Abstract: A control unit is provided for a hybrid drive that includes an internal combustion engine and an electric machine. The control unit is configured to cause one or more drag torque reduction measures of the internal combustion engine to be terminated in preparation for firing the internal combustion engine. In addition, the control unit is configured to cause the electric machine to at least partly compensate for an increase in the drag torque of the internal combustion engine caused by the termination of the one or more drag torque reduction measures.

Abstract: A method and system for operating a hybrid vehicle that includes an integrated starter/generator and a driveline disconnect clutch is described. In one example, the method determines whether or not to rotate an engine via an electric machine while propelling a vehicle via the electric machine according to vehicle efficiency.

Abstract: A motor includes a rotor, a stator, and first bus bars electrically connected to the stator on one axial direction side of the stator. The stator includes a stator core including a core back extending in a circumferential direction, teeth extending radially from the core back, and coils defined by winding a conducting wire, each of which is mounted on the teeth. A first conducting wire and a second conducting wire which are two respective ends of the conducting wire extend to one axial direction side from each of the coils. The first bus bars are neutral point bus bars connecting two or more first conducting wires as neutral points. The second conducting wire is connected to a power supply that supplies power to the stator.

Abstract: A system includes a computing device for receiving information representative of activities of an operating first vehicle that includes a propulsion system. The computing device is configured to produce one or more control parameters from the received information in combination with information received from other vehicles, and, provide the one or more control parameters to control operations of a second vehicle.

Abstract: A control apparatus is used in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine, a rotating electrical machine, and a storage battery. The control apparatus stops the engine when a state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery is higher than a lower limit, and an automatic stop condition is met and also restarts the engine when the SOC of the storage battery is lower than the lower limit, and an automatic restart condition is met. The control apparatus also controls operation of the rotating electrical machine to generate electricity to increase the SOC above a target SOC and also actuates the rotating electrical machine to assist in driving the vehicle when the SOC is higher than a torque assist enable SOC. The target SOC is set higher than the lower limit. The torque assist enable SOC is set higher than the target SOC. This improves the fuel economy.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle has an engine (E) that is capable of changing a combustion mode between a stoichiometric combustion mode and a lean combustion mode and a motor/generator (MG) that is capable of performing torque assist by a power running operation and torque absorption by a regenerative operation. As a boundary between a stoichiometric combustion operating region and a lean combustion operating region, a second boundary (L2) at a torque decrease has a hysteresis at a low torque side with respect to a first boundary (L1) at a torque increase. Upon shift from the stoichiometric combustion operating region to the lean combustion operating region, for delay in increase of an intake-air quantity, decrease in fuel and the torque assist by the motor/generator (MG) are carried out, and an exhaust air-fuel ratio is changed stepwise.

Abstract: A control system of a hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine loaded on a vehicle, an electric motor loaded on the vehicle, and connected to wheels via a power transmission mechanism, a battery storing power that drives the electric motor, and a control device that controls engine torque generated by the internal combustion engine, and motor torque transmitted to the wheels by the electric motor. The control device calculates an outputable power of the battery based on a temperature and a state of charge of the battery. The control device is configured to make a torque change amount of the engine torque larger when the calculated outputable power belongs to a predetermined low power region than when the outputable power belongs to a high power region with higher power than the low power region.

Abstract: Dual-mass flywheel concept for internal combustion engines, where the secondary flywheel can be disconnected and reconnected as required, by means of a clutch. The concept is characterized in that it comprises a primary flywheel fixedly mounted on the engine crankshaft, a secondary flywheel which is stored so that it can rotate freely, a clutch connecting the secondary flywheel to the drive shaft (input shaft on the gearbox), an elastic element (springs) which connects the primary flywheel to the drive shaft.

Abstract: A fuel-saving control device (100) equipped with: a surplus drive force calculation unit (101) for calculating surplus drive force; a fuel-saving control unit (102) for executing a fuel-saving control which lowers and corrects the indicated fuel injection amount according to the accelerator position when the surplus drive force reaches or exceeds a threshold, and stopping the fuel-saving control when the surplus drive force falls below the threshold; a direction indicator operation detection unit (107) for detecting operation of a direction indicator; a vehicle position detection unit (108) for detecting the vehicle position; a map information storage unit (109) for storing map information; and a fuel-saving control stoppage condition determination unit (110) for determining whether or not a fuel-saving control should be stopped, on the basis of the map information and the vehicle position when the direction indicator operation is detected.

Abstract: A fuel-saving control device 100 equipped with: a surplus drive force calculation unit 101 for calculating surplus drive force; a fuel-saving control unit 102 for executing a fuel-saving control which lowers and corrects the indicated fuel injection amount according to the accelerator position by using a lowering-correction value that corresponds to the surplus drive force when the surplus drive force reaches or exceeds a prescribed threshold, and stopping the fuel-saving control when the surplus drive force falls below the prescribed threshold; a vehicle position detection unit 107 for detecting the vehicle position; a map information storage unit 108 for storing map information; and a forward curvature radius identification unit 109 for identifying the forward curvature radius on the basis of the vehicle position and the map information.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses of a vehicle include an engine control circuit structured to control an engine speed, a transmission control circuit structured to control a transmission, an implement control circuit structured to control an implement, and a processing circuit structured to receive a travel signal indicative of a travel mode for the vehicle, or an implement signal indicative of an implement mode for the vehicle. In response to operating in the travel mode, the transmission control circuit determines the engine speed and the implement control circuit limits an implement torque to maintain the engine speed. In response to operating in the implement mode, the engine control circuit determines the engine speed and the transmission control circuit limits a propulsion torque to maintain the engine speed.

Abstract: A method for extended driving mode of a hybrid vehicle mounted with a cylinder of an engine deactivation (CDA) device may include controlling to switch cylinders of an engine into an idle state through a variable valve control mechanism in an engine stop mode.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for a vehicle is disclosed. The driving apparatus is used for transmitting drive force to a first output shaft. The driving apparatus includes a housing, a motor, a torque converter and an oil reservoir unit. The housing includes a first oil chamber and a second oil chamber. The motor is disposed in the first oil chamber. The torque converter forms the second oil chamber and transmits drive force of the motor to the first output shaft. The oil reservoir unit is disposed radially inward of the torque converter. The torque converter guides hydraulic oil from the oil reservoir unit to the second oil chamber by centrifugal force.

Abstract: In an electric vehicle, a power supplier includes a software type condenser charging circuit and a hardware type condenser charging circuit. The software capacitor charging circuit operates when a controller controls the software type condenser charging circuit while monitoring a voltage between opposite ends at an initial charging stage. The hardware type condenser charging circuit is operated when the controller controls the hardware type condenser charging circuit without monitoring the voltage between the opposite ends of the DC-link condenser or by direct switching manipulation of a user.

Abstract: A control system for hybrid vehicles configured to improve energy efficiency by controlling a speed difference in a coupling. The hybrid vehicle comprises: a power split mechanism; an engine connected to a first rotary element; a first motor connected to the second rotary element; a second motor connected to the third rotary element; drive wheels to which a torque is delivered from the third rotary element; and a coupling comprising a drive member and a driven member. A controller is configured to change the speed difference in the coupling, and to change a speed or a torque of at least one of the first motor and the second motor after changing the speed difference in the coupling.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes an intelligent vehicle controller, an electric motor, a battery, an internal combustion engine (ICE), and an electrical generator coupled to the ICE configured to provide electricity to the battery and the electric motor. The intelligent vehicle controller receives ICE power level shifting data from the electrical generator, ICE, battery, and electric motor. The intelligent vehicle controller determines a desirable torque and/or a desirable revolutions per minute (RPM) for the ICE based on the received ICE power level shifting data by utilizing an efficiency map that includes fuel efficiency contours and noise, vibration, and/or harshness (NVH) level lines for the hybrid electric vehicle. The intelligent vehicle controller may have first and second vehicle operation modes, and may derive first and a second desirable power levels for the ICE in the first and second operation modes, based on the ICE power level shifting data.

Abstract: There is provided a power supply system that is mounted on a vehicle and that comprises an accumulator connected with a power line via a system main relay including a precharge circuit; a smoothing capacitor mounted to the power line; and a power converter configured to use a DC power from the power line and supply an AC power to an electric load. When a precharge control that uses the precharge circuit to pre-charge the capacitor at a system start time fails in pre-charging the capacitor, the power supply system diagnoses a place of a failure, based on a change in common voltage of the accumulator during the precharge control.

Abstract: A system for intelligent power management for a vehicle includes a fuel efficiency sensor, a dynamometer, an noise, vibration, and/or harshness (NVH) sensor, and a measurement unit & map generator. The fuel efficiency sensor measures fuel efficiencies of the vehicle. The dynamometer senses torques and revolutions per minute (RPMs) of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The NVH sensor measures NVH level, for example noise and/or vibration levels, of the vehicle. The measurement unit & map generator produces an efficiency map including a plurality of fuel efficiency contours, a plurality of NVH level lines, and a plurality of power level curves. The efficiency map includes at least one vehicle operation point that corresponds to an acceptable NVH level and/or a desirable fuel efficiency, and that represents a desirable torque and a desirable RPM of the ICE.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle transmission includes input and output shafts, first and second motor/generators, a first planetary gear train in which one rotary element of three rotary elements is connected to the input shaft and another thereof is connected to the first motor/generator, a second planetary gear train in which one of three rotary elements is connected to the output shaft and another thereof is connected to the second motor/generator, a first external gear pair consisting of a first gear, connected to a remaining rotary element of the first planetary gear train, and a second gear, connected to a remaining rotary element of the second planetary gear train, and a second external gear pair consisting of a third gear, connected to the input shaft, and a fourth gear directly connected to one rotary element of the second planetary gear train.

Abstract: A control device of a four-wheel-drive vehicle having an electronic control coupling changing a transmission torque, and a connecting/disconnecting mechanism connecting/disconnecting an input to the input-side rotating member of the coupling, comprising: a storage portion storing a relationship between the drive current to the coupling and the transmission torque of the coupling; a control portion controlling the drive current based on the relationship; and a learning portion performing correction for the relationship through learning by applying a braking torque to the input-side rotating member by an electromagnetic actuator.

Abstract: A vehicle power source includes a generator, a power storage, a vehicle body equipment group, a current consumption estimating unit, a charge and discharge current setting unit, a generated current setting unit, and a generated current controller. The current consumption estimating unit estimates current consumption of the vehicle body equipment group, on a basis of a generated current of the generator and a charge and discharge current of the power storage. The charge and discharge current setting unit sets a target charge and discharge current of the power storage, on a basis of a state of charge of the power storage. The generated current setting unit sets a target generated current of the generator, on a basis of the current consumption and the target charge and discharge current. The generated current controller controls the generated current, on a basis of the target generated current.

Abstract: A method for controlling vehicle operation of a vehicle having a standard transmission, a clutch, a service brake activated by a brake pedal, and an engine controller configured to shut off the engine after a stationary state of the vehicle has been reached. The method including shutting off the engine in a stopping step if an idling position of the manually shifted transmission has been engaged and if the clutch has been engaged and restarting engine in a chronologically subsequent starting step upon activation of a pedal, including a clutch pedal. The service brake configured to apply a brake pressure directly after release of the brake pedal for predetermined time period or interval between the stopping step and the starting step.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle, rotational speed control on a motor/generator connected to a first engagement clutch is carried out when there is a gear shift request to a gear shift stage at which the first engagement clutch of the multistage gear transmission is meshingly engaged. A transmission control unit is provided for outputting a meshing engagement instruction to the first engagement clutch when a rotational speed feedback control causes a differential rotation speed of the first engagement clutch to be within a range of a synchronization determination rotational speed. Upon executing the rotational speed feedback control on the motor/generator, this transmission control unit reduces the efficacy of the rotational speed feedback control less than before starting of the meshingly engagement, when the meshing engagement of the first engagement clutch is started.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided with a motor that is adapted to provide drive torque and a storage device that is connected to the motor and adapted to receive power for charging from an external supply. The vehicle also includes a user interface and a controller. The user interface is adapted to provide a charge level selection. The controller is configured to receive a present charge value of the storage device and to disable charging from the external supply in response to the present charge value corresponding to the charge level selection.

Abstract: An cooling system including an oil circulation circuit includes a first circuit including an electric oil pump that discharges oil as a coolant to be supplied to an inverter and respective motors, and an HV radiator that cools the oil to be supplied to the inverter and the respective motors, and a second circuit including a mechanical oil pump that discharges the oil to be supplied to a lubrication-required part without passing through the HV radiator.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine, a motor, a high voltage traction battery, and a controller. The engine and the motor are each configured to propel the vehicle. The battery is configured to power the motor. The controller is programmed to selectively start the engine based on a state of charge of the battery and air pollution content such that as the air pollution content increases a state of charge engine startup threshold decreases.

Abstract: A control apparatus that is applied to a vehicle includes a control unit. The control unit is configured to, when the vehicle is traveling on a specific traffic congestion section at a time when the vehicle has reached a downhill control start point or a traffic congestion control start point, not start any of a downhill control and a traffic congestion control. After the vehicle travels on the specific traffic congestion section, the downhill control or the traffic congestion control is started only when an effect of improvement in fuel consumption resulting from the downhill control or the traffic congestion control is expected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a battery pack supplying power to propel a vehicle are disclosed. One example method comprises, determining a difference between an estimated battery pack temperature and a sensed battery pack temperature as a basis for adjusting battery pack output power. The method also includes adjusting a speed of a cooling fan based on the difference between estimated battery pack temperature and sensed battery pack temperature.

Abstract: A vehicle battery cooling system may include a cooling arrangement to cool a battery, and a controller programmed to operate the arrangement according to each of a series of estimated temperatures of the battery that are based on heat generation, stored thermal energy, and heat transfer rates associated with the battery such that the series forms an estimated temperature waveform that temporally leads a sensed temperature waveform of the battery.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur from a lean NOx trap of a mild hybrid vehicle while the vehicle is stationary is disclosed, the method comprising connecting an electrical system of the vehicle to a large capacity external battery, operating an integrated starter generator driven by an engine of the vehicle as a generator to load the engine thereby allowing the engine to be operated at a higher torque level and rich of stoichiometric and storing the electrical energy produced by the integrated starter generator in the large capacity battery during the time period required for the removal of sulfur from the lean NOx trap.

Abstract: A fuel injection controlling apparatus includes a fuel cut controlling unit applied to an engine and a transmission to perform a fuel cut control of a fuel injection apparatus upon shifting of the transmission. A shift state detection unit decides a shift state. The fuel cut controlling unit changes a decision threshold value to be used for decision of whether or not the fuel cut control is to be ended in response to the shift state detected by the shift state detection unit. A dog clutch type transmission is configured to select an arbitrary one of a plurality of transmission gear pairs through engagement or disengagement of a dog clutch configured from dowels and dowel holes. The shift state is indicated by a length of a dowel abutment time period for which a state in which the dowels abut with a side wall of a transmission gear upon shifting continues.

Abstract: A numerical control device, in a motor drive system which drives a motor part which has a cooling fan motor and is provided with the numerical control device to drive the motor part, which acquires the temperature of the component elements of the motor part from the temperature detectors, ambient temperature, input energy to the component elements, and output energy from the component elements, estimates the heat radiation characteristic of the component elements from the data of the temperature of the component elements, ambient temperature, and input/output energy, compares the estimated value of the heat radiation characteristic of the component elements with a normal value, judges that the cooling fan motor is abnormal when the heat radiation characteristic is below the normal value, and thereby prevents trouble due to overheating of the component elements of the motor part.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for monitoring and adapting sensors and actuators in the induction system and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine during a period of time in which fresh air is flowing through the internal combustion engine without fuel delivery. According to the disclosure, the period of time in which fresh air is flowing through the internal combustion engine when fuel delivery is turned off and the monitoring and adapting is being carried out is extended by transferring torque produced by electric motor to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A self-recharging electric generator system in communication with an external system, where the external system includes a power source external to the self-recharging electric generator system, and the self-recharging electric generator system includes at least one electric motor configured to receive power from the power source of the external system, at least one generator configured to produce power to be supplied to the external system, and to the at least one electric motor, at least one sensing device configured to be connected with an onboard battery system of the external system, to sense a charge status of the onboard battery system, and a switch device electrically coupled with the at least one sensing device and configured to switch from the power source of the external system to the at least one generator as the source for supplying power to the at least one electric motor.

Abstract: A method for controlling torque reduction of a hybrid electric vehicle including a motor and an engine as a power source includes: determining whether a traction control system (TCS) is operating; calculating a demand torque of the TCS when the TCS is operating; determining an engine operating point according to the demand torque of the TCS; maintaining an engine torque according to the engine operating point; comparing a difference between the demand torque of the TCS and the engine torque according to the engine operating point with a charging limit torque of the motor; and performing torque reduction using a motor torque and the engine torque based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: An ECU of an electric vehicle supplies a target rotation speed RT having a value corresponding to the temperature TB of a main battery to a cooler, controls a main DC/DC converter such that the SOC of an auxiliary battery is in a predetermined range SOCL to SOCH less than 100% when a cooling fan in the cooler is driven at the target rotation speed (RT), and controls the main DC/DC converter such that the SOC of the auxiliary battery is 100% when the cooling fan is not driven at the target rotation speed (RT).

Abstract: A variable speed transmission is disposed in a housing of a work vehicle, wherein the housing includes an external mounting surface. At least one axle is driven by the variable speed transmission and extends from the transaxle housing. An operator handle and the prime mover are mounted directly to external surfaces of the transaxle housing to provide a frameless vehicle. The transmission may also drive a power take-off assembly, which is also supported by the transaxle housing, to drive a work tool.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method, including: a first electronic device receiving a location signal through a communication module of the first electronic device; the first electronic device storing information of said location signal; the first electronic device transmitting the information of said location signal to a second electronic device in communication with the first electronic device, so that the second electronic device can derive a location of the first electronic device based on the information of said location signal; the first electronic device receiving from the second electronic device, information comprising said location of the first electronic device, via the communication module of the first electronic device; and the first electronic device displaying said location of the first electronic device. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A lubricating structure for a transmission includes: a case that includes a center support fixation portion that extends from the inner peripheral surface toward the radially inner side, and that houses the transmission on the first side of the center support fixation portion in the axial direction of the transmission; a center support that is press-fitted into the center support fixation portion, that rotatably supports an input shaft of the transmission, and that rotatably supports a clutch drum of the transmission; a bearing provided between the clutch drum and the center support in the axial direction; an oil reservoir portion formed on the center support on the second side of the center support fixation portion in the axial direction to open on the upper side in the vertical direction, the second side being opposite to the first side; and an oil passage formed in the center support, one end of the oil passage opening in the oil reservoir portion, and the other end of the oil passage opening in a space be

Abstract: Provided are a control device for an electric vehicle and a control method for an electric vehicle capable of appropriately suppressing a vibration. In the control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention, when a torque is controlled that is generated by a motor configured to generate a torque for braking or driving a drive wheel via a speed reduction mechanism and a drive shaft coupled to the speed reduction mechanism, the torque generated by the motor is controlled based on a rotational torque command value based on an accelerator operation or a brake operation by a driver, and a vibration suppression control torque command value for suppressing a vibration component caused by a resonance of the vehicle. Then, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the torque generated by the motor is reduced.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described to control the use of electrical power when charging a traction battery. A vehicle module can drive the contactor coils with two set-points for controlling the power into the contactor coils, namely, a travel or vehicle “on” set point and a charging, vehicle “off” set point. In use, full power is initially applied to the coils to guarantee immediate closure of the contactor. During charging and after closing the contactor, the power is set at the charging, vehicle “off” set point. The travel or vehicle “on” set point is higher than the charging, vehicle “off” set point. Using the charging, vehicle “off” set point reduces electricity consumption. The vehicle “on” set point is at a higher electrical level as it must maintain closure under worst-case vibration and shock conditions considering mounting location, contactor orientation, as well as other characteristics of the vehicle and contactor.

Abstract: A sliding feedback control system of a vehicle is provided. The system includes: an electric motor; a power battery; a battery manager connected with the power battery, and configured to obtain a maximum charging power of the power battery; and a motor controller connected with the electric motor, and configured to obtain maximum feedback torque values of the motor controller and the electric motor, to convert the maximum charging power of the power battery into a maximum feedback torque value of the power battery, to determine a minimum of the maximum feedback torque values as a first feedback torque value, to obtain a second feedback torque value, and to determine a final feedback torque value of the electric motor as a minimum of the first and second feedback torque values, such that the electric motor controls the vehicle to perform the sliding feedback operation according to the final feedback torque value.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a high voltage battery, a charger and an ECU. When electric power from an external power supply is equal to or less than first predetermined electric power and first power feeding control to feed electric power to a low voltage system power line is performed, the ECU is configured to control the charger to: continue the drive of the charger when a first predetermined time has not elapsed from a start of the first power feeding control or when charged electric power of the high voltage battery is greater than second predetermined electric power that is smaller than the first predetermined electric power after the first predetermined time has elapsed; and stop the drive of the charger when the charged electric power of the high voltage battery is equal to or less than the second predetermined electric power after the first predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a hybrid electric vehicle. The vehicle includes at least one motor-generator, an internal combustion engine employing a camshaft and a camshaft phaser, and an energy-storage device operatively connected to the engine and to the at least one motor-generator. The method includes determining whether a deceleration of the vehicle is desired, and ceasing a supply of fuel to the engine when the deceleration is desired. The method additionally includes regulating the camshaft phaser to a predetermined fuel cut-off position when the supply of fuel to the engine has been ceased, such that a magnitude of compression pulses in the engine is reduced relative to when the engine is being fueled. A system for controlling the hybrid electric vehicle and for executing the above method is also provided.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling a battery SOC of a hybrid vehicle are provided to improve fuel efficiency in an urban area with a differentiated strategy for controlling auxiliary battery SOC balance of the hybrid vehicle. The method improves fuel efficiency in urban areas with a differentiated strategy of controlling SOC balance of an auxiliary battery considering that the degree of influence of electric field load consumption on fuel efficiency based on LDC voltage adjustment in the hybrid vehicle varies based on driving mode and road gradient.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a high voltage battery, a charger and an ECU. When electric power from an external power supply is equal to or less than first predetermined electric power and first power feeding control to feed electric power to a low voltage system power line is performed, the ECU is configured to control the charger to: continue the drive of the charger when a first predetermined time has not elapsed from a start of the first power feeding control or when charged electric power of the high voltage battery is greater than second predetermined electric power that is smaller than the first predetermined electric power after the first predetermined time has elapsed; and stop the drive of the charger when the charged electric power of the high voltage battery is equal to or less than the second predetermined electric power after the first predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes an engine and an electric machine, both capable of providing propulsion power. A clutch is configured to selectively couple the engine to the electric machine. At times, the vehicle may be subject to excessive loads, such as a large amount of weight in the vehicle or the vehicle towing another object. At least one controller is programmed to engage the clutch and start the engine in response to a load of the vehicle exceeding a predetermined threshold and a release of the brake pedal while the vehicle is stopped and in drive. This increases available engine torque prior to vehicle launch in anticipation of an upcoming acceleration demand.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electric machine, a traction battery to power the electric machine, and a starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) battery. The vehicle also includes a galvanically isolated DC-DC converter connecting the batteries and having a bus capacitance in parallel therewith. The vehicle further includes a contactor to electrically connect the traction battery in parallel with the bus capacitance, and a controller. The controller, in response to a command to close the contactor, activates switches of the DC-DC converter to drive energy from the SLI battery to the bus capacitance before closing the contactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a skew angle is changed according to a load condition so that noise and vibration can be reduced as compared to a conventional motor.

Abstract: A voltage control method for a fuel cell may include: interrupting electrical connection between the fuel cell and a load in a low load state; supplying oxygen to the fuel cell in accordance with a preset condition during the electrical connection is interrupted; detecting an OCV of the fuel cell after oxygen is supplied to the fuel cell in accordance with the preset condition; reducing an amount of oxygen supplied to the fuel cell when the OCV is higher than a target voltage by a first value or larger; increasing the amount of oxygen when the OCV is lower than the target voltage by a second value or larger; and keeping the amount of oxygen when the OCV is lower than a sum of the target voltage and the first value and higher than a value obtained by subtracting the second value from the target voltage.