubes or valves to a flexible container, creating an asymmetric passage in a rigid shell, enclosing the flexible container within the shell, and sealing the shell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exemplary liquid heat generator including a housing and a rotor disposed within the housing. A flexible pressure relief diaphragm is attached to the rotor. The pressure relief diaphragm includes a seal ring that engages a seal seat attached to the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning system for a vehicle, comprising a heat exchanger (10) which can be penetrated by air and is connected to a first air duct (12) and to at least one second air duct (14) extending into zones (18, 20) that are to be air-conditioned. A first fan (24) and the second fan (26) are designed for sucking in air discharged from the heat exchanger (10) so as to deliver air to the zones (18, 20) that are to be air-conditioned.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control device, which is particularly suitably applied to the temperature control of a processing liquid in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, capable of performing quickly and precisely the temperature control of a temperature-controlled fluid, and the device can also be made as small as possible. This fluid temperature control device includes a body block having flow passage grooves formed therein; heat transfer plates which are disposed on surfaces of the body block to form flow passages where a temperature-controlled fluid flows; heaters which heat the temperature-controlled fluid flowing through the flow passages via at least one of the heat transfer plates; and thermoelectric modules which heat and cool the temperature-controlled fluid flowing through the flow passages via at least one of the heat transfer plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reservoir (10) for cold or heat with a porous body (12) to house a storage medium and a first heat exchanger (14) embedded in the porous body comprising at least one metal tube (16, 18, 20) through which a heat transfer medium may flow to charge the reservoir with heat or cold. According to the invention, a second heat exchanger (22) is embedded in the porous body (12) for discharge of the reservoir which comprises at least one metal tube (24, 26, 28), the porous body is at least partly made from foamed metal, said foamed metal being essentially the same metal as the metal tubes (16, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling the temperature of a fluid by heating and/or cooling. It has a reciprocating, displacement type pumping arrangement which propels fluid from an outlet to an outlet via a conditioning chamber in which fluid temperature control is carried out by means of a thermoelectric heat pump which is preferably of Peltier type.

Abstract: A battery heater/cooler increases mileage, comfort and/or safety in a conventional, electric or hybrid electric vehicle. An enclosure around the battery or batteries includes an inlet for heated or cooled air or liquid and an outlet to facilitate the transfer of heated or cooled air into a passenger compartment. A second battery unit may be used in conjunction with a timer or a remote controlled device to pre-heat or pre-cool itself and the primary battery or batteries and/or passenger compartment before commute times.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an apparatus that includes a microfluidic channel and at least one energy absorbing element, where the energy absorbing element is configured to absorb at least a portion of an incident electromagnetic radiation. The absorption of the radiation by the energy absorbing element varies the temperature of a sample in the microfluidic channel.

Abstract: A method of providing variable cooling includes operating a cooling element to cool an air flow by a first cooling capacity, operating a heating element to heat the air flow by a first heating capacity that adjusts the first cooling capacity towards a first desired total cooling capacity, determining a second desired total cooling capacity, controlling the cooling element to cool the air flow by a second cooling capacity that is greater than the second desired total cooling capacity, and controlling the heating element to heat the air flow by a second heating capacity that adjusts the second cooling capacity towards the second desired total cooling capacity. Further embodiments and cooling systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of performing a temperature set point change for a bake plate of a track lithography tool includes positioning a cooling surface of an actively chilled transfer shuttle adjacent a process surface of the bake plate. The actively chilled transfer shuttle includes the cooling surface and a transfer surface opposing the cooling surface. The method also includes monitoring a temperature of the bake plate, initiating a flow of a cooling fluid through one or more orifices provided on the cooling surface of the actively chilled transfer shuttle, and determining that the temperature of the bake plate has decreased by a predetermined temperature. The method further includes terminating the flow of the cooling fluid and moving the actively chilled transfer shuttle to a robot transfer position.

Abstract: A utility apparatus supplies a liquid to a substrate processing apparatus having a plurality of blocks of heat treatment apparatus groups. A plurality of supply ports supplies the liquid for each vertical block, horizontal block, or heat treatment apparatus. A plurality of recovery ports collects the liquid supplied to each vertical block, horizontal block, or heat treatment apparatus. Detecting mechanisms are provided respectively in the plurality of recovery ports to detect a temperature of the recovered liquid. A control mechanism controls based on detection information of the detecting mechanisms.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for thawing a frozen food item, including a chamber dimensioned to receive the frozen food item, a heat exchanger operable to either heat air in the chamber or to cool the air in the chamber, a fan for creating a flow of the air within the chamber; and a tray disposed in the chamber and having an upper surface adapted to receive and support a lower surface of the frozen food item. The tray is adapted to receive a portion of the flow of air and to provide the portion of the flow of air to the lower surface of the food item such that the portion of the flow of air is distributed across the lower surface of the food item and directed upwardly about the food item.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus including a temperature control head kept in contact with an electronic device as a testing object thermally, an electric heater attached to the temperature control head, a refrigerant passage formed within the temperature control head so as to run through inside thereof, a compressor which compresses refrigerant coming out of the temperature control head, a temperature sensor which detects a temperature of refrigerant on an outlet side of the compressor, a condenser which condenses refrigerant coming out of the compressor, a returning portion which returns refrigerant condensed by the condenser to the temperature control head, and a control portion which bypasses the condensed refrigerant to the intake side of the compressor by a predetermined quantity corresponding to an output of the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Methods of thawing frozen biological samples are provided. Aspects of embodiments of the methods include thawing of a biological sample under pressure in a manner sufficient to maintain the structural integrity and/or viability of the sample. Also provided are devices and systems for use in practicing the methods.

Abstract: An incubation and storage device, in particular for specimens of organic material, is provided. Specifically, boundary surfaces of the inner space of the incubation and storage device are thermally connected to heat transfer elements that are attached on the outside of the device. The heat transfer elements have a liquid heat carrier circulating through them, where the heating and/or cooling of the inner space takes indirectly via the liquid heat carrier. Here a heater for heating and an evaporator for cooling the heat carrier are provided. The heat transfer elements can for example, be box shaped or designed as tubular coils. Through the use of a liquid heat carrier, the necessary temperature constancy inside the device is achieved.

Abstract: A quick chill and thaw system includes an air handler mounted in a fresh food compartment of a refrigerator and drawing air from a freezer compartment for rapid chilling of items inside a slide-out pan. The air handler produces convective airflow at temperatures within the pan at temperatures above and below a temperature of the fresh food compartment to achieve both chilling and thawing of items in the pan.

Abstract: The central position of each heating body 1 in the fluid flow direction is referred to as a heating body central position, the central position of a heat radiating section 33a located between the neighboring heating bodies 1 in the fluid flow direction is referred to as a heat radiating section central position, the end of a heat radiating section 33b connected to a pump 6 on the opposite side of a heat absorbing section is referred to as a heat radiating section front, the distances along the fluid flow from the heating body central position to the heat radiating section central position are referred to as heat transport distances and the distances from the heating body central position to the heat radiating section front are referred to as heat transport distances. S>=the maximum heat transport distance Lmax holds. Lmax is the longest of the heat transport distances.

Abstract: A constant temperature refrigeration system for extensive temperature range application comprising a refrigerator, a low-temperature heat exchanger, a medium-temperature heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat exchanger, a pump, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a temperature sensor, a power regulator and a controller, the temperature sensor is utilized for determining the working fluid temperature and compare the actual input temperature, the actual output temperature and the predetermined temperature, and the controller is utilized for controlling the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve for conveying the fluid to flow through various heat exchangers so that the working fluid is heated or cooled, with the result being that the working fluid temperature outputted is to reach the predetermined temperature, so as to acquire the working fluid having the exactly and precisely predetermined low temperature (?40° C. to 25° C.