Abstract: A roller (R) for the continuous casting of metallic flat bars or plates (S), having a high solidification factor, a satisfactory life of the cylindrical cooling mantle (4) and ease of substituting same. The mantle (4) is formed by a thin metallic, normally copper cylinder, cooled by water flowing at high speed through conduits (41) formed beneath the internal surface of the mantle, a valve structure (12-11) being provided for feeding each conduit independently from the others. The mantle (4) is sustained by a central hub (1,2), and is kept firmly into shape by filling with a suitable material, as for instance a mixture of sand and cement (303), the annular chamber (3) between the mantle (4) and the central hub (1,2). The water cooling of the mantle may be only limited to the contact zone between liquid metal and mantle (4), or may be extended to the whole surface of the mantle.

Abstract: The chill rolls of the cooling section are hollow, open-ended rolls. Spray nozzles in each roll spray water on the instantaneously upper half of the interior periphery and a fan blows air through the roll to effect evaporative cooling. Three different arrangements of the spray nozzles are disclosed for always directing spray to only the upper half of each chill roll.

Abstract: In order to control the moisture profile of paper webs in the cross machine direction thereof in the dryer part of the paper making process a built-up insulating sheet fixedly wound around a part of the circumferential surface of a drying cylinder is composed of a fluorine resin coated sheet having an adhesive agent coated layer on the reverse side thereof and an air-containing synthetic fabric adhered to said fluorine resin coated sheet and having a width slightly smaller than that of said fluorine resin coated sheet. The built-up insulating sheet is adhered to the circumferential surface of the drying cylinder at the appointed positions thereof through the adhesive agent coated layer exposed at the end portion of the fluorine resin coated sheet.

Abstract: A rotary kiln is formed by a helical tube secured inside a cylindrical shell, and fitted with flow spoiler baffles between each turn of the helical tube. Inside the helical tube, one solid particle stream flows uphill in the manner of the classical Archimedes screw. Another stream of particles is tumbled by the flow spoiler baffles and flows under gravity downhill through the center of the helical tube, tumbling over the successive convolutions of the helical tube. This downhill flow occurs because the particles collide with the interflute spoiler baffles, tumble and fall off the helical flutes, thus causing the countercurrent flow. A wide range of surface-to-volume ratios of, and heat transfer through, the helical tube may be achieved by a proper design of the relative width of the tube. This helical tube in a drum device provides heat transfer for a varied number of process applications, such as oil shale or tar sands retorting.

Abstract: An apparatus in which a metal strip is passed in contact partly around the outer circumferences of a number of spaced cooling rolls through which coolant passes. The apparatus includes temperature detectors for detecting the temperature of the strip before contact with each of the cooling rolls, and coolant temperature regulators controlled in accordance with the detected temperature of the strip to adjust the temperature of the coolant passing through each cooling roll to a range which limits the temperature drop of the strip such that unacceptable irregularities or distortions in the configuration of the strip cannot occur. The coolant used for each cooling roll is selected with a boiling point appropriate to the respective detected temperature for each roll. In the preferred arrangement, further temperature detectors are provided for each cooling roll to detect the temperature of the coolant, and output signals from both detectors are inputted to a control for regulating a flow rate valve.

Abstract: A drying cylinder for use in the drying part of a paper making process. The moisture profile of paper web is equalized all over the width of said paper web by fixedly winding synthetic fabric around the surface of a drying cylinder contacting with wet paper web at the appointed positions thereof to form the void areas among yarns of said synthetic fabric as highly insulating air-holding portions.

Abstract: An improved heat transfer or chill roll is disclosed employing a static mandrel, and agitation within the roll together with longitudinal distribution of the heat exchange fluid provides increased uniformity of surface temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heated roll for the thermal treatment of formed products. It includes a driven hollow shaft and a hollow roll body of a circular-ring-shaped cross section and closed on all sides to accommodate a heat transfer medium. Power supply lines for heating elements as well as electric wires of temperature probes are led through the hollow shaft. In order to provide a heated roll to be used without problems both in the low-temperature range and in the high-temperature range up to about 600.degree. C. and to reach a uniform temperature profile over the total operation surface of the roll outer shell and a long service life of the heat transfer medium, without excessive temperature prevailing at the bearings of the driving shaft, and to provide for an easy repair, the hollow shaft is connected with the roll body by a hub. One or several saline compound(s) or (a) low-melting metal(s) or metal alloy(s) are contained in the interior of the hollow roll body.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes a cylindrical kiln body supported for rotation about a central axis inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, a cylindrical combustion chamber formed inside the kiln body and extending along the central axis, and a plurality of cylindrical calcination chambers formed inside the kiln body so as to lie parallel with and surround the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has an outlet at its lower end from which residue produced by combustion of fuel inside the combustion chamber drops for further combustion and/or discharge.

Abstract: A transport unit for elongated hot metallic stock, includes a roll or roller having a cooling duct system near its periphery and radially oriented feed and discharge ducts for coolant; a journal pin extends from the roll or roller to one axial end thereof and carrying a gear, the journal pin is traversed by a bore extending into the interior of the roll or roller and is fluid conductively communicating with the coolant discharge duct; a gear transmission including a casing is provided and the journal pin is mounted for rotation by means of roller bearings in the casing, the transmission gear includes the gear on the journal pin so that the journal pin constitutes the output shaft of the transmission gear: a motor is secured to the casing and has its output shaft drivingly connected to the input shaft of the transmission gear; a feed tube for coolant extends through the bore and into the roller for fluid conductive connection with the radial feed duct and being connected to a coolant feed supply; additional co

Abstract: Windage losses due to coolant flowing to the air gap 24 of a dynamoelectric machine having a stator 10 and a rotor 18 are avoided by providing the end faces 28, 30 of the rotor 18 with radially inwardly opening grooves 38 which receive pitot pumps 40. The grooves 38 collect coolant under the influence of centrifugal force and the pitot pumps 40 collect coolant from the associated groove 38 to convey the same to a pressure pump 31.

Abstract: A support roll is provided with a plurality of surface near axis parallel cooling ducts extending from a cylindrical manifold chamber into which coolant is fed through a stationary hollow rod having openings and carrying on one end a disk which remains stationary and provides variable rate of feeding into the ducts as the roll rotates such that the duct adjacent a surface portion of the roll in contact with the casting receives maximum coolant flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for mounting an outer jacket (4) on a roller-shaped body (1, 2, 3) for forming an annular space (5) between the outer jacket (4) and the roller-shaped body (1, 2, 3). The basis of the present invention resides in the task of simplifying, to as high a degree as possible, the prior art devices of this type, and, as far as is possible, obviating or at least reducing the inconveniences inherent therein. This task is solved according to the present invention, in that the device is provided with at least one slotted ring (19) at each end of the outer jacket (4) and the roller-shaped body (1, 2, 3) in the space (5) therebetween, the ring (19) having at least one inclined surface (20) for cooperation with an inclined surface (10) on the jacket (4) or the body (1, 2, 3) for radial movement of the ring (19) on actuation thereof into the space by means of adjustment screws (22) in a nut (11) which is secured against axial movement.

Abstract: Substantially uniform heat transfer through the cylindrical heat transfer wall of a steam heated hollow dryer drum is attained by longitudinal spoiler bars effecting turbulence of condensate throughout a major extent of the inner surface of the heat transfer wall, and condensate turbulence is generated in a narrow annular area from which a stationary siphon intake head withdraws the condensate from the steam chamber. A turbulence promoter is carried by the intake head and may comprise rigid or yieldably supported structure, e.g. a brush, rigid or flexible bar structure, an array of fingers, mounted on the downstream or off-running side of the intake head having regard to the direction of rotation of the drum.

Abstract: A vacuum evaporation apparatus for depositing an evaporant as a thin film on a substrate comprises a sealed container including a substrate support for mounting thereon the substrate. A heat medium such as of diphenyl, for example, is filled in the substrate support. The heat medium in the substrate support is supplied with heat by a heater. When heated, the heat medium is vaporized and the vapor gas having absorbed heat of evaporation is moved quickly from a high-temperature region to a low-temperature region. The vapor gas in the low-temperature region is supersaturated and turned into the heat medium liquid. The heat energy born as latent heat by the vapor gas is given off to heat the substrate support uniformly. With this thermosiphon action, the substrate can be heated through the substrate support so as to have a uniform overall temperature distribution for forming a uniformly deposited thin film on the substrate surface.

Abstract: The cylinder for guiding a web of textile material comprises at least one hollow space which is partly filled with a liquid heat carrier and can be evacuated. The pressure increase in the hollow space if the temperature is increased is to be limited to values below a multiple of calculated safety even though heat carriers with a steeply rising vapor pressure curve such as water are used. The solution consists in that only a quantity of heat carrier which can be evaporated completely in the volume of the hollow space already before a predetermined vapor pressure is reached, is contained in the hollow space.

Abstract: Fuser apparatus includes a heated fuser member, such as a fuser roller, for fusing a toner image carried by a support moved into contact with the member at a fusing region. The apparatus includes an assembly located in advance of the fusing region and external to the fuser member for maintaining the temperature of the fuser member at the fusing region substantially uniform along the length thereof by redistributing heat from hotter regions to colder regions along the length of the member. The assembly preferably includes a heat pipe which engages the fuser member in advance of the fusing region. The heat pipe may also apply release material to the fuser member and be heated to heat the fuser member.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for use with a high temperature heat transfer roll and is provided for joining a sheet of insulating material to the end of said roll by utilizing a protruding bolt head or the like. The fastener assembly comprises a cup-like body defining a cavity for receiving said bolt head and a quantity of adhesive material therewithin. A plurality of inwardly extending projections in said cup-like body cavity may be used to engage the bolt head substantially in an interference fit during setting of the adhesive material. A plurality of through apertures in the cup-like body permit release of any excess quantity of adhesive material therefrom. A shaft portion is formed integral with and projects axially outwardly from the cup-like body and away from the bolt head and is of sufficient axial extent to project through the sheet of insulating material. An enlarged head is carried on an axially outermost end of the shaft portion.

Abstract: A heat exchanging roller has an inner and an outer generally cylindrical casing with an annular space defined between them through which the heat exchanging medium passes. Sealing rings are disposed at the ends of the roller and bound the annular space. Sets of clamping mechanisms connect the sealing rings to the casing. Each clamping mechanism consists of two single conical lock washers, a double conical clamping ring and tightening screws which are threaded into associated boreholes in the sealing rings. The sealing rings are designed as centering rings of which the radial circumferential surfaces cooperate with the associated centering surfaces on the inner and outer casing. The circumferential surfaces each include at least one groove for receiving a resilient seal.

Abstract: Improved method for internal heating of rotary driers consisting in the use of an unique snorkel (placed inside the rotary drum) made by two opposite snorkels connected by any type of joint. This unique snorkel extends from feed end to discharge end of the rotary drum along its axial line. Part of the heating gases of the fire box flow (equicurrent or countercurrent to the flow of the material being dried) inside the snorkel-controsnorkel system.

Abstract: An improved spoiler bar, for rotatable, steam heated cylindrical dryers, which comprises an assembly of magnets, non-magnetic flux conducting backing and base plates, and magnetic flux conducting rails constructed to position the magnets in spaced adjacency to the dryer drum whereby the installation of the assemblies is facilitated and their strength of adherence to the inner surface of the dryer drum is optimized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for cooling an object which is exposed to high temperatures and particularly to cooling by heat transfer to a liquid. According to the invention an internal hose is disposed in a fluid conduit. The hose is permeable to the coolant liquid which is circulated therein so that there is created a substantially stagnant fluid boundary layer between the walls of the tube and the internal hose for efficient heat transfer to the circulating fluid within the hose.

Abstract: A hollow rotary member such as a roller, extruder or the like, requiring constant temperature control by a fluid circulating therethrough, has a hollow shaft with radial inlet and outlet ports communicating with respective compartments of a stationary coupling sleeve surrounding same, the compartments being bounded by sealing rings engaging the shaft. In order to facilitate the introduction of the shaft into the sleeve without damage to the sealing rings, the shaft ends in an extremity of reduced cross-sectional area whose noncircular outline consists of convex sections smoothly merging into one another.

Abstract: A film heating apparatus includes a vertical tank vertically adjustably mounted on a base supported post, a hollow vertical roller extends between and is journaled to brackets projecting from opposite ends of the tank, an electric motor driven pump mounted on the tank circulates a heat transfer liquid through and between the roller and tank through a rotary coupling mounted on the roller, the liquid in the tank being heated by an immersion electric heater which is energized in response to a temperature sensing member responsive to the liquid temperature and a second idler roller is supported between the brackets and is transversely spaced from the first roller.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll of high thermal efficiency for web or sheet processing machines, such as a papermaking machine. The improved can roll has means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide a segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss. Improved means for attaching the insulator assembly to the end faces of the can roll includes use of panel assembly bolts screwed into threaded bores provided within thickened bolt heads of the can roll head bolts.

Abstract: Temperature control means for a deflectable shell roll having lengthwise passages and being mounted for rotation on a fixed beam received in the inner race of a triple race bearing. The middle race of the bearing rotates with the shell roll and provides conduits between the roll shell passages and a central axial bore communicating with a rotary joint providing an inlet and an outlet for circulation of temperature control fluid through the shell passages.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for securing a thermal insulating blanket to an end of a heated cylinder in a papermaking machine. The assembly includes a clamp positionable on heads of bolts used to secure peripheral portions of the cylinder end to a cylindrical main body. Each clamp includes a spring-wire fastener element positioned around a bolt head and a hold-down clamp for preventing removal of the fastener element from the bolt head. An insulating blanket has an outer skirt portion provided with grommets engageable with engagement portions of the fastener elements. The inner skirt portion of the insulating blanket is secured to a journal of the cylinder by a hose-type clamping device or other suitable device having an elongate member that is wrapped around the skirt portion, with overlapping ends of the elongate member being secured to each other to securely clamp the inner skirt portion of the blanket to the journal.

Abstract: A roller having channels in the roller shell for a flow medium. The roller has an inner, tight, homogeneous shell, an outer shell, and intermediate ribs projecting out from the inner shell and sealed to both inner and outer shells to form the said channels.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll for paper-making machines having a high thermal efficiency. The improvement is in a means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss through natural convection, convection due to rotation, forced convection due to air draft, and radiation and resulting in a more uniform drying surface temperature.

Abstract: The circumferential wall of the godet drum is heated via air which is heated by a heating device within the chamber of the drum. Air circulation through a closed path is aided by means of fan blades which are mounted on an interior face of the drum.

Abstract: An apparatus that is designed to heat a flowable granular material up to an elevated temperature and cool the material back down to a temperature that is as close as possible to the temperature of the incoming material before exiting, where a substantial portion of the heat transferred in both heating the incoming material up and cooling the outgoing material back down is not being accomplished by outside heat sources and heat sinks, but rather by transferring heat from outgoing material to incoming material on a more or less direct basis. This is to be accomplished by an apparatus that is comprised of two coaxial cylinders rotating about their common axis whereby feed material enters and exits from one end, and a heat source is provided at the opposite end. Feed material enters into the inner chamber and travels towards the heat source.

Abstract: A lightweight pliable heat and noise insulator blanket is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder with band clamps that grasp adjacent ones of the connector screws that hold the end panel to the cylinder. The insulator blanket comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material, and the blanket defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the blanket can be positioned about the axle of the rotary cylinder. The band clamps each include a band formed in a closed shape for positioning about adjacent ones of the connector screws of the rotary cylinder, and a mounting block positioned between the connector screws.

Abstract: A lightweight pliable heat and noise insulator blanket is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder. The insulator blanket comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material, and the blanket defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the blanket can be positioned about the axle of the rotary cylinder. The insulator blanket includes an annular protrusion just inwardly of its outer periphery for placement against the exterior surface of the axial end wall of the rotary cylinder to form a seal between the insulator blanket and the rotary cylinder. The outer peripheral portion of the insulator blanket extends about the connector screws of the rotary cylinder while the annular seal of the insulator blanket is urged by centrifugal force toward a sealed relationship between the insulator blanket and the axial end wall of the rotary cylinder.

Abstract: A lightweight plyable heat and noise end panel insulator panel is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder. The insulator panel comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material and relatively non-stretchable material stitched and grommeted together whereby a pattern of pockets are formed to hold the fragile heat insulation in place. The panel defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the panel can be positioned about the axle of the cylinder.

Abstract: A freezing or cooling plant comprises an apparatus having an evaporator chamber. At the lower end the apparatus is connected with a feed conduit for liquid refrigerant and a suction conduit for suctioning refrigerant vapors. Both conduits communicate with a vessel in such a way that liquid refrigerant from the apparatus may flow to the vessel via both the conduits. By heating the apparatus due to washing of the outer surface of the evaporating chamber of the apparatus, only moderate pressure rises will occur in the apparatus since, after the cooling process is stopped, the apparatus will be emptied of liquid refrigerant and during the remaining washing period will contain solely superheated refrigerant vapors.

Abstract: A metal bar is fixedly clamped by a U-bolt or similar member to the periphery of a dryer bolt head protruding outwardly of a paper machine dryer cylinder end panel. The metal bar bears one or more threaded studs which project from the face of the bar for projection through a thermal insulation end panel to fix the panel to the end face of the dryer cylinder to reduce heat loss axially of the cylinder. In one form, a sheet metal locator plate fitted between circumferentially spaced bolts bears an oblique metal bar carrying one or more studs, eliminating the need for U-bolt mounting of the metal bar to more than one bolt head.

Abstract: To provide for axial guidance of cooling fluid, typically water, through a double-jacketed cooling roller which has an outer jacket (5) rotatably positioned over an inner stationary displacement body (6), in which the inner displacement body is smaller than the inner surface of the outer jacket to define a space (19) for flow of cooling fluid therethrough, the inner surface of the outer rotating jacket (5) is formed with spirally extending surface deformations (16), such as grooves or ridges or ribs or vanes, to transport water being centrifugally pressed against the inner walls of the rotating jacket (5) in axial direction. The axial end of the chamber (19) preferably is formed by an enlarged radially extending chamber (21) in which guide vanes (22) are located to return water flow to a hollow central shaft (9) for removal of cooling fluid axially therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll for papermaking machines having a high thermal efficiency. The improvement is in a means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss through natural convection, convection due to rotation, forced convection due to air draft, and radiation and resulting in a more uniform drying surface temperature.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for drying a moving web of textile fabric material as it passes over a series of closely adjacent rotating cylinders. Each cylinder has a pair of end portions and an intermediate portion. A heat insulating cap is mounted on each end portion to restrict the flow of heat energy therefrom.

Abstract: In a process for refrigerating protein materials, the material is prepared as a viscous paste at a relatively hot temperature and applied to a refrigerated heat transfer surface on a rotating drum, the temperatures of the protein material and the drum surface having a predetermined differential to cause congealed or frozen liquid at the interface between the protein material and drum surface to initially melt and immediately thereafter congeal or freeze in order to cause adhesion of the protein material to the surface. The protein material is compressed against the drum surface to improve heat transfer characteristics and subsequently removed in a suitably refrigerated or frozen condition. Initial heating may be extended to render excessive fat or to reduce bacterial content. Opposite surfaces of the sheet of material may also be contacted by first and second refrigerated heat transfer surfaces either simultaneously or in successive order.

Abstract: A roll especially adapted for supporting alloy pipe and tubing during travel through an annealing furnace; the roll has a roll body constructed of at least one refractory casting mounted on a cooled shaft and having a reinforcing binder distributed substantially evenly throughout the refractory and a metal surface portion in surface contact with the pipe or tubing; there is no metal-to-metal contact between the cooled shaft and the metal surface portion of the roll body so that said surface portion is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the annealing furnace.

Abstract: In order to replenish a helium bath in the super-conducting rotor of an electrical machine, in which bath liquid helium boils at subatmospheric pressure, with liquid helium from a helium reservoir, the liquid helium in the reservoir being at ambient pressure and a part of the liquid helium changing to the vapor phase during flow from the reservoir to the bath, liquid helium is introduced into the bath at a distance from the rotor axis of rotation, the liquid and vapor phases of the helium flowing from the reservoir to the bath are separated from one another in a phase separator fixed to the rotor, and the separated vapor phase is extracted from the separator.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll of high thermal efficiency for web or sheet processing machines, such as a papermaking machine. The improved can roll has means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide a segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss through natural convection, convection due to rotation, forced convection due to air draft, and radiation and resulting in a more uniform drying surface temperature. Improved clip means using a body bolt adapter are provided for attaching the insulating means directly onto the existing head bolts holding the can roll head onto the cylindrical portion of the can roll.

Abstract: A Yankee Dryer used in drying a web of paper or like materials in which all structural components are fabricated of weldments of steel plate and forgings and in which the outer shell is formed of a weldment of steel plates expanded to roundness and machined to final dimensions. All primary welds are subject to X-ray inspection. The dryer is of lighter weight than the usual cast iron Yankee Dryers, yet designed to withstand substantially higher steam pressure within the shell.

Abstract: A fixing device in which a toner image support member is pressure-held between and conveyed by a pair of rollers at least one of which is heated to a temperature at which the toner image may be fixed on the support member, characterized in that the end of at least one of the rollers which tends to be higher in temperature is cooled or the opposite end of said at least one roller is supplied with heat, whereby the thermally expanded state of said at least one roller and the thermally expanded state of the other roller are maintained in such a condition that the toner image support member is not laterally displaced from a predetermined conveyance path.

Abstract: A hollow cylinder is provided on its interior surface with an annular array of a plurality of annularly spaced, longitudinal ridges. The ridges are held in place by at least one inner support disposed inside the cylinder. A respective longitudinally extending bar is disposed radially inwardly of each ridge and springs bias the bar radially inwardly. The bars engage the support ring. The resultant resilient connection between the support ring and the ridges urges the ridges against the interior surface of the shell. The inner support ring may be constructed of several joined arcuate segments.

Abstract: An air-cleaning, heat-exchange apparatus includes a main housing portion connected by means of an air inlet fan to the kitchen exhaust stack of a restaurant. The apparatus includes an in-line series of three heat exchangers through which a heat-absorptive fluid is circulated, simultaneously, by means of a suitable fluid pump. These heat exchangers remove exhaust gas heat and further transfer this heat to a stream of air, such as that from a cold-air return duct. Due to the fact that the hot exhaust gas is heavily grease laden, grease will be deposited on virtually all internal surfaces of the apparatus which this exhaust gas contacts. The apparatus includes means for spraying exhaust gas contacted internal surfaces, as well as the hot exhaust gas itself, with a detergent solution in which the grease is soluble, thereby removing grease buildup from these internal surfaces.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a hollow rotatable cylinder which is particularly useful as the drying cylinder for a paper machine. A circumferentially spaced apart array of sets, each comprised of at least a pair of axially arrayed cleats, are positioned around the inner cylindrical wall of the cylinder. Each cleat is comprised of a strip of sheet metal folded over a bar in direct engagement with the cylinder wall. Axial end pins on the cleats extend radially outwardly into boreholes provided in the inner cylinder wall. The end pins are dimensioned so that adjacent end pins of axially adjacent cleats may be received in a common borehole. In addition, a resilient holding ring may outwardly bias the cleats toward the inner cylinder wall. Finally, the cleats may be magnetically attracted to the inner cylinder wall for being held there.

Abstract: A paper machine dryer cylinder mounts a plurality of circumferentially spaced stud clamps which project from the inside face of the panel, each stud clamp constituting a slotted, arcuate body with a screw spanning the slot to reduce the diameter of a central opening within the body and to which a dryer bolt head is clamped to fix the panel to the end face of the dryer cylinder to reduce heat loss axially of the cylinder.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating or cooling a liquid, comprises a stationary outer shell and an drum rotatable coaxially in the shell. The outer periphery of the drum is adjacent the inner periphery of the shell and a stationary heat exchanger is disposed within the drum. Liquid to be heated or cooled is fed into the drum past the stationary heat exchanger and then between the outer periphery of the drum and the inner periphery of the shell. Impeller structure is disposed on .[.the.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.extends axially along the outer periphery of the drum, such as a helicoidal vane, to .[.more.]. .Iadd.move .Iaddend.the liquid is a circuitous path along the inner periphery of the stationary shell upon rotation of the drum.